FALL PROTECTION STEEL ERECTION - … & Checklist! 10 ... A STEEL ERECTION CONTRACTOR SHALL NOT ERECT...

1 NAVFAC ATLANTIC MAY 2007

Revised 1/03

FALL PROTECTION&

STEEL ERECTION SAFETY


FALL PROTECTION & STEEL ERECTION

•Steel erection fatalities 3 year period ( 142 )

•83 falls/trips

•25 hit by object

•12 electrocution

•6 x-mas Tree Lift

•10 collapse steel

•6 lack of railing


STEEL ERECTION MOST COMMON VIOLATIONS

NO PROTECTION FORCONNECTOR/BOLTER/DECKER

WORKERS DON’T WANT PFAS(Attitude)

NO TAGLINES

SINGLE BOLT METHOD USED


STEEL ERECTION SAFETY CHANGES

See Pages 32 & 33 for Major OSHA changes

Changes by OSHAresulted in majorchanges by COE

Some COE changeschanges are MORESTRINGENT


STEEL ERECTION DEFINITION

PROJECT/STRUCTURAL ENGINEER OF RECORD:

REGISTERED, LICENSED PROFESSIONAL

RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL

STEEL FRAMING AND WHOSE SEAL APPEARS

ON THE DESIGN CONTRACT DOCUMENTS.

THE A/E FOR THE PROJECT.

Who designed this???

Let’s check the design.


Controlling Contractor: A prime contractor,general contractor, construction manager or any other legal entity that has the overallResponsibility for the construction of theproject—its planning, quality and completion.

Erection Bridging: The bolteddiagonal members that is required to beinstalled prior to releasing the hoisting cables from the steel joists.

DEFINITIONS

See pages 39-42 for Steel Erection many Steel Erection Definitions


CHRISTMAS TREE LIFTING: Rigging assembly thatallows for the attachment of multiple loads to be hoistedby a crane at one time.

CONNECTOR: an employee who, working with hoistingequipment, is placing and connecting structural membersand/or components.

CONTROLLED DECKING ZONE: An area where certain work(installation and placement of metal decking) may take placeWithout the use of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest orFall restraint systems, of a safety net system where access to theZone is controlled.

COE Appendix “Q” Definitions

Definitions


Qualified Person: One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who has extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.

Competent Person: One who is capable of identifyingexisting and predictable hazards in the surrounding working environment, or working conditions that aredangerous to personnel and who has the authorityto take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

DEFINITIONS


SECTION 27 E.PRIOR TO BEGINNING THE ERECTION OF ANY STRUCTURAL STEEL,

A STEEL ERECTION PLAN SHALL BE SUBMITTED TO THE GDA FOR REVIEW AND ACCEPTANCE.

STRUCTURAL STEEL ASSEMBLY

Hey! Pages 34 – 38 has anExcellent Site Specific ErectionPlan & Checklist!


STRUCTURAL STEEL ERECTION PLANSequence of erection developed in coordination with controlling contractorMaterial deliveries, staging and storing.Coordination with other trades, site preparation activitiesPath for overhead loads, critical lifts including rigging and equipmentDescription of steel erection including:

Stability, anchor, column placement, connection, bridgingdecking, ornamental and miscellaneous iron.

Description of Fall Protection procedures to be followedLists (names) of qualified and competent personsCertification of training for each person involved in steel erection Description of procedures for EMERGENCY RESPONSE

Signed and dated: QUALIFIED PERSON DEVELOPING THE PLAN

NOTE: OSHA SUGGESTS A STEEL ERECTION PLAN, COE REQUIRES IT!Section 27.E.01


Written NotificationsBEFORE AUTHORIZING THE COMMENCEMENT OF STEEL ERECTION, THE CONTROLLING CONTRACTOR SHALL ENSURE THAT THE STEEL ERECTOR IS PROVIDED WITH THE FOLLOWING WRITTEN NOTIFICATIONS:

A. CONCRETE HAS ATTAINED AT 75% STRENGTH

B. ANY REPAIRS, REPLACEMENTS, AND MODIFICATIONS TO THE

ANCHOR BOLTS WERE CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH

SPEC’S AND/OR THE DESIGN ENGINEER.

C. A STEEL ERECTION CONTRACTOR SHALL NOT ERECT STEEL

UNLESS IT HAS RECEIVED WRITTEN NOTIFICATION

D. BOTH CONTRACTORS WILL KEEP A COPY OF THIS WRITTEN

NOTIFICATION ON-SITE27.E.04


SITE LAYOUTThe controlling contractor (Prime) shall insure the following is provided and maintained:a. Adequate access roads into and through the site.b. A firm, properly graded, drained area readily accessible to the work with adequate space for the safe storage of materials and the safe operation of the erector’s equipment.c. Pre-planning of overhead hoisting operations. All hoisting operations in steel erection shall be pre-planned.* Use Preparatory Meetings to ensure this is done!!!


Steel Erection Activities1.Hoisting, laying out, placing, connecting,

burning, guying, bracing, bolting, plumbing

and rigging structural steel/metal buildings

2. Installing metal decking, curtain walls,window walls, siding systems, miscellaneous

metals, ornamental iron, and similar

materials

3. Moving point-to-point while while preformingthese activities (Expanded list on 27.E.03)


STRUCTURAL STEEL SAFETY

1. Erection, anchoring and plumbing of columns2. Bolting, Welding and Bracing Structural Steel3. Multi-Story Erection & Decking Procedures4. Metal Decking Installation Procedures5. Walking and Working Surface Safety6. Open-web Joist installation Procedures

27.E.14

Break TimeIs Over!!!


STRUCTURAL STABILITY

a. Structural stability shall be maintained at all times during the erection process.

b. The permanent floors shall be installed as theerection of structural members progress

c. At no time shall there be more than 4 floors or 48 ft, whichever is less, of unfinished boltingor welding above the foundation.

d. A fully planked or decked floor or nets shall bemaintained within 2 stories or 30 ft, whicheveris less, directly under any erection work being performed



Plumbing Columns

18 NAVFAC ATLANTIC


MAY 2007

AND THE WIND BLEW….Hadnot PointExchange Gas Station.Storm blew in onemorning, wooden trusseshad no lateral crossbracing. Most camedown. One worker rodetruss down and sufferedserious injuries.

SOI Classroom-CampGeigerSteel framing had no lateral cross bracing, straight linewinds warped most of building. Luckily, No injuries.

Consolidated Academic Construction FacilityTall masonry walls were not braced at all.Straight-line winds brought several wallsand a second floor down. One man wasvery seriously injured

BOTTOM LINE:WIND CAN DAMAGE! MAKE YOUR CONTRACTORS PROVIDE PROPERAND ADEQUATE BRACING WHERE REQUIRED!


Column Anchorage

1. All columns shall be anchored by a minimum of 4 anchor rods (anchor bolts)

2. Columns shall be set on level finished floors, pre- grouted leveling plates, leveling nuts, or shim packs that are adequate to transfer construction loads

3. All columns shall be evaluated by a competent person to determine whether guying or bracing is needed; if guying or bracing is needed, it shall be installed

Note* Verify competent person at Preparatory Meeting


Column anchored by 4 bolts

4 Bolts


Column Anchorage

Anchor bolts shall not be repaired, replaced, or field-modified without the approval of the project structural engineer of record.

27.E.19 b (1)


PLUMBING UP STRUCTURES

27.E.15 dPage 552

Competent person determines plumbing is to be installed If required to be in place prior to structure is loaded

With joists, decking, materialsREMOVED ONLY WITH COMPETENT PERSON APPROVAL


STRUCTURAL STEEL

Wide Flanged Beams, “I” Beams, “H” BeamsChannel Iron, Angle Iron, etc.

SOLID WEB BEAMS SHOWN


MINIMUM 2 BOLT CONNECTIONS BEFORE RELEASING HOIST LINE

SINGLE BOLT ON EACH END ON SAMESIDE CAN RESULT IN SERIOUS FALLS

2 boltsAt each endMinimum!

Placement of solidweb structures to haveat least 2 bolts perconnection pointwrench tight 27.E.20


DOUBLE CONNECTIONSWhen two structural members on opposite sides of a column web or beam web over a column are connected sharing common connection holes, at least one bolt with its wrench-tight nut shall remain connected to the first member unless a shop- attached or field-attached seat or equivalent connection device is supplied with the member to secure the first member and prevent the column from being displaced. See Page 43 in you

Student Binder DoubleWhat?


OLD DOUBLE CONNECTION AT COLUMNAND TWO BEAMS


SAME DOUBLE CONNECTION OPPOSITE SIDE OF COLUMN


Clipped end connections are connection material on the end of a structural member which has a notch at the bottom and/or top to allow the bolt(s) of the first member placed on the opposite side of the central member to remain in place. The notch(es) fits around the nut or bolt head of the opposing member to allow the second member to be bolted up without removing the bolt(s) holding the first member. See Page #43 in the student binder

New/approved double connection at column


Staggered connections are connection material on a structural member in which all of the bolt holes in the common member web are not shared by the two incoming members in the final connection. The extra hole in the column web allows the erector to maintain at least a one bolt connection at all times while making the double connection.[66 FR 5279, Jan. 18, 2001]

New/approved double connection at column


Minimum of 1 bolt connection is requiredFor diagonal bracing 27.E. 21


MULTI-STORY ERECTION PROCEDURES

STRUCTURAL STABILITY SHALL BE MAINTAINED AT ALL TIMES DURING THE ERECTION PROCESS.

THE PERMANENT FLOORS SHALL BE INSTALLED AS THE ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS PROGRESS

AT NO TIME SHALL THERE BE MORE THAN 4 FLOORS OR 48 FT, WHICHEVER IS LESS, OF UNFINISHED BOLTING

OR WELDING ABOVE THE FOUNDATION.

A FULLY PLANKED OR DECKED FLOOR OR NETS SHALL BE MAINTAINED WITHIN 2 STORIES OR 30 FT, WHICHEVER IS LESS, DIRECTLY UNDER ANY ERECTIONWORK BEING PERFORMED


STEEL ERECTION FALL PROTECTION

Connectors require fall protection whenworking 6 feet above lower level.

OSHA ALLOWSCONNECTORS TOWORK A HEIGHT OF30 FEET BEFORE FALL PROTECTED!


METAL DECKINGHoisting, Landing, and Placing of metal decking bundles

1. Bundle packaging and strapping shall not be used for hoisting.

2. Loose items (materials shall be secured to bundles)

3. The weight of a bundle shall comply with 27.E 29

4. No bundle shall be placed on steel joists until all bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist bearing ends attached, unless all of the following conditions have been met:

a. The employer has first determined form a qualified person that the structure is capable of supporting the load.

b. The bundle is placed on a minimum of three steel joists.

c. The joists supporting the bundle of decking are attached at both ends cont


METAL DECKINGHoisting, Landing, and Placing of metal decking bundles

d. At least one row of bridging is installed and anchored.

e. The total weight of of the bundle of decking does not exceed 4,000 pounds and

f. The edge of the construction load shall be placed within 1 foot (0.3m) of the bearing surface of the joist end.Not deck of cards!!!Metal Decking!


A gap or void that is more than 2 inches in its least dimension and less than 12 inches in its greatest dimension in a floor, roof or other walking/working surface. Note: Pre-engineered holes in cellular decking(for wires, cables, etc.) are not included in this definition.

OPENINGA gap or void 12 in (30.5 cm) or more in its least dimension in a floor, roof, or other walking/working surface. Skylights and smoke domes that do not meet the strength requirements of 29 CFR 1926.754 (e) (3) shall be regarded as openings

DECKING HOLE


OBVIOUSDECKING OPENING!!!

Section 27.E.15 e (6) (b) Section 27.E.15 e (6) (b)

VIOLATION


Roof Holes and Openings

Framed openings have theStructural members turned down

Openings decked over or employeesProtected from falls. (guard rails).

Holes not cut until ready to receiveThe permanent equipment. 27.E.15

Coverings capable of supporting 2 times imposed loadSecured to prevent accidental displacement and paintedWith high visibility paint marked “HOLE” or “COVER”27.E. 16


An area in which certain work,(for example the initial installation andplacement of the metal decking) may takeplace without the use of guardrail systems,personal fall arrest systems, fall restraintsystems, or safety net systems and wherethe access to the zone is controlled Note: Controlled Decking Zones are not permitted 27. F. 05 Page 568

CONTROLLED DECKING ZONE (CDZ)


Controlled Decking Zone

CONTROLLED DECKING ZONES NOT ALLOWED BY COE27.F.05


WALKING/WORKING SURFACES

b. Slip resistant metal decking c. Slip resistance of skeletal structural steel

Workers shall not be permitted to walk the top surface of any structural steel member that has been coated with paint or similar material unless certified that coating has minimum slip resistance of 0.50 as measured with an English XL tribometer or equivalent.Results shall be available on site and to steel erector.

27.E.15 Page 551


•Standard Test Method for Using a Portable Inclinable Articulated Strut Slip Tester

The number one preventable workplace loss type is slip falling accidents, and the ENGLISH XL is the ultimate safety engineering tool to help you select more slip-resistant walking surfaces. Laboratory and On Site Testing facilities The ENGLISH XL Variable Incidence Tribometer (VIT) is used for all our Laboratory and on Site Testing in accordance with ASTM F1679-02, under wet and dry conditions. The most prominent standards making body regarding slip resistance is the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

The XL mimics many of the biomechanical parameters of the human gait, unlike traditional slipmeters that tend to give misleading results in the presence of real- world environmental contaminants, due to disabling sticktion, a phenomenon arising from dragsled meters and others having residence time before the dynamics are applied. The XL was designed to do pretty much what the human foot does in ambulation and incorporates an unprecedented number of ergonomic parameters.

http://www.englishxl.com/xl.html


SHEER CONNECTOR

A headed steel stud, steel bars,steel lugs, and similar devices whichare attached to a structural memberfor the purpose of achieving composite action with concrete

Must be installed after metal decking isInstalled to eliminate tripping hazards.

27.E.15

LookoutBelow!


SHEER CONNECTOR


OPEN WEB ROOF JOISTS

Brrrr.Windy UpHere!


An open web, secondary load-carrying member of 144 feet or less in length,designed by the manufacturer, used for the support of floors and roofs.This does not include structural steeltrusses or cold formed joists.

STEEL JOIST


“K” & “KCS”Spans to 60 feet.

LH, Long Spans25 to 90 feet long

DLH, Deep Long spans up to 144 Feet long

OPEN WEB JOISTS TYPES

This “K” standsFor Knight and IGot yours!!


OPEN WEB JOIST SAFETY

Supporting structure to be stable before theplacement of open web joists

Must be secured when they are landed

No modification to joists without theApproval of engineer of record.

27.E. 25, e, f, g.

What Sale?


OPEN WEB JOIST SAFETY

1. Length & depth of joist determines: Connection method.a. Bolted/Weldedb. Seat location top/bottom cordc. Where and if bridging is needed

Method of Erectiona. Individuallyb. Pairb. Bundledc. Panel Erection method


COMMON TO ALL TYPES OF OPEN WEB JOISTS

Not to be placed on any support structure unless structure is stabilized

Must be secured after landed to preventunintentional movement prior to installing

No modifications without engineer ofrecord approval


Bridging between open web joists


PERIMETER COLUMNS

1. Perimeter columns shall extend a minimum of 48“ above the finished floor to permit installation of perimeter safety cables prior to erection of the next tier, except where constructibility does not allow.

2. The perimeter columns have holes or other devices in or attached to perimeter columns to permit installation of perimeter safety cable.


HORIZONTAL LIFELINE: A componentof a horizontal lifeline system, whichconsists of a flexible line with connectorsor other coupling means at both ends forsecuring it horizontally between 2anchorage connectors. (Also can be calleda perimeter safety cables)Minimum size is ¼” flagged every 6 feet.


Horizontal Lifeline (Parimeter Safety Cables)


PERIMETER SAFETY CABLESAS A STANDARD GUARDRAIL

Top or Mid-Rails of wire rope to betensioned to provide not more than 3”deflection in any direction with a 200lb. load, posts not more than 8 feetapart, wire rope flagged at distancesnot greater than 6 feet apart with ahigh-visibility material (21.B. 05 C)

Note: Wire Rope minimum diameter is ¼”1926.502 (b)(9)

I am theCompetentPerson here!


CABLE CLAMP

3 MAJOR PARTS1. NUTS2. “U” BOLT3. SADDLENEVER SADDLE ADEAD HORSE!!!

Never putA saddle onME!


CABLE CLAMPSMINIMUM NUMBERIS ALWAYS 3

SPACING EQUALCABLE DIAMETERTIMES 6

NEVER USED TOSPLICE WIRE ROPE

15 B. 08 See Table15-1 on page282 COE


WIRE ROPE CLIP REQUIREMENTS

COE Section 15.BFigure 15-1 &Table 15-1Page 281 & 282Figure 15-2 showscorrect installation

Note: Never used toSplice wire rope!15.B.08


CHRISTMAS TREE LIFTINGIS STRICTLY PROHIBITED!!

COE RIGGINGSECTION 15

15.A.08Page 280

MULTIPLE LIFT RIGGING

Note: OSHA 1926 ALLOWSTHEREFORE INSURE CONTRACTOR

ADVISED COE PROHIBITS THIS


Multiple Lift Rigging


FALL PROTECTION STEEL ERECTION WORK

Guardrail System** (Section 21 B)Safety Net System (Section 21.C)Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS)Fall Restraint SystemFall work positioning system

** Perimeter Safety Cables must meet theCriteria for Standard Guardrail Systems

**MORE THAN 6 FEET ABOVE WALK/WORK SURFACE

**OSHA ALLOWS CONNECTORS TO WORK UP TO 30 FEET WITHOUT FALL PROTECTION.


100% FALL PROTECTION?

DOUBLE LANYARDSYSTEM

COE 21.C.05 Pg. 417

Double Ears Too!Double Ears Too!


Section 16 and Appendix “F”,“G”, “H” and “I” (Cranes) APPENDIX Q Qualified Person15.A.05 Positive latch required21.G.01 Crane lifting of personnelprohibited-very restricted use. Working under loads not allowed!15.A.08 X-mas tree lift not allowed

REMINDERS


FALLING OBJECT PROTECTION

Must secure loose items aloft

Controlling contractor bar other workers from working below steelerection unless overhead protectionis required.

27.F.02


Overhead protection for this worker

Hey you!Bring back my lunch!


TRAINING1. Provided only by a qualified person2. Fall hazard training for all personnel:

a. Recognition and Identification offall hazards in the work area.b. Use of conventional fall protectionsystems, positioning device systems, fall restraint systems, and other systemsc. Procedures for erecting,

maintaining, and disassembling in inspecting of all fall protection systems to be used. 27 F 10, 11 & 12


STEEL ERECTION QUESTIONWhat is the mostcited violation contractor’s receive in regardto failure to followsafety rules?

It is spelledL A N Y A R D


STEEL ERECTION QUESTION

CAN YOU NAME AT LEAST 3 STEEL ERECTIONPROCEDURES ALLOWED BY OSHA THAT ARESTRICTLY PROHIBITED BY COE??? (Hints Below)

CONNECTOR

Steel Erection Plan

CDZMultiple Lifts

FALL PROTECTION STEEL ERECTION - … & Checklist! 10 ... A STEEL ERECTION CONTRACTOR SHALL NOT ERECT...

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