Fairy Tales Around the World

Introduction

Fairy tales are ______________________ either created or strongly influenced

by _________________________. Their plots feature stark ________________

between ________________________________, with magic and luck

determining the usually _________________________. While each culture and

geographic region of the world has its own body of folk tales and fairy tales that it

considers "____________________," certain _________________and

________________ tend to be repeated across many cultures and time periods.

Universal human emotions such as ___________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

appear in bold, broad strokes on the canvas of fairy tales.

Because of the worldwide ___________________ (the state of being everywhere at

once (or seeming to be everywhere at once) of fairy tales, their imagery and tropes have had a vast impact on many different forms of literature. The elements and echoes of fairy tales are alive in _____ _____________________________________________for all ages. Reading and learning to understand fairy tales can help better ______________________the structures of literature as well as for the sake of the ____________, _______________, and __________ _____________________ these stories can provide in their own right.

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Questions for you to think about:

What is a fairy tale?

What are some special characteristics of fairy tales?

What kinds of plots, characters, and settings do we expect to find in these stories?

What makes each fairy tale unique?

Why are fairy tales so prevalent as a form of storytelling throughout the world?

How have illustrations been used to make fairy tales more enjoyable?

A Note and a Warning about "Original Versions" of Fairy Tales:

_____________________________. Most of the European fairy tales in

publication today for children are based on the stories collected by the Germans

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in the 19th century. Their collection, Kinder und

Hausmarchen, contains 277 stories that they transcribed from oral storytellers

and re-wrote for publication. Because theirs is the best known and one of the

earliest collections of stories taken from oral storytellers, it has the reputation as

being the source of the "original version" of the stories most often retold in

illustrated books and films.

In fact, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm collected their stories not from peasants living

in the countryside, but from ________________________________________

______________________________________________________. The Grimm

brothers published five editions of the Kinder und Hausmarchen, revising each

new edition to create more polished literary stories. Besides adding colorful

_______________, _________________, and ____________________, the

Grimms eliminated ______________________ and added ________________

_____________________________to many of the stories in order to make them

(as they deemed) more ____________________________________________.

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An additional complication relating to origins of fairy tales is the phenomenon of

the literary fairy tale-a story based on magical elements and characters written by

a single identifiable author. The literary fairy tale came into popularity in France

and Italy during the 17th century, where it was a kind of sophisticated parlor

game for adults in aristocratic society. Many of the literary tales were influenced

by, and in turn, influenced the oral tales. For example, the version of Beauty and

the Beast that is best known today was created as a literary tale by Mme.

Leprince De Beaumont in 1757.

Introducing and Defining the Fairy Tale

1. Sing a poplular jump rope rhyme2. Say a counting rhyme

How did you know it?

What does the word “retold” mean?

Some fairy tale books "cheat" by NOT including the word "retold."

What is the definition of a fairy tale?

RESOURCES:

Examples of "Cinderella" Tale Type on the Web:

From the website Dr. D. L. Ashliman's Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts web site, click on the link to "Cinderella" tale types. From there, you have many choices of full text versions of "Cinderella" tale types from throughout the world. Some good choices might include:

Baba Yaga (Russia)

The Cinder Maid (reconstructed from various European sources by Joseph Jacobs)

Rashin Coatie (Scotland)

Conkiajgharuna, the Little Rag Girl (Georgia)

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Examples of "Cinderella" Tale Type in Book Form:

Knight, Hilary. Cinderella. New York: Random House, 1978, 2001.

Pollock, Penny. The Turkey Girl. Boston: Little, Brown, c1996.

Steptoe, John, 1950. Mufaro'sBeautiful Daughters. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books, c1987.

Climo, Shirley. The Korean Cinderella. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993.

Examples of "Fisherman and His Wife" Tale Type on the Web:

From the website Dr. D. L. Ashliman's_Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts web site, click on the link to "Fisherman and His Wife" tale types. From there, you have several choices of full text versions of "Fisherman and His Wife" versions. Some good choices might include:

The Stonecutter (Japan)

Hanns Dudeldee (Germany)

Examples of "Fisherman and His Wife" Tale Type in Book Form:

Wells, Rosemary. The Fisherman and His Wife. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers, c1998.

Polacco, Patricia. Luba and the Wren. New York: Philomel Books, c1999.

Examples of "Jack and the Beanstalk" Tale Type on the Web:

From the website Dr. D. L. Ashliman's_Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts web site, click on the link "Jack and the Beanstalk" tale types. From there, you have several choices of full text versions of "Jack and the Beanstalk" versions: One good choices might include:

Jack and the Beanstalk as told by Joseph Jacobs

Examples of "Jack and the Beanstalk" Tale Type in Book Form:

Beneduce, Ann. Jack and the Beanstalk. New York: Philomel Books, c1999.

Walker, Richard. Jack and the Beanstalk, New York: Barefoot Books, c1999.

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Little Red Riding Hood

Charles Perrault

Once upon a time there lived in a certain village a little country girl, the prettiest creature who was ever seen. Her mother was excessively fond of her; and her grandmother doted on her still more. This good woman had a little red riding hood made for her. It suited the girl so extremely well that everybody called her Little Red Riding Hood.

One day her mother, having made some cakes, said to her, "Go, my dear, and see how your grandmother is doing, for I hear she has been very ill. Take her a cake, and this little pot of butter."

Little Red Riding Hood set out immediately to go to her grandmother, who lived in another village.

As she was going through the wood, she met with a wolf, who had a very great mind to eat her up, but he dared not, because of some woodcutters working nearby in the forest. He asked her where she was going. The poor child, who did not know that it was dangerous to stay and talk to a wolf, said to him, "I am going to see my grandmother and carry her a cake and a little pot of butter from my mother."

"Does she live far off?" said the wolf

"Oh I say," answered Little Red Riding Hood; "it is beyond that mill you see there, at the first house in the village."

"Well," said the wolf, "and I'll go and see her too. I'll go this way and go you that, and we shall see who will be there first."

The wolf ran as fast as he could, taking the shortest path, and the little girl took a roundabout way, entertaining herself by gathering nuts, running after butterflies, and gathering bouquets of little flowers. It was not long before the wolf arrived at the old woman's house. He knocked at the door: tap, tap.

"Who's there?"

"Your grandchild, Little Red Riding Hood," replied the wolf, counterfeiting her voice; "who has brought you a cake and a little pot of butter sent you by mother."

The good grandmother, who was in bed, because she was somewhat ill, cried out, "Pull the bobbin, and the latch will go up."

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The wolf pulled the bobbin, and the door opened, and then he immediately fell upon the good woman and ate her up in a moment, for it been more than three days since he had eaten. He then shut the door and got into the grandmother's bed, expecting Little Red Riding Hood, who came some time afterwards and knocked at the door: tap, tap.

"Who's there?"

Little Red Riding Hood, hearing the big voice of the wolf, was at first afraid; but believing her grandmother had a cold and was hoarse, answered, "It is your grandchild Little Red Riding Hood, who has brought you a cake and a little pot of butter mother sends you."

The wolf cried out to her, softening his voice as much as he could, "Pull the bobbin, and the latch will go up."

Little Red Riding Hood pulled the bobbin, and the door opened.

The wolf, seeing her come in, said to her, hiding himself under the bedclothes, "Put the cake and the little pot of butter upon the stool, and come get into bed with me."

Little Red Riding Hood took off her clothes and got into bed. She was greatly amazed to see how her grandmother looked in her nightclothes, and said to her, "Grandmother, what big arms you have!"

"All the better to hug you with, my dear."

"Grandmother, what big legs you have!"

"All the better to run with, my child."

"Grandmother, what big ears you have!"

"All the better to hear with, my child."

"Grandmother, what big eyes you have!"

"All the better to see with, my child."

"Grandmother, what big teeth you have got!"

"All the better to eat you up with."

And, saying these words, this wicked wolf fell upon Little Red Riding Hood, and ate her all up.

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Moral: Children, especially attractive, well bred young ladies, should never talk to strangers, for if they should do so, they may well provide dinner for a wolf. I say "wolf," but there are various kinds of wolves. There are also those who are charming, quiet, polite, unassuming, complacent, and sweet, who pursue young women at home and in the streets. And unfortunately, it is these gentle wolves who are the most dangerous ones of all.

Source: Andrew Lang, The Blue Fairy Book (London, ca. 1889), pp. 51-53. Lang's source: Charles Perrault, Histoires ou contes du temps passé, avec des moralités: Contes de ma mère l'Oye (Paris, 1697).

Little Red Cap

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once upon a time there was a sweet little girl. Everyone who saw her liked her, but most of all her grandmother, who did not know what to give the child next. Once she gave her a little cap made of red velvet. Because it suited her so well, and she wanted to wear it all the time, she came to be known as Little Red Cap.

One day her mother said to her, "Come Little Red Cap. Here is a piece of cake and a bottle of wine. Take them to your grandmother. She is sick and weak, and they will do her well. Mind your manners and give her my greetings. Behave yourself on the way, and do not leave the path, or you might fall down and break the glass, and then there will be nothing for your sick grandmother."

Little Red Cap promised to obey her mother. The grandmother lived out in the woods, a half hour from the village. When Little Red Cap entered the woods a wolf came up to her. She did not know what a wicked animal he was, and was not afraid of him.

"Good day to you, Little Red Cap."

"Thank you, wolf."

"Where are you going so early, Little Red Cap?"

"To grandmother's."

"And what are you carrying under your apron?"

"Grandmother is sick and weak, and I am taking her some cake and wine. We baked yesterday, and they should give her strength."

"Little Red Cap, just where does your grandmother live?"

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"Her house is a good quarter hour from here in the woods, under the three large oak trees. There's a hedge of hazel bushes there. You must know the place," said Little Red Cap.

The wolf thought to himself, "Now there is a tasty bite for me. Just how are you going to catch her?" Then he said, "Listen, Little Red Cap, haven't you seen the beautiful flowers that are blossoming in the woods? Why don't you go and take a look? And I don't believe you can hear how beautifully the birds are singing. You are walking along as though you were on your way to school in the village. It is very beautiful in the woods."

Little Red Cap opened her eyes and saw the sunlight breaking through the trees and how the ground was covered with beautiful flowers. She thought, "If a take a bouquet to grandmother, she will be very pleased. Anyway, it is still early, and I'll be home on time." And she ran off into the woods looking for flowers. Each time she picked one she thought that she could see an even more beautiful one a little way off, and she ran after it, going further and further into the woods. But the wolf ran straight to the grandmother's house and knocked on the door.

"Who's there?"

"Little Red Cap. I'm bringing you some cake and wine. Open the door for me."

"Just press the latch," called out the grandmother. "I'm too weak to get up."

The wolf pressed the latch, and the door opened. He stepped inside, went straight to the grandmother's bed, and ate her up. Then he took her clothes, put them on, and put her cap on his head. He got into her bed and pulled the curtains shut.

Little Red Cap had run after flowers, and did not continue on her way to grandmother's until she had gathered all that she could carry. When she arrived, she found, to her surprise, that the door was open. She walked into the parlor, and everything looked so strange that she thought, "Oh, my God, why am I so afraid? I usually like it at grandmother's." Then she went to the bed and pulled back the curtains. Grandmother was lying there with her cap pulled down over her face and looking very strange.

"Oh, grandmother, what big ears you have!"

"All the better to hear you with."

"Oh, grandmother, what big eyes you have!"

"All the better to see you with."

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"Oh, grandmother, what big hands you have!"

"All the better to grab you with!"

"Oh, grandmother, what a horribly big mouth you have!"

"All the better to eat you with!" And with that he jumped out of bed, jumped on top of poor Little Red Cap, and ate her up. As soon as the wolf had finished this tasty bite, he climbed back into bed, fell asleep, and began to snore very loudly.

A huntsman was just passing by. He thought it strange that the old woman was snoring so loudly, so he decided to take a look. He stepped inside, and in the bed there lay the wolf that he had been hunting for such a long time. "He has eaten the grandmother, but perhaps she still can be saved. I won't shoot him," thought the huntsman. So he took a pair of scissors and cut open his belly.

He had cut only a few strokes when he saw the red cap shining through. He cut a little more, and the girl jumped out and cried, "Oh, I was so frightened! It was so dark inside the wolf's body!"

And then the grandmother came out alive as well. Then Little Red Cap fetched some large heavy stones. They filled the wolf's body with them, and when he woke up and tried to run away, the stones were so heavy that he fell down dead.

The three of them were happy. The huntsman took the wolf's pelt. The grandmother ate the cake and drank the wine that Little Red Cap had brought. And Little Red Cap thought to herself, "As long as I live, I will never leave the path and run off into the woods by myself if mother tells me not to."

They also tell how Little Red Cap was taking some baked things to her grandmother another time, when another wolf spoke to her and wanted her to leave the path. But Little Red Cap took care and went straight to grandmother's. She told her that she had seen the wolf, and that he had wished her a good day, but had stared at her in a wicked manner. "If we hadn't been on a public road, he would have eaten me up," she said.

"Come," said the grandmother. "Let's lock the door, so he can't get in."

Soon afterward the wolf knocked on the door and called out, "Open up, grandmother. It's Little Red Cap, and I'm bringing you some baked things."

They remained silent, and did not open the door. The wicked one walked around the house several times, and finally jumped onto the roof. He wanted to wait until Little Red Cap went home that evening, then follow her and eat her up in the

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darkness. But the grandmother saw what he was up to. There was a large stone trough in front of the house.

"Fetch a bucket, Little Red Cap," she said. "Yesterday I cooked some sausage. Carry the water that I boiled them with to the trough." Little Red Cap carried water until the large, large trough was clear full. The smell of sausage arose into the wolf's nose. He sniffed and looked down, stretching his neck so long that he could no longer hold himself, and he began to slide. He slid off the roof, fell into the trough, and drowned. And Little Red Cap returned home happily and safely.

Source: Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st ed. (Berlin, 1812), v. 1, no. 26. Translated by

Little Red Hat

Italy/Austria

Once there was an old woman who had a granddaughter named Little Red Hat. One day they were both in the field when the old woman said, "I am going home now. You come along later and bring me some soup."

After a while Little Red Hat set out for her grandmother's house, and she met an ogre, who said, "Hello, my dear Little Red Hat. Where are you going?"

"I am going to my grandmother's to take her some soup."

"Good," he replied, "I'll come along too. Are you going across the stones or the thorns?"

"I'm going across the stones," said the girl.

"Then I'll go across the thorns," replied the ogre.

They left. But on the way Little Red Hat came to a meadow where beautiful flowers of all colors were in bloom, and the girl picked as many as her heart desired. Meanwhile the ogre hurried on his way, and although he had to cross the thorns, he arrived at the house before Little Red Hat. He went inside, killed the grandmother, ate her up, and climbed into her bed. He also tied her intestine onto the door in place of the latch string and placed her blood, teeth, and jaws in the kitchen cupboard.

He had barely climbed into bed when Little Red Hat arrived and knocked at the door.

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"Come in" called the ogre with a dampened voice.

Little Red Hat tried to open the door, but when she noticed that she was pulling on something soft, she called out, "Grandmother, this thing is so soft!"

"Just pull and keep quiet. It is your grandmother's intestine!"

"What did you say?"

"Just pull and keep quiet!"

Little Red Hat opened the door, went inside, and said, "Grandmother, I am hungry."

The ogre replied, "Go to the kitchen cupboard. There is still a little rice there."

Little Red Hat went to the cupboard and took the teeth out. "Grandmother, these things are very hard!"

"Eat and keep quiet. They are your grandmother's teeth!"

"What did you say?"

"Eat and keep quiet!"

A little while later Little Red Hat said, "Grandmother, I'm still hungry."

"Go back to the cupboard," said the ogre. "You will find two pieces of chopped meat there."

Little Red Hat went to the cupboard and took out the jaws. "Grandmother, this is very red!"

"Eat and keep quiet. They are your grandmother's jaws!"

"What did you say?"

"Eat and keep quiet!"

A little while later Little Red Hat said, "Grandmother, I'm thirsty."

"Just look in the cupboard," said the ogre. "There must be a little wine there."

Little Red Hat went to the cupboard and took out the blood. "Grandmother, this wine is very red!"

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"Drink and keep quiet. It is your grandmother's blood!

"What did you say?"

"Just drink and keep quiet!"

A little while later Little Red Hat said, "Grandmother, I'm sleepy."

"Take off your clothes and get into bed with me!" replied the ogre.

Little Red Hat got into bed and noticed something hairy. "Grandmother, you are so hairy!"

"That comes with age," said the ogre.

"Grandmother, you have such long legs!"

"That comes from walking."

"Grandmother, you have such long hands!"

"That comes from working."

"Grandmother, you have such long ears!"

"That comes from listening."

"Grandmother, you have such a big mouth!"

"That comes from eating children!" said the ogre, and bam, he swallowed Little Red Hat with one gulp.

Source: Christian Schneller, Märchen und Sagen aus Wälschtirol: Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Sagenkunde (Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1867), no. 6, pp. 9-10. Translated by D. L. Ashliman. © 2007.

The Grandmother

France

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There was a woman who had made some bread. She said to her daughter, "Go and carry a hot loaf and a bottle of milk to your grandmother."

So the little girl set forth. Where two paths crossed she met the bzou [werewolf], who said to her, "Where are you going?"

"I am carrying a hot loaf and a bottle of milk to my grandmother."

"Which path are you taking? said the bzou. "The one of needles or the one of pins?"

"The one of needles," said the little girl.

"Good! I am taking the one of pins."

The little girl entertained herself by gathering needles.

The bzou arrived at the grandmother's house and killed her. He put some of her flesh in the pantry and a bottle of her blood on the shelf.

The little girl arrived and knocked at the door. "Push on the door," said the bzou. "It is blocked with a pail of water."

"Good day, grandmother. I have brought you a hot loaf and a bottle of milk."

"Put it in the pantry, my child. Take some of the meat that is there, and the bottle of wine that is on the shelf."

While she was eating, a little cat that was there said, "For shame! The slut is eating her grandmother's flesh and drinking her grandmother's blood."

"Get undressed, my child," said the bzou, and come to bed with me."

"Where should I put my apron?"

"Throw it into the fire. You won't need it anymore."

And for all her clothes -- her bodice, her dress, her petticoat, and her shoes and stockings -- she asked where she should put them, and the wolf replied, "Throw them into the fire, my child. You won't need them anymore."

When she had gone to bed the little girl said, "Oh, grandmother, how hairy you are!"

"The better to keep myself warm, my child."

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"Oh, grandmother, what long nails you have!"

"The better to scratch myself with, my child!"

"Oh, grandmother, what big shoulders you have!"

"The better to carry firewood with, my child!"

"Oh, grandmother, what big ears you have!"

"The better to hear with, my child!"

"Oh, grandmother, what a big nose you have!"

"To better take my tobacco with, my child!"

"Oh, grandmother, what a big mouth you have!"

"The better to eat you with, my child!"

"Oh, grandmother, I have to do it outside!"

"Do it in the bed, my child!"

"Oh no, grandmother, I really have to do it outside."

"All right, but don't take too long."

The bzou tied a woolen thread to her foot and let her go. As soon as the little girl was outside she tied the end of the thread to a plum tree in the yard.

The bzou grew impatient and said, "Are you doing a load? Are you doing a load?"

Not hearing anyone reply, he jumped out of bed and hurried after the little girl, who had escaped. He followed her, but he arrived at her home just as she went inside.

Source: Conte de la mère-grand, from a website sponsored by the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Translated by D. L. Ashliman. © 2007.

Identifying Fairy Tale Characteristics: Character, Setting, and Plot

Brainstorm a list of characters that occur in fairy tales.

Characters in Fairy Tales

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Name of Fairy Tale Characters

Settings: What types of settings are involved with fairy tales?

Plot:

Fairy tale plot elements might include:

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

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Non-fairy tale plot elements might include:

__________________________________________________________

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Small group work:

1. Get into a group and read the fairy tales that is provided to your group. 2. Work as a team and record the characters, setting, and typical plot

elements that they find in their fairy tales.

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Understanding the Concept of Tale Types or Versions

One of the most fascinating aspects of the fairy tale is the way in which

_______________________________ and ___________________________

reappear in slightly different ________________________________________

____________________________________________. For example, the motif

of the abused youngest sister achieving wealth and happiness-best known as the

"Cinderella" tale type-appears in hundreds of versions from African, Asian,

American, and European countries and as far back in written sources as 850

A.D.

Activity:

Tale Type – How many Cinderella fairy tale versions do you think there is?

A fairy tale that tells of a __________and ______________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________.

This tale type has many different versions set in _________________________.

Re-telling Fairy Tales

Read “Lambikin”

THE LAMBIKIN

ONCE upon a time there was a wee wee Lambikin, who frolicked about on his tottery legs, and enjoyed himself amazingly.

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Now one day he set off to visit his Granny, and was jumping with joy to think of all the good things he should get from her, when whom should he meet but a Jackal, who looked at the tender young morsel and said–'Lambikin! Lambikin! I'll EAT YOU!'

But Lambikin only gave a little frisk, and said–

'To Granny's house I go, Where I shall fatter grow, Then you can eat me so.'

The Jackal thought this reasonable, and let Lambikin pass.

By and by he met a Vulture, and the Vulture, looking hungrily at the tender morsel before him, said–'Lambikin! Lambikin! I'll EAT YOU!'

But Lambikin only gave a little frisk, and said–

'To Granny's house I go, Where I shall fatter grow, Then you can eat me so.'

The Vulture thought this reasonable, and let Lambikin pass.

And by and by he met a Tiger, and then a Wolf, and a Dog, and an Eagle, and all these when they saw the tender little morsel, said–'Lambkin! Lambikin! I'll EAT YOU!'

But to all of them Lambikin replied, with a little frisk–

'To Granny's house I go, Where I shall fatter grow, Then you can eat me so.'

At last he reached his Granny's house, and said, all in a great hurry, 'Granny, dear, I've promised to get very fat; so, as people ought to keep their promises, please put me into the corn-bin at once.'

So his Granny said he was a good boy, and put him into the corn-bin, and there the greedy little Lambikin stayed for seven days, and ate, and ate, and ate, until he could scarcely waddle, and his Granny said he was fat enough for anything, and must go home. But cunning little Lambikin said that would never do, for some animal would be sure to eat him on the way back, he was so plump and tender.

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'I'll tell you what you must do,' said Master Lambikin, 'you must make a little drumikin out of the skin of my little brother who died, and then I can sit inside and trundle along nicely, for I'm as tight as a drum myself.'

So his Granny made a nice little drumikin out of his brother's skin, with the wool inside, and Lambikin curled himself up snug and warm in the middle, and trundled away gaily. Soon he met with the Eagle, who called out–

'Drumikin! Drumikin! Have you seen Lambikin?'

And Mr. Lambikin, curled up in his soft warm nest, replied–

'Lost in the forest, and so are you, On, little Drumikin! Tum-pa, tum-too!'

'How very annoying!' sighed the Eagle, thinking regretfully of the tender morsel he had let slip.

Meanwhile Lambikin trundled along, laughing to himself, and singing–

'Tum-pa, tum-too; Tum-pa, tum-too!'

Every animal and bird he met asked him the same question–

'Drumikin! Drumikin! Have you seen Lambikin?'

And to each of them the little sly-boots replied–

'Lost in the forest, and so are you, On, little Drumikin! Tum-pa, tum-too; Tum-pa, tum-too; Tum-pa, tum-too!'

Then they all sighed to think of the tender little morsel they had let slip.

At last the Jackal came limping along, for all his sorry looks as sharp as a needle, and he too called out–

'Drumikin! Drumikin! Have you seen Lambikin?'

And Lambikin, curled up in his snug little nest, replied gaily–

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'Lost in the forest, and so are you, On, little Drumikin! Tum-pa—'

But he never got any further, for the Jackal recognised his voice at once, and cried, 'Hullo! You've turned yourself inside out, have you? Just you come out of that!'

Whereupon he tore open Drumikin and gobbled up Lambikin.

Activity Number 1-Using Graphic Organizers to Re-Tell Plots:

Retelling the Plot of "Lambikin"

Box 1: Once upon a time

Box 2: Lambikin meets first animal:

Box 3: Lambikin meets second animal:

Box 4: Lambikin meets third animal:

Box 5: Lambikin arrives:

Box 6: Lambikin starts home:

Box 7: Lambikin meets first animal:

Box 8: Lambikin meets second animal:

Box 9: Lambikin meets third animal:

Box 10: Lambikin arrives:

The Three Billy Goats Gruff

Norway

Once upon a time there were three billy goats, who were to go up to the hillside to make themselves fat, and the name of all three was "Gruff."

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On the way up was a bridge over a cascading stream they had to cross; and under the bridge lived a great ugly troll , with eyes as big as saucers, and a nose as long as a poker.

So first of all came the youngest Billy Goat Gruff to cross the bridge.

"Trip, trap, trip, trap! " went the bridge.

"Who's that tripping over my bridge?" roared the troll .

"Oh, it is only I, the tiniest Billy Goat Gruff , and I'm going up to the hillside to make myself fat," said the billy goat, with such a small voice.

"Now, I'm coming to gobble you up," said the troll.

"Oh, no! pray don't take me. I'm too little, that I am," said the billy goat. "Wait a bit till the second Billy Goat Gruff comes. He's much bigger."

"Well, be off with you," said the troll.

A little while after came the second Billy Goat Gruff to cross the bridge.

Trip, trap, trip, trap, trip, trap, went the bridge.

"Who's that tripping over my bridge?" roared the troll.

"Oh, it's the second Billy Goat Gruff , and I'm going up to the hillside to make myself fat," said the billy goat, who hadn't such a small voice.

"Now I'm coming to gobble you up," said the troll.

"Oh, no! Don't take me. Wait a little till the big Billy Goat Gruff comes. He's much bigger."

"Very well! Be off with you," said the troll.

But just then up came the big Billy Goat Gruff .

Trip, trap, trip, trap, trip, trap! went the bridge, for the billy goat was so heavy that the bridge creaked and groaned under him.

"Who's that tramping over my bridge?" roared the troll.

"It's I! The big Billy Goat Gruff ," said the billy goat, who had an ugly hoarse voice of his own.

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"Now I 'm coming to gobble you up," roared the troll.

Well, come along! I've got two spears,And I'll poke your eyeballs out at your ears;I've got besides two curling-stones,And I'll crush you to bits, body and bones.

That was what the big billy goat said. And then he flew at the troll, and poked his eyes out with his horns, and crushed him to bits, body and bones, and tossed him out into the cascade, and after that he went up to the hillside. There the billy goats got so fat they were scarcely able to walk home again. And if the fat hasn't fallen off them, why, they're still fat; and so,

Snip, snap, snout.This tale's told out.

Source: Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, De tre bukkene Bruse som skulle gå til seters og gjøre seg fete, Norske Folkeeventyr, translated by George Webbe Dasent in Popular Tales from the Norse, 2nd edition (London: George Routledge and Sons, n.d.), no. 37, pp. 275-276. Translation revised by D. L. Ashliman.

Retelling the Plot of "The Three Billy Goats Gruff"

Box 1: Once upon a time...

Box 2: The first billy goat...

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Box 3: The second billy goat...

Box 4: The third billy goat...

Box 5: And the three billy goats lived...

Activity Number Two-Using illustrations to re-tell fairy tales:

1. Let’s explore some web sites that feature illustrations of well-known fairy

tales, such as Sur La Lune Fairy Tales, available through the EDSITEment-

reviewed Internet Public Library (to reach the illustrations, choose a specific

tale from the main page, and then click on the "Illustrations" link on the left

hand side).

2. View the illustrations, then decide which of two different illustrators' work

you prefer.

3. The final step is to select three illustrations that represent the three

significant parts of the story, print them out, and re-tell the entire story

using the selected illustrations as focal points.

4. A good website for Little Red Riding Hood

http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/illustrations/ridinghood/index.html

 

Understanding How Illustrations Can "Tell" the Story

Web sites that provide access to many different illustrations can also be used to help students to see how illustrations can help to "tell" the story.

1. Identify the illustrations of a fairy tale that you remember as a child.

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Recognizing the Commonality of Emotions Expressed in Fairy Tales Throughout the World

Activity:

Below is a list of emotions. Write down a memory or experiences you’ve have had with these feelings:

love

hate

fear

loneliness

sadness

joy

surprise

The words from the above list should be written in the squares, one per square. This leaves some empty to add more words if you wish. Make a small drawing illustrating each word. You may add more words and drawings to the empty squares if you wish.

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In small groups, re-read some of the fairy tales names already read aloud as a

large group or, for more able students, read some new fairy tales. Place a check

mark inside a "feeling" box whenever they encounter that feeling in the story.

Report back to the larger group some of the feelings they found in their stories.

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Selected EDSITEment Web Sites

Internet Public Library (http://www.ipl.org/)

Children's Literature Web Guide (http://www.ucalgary.ca/~dkbrown/) Dr. D. L. Ashliman's_Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts web site

(http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/folktexts.html) Sur La Lune Fairy Tales (http://www.surlalunefairytales.com)

Goldilocks and The Three Bears

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This story is taken from the 1919 Young Folks Treasury

Ongoing Tales Old Time Fairy Tales Is Brought to You By Antelope Publishing

E-Publishers of Browser Readable E-Books on CD-ROM Since 1995

For more literature enhanced with electronic media visit www.antelope-ebooks.com

Little Goldilocks was a pretty girl who lived once upon a time in a far-off country.

One day she was sitting on the hearthrug playing with her two kittens, and you would have thought she was as happy as a queen, and quite contented to stay where she was instead of wanting to run about the world meddling with other people's property. But it happened that she was rather a

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mischievous little maid, and could not resist teasing her pets, so one of them scratched her, and then she would play with them no longer.

She got up and trotted away into the wood behind her mother's house, and it was such a warm, pleasant day that she wandered on and on until she came into a part of the wood where she had never been before.

Now, in this wood there lived a family of three Bears. The first was a GREAT BIG BEAR, the second was a MIDDLE SIZED BEAR and the third was a little TEENY TINY BEAR, and they all lived together in a funny little house, and very happy they were.

Goldilocks stopped when she came to the Bear's house, and began to wonder who lived there.

"I'll just look in and see," she said, and so she did; but there was no one there, for the Bears had all gone out for a morning walk, whilst the soup they were going to have for dinner cooled upon the table.

Goldilocks was rather hungry after her walk, and the soup smelt so good that she began to wish the people of the house would come home and invite her to have some. But although she looked everywhere, under the table and into the cupboards, she could find no one, and at last she could resist no longer, but made up her mind to take just a little sip to see how the soup tasted. The soup had been put into three bowls - A GREAT BIG BOWL for the GREAT BIG BEAR, a MIDDLING-SIZED BOWLfor the MIDDLING-SIZED BEAR, and a TEENY TINY bowl for the TEENY TINY BEAR; beside each bowl lay a spoon, and Goldilocks took one and helped herself to a spoonful of soup from the GREAT BIG BOWL.

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Ugh! how it burnt her mouth; it was so hot with pepper that she did not like it at all; still, she was very hungry, so she thought she would try again.

This time she took a sip of the MIDDLING-SIZED BEAR'S soup, but she liked that no better, for it was too salt. But when she tasted the TEENY TINY BEAR'S soup, it was just as she liked it; so she ate it up every drop, without thinking twice about it.

When she had finished her diner she noticed three chairs standing by the wall. One was a GREAT BIG CHAIR, and she climbed upon that and sat down. Oh dear! how hard it was! She was sure she could not sit there for long, so she climbed up on the next, which was a MIDDLING-SIZED CHAIR, but that was too soft for her taste; so she went on to the last, which was a TEENY TINY CHAIR and suited her exactly.

It was so comfortable that she sat on and on until, if you'll believe it, she actually sat the bottom out. Then, of course, she was comfortable no longer, so she got up and began to wonder what she should do next.

There was a staircase in the Bears' house, and Goldilocks thought she would go up it and see where it led to. So up she went, and when she reached the top she laughed outright, for the Bears' bedroom was the funniest she had ever seen. In the middle of the room stood a GREAT BIG BED, on one side of it there was a MIDDLING-SIZED BED, and on the other side there was a TEENY TINY BED.

Goldilocks was sleepy, so she thought she would lie down and have a little nap. First she got upon the GREAT BIG BED, but it was just as hard as the GREAT BIG CHAIR had been; so she jumped off and tried the MIDDLING-SIZED BED,

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but it was so soft that she sank right down into the feather cushions and was nearly smothered.

"I will try the TEENY TINY BED, she said, and so she did, and it was so comfortable that she soon fell fast asleep.

Whilst she lay there, dreaming of all sorts of pleasant things, the three Bears came home from their walk very hungry and quite ready for their dinners.

But oh! dear me! how cross the GREAT BIG BEAR looked when he saw his spoon had been used and thrown under the table.

"WHO HAS BEEN TASTING MY SOUP?"he cried in a GREAT BIG VOICE."AND WHO HAS BEEN TASTING MINE?" cried the MIDDLING-SIZED BEAR, in a MIDDLING-SIZED VOICE."BUT WHO HAS BEEN TASTING MINE AND TASTED IT ALL UP?" cried the poor little TEENY TINY BEAR in a TEENY TINY VOICE, with tears running down his TEENY TINY FACE.

When the GREAT BIG BEAR went to sit down in his GREAT BIG CHAIR, he cried out in his GREAT BIG VOICE:"WHO HAS BEEN SITTING ON MY CHAIR?"And the MIDDLING-SIZED BEAR cried, in a MIDDLING-SIZED VOICE:

"WHO HAS BEEN SITTING ON MY CHAIR?"

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But the TEENY TINY BEAR cried out in a TEENY TINY VOICE of anger:"WHO HAS BEEN SITTING ON MY CHAIR AND SAT THE BOTTOM OUT?"

But this time the Bears were sure that someone had been in their house quite lately; so they looked about to see if someone were not there still.

There was certainly no one downstairs, so they went up the staircase to their bedroom.

As soon as the GREAT BIG BEAR looked at his bed, he cried out in his GREAT BIG VOICE:"WHO HAS BEEN LYING ON MY BED?"And the MIDDDLING-SIZED BEAR cried out in a MIDDLING-SIZED VOICE:

"WHO HAS BEEN LAYING ON MY BED?"

But the TEENY TINY BEAR cried out in a TEENY TINY VOICE of anger:"WHO HAS BEEN LAYING ON MY BED AND LIES THERE STILL?"

Now, when the GREAT BIG BEAR began to speak, Goldilocks dreamt that there was a bee buzzing in the room, and when the MIDDLING-SIZED BEAR began to speak, she dreamt that it was flying out of the window; but when the TEENY TINY BEAR began to speak, she dreamt that the bee had come back and stung her on the ear, and up she jumped. Oh! how frightened she was when she saw the three Bears standing beside her.

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She hopped out of bed and in a second was out through the open window. Never stopping to wonder if the fall had hurt her, she got up and ran and ran and ran until she could go no farther, always thinking that the Bears were close behind her. And when at length she fell down in a heap on the ground, because she was too tired to run any more, it was her own mother who picked her up, because in her fright she had run straight home without knowing it.

http://www.ongoing-tales.com/SERIALS/oldtime/FAIRYTALES/goldilocks.html

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