falls_english_r6

8/7/2019 falls_english_r6

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This material was produced under grant number SH-17792-08-60-F-48 Occupational Safety and Health Administration,

U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor,

nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Big Four Construction Hazards:

Fall Hazards


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Introduction

The following presentations have been developedin both Spanish and English for the construction industry.These presentations focus on the Big Four ConstructionHazards falls, electrocution, caught-in and

struck-by.

All training materials will cover the four hazardsseen regularly on construction sites and will focus on the

methods for the recognition and the prevention of thesecommon hazards.


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Fall Hazards OverviewA. Fall Hazards

1. Building Structures2. Exterior Construction Areas

3. Scaffolds

4. Stairs

5. Ladders

B. Accident Prevention

1. Guardrails

2. Warning Lines

3. Personal Fall Arrest Systems

4. Floor Covers


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Falls are one of the greatesthazards on construction sites.

This program will help you

recognize common fall hazards.

The symbols will tell you if the

situation in the picture is eithersafe or not safe.

Fall Hazards

Safe

Not safe


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Fall Hazards Statistics

Each year workers diefrom falls. During theyear 2007:

Total deaths from falls:835

Deaths in construction:442

More than 50% ofdeaths from falls are inconstruction

Approximately 15% ofall occupational deathsare falls


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Fall Hazards

Fall hazards can befound on everyconstruction site:

Building structures

Exterior constructionareas

Scaffolds

Stairs

Ladders


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Building Structures

Work conditions 6 or

more above lower levelrequire the use of fallprotection:

Unprotected sides,edges

Leading edges

Excavations

Walking/working

surfaces


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This worker isworking 6 abovethe lower levelwithout using fall

protection.

Building Structures


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Building Structures

When working at a

height of 6 above thelower level you mustuse fall protection:

Personal fall arrestsystems

Guardrails


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When working at aheight of 6 above thelower level you mustuse fall protection.

These workers arenot utilizing apersonal fall arrest

system.

Building Structures


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Guardrails mustbe maintainedwhen working 6above lower

level.

Building Structures


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Damaged ormissing guardrailsmust be fixedimmediately.

Building Structures


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Falls from a shortdistance can result inserious injury.

All workers must be

protected from fallingonto sharp materials.

Exterior Construction Areas


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Exterior Construction Areas

All open excavations

and pier holes mustbe guarded orprotected.


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Scaffolds

Scaffolds are elevated,

temporary workplatforms:

Supported scaffold

Guardrails

Access ladders

Powered workplatforms


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Scaffolds

Scaffold bases

must rest on abase plate and amud sill.

The base plate isdesigned to leveland support the

scaffold.

Base plate

Mud sill


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Scaffolds

Only work from

scaffolds that areproperlyconstructed and

supported.


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Scaffolds

Scaffolds used in stairwells must beproperly constructed.


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Scaffolds

When workingon scaffolds 6above lowerlevel, guardrails

must beinstalled.


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Scaffolds

Never use scaffolds

that do not haveproper guardrailsinstalled.


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Scaffolds

Scaffold platformsmust be fully andproperly planked.


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Scaffolds

Never stack blocks,

bricks, or use ladderson top of scaffolds forextra height.


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Scaffolds

Workers must

have a safe way toaccess thescaffold.


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Scaffolds

Never use blocks,

bricks, walk boards,and other unsafemethods to access a

scaffold.


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Use only ladders

designed for use withscaffolds.

The ladder must befirmly secured to thescaffold.

Scaffolds


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Powered Work Platforms

Powered platforms

include:

man-baskets placedon a forklift,

aerial lifts, and

scissor lifts.


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Always make sure you

have proper fallprotection andtraining before usinga powered platform.


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Only use equipment that is designed for lifting

personnel.


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Stairs

Stairways must have

a stair rail along eachunprotected side oredge.


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Stairs

Stairs that have

walls on both sidesmust have at leastone hand rail on theright-hand sidewhen climbingdown.


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Ladders

Never use stairs

that are notcomplete orunsafe.


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Ladders

Ladders must be

inspected prior touse.

Ladders must bekept in a goodcondition and safelocation.


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Ladders

Do not stand on the

top of a ladder.


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Ladders

Read labels on

ladders forinstructions to

ensure proper use.


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Ladders

Always maintain good

footing on a stepladder.

Use the correct sizeladder for the workthat is to be done.


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Ladders

Always use the right

equipment for the job:

Ladders

Lifts

Scaffolds

L dd


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Ladders

Never straddle or sit on top of a step ladder.

L dd


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Ladders

An A-Frame ladder

must be fully openedand locked intoposition.

Use ladders only fortheir designed purpose.

L dd


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Ladders

Only use ladders on

stable and levelsurfaces to preventaccidentalmovement.

L dd


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Ladders

Ladders must be

positioned at a safeangle to avoidpotential fall hazardswhen climbing.

Extension laddersmust extend 3 over

the landing for safeaccess.

L dd


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Ladders

When using a

portable ladder foraccess to an upperlanding surface, theside rails must extendat least 3 above theupper landingsurface.

L dd


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Too Far!

Ladders

Proper use vs.

Improper application

L dd


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Ladders

Maintain contact with

the ladder using bothhands to keep a safegrip.

Face ladder whengoing up or down.

Never climb a ladderwhile carrying anymaterials.

J b M d L dd


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Job Made Ladders

Job made ladders

must be properlyconstructed:

Steps equally spaced

No missing steps orrungs

No sharp edges or

nails sticking out

J b M d L dd


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Job Made Ladders

Never use a job made

ladder that is damagedor missing steps.

Only use a job madeladder that has beenproperly built.

J b M d L dd


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Job Made Ladders

Job made ladders

must also beconstructed so thatno nails protrude orsharp edges exist.

Nails and sharp

edges can catch onclothing and causefalls.

QUIZ


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QUIZ

You will be presentedwith a specific hazardrecognition question totest your understanding

of this material.

Q estion 1


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Question 1

Before using a ladder, inspect it for whichof the following?

A Cracks in the frame

B Broken or missing rungs

C Oil, grease or other substances on the rungs

D All of the above

Question 1


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Question 1

Before using a ladder, inspect it for which

of the following?

The correct answer is:

D All of the above

Question 2


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Question 2

Job made ladders may be used if the

steps are equally spaced with no stepsmissing and no sharp edges or nailssticking out.

A True

B False

Question 2


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Question 2

Job made ladders may be used if the

steps are equally spaced with no stepsmissing and no sharp edges or nailssticking out.


A - True

Question 3


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Question 3

When erecting scaffolding, the base plate

must be placed on what?

A A Firm Foundation

B Cement Blocks

C Soft Dirt

D Wood Blocks

Question 3


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Question 3

When erecting scaffolding, the base plate

must be placed on what?


A A Firm Foundation

Question 4


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Question 4

When working on scaffolding and you

need a little more height, you must do thefollowing:

A Stand on a saw-horse

B Jump

C Erect another section of scaffolding

D Use a ladder

Question 4


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Question 4

When working on scaffolding and you

need a little more height, you must do thefollowing:


C Erect another section of scaffolding

Question 5


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Question 5

Stairs that are incomplete and missing

handrails are acceptable to use during theconstruction phase of the project.

A TrueB False

Question 5


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Question 5

Stairs that are incomplete and missing

handrails are acceptable to use during theconstruction phase of the project.

The correct answer is:B False

Accident Prevention


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Accident Prevention

A willing, positive attitude

towards safety will helpmake a safer workenvironment.

Preventing Fall Accidents


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Preventing Fall Accidents

Construction work

performed at 6 orhigher above a lowerlevel requires fallprotection.

Some fall protectionmethods include: Guardrails

Warning lines Fall arrest systems and

Floor covers

Guardrails


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Guardrails

Guardrails must

have a top rail,a mid rail and atoe board.

The top rail must

be at least 42

from the working

surface.

Top Rail 42

Mid Rail 21

Guardrails


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Guardrails

All guardrails must

be constructed witha top rail and a midrail.

The top rail mustsupport 200 lbs. offorce downward andoutward. 200 lbs

Guardrails


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Guardrails

Cable guardrails

must meet the samerules as woodguardrails.

The top rail must beat least 42 high andresist up to 200 lbs.

Cable Guardrails


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Cable Guardrails

Steel cable

guardrailsmust have

the top rail

flagged every6 feet.

6

6

Cable Guardrails


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Cable Guardrails

The clamps used for a steel cable system must

be placed correctly.

U-bolt

Saddle

Dead end

Dead end

Warning Lines


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Warning Lines

Warning lines are

used to keepworkers away froman unsafe edge.

The warning linemust be at least 6away from the edge.

6

Warning Lines


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Warning Lines

Warning lines must

withstand 16 lbs. oftipping force.

The warning linemust be at least

34 from theground.

Top Rail

34

Warning Lines


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Warning Lines

Warning lines

must bemaintained.

Report any

unsafe conditionto yoursupervisor.

Warning Lines


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Warning Lines

Never work in an

area if the warningline has beenknocked down ordamaged.

Personal Fall Arrest Systems


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The fall arrest

systemcomponents are:

body harness,

lanyard, and

anchorage point.



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Body harness must be

worn properly.

D-ring must rest

between the shouldersand the chest strapmust be secured.

D-ring

Cheststrap



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Body harness must

be:

inspected beforeuse,

adjusted to fit theworker, and

free from othervisible damage.

Not adjusted

Loose straps



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Lanyards must be in good condition and free

from visible damage.

Locking snap-hook

Anchoring D-ring



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Lanyard must

attach to theD-ring on thebody harness.



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Never anchor or tie

off to pipes, woodstructures, electricalwires, or other areasnot designed for

anchorage points.



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The anchorage

point is the placewhere you tie offto or hook to.

The anchoragepoint must supportthe force of aperson falling.



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A life line is used

to allow a workerto stay tied offwhile he movesthrough the work

area.



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Workers must

always be tiedoff when workingwith a personalfall arrest system.

Floor Covers


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Floor Covers

The cover must be

marked to makesure everyoneknows it is a safetydevice.

Floor Covers


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oo Co e s

All floor holes

where anemployee couldfall throughmust be covered

or guarded.

Floor Covers


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Sky-lights are

another form offloor holes.

Never sit, stand, or

place any materialson sky-lights.

Floor Covers


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Pier holes must beguarded or protected.

Either a guard railsystem or floor holecover can be used.

QUIZ


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Q

You will be presentedwith a specific accidentprevention question totest your understanding

of this material.

Question 1


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Q

While working in the construction

industry, at what height is fall protectionrequired?

A 4 feet

B 10 feetC 6 feet

D 8 feet

Question 1


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While working in the construction

industry, at what height is fall protectionrequired?


C 6 feet

Question 2


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Guardrails are designed to protect you

from falling. The top rail must beinches high and be able to withstandpounds of force.

A 42 / 300

B 36 / 300

C 42 / 200

D 36 / 200

Question 2


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Guardrails are designed to protect you

from falling. The top rail must beinches high and be able to withstandpounds of force.


C 42 / 200

Question 3


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Guardrails can be made of wood or steel

cables. When using steel cables the cableclamps must be placed:

A In alternating directionsB With the U-bolt on the dead end of the cable

C With the saddle on the dead end of the cable

D None of the above, clamps are not required

Question 3


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Guardrails can be made of wood or steal

cables. When using steal cables the cableclamps must be placed:


B With the U-bolt on the dead end of thecable

Question 4


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When inspecting a harness before using

it, you should look for the following:

A Cuts/Abrasions

B BurnsC Other visible damage

D All the above

Question 4


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When inspecting a harness before using

it, you should look for the following:


D All the above

Question 5


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Floor holes can include which of the

following:

A Pier holes, skylights and stair openings

B Pier holes, skylights and window openings

C Skylights, stair openings and doorways

D Skylights, stair openings and open sided floors

Question 5


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Floor holes can include which of the

following:


A Pier holes, skylights and stair openings

Disclaimer/Usage Notes


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Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not incompliance with applicable OSHA requirements.

It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-basedtraining in this presentation, the intent is more to address hazardawareness in the construction industry, and to recognize the overlappinghazards present in many construction workplaces.

It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, orrecommendations contained herein constitute a thorough review of theapplicable standards, nor should discussion ofissuesor concernsbeconstrued as a prioritization of hazards or possible controls. Where opinions(best practices) have been expressed, it is important to remember thatsafety issues in general and construction jobsites specifically will require agreat deal of site - or hazard-specificity - a one size fits allapproach isnot recommended, nor will it likely be very effective.

It is assumed that individuals using this presentation, or content, toaugment their training programs will be qualifiedto do so, and that saidpresenters will be otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems,and discuss issues with their audiences.

Disclaimer/Usage Notes


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No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, norto the exact methods of recommendation to be taken. It is understood thatsite conditions vary constantly, and that the developers of this contentcannot be held responsible for safety problems they did not address orcould not anticipate, nor those which have been discussed herein or duringphysical presentation. It is the responsibility of each employer contractorand their employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations inthe jurisdiction in which they work. Copies of all OSHA regulations are

available form your local OSHA office. This presentation is intended todiscuss Federal Regulations only your individual State requirements maybe more stringent.

As a presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potentialissues/concerns, or problems inherent in those photos particularly.

Big Four


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Big Four

Construction Hazards:

Fall Hazards

This concludes the

Fall Hazards Module

THE END

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