Fallacies
description
Transcript of Fallacies
![Page 1: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fallacies
![Page 2: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Stereotyping
• A type of overgeneralization. • Stereotypes are broad statements about
people on the basis of their gender, ethnicity, race, political, social, professional, or religious group.
![Page 3: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Personal Attack / “Ad Hominem”
• An attempt to discredit an idea by attacking the person or group associated with it.
• Candidates often engage in name-calling during political campaigns.
![Page 4: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bandwagon
• Suggests that a person should believe or do something because “everyone else” does.
• In this fallacy, a threat of rejection by one's peers (or peer pressure) is substituted for evidence in an "argument."
![Page 5: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Appeal to pity, vanity or fear• Uses strong feeling, rather than facts, to persuade
• Example:You don't know what it is like to lose a child. My son was murdered when he was still so very young - he never really had a chance to live and enjoy life. There are so many things he will now miss out on which he should have had a chance to experience. Well, I think that his killer should be executed. If you don't agree, then you don't really sympathize with my position.
![Page 6: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Circular Reasoning
• Supporting a statement by simply repeating it in different words
• Not providing any real evidence or reason
![Page 7: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Either-Or
• suggesting that there are only two choices available in a situation that really offers more than two options.
![Page 8: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Oversimplification / “Straw Man”
• An explanation of a complex situation or problem as if it were much simpler than it is.
![Page 9: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Non Sequitur
• A statement that uses irrelevant “proof” to support a claim.
• Latin for "it does not follow"• A non sequitur is sometimes used to win an
argument by diverting the reader’s attention to proof that can’t be challenged.
![Page 10: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Non sequitur Example
“God is love." "Love is blind." "Ray Charles is blind."
"Therefore, Ray Charles is God.”
![Page 11: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Glittering Generality
• Makes a generalization that includes a word or phrase with positive connotations, such as freedom and honor or tasty or sensational, to promote a product or idea.
![Page 13: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Snob Appeal
• Taps into people’s desire to be special or part of an elite group (status, wealth, superiority).
![Page 14: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Which fallacy is this?
• Green Peace's strategies aren't effective because they are all dirty, lazy hippies.
• Ad hominem
• We can either stop using cars or destroy the earth.
• Either / or
![Page 16: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• George Bush is a good communicator because he speaks effectively.
• Circular Reasoning
• People who don't support the proposed state minimum wage increase hate the poor.
• Strawman / Oversimplification
![Page 17: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Circular Reasoning
![Page 18: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• “Pure, fresh, mountain spring water. Bottled especially for you in Utah from only our purest mountain springs.”
• Glittering Generality
• "Millions of Americans use Bayer aspirin”• Bandwagon
![Page 19: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• "Mitsubishi is the fastest growing car maker.“• Bandwagon
• Why own a Chevy when you can have a Lexus?• Snob Appeal
![Page 20: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• "Secure, safe and stable. That's the advantage of a Subaru. No other car on the road is as reliable."
• Glittering Generality
![Page 21: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• "George W. Bush will renew America's promise and fight for freedom here and abroad.“
• Glittering Generality
• "No wonder six million customers purchased our product last year,“
• Bandwagon
![Page 22: Fallacies](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070422/568165b3550346895dd8ad37/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=188005 -