Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem...
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![Page 1: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification
September 5, 2011
Lecture 2“Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification:
Potential Direct and Indirect Effects
Some of this lecture obtained from http://aslo.org/lectures/11_005/11_005_rfeely_sdoney.html
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Outline
• Physiological processes– Different types– Acclimation and adaptation
• Ecosystem-level effects– Ecosystem concepts– Different types – Biodiversity & regime shifts
• Types of studies, experiments
![Page 3: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Physiological Processes
• Calcification• Photosynthesis• Hypercapnia (too much CO2 in blood)
• Nutrient uptake and limitation• Reduced gene expression• Sensory perception
![Page 4: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Physiological Processes
• Calcification• Photosynthesis• Hypercapnia (too much CO2 in blood)
• Nutrient uptake and limitation• Reduced gene expression• Sensory perception
![Page 9: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Photosynthesis
• Two different species of algae
• OA could lead to shifts in algal species composition
![Page 10: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Physiological Processes
• Calcification• Photosynthesis• Hypercapnia (too much CO2 in blood)
• Nutrient uptake and limitation• Reduced gene expression• Sensory perception
![Page 11: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sensory perception
![Page 12: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Outline
• Physiological processes– Different types– Acclimation and adaptation
• Ecosystem-level effects– Ecosystem concepts– Different types – Biodiversity & regime shifts
• Types of studies, experiments
![Page 13: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Acclimation means the ability of an organism to change its phenotype, or expressed trait so that it can survive in an environment as it changes.
Adaptation means the ability of a population of organisms to change its genotype, or its genes in the DNA, over successive generations (evolution).
- generation times are important- genetic diversity is important
![Page 14: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Example of possible acclimationB
yrne et al. 2011, Mar. B
iol.
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Outline
• Physiological processes– Different types– Acclimation and adaptation
• Ecosystem-level effects– Ecosystem concepts– Different types – Biodiversity & regime shifts
• Types of studies, experiments
![Page 16: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ecosystem
• Definition: A spatial explicit unit of Earth where living things and the environment interact
• Perturbations (like ocean acidification) can have various direct and indirect effects:– Shifts in species composition and trophic cascade (food
web) effects– Temporal and spatial shifts in ecosystem functions– All of these can change the structure, energy flow, and
other functions of the ecosystem => regime shift
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Different Types of Ecosystems Likely to be Affected by OA
• Tropical coral reefs• Pelagic ecosystems (pelagic = open water)• Coastal/ benthic (benthic = bottom substrate)• Deep sea• High latitude
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Regime shifts
Kroeker et al. 2011 PNAS
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Outline
• Physiological processes– Different types– Acclimation and adaptation
• Ecosystem-level effects– Ecosystem concepts– Different types – Biodiversity & regime shifts
• Types of studies, experiments
![Page 25: Fall 2011 Writing 20:Ocean Acidification September 5, 2011 Lecture 2 “Physiological and Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification: Potential Direct and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f045503460f94c1805d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
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http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification
http://www.whoi.edu/OCB-OA/FAQs/
http://oceanacidification.wordpress.com/
http://www.us-ocb.org/publications/OCB_OA_rept.pdf
http://www.whoi.edu/sites/OceanAcidificationMeeting
http://tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/22_4.html