FairPeers: Efficient Profit Sharing in Fair Peer-to-Peer Market Places Giancarlo Ruffo, Schifanella...

FairPeers: Efficient Profit Sharing in Fair Peer-to-Peer Market Places

Giancarlo Ruffo, Schifanella Rossano

Dipartimento di Informatica

Università degli Studi di Torino

Giancarlo Ruffo, Schifanella Rossano, Università di Torino (Italy) n. 2

Key Question

Is P2P mature enough for a fair, profitable, and dependable market place infrastructure?


Motivations and Target

DRM vs DRM-free debate is turning to a negotiation between big actors; What about the “long tail”?

Centralized markets are efficient and dependable. But are they scalable and economically affordable for all?

P2P can significantly reduce costs, improve scalability, and distribute the profits.

We, the long tail, claim that:


Object digitalizationContract between content producer and distributors

Inse

rtio

n

P2P digital distribution

cycle

Distribution

Del

iver

yBuying

P2P Distribution Model

Production 010101010010101

User-side

Industry-side

01010100010101

Authoring


P2P Roles and Interactions

Providing Interaction

Partner

Receiving Interaction

Partner

Legal Owner of the Object

Mediating Service

Object of Interactio

n

provides receives

owns the rights of

facilitates the interaction

The Owner can be the

provider or a third party

Digital Content

A Peer can be both

a Provider as well as a Receiver

Digital content sharing

service (optional)


A General Revenue Framework

You can release an open platform, own the community, acquire licences, digitalize content and insert items in the network. But it is not finished yet: 1° issue: No clear economic value for

owners 2° issue: No clear economic value for

providers and/or mediator 3° issue: No trivial technical solutions

Are these issues solvable in a realistic way?


Features of a Fair P2P Market-Place

Profit Sharing All the participants are

part of the revenue model (i.e., peers contribute with disk space, cpu cycles or bandwidth)

The cost of an object f has an authoring component Ca(f) and a distribution component Cd(f)

Incentives to cooperate P2P distribution:

Roles of owners (i.e., author), distributors (i.e., merchant), and receivers (i.e., buyer) are interchangeable

Security Mechanisms against

profitable frauds and attacks by malicious peers

Efficiency and scalability High volume of

transactions Huge population of

users Protecting Copyright

Legality of items traded Other forms of licenses

can be considered as well (e.g., GPL, CC)

G. Ruffo, R. Schifanella FairPeers: Efficient Profit Sharing in Fair Peer-to-Peer Market Places Journal of Network and Systems Management (JNMS), September 2007 (to appear).


FairPeers: actors and roles

A copy protected digital Object f The Owner of object f. This relationship is given by:

a Copyright Certificate, that binds f and its owner The Distributor of object f, who has been delegated by

the owner by means of: a Distribution License, that authorizes the

distribution of the content The Receiver of f, that buys and downloads the object

from the owner or via a (set of) licensed distributor(s) The receiver may become a distributor later on

Some Mediators provide basic functionalities: Copyright Grantor (CG): stores the authorship’s

information of all the items Certification Authority (CA): certifies for users’

identities (a PKI is assumed - each peer X holds a key pair <SKX,PKX>)

A Broker: when a token-based accounting system with central bank is assumed


FairPeers: Publishing of an Inedited Content

Owner Copyright Grantor

idf,idA: content and owner identifiersf: medatatav: valueDL: Delegates listLS: lifespan

CERTIFICATION REQUEST

f,{idf,idA,f,v,DL}SK

A

{idf,idA,f,LS,v,DL}SKCG

COPYRIGHT CERTIFICATE


FairPeers: Purchasing an Item from an Owner

{I want idf}SKX

{Cert(f)}SKA

{credits A for Ca(f)}SKX

{License(f,X)}SKA

{credits A for Cd(f)}SKX

X Owner

f


FairPeers: Purchasing an Item from a Distributor

{I want idf}SKX

{License(f,Y)}SKY

{credits Y for Cd(f)}SKX

f

{License(f,X)}SKA

{License(f,X)}SKA


X Y Owner


FairPeers: Purchasing an Item from Many Distributors

Modern peer-to-peer systems allow multi-source downloads

Trivial solution: all the sources must be payed. Performance deterioration (presence of a

bunch of money transfers) Infeasible to manage pico-payments

Lottery mechanism [Rivest, 1997]: instead of paying a fraction of distribution cost to all the distributors, only the lottery winner will gain all the value.

X Y1 Yω Yn

Y distributors set

Owner

{I want idf}SKX

{License(f,Yi)}SKYi


{License(f,X)}SKA

{License(f,X)}SKA

{Y,winner indicator}SKX

fi

{credits Yω for Cd(f)}SKX

{The winner is Yω}SKX


Conclusions

Yes, P2P can significantly reduce costs, improve scalability, and distribute the profits

This is technically feasible. Is there political and/or economic interest?

The end of the DRM vs DRM-free debate may give new gasoline to P2P. Be ready to run!

Social Networking and Viral Phenomena can be of great help for providing services and/or modeling the domain

Please, address any further question to: [email protected] or [email protected]

FairPeers: Efficient Profit Sharing in Fair Peer-to-Peer Market Places Giancarlo Ruffo, Schifanella...

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