Fallacies Learning Targets: I can identify logical fallacies when they are committed. I can...
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Transcript of Fallacies Learning Targets: I can identify logical fallacies when they are committed. I can...
FallaciesLearning Targets: • I can identify logical fallacies when they are
committed. • I can recognize why reasoning is fallacious.• I can avoid logical fallacies in my own writing and
debating.
Scare Tactics
•Arguments that use legitimate fears to incite panic or prejudice.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5zWB4dLYChM
Either-Or Choices/False Dilemma/Bifurcation
• Arguments that reduce the options for action to only two choices.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=7gw8WuATIRY
Slippery Slope
• Arguments that exaggerate the likely consequences of an action, usually to frighten readers/listeners.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5v-JuG6YMqI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=74eDQ1a5G8k
Sentimental Appeals
• Arguments that use tender emotions excessively to distract readers from facts.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=AMpZ0TGjbWE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=xwndLOKQTDs
Bandwagon Appeal
• Arguments that urge people to follow the same path everyone else is taking.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=MEGUDMgaVfM
Appeals to False Authority
• Arguments that draw on the authority of widely respected people, institutions, and texts.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=9_YneSM0ItA
Dogmatism
• Implies that there is only one side to an argument.• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JI
WETHeK46M
Hasty Generalization
• An argument that draws inference from insufficient evidence. Stereotypes often arise from this fallacy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pem_FwggPsM
Faulty Causality/Post Hoc
• An argument that assumes that because one event or action follows another, the first necessarily causes the second.
http://youtu.be/eVgT-vZLK6Q
Red Herring
• An argument in which an irrelevant topic is presented in order to divert attention from the original issue.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6VmYOFGpbM
Begging the Question
• A form of circular reasoning, divorced from reality. An assumption that the conclusion is true, even if the premises do not offer evidence of that conclusion.
Example: Santa Claushttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CVbku6nxhU&feature=em-share_video_user
Non Sequitur
• An argument in which claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically; one point does not follow from another.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=t68MYEXwsk0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=jBjBFSBLdp0
Faulty/False Analogy
• An inaccurate or inconsequential comparison between objects or concepts; elaborate comparison of two things which are two dissimilar.
Example: Making people register their own guns is like the Nazis making the Jews register with their government. This policy is crazy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-Oh-xZskRM
*Swiss Army knife of cameras
The Straw Man
• Chooses to refute arguments that go beyond the opposition’s claims; when a person simply ignores a person’s actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of that position.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrN5AHUKx-w&feature=em-share_video_user