Faculty of Life Sciencesgndu.ac.in/syllabus/201415/LIFE/MSC HS BOTANY SEMESTER III TO I… ·...

Faculty of Life Sciences

SYLLABUS

For

M.Sc. (Hons. School) BOTANY (Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System) (FOR THOSE STUDENTS WHO ADMITTED IN THE SESSION 2013-14)

(Semester: III–IV)

Examinations: 2014-15

GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY AMRITSAR

Note: (i) Copy rights are reserved.

Nobody is allowed to print it in any form. Defaulters will be prosecuted. (ii) Subject to change in the syllabi at any time. Please visit the University website time to time.

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M.Sc. (Hons. School) Botany (Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)

Programme Code: BSB1

Scheme of Courses

Semester-III

Credits Course No. C/E/I Course Title L T P

Total Credits

Core Courses ESL502 C Software System Analysis in

Ecology 3 - - 3

ESL504 C Environmental Microbiology 3 - - 3

BSS531 C Seminar - - 1 1

BSP532 C Research Techniques - - 10 10

Elective Courses (3 Credits) E Elective Course 3 - - 3

Interdisciplinary/ Optional Courses (3 Credits) I To be offered from outside the

department 3 - - 3

Total Credits 12 - 11 23

Scheme of Courses Semester-IV

Credits Course No. C/E/I Course Title

L T P Total

Credits Core Courses BSL561 C Seed Production, Storage and

Processing 3 - - 3

BSS576 C Research Seminar - - 2 2

BSD577 C Case Study /Project - - 12 12

Elective Courses (3 Credits) E Elective Course – I 3 - - 3

E Elective Course – II 3 - - 3

Total Credits 9 - 14 23

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Semester-III List of Elective Courses

Credits Course No. C/E/

I Course Title

L T P Total

Credits Elective Courses

BSL581 E Agroforestry Systems 3 - - 3 BSL582 E Seed Biotechnology 3 - - 3 BSL583 E Human Values and Professional Ethics 3 - - 3 BSL584 E Genomics, transcriptomics and

proteomics 3 - - 3

BSL585 E Dynamics of Biogeography 3 - - 3 BSL586 E Ecological Principles 3 - - 3 BSL587 E Immunology 3 - - 3 BSL588 E Perspectives in Conservation 3 - - 3 BSL589 E Bioethics and Biosafety 3 - - 3 BSL590 E Sustainable Development 3 - - 3

ESL581 E Urban Planning and Environmental

Management 3 - - 3

ESL582 E Preventive and Social Medicine 3 - - 3 ESL583 E Geoinformatics in Environmental

Management 3 - - 3

ESL584 E Solid Waste Management 3 - - 3 ESL585 E Bioremediation 3 - - 3 ESL586 E Environmental Safety and Management 3 - - 3 ESL587 E Waste Stabilization Ponds 3 - - 3 ESL588 E Water and Wastewater Analysis 3 - - 3 ESL589 E Environmental Impact Assessment 3 - - 3 ESL590 E Water Treatment Processes 3 - - 3 ESL591 E Environmental Laws and Impact

Assessment 3 - - 3

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Semester-III

ESL502 - Software System Analysis in Ecology Credits 3-0-0

Bio Markup Languages 1. Introduction to HTML: About Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), commonly used HTML

commands: the structure of an HTML program, document head, document body, titles and footers; text formatting: paragraph breaks, line breaks, emphasizing material in a web page: heading styles, drawing lines, text styles: bold, italics, underline, centering text, images, indenting text, changing the background color of a text.

2. Lists & graphics: Types of lists: unordered list, ordered lists, definition lists. Adding graphics to HTML documents: border attribute, width and height attribute, align attribute, alt attribute.

3. Tables: Introduction: header, data rows, the caption tag, using the width and border attribute, using the cellpadding, cellspacing, bgcolor, colspan and rowspan attributes.

4. Linking documents & frames: Links: external document references, internal document references, images as hyperlinks. Frames: introduction to frames, the <FRAMESET> tag, the <FRAME> tag, targeting named frames.

5. Introduction to eXtensible Markup Language (XML), Chemical Markup Language (CML) and Bioinformation Sequence Markup Language (BSML).

Numerical Methods

6. Pitfalls in computing in computers, approximations and errors in computation, accuracy of numbers. Types of errors: inherent errors, rounding errors, truncation errors, absolute, relative and percentage errors.

7. Roots of equation: Bisection method, Newton method. 8. Solution of system of linear equations: Gauss elimination, Gauss-Seidel method. 9. Interpolation: Lagrange’s method, inverse interpolation using Lagrange’s method. 10. Integration: Trapezoidal method, Simpson’s one-third method, Simpson’s three-eight method. 11. Solution of differential equations: Runge-Kutta forth order method.

System Analysis & Design

12. System concept: Introduction, definition of system, characteristics of a system, elements of system, types of system

13. System development life cycle: Problem analysis, project selection, feasibility study, analysis, design, implementation, testing, post-implementation and maintenance, considerations for candidate systems.

14. System analysis: System planning, bases for planning, initial investigation, problem definition and project initiation, background analysis, fact-finding, fact analysis, determination of feasibility., information gathering, information about the firm, work flow and user staff, information gathering tools.

15. Tools of structured analysis: Introduction, data flow diagram (DFD), data dictionary, decision tree and structured English, decision tables, pros and cons ofeach tool.

16. Feasibility study: Introduction, identification of specific system objectives, description of outputs, steps in feasibility analysis, feasibility report.

17. System design: Introduction, process of design, logical and physical design, design methodologies

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Semester-III 18. System testing and quality assurance: Introduction, need of system testing, nature of test data,

test plan, activity network for system testing, quality assurance goals in the systems life cycle, levels of quality assurance.

19. Implementation and software maintenance: Introduction, conversion, activity network for conversion, post-implementation review and review plans, software maintenance, primary activity of a maintenance procedure.

References:

1. Awad. E.M. (2000). System Analysis & Design. Galgotia Publications, New Delhi. 2. Grewal, B.S. (2001). Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science. Khanna Publishers,

Delhi. 3. Salaria R.S. (1996). A Computer Oriented Numerical Method. BPB Publications, Delhi. 4. Darnell, R. (2004). HTML 4 Unleashed Edition. Techmedia, New Delhi 5. Sybex (2005). XML Complete. BPB Publications, New Delhi

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Semester-III

ESL504 - Environmental Microbiology Credits 3-0-0

1. Introduction to environmental microbiology: Microorganisms in the environment, general characteristics of microorganisms in the porous media, microbial activities in porous media, microorganisms in surface soils, shallow subsurface environments, deep subsurface environments and deep saturated zone, sampling techniques, identification of microorganism, diseases caused by microorganism.

2. Industrial microbiology: The microbe: Primary and secondary metabolites, major industrial products: foods, flavouring agents and food supplement, vitamins and beverages; organic acids; enzymes and microbial transformation; inhibitors; genetically engineered microorganisms–Human insulin and human growth hormones and vaccines.

3. Microbiology of wastewater: Sewage (waste water) treatment: Ecological impact of raw sewage on receiving water, public health impact of raw sewage discharge, primary waste water treatment, secondary treatment, microbial treatment problems, tertiary waste water treatment., Drinking water treatment total coliform bacteria analysis, Fecal coliform bacteria analysis.

4. Bioremediation: Biodegradative organisms, relationship between contaminant structure, toxicity and biodegradability; Environmental factors affecting biodegradation; biodegradation of organic pollutants, problems associated with bioremediation, future of bioremediation.

5. Microorganisms and metal pollutants: Metal bioavailability in the environment, metal toxicity effects on the microbial cell, mechanisms of microbial metal resistance and detoxification, method for studying metal-microbial interactions, adverse effects and benefits of metal-microbial interactions, innovative microbial approaches in the remediation of the metal contaminated soils, sediments and aquatic systems.

6. Aeromicrobiology: Important airborne plant, animal and human pathogens, important airborne toxins, nature of bioaerosols aeromicrobiological pathways, sampling devices for the collection of bioaerosols, microbial survival in the air, extramural aeromicrobiology, intramural aeromicrobiology, bioaerosol control, microbial habitats in the aquatic environment.

7. Control of microorganisms by physical and chemical means: Fundamentals of control, physical agents, high temperature, low temperature, desiccation, osmotic pressure, radiation, surface tension and interfacial tension, filtration, characterization of an ideal antimicrobial chemical agent, selection of a chemical agent for practical application, major groups of antimicrobial agents.

References: 1. Pelczar, M. J., Chan, E. C. S., Krieg, N. R. (1993). Microbiology-Concepts and Applications.

McGraw Hill Inc. 2. Tortora, G.J. Funke, B. R., Case, C. L. (2001). Microbiology-An introduction (7th ed.) Addison

Wesley longman, Inc. 3. Taussig, M. J. (1984). Microbiology (2nd ed.) Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford

London. 4. Maier, R.M., Pepper, I.L. and Gerba, C.P. (2000). Environmental Microbiology, Academic

Press.

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Semester-IV

BSL561 - Seed Production, Storage and Processing

Credits 3-0-0

1. Seed production: Definition, differences between seed and grain, seed quality concept, role of

quality seed. General principles of seed production: Genetic and agronomic principles. Indian and

international seed industry, production of synthetic / artificial seeds.

2. Seed production systems and management: Systems of seed production in India, planning and

organization of a seed programme, classes of quality seed, seed production organization, Nucleus

and breeder seed production in self and cross pollinated crops.

3. Hybrid seed production: Hybrdization, feasibility of hybrid seed production using emasculation

and hand pollination, male sterility, self – incompatibility and gametocides. Procedure of hybrid

seed production in following crops with reference to floral biology, land and isolation

requirements, special agronomic practices, Roguing, harvesting, threshing etc. – Maize,

Pearlmillet, Sorghum, Sunflower, Pigeonpea, Cotton, Rice and Mustard.

4. Field Crops and Vegetables : Detailed seed production procedures in following crops with

reference to land and isolation requirements, brief cultural practices, Roguing, harvesting and

threshing – Wheat, Paddy, Sorghum, Bajra, Maize, Chickpea, Cowpea, and Mungbeans, Soybean,

Brinjal, cauliflower, Cabbage, Raddish, Palak, Cucurbits, Rape and mustard, Sunflower, Forages,

Cotton, Sugarcane and potato (Seed plot technique).

5. Commercial flower seed production: Brief procedures in Ageratum, Alyssum, Aster, Dahlia,

Pansy, Petunia Carnation, Phlox etc.

6. Seed Storage: Stages, General Principles, constructional features, control measures temperature and

moisture control in seed storage.

7. Processing: Place and importance of seed processing in the pathway of seed improvement, concept

and objectives of seed processing, physical characteristics used to separate seeds, basic flow

pattern in seed processing. Principles and methods of seed cleaning (Pre- conditioning, Basic seed

cleaning, upgrading the seed quality). Seed Processing plant layout planning.

8. Seed treatment equipment : slurry seed treater, and mist-o-matic seed treater.

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Semester-IV

Books Recommended:

1. Agrawal, R.L. 1995. Seed Technology (2nd Ed.) Oxford and IBH Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Desai, B.B., Kotecha, P.M. and Salunkha, D.K. 1997. Seeds Handbook-Biology, Production,

Process and Storage, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.

3. McDonald, M.B. and Copeland I.O. 1997, Seed Production Chapman and Hall, New York.

4. Cultural Practices in Rabi / Kharif crops. Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana.

5. Vegetable Seed Production Procedures, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana

6. Singh, H.B., Vishnu Savrup and B. Singh. Exploitation of Hybrid Vigour in Vegetables.

7. Sundara Raj, D.D. and Thulsidas G. 1993. Botany of Field Crops (2nd edition), MacMillan India

Ltd., N. Delhi.

8. Agrawal, R.L. (1998). Fundamentals of plant Breeding and Hybrid seed production. Oxford and

IBH Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

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Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper

BSL581 - Agroforestry Systems

Credits 3-0-0

1. Introduction: The history of agroforestry, Definition and concepts of agroforestry, community

forestry, farm forestry, and social forestry.

2. Classification of agroforestry systems: Structural classification of systems Classification based

on function of systems. Ecological classification . Classification based on socioeconomic criteria.

A framework for classification. Agroforestry systems and practices.

3. Distribution of agroforestry systems in the tropics: The tropical environment. Distribution of

tropical agroforestry systems. Agroecological spread of tropical agroforestry systems.

4. Shifting cultivation and improved fallows: System overview, soil management and shifting

cultivation, the evolution of planted fallows. Improved tree fallows.

5. Plantation crop combinations: Integrated land-use systems with plantation crops. Small holder

systems with coconuts: a notable example of integrated land-use. Crop combinations with other

plantation crops. Multistory tree gardens.

6. Alley cropping: Nutrient yield. Effect on soil properties and soil conservation. Effect on crop

yields. Future directions.

7. Other agroforestry systems and practices: Tree fodder and silvopastoral systems. Agroforestry

for firewood production. Intercropping under scattered or regularly planted trees. Agroforestry

for reclamation of problem soils. Underexploited trees in indigenous agroforestry systems.

Buffer-zone agroforestry.

8. Agroforestry species: Multipurpose trees (MPTs). Herbaceous species.

9. Component interactions: Positive (production-enhancing) interactions. Negative (production-

decreasing) interactions. Component management.

10. Effects of trees on soils: Beneficial effects. Adverse effects.

11. Field experiments in agroforestry : Agroforestry research, different perspectives. Principles of

field experimentation. Special considerations in agroforestry experiments. The current state of

agroforestry field experimentation. Prognosis of the directions in agroforestry research.

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Semester- III & IV

12. Sociocultural considerations: Agroforestry as a social science. Important sociocultural factors in

agrogorestry. Farmer's perception of tree planting. Government policies and agroforestry

implementation. Social acceptability of agroforestry.

13. Evaluation of agroforestry systems: Productivity evaluation. Sustainability evaluation.

Adoptability evaluation. Towards development of a methodology for evaluating agroforestry

systems.

References:

1. Nair, P.K.R.(1993). An introduction to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London

2. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (1979) Proceedings of National Seminar on

Agroforestry, May, 1979, ICAR, New Delhi India

3. Raintree, J.B. (1987) The state of the art of agroforestry diagnosis and design. Agroforestry

Systems 5:219-250

4. Evans, J.(1992) Plantation Forestry in the Tropics, 2nd edition Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K.

5. MacDicken, K.G and Vergara, N.T. (eds.) 1990. Agroforestry: Classification and Management.

JohnWiley, New York, USA

6. Nair, P.K.R(eds.) (1989) Agroforestry Systems in the Tropics, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The

Netherlands

7. Grigg, D.B.(1974) The agricultural systems of the world. Cambridge University Press, London,

U.K.

8. Bavappa, K.V.A. and Jacob, V.J. (1982) High intensity multispecies cropping: A new approach

to small scale forming in tropics. World Crops, 47-50.

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Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper BSL582 - Seed Biotechnology

Credits 3-0-0 1. Seed Enhancements :- Seed hydration –prehydration priming and solid matrix priming ,

preplant germination, factors affecting priming. 2. Synthetic seed Biotechnology: Introduction, culture procedure, drying, storage, encapsulation,

germination etc. Advantages and Disadvantages of artificial seeds, future prospects. 3. Loss reduction biotechnology of seeds: Introduction, Causes and magnitude of seed crop

losses, loss reduction measures. 4. Modern techniques in variety identification: Various biochemical methods like

electrophoresis, DNA profiling techniques. Use of machine vision. Applications of variety identifications and future trends.

5. Commercial seed treatment technology: Introduction, Biological seed treatments against diseases or pests, Pelleting, coating or other techniques to alter physical characteristics, future directions.

6. Molecular farming using seeds as hosts: Seed storage proteins, strategies for protein targeting, examples of recombinant proteins produced in seeds. Advantages and prospects of seed based molecular farming.

7. The seed production industry:- Functions of the seed industry. Growth and Development of the seed industry- Indian as well as international. Indian seed exports and imports. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in seed industry.

References:

1. Desai, B.B., Kotecha, P.M. Salunkhe, D. K. (1997). Seeds Handbook. Biology, Production, Processing, and Storage. Marcel Dekker, Inc; New York. pp. 1-627.

2. Black, M and Beewley, J.D. (2000). Seed Technology and its Biological Basis. Sheffield Academic Press, CRC Press, Boca Raton, U.S.A., pp. 1-419.

3. Black M, Bradford K J and Vazquez- Romos J. (2000) (Editors) Seed Biology - Advances and Applications Proceedings of the sixth International Workshop on seeds, Merida, Mexico, 1999. CABI Publishing, Oxon pp. 1-508.

4. Basra A S (1995) (Ed.) Seed Quality Basic Mechanisms and Agricultural Implications. Variety identification: Modern Technologies and Applications (Robert J. Cook). Food Product Press, New York.pp. 279-318.

5. Copeland L O, McDonald M B (1995). Principles of Seed Science and Technology. (3rd Edition) Chapman and Hall, New York

6. Kelly A F and George RAT (1998) (Editors). Encyclopedia of Seed Production of World Crops. Cultivars identification: Review of new methods (R J Cooke and J C Reeves). John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 88-111.

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Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper BSL583 - Human Values and Professional Ethics

Credits 3-0-0

INTRODUCTION TO VALUE EDUCATION

1. Understanding Value Education 2. Self-exploration as the Process for Value Education 3. The Program to Fulfil Basic Human Aspirations 4. The Basic Human Aspirations - Continuous Happiness and Prosperity

UNDERSTANDING THE HARMONY AT VARIOUS LEVELS

5. Understanding the Human Being as Co-existence of Self ('I') and Body 6. Harmony in the Self ('I') - Understanding Myself 7. Harmony with the Body - Understanding Sanyama (Self regulation) and Svasthya (Health) 8. Harmony in the Family - Understanding Values in Human Relationships 9. Harmony in the Society - From Family Order to World Family Order 10. Harmony in Nature - Understanding the Interconnectedness and Mutual Fulfilment 11. Harmony in Existence - Understanding Existence as Co-existence

IMPLICATIONS OF THE RIGHT UNDERSTANDING

12. Providing the Basis for Universal Human Values and Ethical Human Conduct 13. Basis for the Holistic Alternative towards Universal Human Order 14. Professional Ethics in the Light of Right Understanding 15. Vision for Holistic Technologies, Production Systems and Management Models 16. Journey towards the Holistic Alternative - The Road Ahead

References:

1. Gaur, R.R., Sanghal, R. and Bagaria, G.P. (2010), A Foundation Course in Human Values and Professional Ethics. Excel Books, New Delhi

2. Seebauer, E.G. and Berry, R.L. (2000). Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists and Engineers. Oxford University Press.

3. Tripathy, A.N.(2003), Human Values, New Age International Publishers. 4. www.universalhumanvalues.info

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Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper BSL584 - Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics

Credits 3-0-0

1. Defining genome and genomics, sequencing complete genomes, genomic databases. 2. Physical mapping of DNA, Restriction site mapping, hybridization mapping. 3. Finding genes in genomes of (bacterial genome and higher eukaryotic genomes), detecting non-

coding RNA genes 4. Genomic variation: Can genome diversity affect global warming, human SNPs and their

relation to diseases and therapies, ethical consequences of genomic variations. 5. Defining transcriptome and transcriptomics, methods for large scale analysis of gene

expression. 6. Microarrays: Introduction; properties and processing of array data, Microarray standards and

databases. 7. Defining proteome and proteomics: amino acid residue conservation, substitution matrices. 8. Protein analysis: major proteomic approaches, data processing, major protein identification

programs. 9. Conceptional models of proteins structure, obtaining viewing and analyzing structural data,

structural alignment. 10. Classification of proteins of known 3-D structure. CATH and SCOP. Protein structure

prediction. References:

1. Zimmermann, K. (2003). An Introduction to Protein Informatics. Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Netherland.

2. Christine, O., David, J. and Thornton, J. (2003). Bioinformatics: Genes, Proteins and Computers. 1st Edition. Bios Scientific Publishers. Oxford, United Kingdom.

3. Setubal and Meidanis. (2008). Introduction to Computional Molecular Biology. 1st Edition. Krishna Offset, New Delhi.

4. Baxevanis, A.D. and Onellette, B.F.F. (2005). Bioinforamtics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins.3rd Edition. John Willey, Hoboken, New Jersey.

5. Cambell, A.M. (2003). Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics. Banjamin Cummings Publishers. San Franciso.

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Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper BSL585 - Dynamics of Biogeography

Credits 3-0-0 1. Biogeography and its history: Basic principles, its relationship to physiography and other modern

sciences, biology, geography, biodiversity, and landscape ecology, age of exploration, biogeography of 18th , 19th and 20th centuries, biogeographic distribution of globe., vegetation types and classification of floristic regions.

2. Geological history of the earth: The geological time scale, Wegner’s theory of continental drift, tectonic history of the planet, patterns of continents, Gondwanaland, Laurasia, assembly and breakup of Pangaea, early life on moving continents, the Cretaceous extinctions, development of marine basins and island chains, Epeiric, Mediterranean and Red seas, dynamics of Pacific ocean, glaciations and biogeographic dynamics of the Pleistocene.

3. Climate and environment. physical setting of the planet, climatic zones of the world, ombrothermic and climate diagrams, solar energy and temperature regimes, winds and rainfall, soils and successions, formation of major soil types, aquatic environments, stratification and oceanic circulation.

4. Island biogeography: Types of islands, islands as model systems, MacArthur-Wilson theory of island biogeography, Effects of size and distance, equilibrium equation, modifications caused by selective nature of immigration and extinction and interspecific interactions.

5. Distributions of single species: The geographic range projections and geographic coordinate systems, mapping and measuring range, distribution of individuals, populations and ecosystems, Hutchinson’s multidimensional niche concept, relationship between distribution and abundance.

6. Dispersal and immigration: Mechanisms of active and passive dispersal, Physiological, ecological and psychological barriers, biotics, exchange and dispersal routes: corridors, filters, sweepstakes routes, dispersal curves within and among species, establishment of colony and habitat selection, ecosystem theories (Wedge effect, Bergmann’s rule, Allen’s rule, Gloger’s rule, Jordon’s rule and Merriam’s classification).

7. Species introductions: intentional and accidental, effects of non-native (invasive) species on the local flora, magnitude of the problem, concept of invasibility.

References: 1. Brown, J.H. and Lomolino, M.V (1998). Biogeography. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland,

Massachusetts. 2. Cox, C. B. and Moore, P.D. (2000). Biogeography – An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach.

Blackwell Scientific Ltd. pp. 298. London. 3. Fahrig, L., and K. Freemark. (1994). Landscape-scale effects of toxic events for ecological risk

assessment. In J. Cairns and B.R. Niederlehner (eds.), Ecological Toxicity Testing, Scale, Complexity, and Relevance. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.

4. Weinstein, D.A., and H.H. Shugart. (1983). Ecological modeling of landscape dynamics. In H.A. Mooney and M. Godron (eds.), Disturbance and Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, New York.

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Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper BSL586 - Ecological Principles

Credits 3-0-0 1. The Environment: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic interactions. 2. Habitat and Niche: Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and

realized niche; resource partitioning; character displacement. 3. Population Ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population

regulation; life history strategies (r and K selection); concept of metapopulation – demes and dispersal, interdemic extinctions, age structured populations.

4. Species Interactions: Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory, pollination, symbiosis.

5. Community Ecology: Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones.

6. Ecological Succession: Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax. 7. Ecosystem Ecology: Ecosystem structure; ecosystem function; energy flow and mineral cycling

(C,N,P); primary production and decomposition; structure and function of some Indian ecosystems: terrestrial (forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, eustarine).

8. Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical zones of India.

9. Applied Ecology: Environmental pollution; global environmental change; biodiversity: status, monitoring and documentation; major drivers of biodiversity change; biodiversity management approaches.

10. Conservation Biology: Principles of conservation, major approaches to management, Indian case studies on conservation/management strategy (Project Tiger, Biosphere reserves).

References:

Chapman, J. L. and Reiss, M. J. (1998). Ecology: Principles and Applications. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. Krebs, C.J. (1994). Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. Fourth Edition, Harper Collins College Publishers. Miller, G.T. (2006). Essentials of Ecology. Fourth Edition. Thomson, Brooks/Cole. Odum, E.P. (1983). Basic Ecology. Saunders College Publishers. Pianka, E.R. (2011). Evolutionary Ecology. Seventh Edition. Ricklefs, R.E. and Miller, G. (1999). Ecology. Fourth Edition. W.H. Freeman Publishers. Hollar, S. (2011). Ecology: The delicate Balance of Life on Earth. Britannica Educational Publishing, The Rosen Publishing Group, LLC, NY. Jørgensen, S.V. (2009). Ecosystem Ecology. Academic Press, Elsevier, The Netherlands.

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Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper BSL587- Immunology

Credits 3-0-0

An overview of the immune system : Historical perspective, an introduction to the immune

system – innate and adaptive immunity. Immunodeficiencies : secondary immunodeficiency disorders.

Antigens and antigen recognition : Antigens: prerequisites for immunogenicity, relative

immunogenicity of different types of molecules, Molecules that enhance immunogenicity. Activators of hympocytes: antigens, superantigens, mitogens. Antigen recognition by cells of innate immunity & adaptive immunity.

Antibodies: Gamma globulins; structure, bifunctional property of antibodies, determining

bifunctionality, cross reactivity, Antigen antibody interactions: primary interactions, secondary interactions. Classification of antibodies: Isotypes, Allotypes, properties & biological functions of antibody isotypes, IgG,IgE,IgM, IgD, IgA, Monoclonal antibodies

Cells and tissues of immunity: Lymphoid tissues: primary & secondary lymphoid tissues, cells of

innate immunity : phagocytes, antigen presenting cells, natural killer cells, Eosinophils, mast cells and basophills, B- cells, secondary immune responses.The major histocompatibility complex, antigen process and antigen presentation, complement.

The immune system in Health & Disease, specially AIDS.

References:

1. Goldsby, R.A. Kindt, T.J., Oxborne B.A., Kuby, J. (2003). Immunology.W.H. Freemen & Company, NewYork.

2. Stanley, J. (2002). Essentials of Immunology and Serology. Delmar Thomson Learning, USA

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Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper BSL588 - Perspectives in Conservation

3-0-0 1. Biogeographical Classification of the World and India, Definition of Biodiversity and its relation to

biogeography, Global Magnitude of Biodiversity, Levels and Gradients of Biodiversity and their measurements, Indices of biodiversity, Species -area relationships.

2. Economic and Ecological uses of biodiversity, Direct Use Value, Indirect Use Value, Aesthetic Value, Ethical Value, Option Value.

3. Loss of Biodiversity, Causes of Loss, Conventional and modern, anthropogenic and natural Man- Wildlife Conflicts, Indian Scenario.

4. Species Extinction, Characters of Species Susceptible to Extinction, The IUCN Red List Categories, Top Ten Most Wanted Species Announced by WWF, Threatened Animal and Plant Species of India, Red Data Books.

5. In situ Conservation of Biodiversity, Protected Areas, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Preservation Plots, Project Tiger, Project Elephant, Sacred Forests and Sacred Lakes, Ex situ Conservation, Botanical Gardens, Zoos or Zoological parks, Aquaria, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR).

6. Bio-Wealth of India, Mountains as Repositories of Biodiversity, The Indian Deserts, Indian Wetlands, Indian Mangroves, Indian Coral Reefs, Indian Lakes, Hot Spots of Biodiversity, Hot Spots of India, The Status of Wildlife in India.

7. International and National Efforts for Conservating Biodiversity, Biodiversity Treaties, Role of Environmental Institutions in Biodiversity Conservation, India's Efforts in Biodiversity Conservation, Group of Like-minded Megadiverse Countries, Biological Diversity Act 2002, The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee, GEF-World Bank Capacity Building Project on Bio safety.

References: 1. Misra S.P. and Pandey S.N. (2011), Essential Environmental Studies (3rd Edition), Ane Books

Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, pp 722-742. 2. Pandey B. N., D. Sadhana and Joshi B.D.(2007) Biodiversity, A.P.H. Publishing Corporation,

New Delhi.

17


Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper BSL589 - Bioethics and Biosafety

Credits 3-0-0 1. Introduction to Bioethics and Biosafety: Introduciton, Need, Applications to Bioethics and

Biosafety. 2. Biosafety Guidelines and Regualtions in India: Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Organisms,

Plants, Animals Biosafety Protocol [UN Cartagena Biosafety Protocol(CBP)], Mechanism of Implementation, Politics.

3. Legal and Socio-economic Impacts of Biotechnology: 4. Use of Genetically Modified Organisms and their Release in Environment: Present Scenario and

Future of GMOs, Scientific Responsibility, GM Products: Benefits and Controversies, Environmental Effects.

5. Public Education of Producing Transgenic Organisms: Need, Public involvement, Examples. 6. Ethical Issues in Genetically Modified Organisms: Food and Crops, Techniques, Uses, Policy,

Health implications. 7. Labeling of Genetically Modified Food and Crops: 8. Hazardous Materials used in Biotechnology: Duties, Disposal, Safety, Exposure, Biological

Agents(Biohazards). 9. Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP): Definition,

Organization and Personnel, Test System, Standard Operating Procedures, Applicability of the GMP.

10. Traditional Knowledge, Commercial Exploitation and Protection: Definition, Need for the Protection, Types.

11. Bioethics in Biodiversity and Resource Management: Pressure on the Resources, Ethical Issues. 12. Indian Biodiversity Act: National Biodiversity Authority. 13. Use of Animals in Research and Testing and Alternatives for Animals in Research: Animal

Research and Testing, Animal in Research Animal Models of Disease. 14. Public and Non Governmental Organization (NGOs): Participation in the Cartagena Protocols in

Biosafety, NGOs in Biosafety and Biotechnology. References: Sateesh M.K. (2008). Bioethical and Biosafety, I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

18


Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper BSL590 - Sustainable Development

Credits 3-0-0 1. From Unsustainable to Sustainable Development: Introduction, Concept, Concern, The Key

Aspects, Path, Need, Strategy, Guidelines to Campaign, Status etc, Sustainable Agriculture, Sustainable Forestry etc. related to sustainable and unsustainable development.

2. Urban Problems Related to Energy: Energy Consumption and Energy Production Patterns, India's Efforts in Fulfilling of Energy Needs, Integrated Energy Management, Mismanagement in Power Distribution, Sustainable Energy Consumption.

3. Water Conservation, Rainwater Harvesting, Watershed Management: Introduction, Water conservation and Management Practices, Rainwater Harvesting - Traditional and Modern Techniques, Watershed Management - Importance, Objectives, Strategies, Steps, Success, Community evolvement, Training of watershed management etc. Desert Development Programme (DDP) in India, Watershed Development in Shifting Cultivation Areas, Watershed Development Under Employment Assurance, Integrated Watershed Development Programme (IWDP), Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP).

4. Resettlement and rehabilitation of People - Problems, Concerns and Case Studies: Introduction, Reasons, Issues Related to Displacement, Resettlement and Rehabilitation, Displacement due to Dams, Development Projects, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy: Objectives and Guidelines.

5. Environmental Ethics: History, Principles, need, Issues and Possible Solutions etc of Environmental Ethics, Traditional Indian Environmental Ethics, Gaia Hypothesis, Ethics in Solving Environmental Problems,

6. Climate Changes, Global Warming, G H effect, Acid Rains, Ozone Layer Depletion, Nuclear Accidents and Holocaust: Cause, Effects, Global and Human Diseases, Global Warming and Agriculture and Forestry, Remedial Measures to Reduce Global warming, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident (1986)

7. Wasteland Reclamation: Definitions, Classification, Distribution of Wastelands of India, Wasteland Reclamation Practices, Objectives of National Wasteland, Development Board, India.

8. Consumerism and Waste Products: World Consumerism Patterns, Strategies, Eco-labeling (Eco-Mark), Environment-Friendly Products etc.

9. Environment Protection Acts: Environmental Legislation in India, Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) act, 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act- 1981, The Environment (Protection) Act- 1986, National Environment Tribunal Bill- 1992, Environmental Impact Assessment- 1994.

10. Forest Conservation and Wildlife Protection Acts: Forest (Conservation) Act- 1980, Constitution and Function of Central Zoo Authority, Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Bill 2002.

11. Issues Involved in Enforcement of Environmental Legislation and Public Awareness: Environmental Legislation, Drawbacks of Air and Water Pollution, Forest (Conservation) and Wildlife (Protection) Act, Problems Faced in Enforcement, Public Awareness. Population Explosion, Causes of Population Explosions, Population Explosion and Arising Concerns, Impacts of Population Explosion on Environment, Populaiton Explosion in India, Environmental Information System(ENVIS).

19


Semester- III & IV

References:

1. Misra S.P. and Pandey S.N. (2011), Essential Environmental Studies (3rd Edition), Ane Books

Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, pp 722-742.

2. Swami, Dr. Parthasarthy, 2006. Human Values Development. Ane Books India, N.D.

20


Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper ESL581 - Urban Planning and Development

Credits 3-0-0

1. Historical perspectives: The roots of planning, Classic planning, Islamic planning, medieval planning, Indian Indus valley, Later planning theories: Haussman’s Boulevards, Sitte’s artistic planning, Howard’s garden city.

2. Economy in Urban systems models: Causes and effects in urban development, Growth models: economic base-multiplier model, input-out model, trend model, gravity model, intervening opportunity model, land market model.

3. City planning: Principles of city planning, types of cities & towns, Model building byelaws, eco-city concept.

4. Housing: Concept of housing, housing typology, housing standards, housing infrastructure, housing policies, housing programs in India, self help housing.

5. Environmental Studies in Building Science: Climate responsive design, energy efficient building design, thermal comfort, solar architecture, principles of lighting and styles for illumination.

6. Building Services: Water supply, sewerage and drainage systems, principles of electrification of buildings, intelligent buildings, elevators & escalators: their standards and uses, building safety and security systems.

7. Materials and Structural Systems: Characteristics of all types of building materials: mud, timber, bamboo, brick, concrete, steel, glass, FRP, different polymers, composites.

8. Traffic and Transportation Planning: Principles of traffic engineering and transportation planning, traffic survey methods: roads, intersections, grade separators and parking areas, traffic and transport management in urban areas, intelligent transportation system, mass transportation planning, para-transits and other modes of transportation, pedestrian & slow moving traffic planning.

References:

1. Broadbent, G. (1990). Emerging Concepts in Urban Space Design. Van Nostrand Reinhold (International) London.

2. Helly, W. (1975). Urban System Models. Academic Press. New York. 3. Hambleton, R. (1978). Policy Planning and Local Government. Hutchinson of London,

London. 4. Sain, M. (1982). Urban Planning in Third World. Mansell P Publishing Limited, London.

21


Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper ESL582 - Preventive and Social Medicine

Credits 3-0-0

1. Concepts in Community Health, Genetics and Health, Sociology and Health, Nutrition and

Health 2. Environment and Health: ` Water, Air, Ventilation, Lighting, Noise, Radiation, Meteorological

Environment, Housing, Solid Wastes Disposal, Excreta Disposal, Medical Entomology, Insecticides, Rodents.

3. Epidemiology : Epidemiologic methods, Uses of epidemiology, Screening for disease, Epidemic

Investigation, Infectious disease epidemiology, Disease transmission, immunity, immunizing agents, disease control and prevent, health advice to travelers, hospital acquired, infection, disinfection.

4. Diseases : A) Communicable I) Respiratory Tract Infections – smallpox, chickenpox, measles,

rubella, mumps, influenza, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis. II) Intestinal Infections – poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis, cholera, typhoid fever, food poisoning, amoebiasis, ancylostomiasis, III) Arthropod borne infections –yellow fever, dengue, KFD, rickettsial diseases, plague., malaria, sleeping sickness, kala azar, filariasis. IV) Suface Infections – Rabies, trachoma, tetanus, AIDS, leprosy, STD, yaws.

B) Non-Communicable Diseases and Conditions: Cancer, cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes.

Reference: Park, J.E. & Park, K. (1991). Preventive and Social Medicine. M/S Banarsidas Bhanot, Jabalpur.

22


Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper ESL583 - Geoinformatics in Environmental Management

Credits 3-0-0 1. Introduction: Geoinformatics and geographic information sciences, components of

geoinformatics, applications of geoinformatics, approach to the study of geoinformatics, legal

implications, geoinformatics and environmental modelling, GIS data collection, concept and

techniques of geoinformatics.

2. Surveying Technology: Introduction, surveyors, datum and reference systems, survey operations

classification of surveys, principles of surveying, methods of surveying, stages in surveying,

modern trends in surveying and mapping.

3. Cartography: Introduction, task of cartographer, model of cartographic communication,

cartographic symbolization, cartographic generalization, cartographic design, thematic cartography,

digital cartography, conventional mapping Vs. Digital mapping, layout and numbering of

topographical maps, classification of maps and map projections.

4. Photogrammetry: Introduction, brief history of photogrammetry, stereo photogrammetry,

stereoscopic parallax, aerial photography: classification, geometry and scale of vertical aerial

photographs, aerial triangulation, digital or soft copy photogrammetry.

5. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Satellites: Introduction, GPS elements, GPS satellite

constellation and signals, GPS measurements, GPS instrumentation, earth resources satellites,

meteorological satellites, satellite carrying microwave sensors, OCEANSAT-1(IRS-P4) and Ikonos

satellite series.

6. Geodesy: Definition, problems of geodesy, the ellipsoid of revolution, coordinate system of

rotational ellipsoid, spatial ellipsoid coordinate system, computations on the ellipsoid and satellite

geodesy.

7. Geographic Information Systems: Introduction, roots of GIS, overview of information system,

the four Ms, GIS architecture, theoretical models of GIS, theoretical frame work for GIS, GIS

softwares, GIS applications and GIS operations.

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Semester- III & IV

8. Forest Resources Management: Geomatics in forestry, forest cover mapping and change

detection, forest inventory (stock mapping), parameters of forest inventory, development of

working plan, Forest Management Information system(FMIS), forest fire forecasting and risk area

mapping, biodiversity characterization, wildlife habitat mapping.

9. Watershed Management: Introduction, concept of watershed, GIS database for watershed

management, model watershed, landuse and landcover, slope analysis, soil mapping,

hydrogeomorphological mapping, groundwater prospects map and drainage mapping

10. Water Quality Mapping and Modelling: Introduction, role of GIS and remote sensing in water

quality mapping and modeling, case study of Hyderabad city, correlation between water quality

and groundwater level, correlation between water quality index and landuse, groundwater quality

studies using SPANS and evaluation of impact of landuse / land cover changes on groundwater

quality.

11. Management of Natural Disaster (Landslides): Introduction, types and features and causes of

landslides, landslide analysis, remote sensing for landslide mapping, landslide analysis in GIS,

hazard mapping of landslides, case study of Kohima area.

12. Urban Planning and Management: Introduction, role of GIS and remote sensing in urban

planning and management, issues in urban planning, urban land use and infrastructure

identification and delineation, urban transport network identification and mapping, urban city guide

map change detection and updation.

References:

1. Curran, P.J. (1988). Principles of Remote Sensing. E.L.B.S., Longman Scientific and

Technical, Harlow.

2. Reddy, M.A. (2004).Geoinformatics for Environmental Management. BS Publications,

Hyderabad.

3. Smith, K. (1996). Environmental Hazards. Routledge Publishers, London.

4. Ustin, S.L. (Ed.) (2004). Remote Sensing for Natural Resource Management and

Environmental Monitoring. John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A.

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Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper

ESL584 - Solid Waste Management 3-0-0 Types, sources of solid waste, Physical and Chemical composition of solid waste. Solid waste management: Material flow in society, materials and energy recovery, Day to day solid waste management Solid waste generation, On site handling, storage and processing of solid waste. Collection of solid waste, Transfer and transport of solid waste. Processing of solid waste: mechanical volume reduction, Thermal volume reduction. Composting, Anaerobic digestion, Refuse Derived Fuels, Gasification, Pyrolysis. Landfilling, Design and operation of Landfills, Landfarming, Deep well injection. Methane emission estimates from Landfill sites. Overview of LandGeM software by USEPA. Fly ash disposal techniques, E-waste management, Biomedical waste management, Plastic waste management, Composting and Vermicomposting. References: 1. Freeman H, Standard Handbook for Hazardous Waste Management, McGraw Hill (1989) 2. Jagbir Singh & AL. Ramanthan. Solid Waste Management: present and Future Challenges, IK

International Publishing, New Delhi. 3. Kreith F and Tchobanoglous G, Handbook of Solid Waste Management, McGraw Hill (2002) 4. LaGrega M, Buckingham P and Evans J, Hazardous Waste Management, McGraw Hill (1994) 5. Municipal Solid Wastes (management and Handling) Rules, 2000. 6. Peavy, H. S., Rowe, D. R. and Tchobanoglous, G. (1985). Environmental Engineering. McGraw-

Hill Book Company, Singapore. 7. Pichtel J, Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Industrial and Hazardous, CRC Press (2005)

25


Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper ESL585 - BIOREMEDIATION

3-0-0 Biodegradation and bioremediation: Need of Bioremediation, Biochemodynamics of bioremediation; Biomarkers; Genetically modified organisms for bioremediation; Mechanisms of biodegradation/bioremediation; Important chemical pollutants bioremediated; Microbial remediation of heavy metals. Bioremediation of contaminated environment: Non-chlorinated SVOCs (PAHs) and VOCs (BTEX); Chlorinated SVOCs (organic pesticides) and VOCs, explosives/propellants. Factors influencing the bioremediation; In-situ bioremediation (bioventing, biosparging, bioaugmentation, etc.); Ex-situ bioremediation (landfarming, composting, biopiles, bioreactors, etc.); Engineering of bioremediation. Phytoremediation: Phytoextraction, Phytotransformation, Phytostabilization, Phytodegradation (rhizodegradation, rhizofiltration) and phytovolatilization. References 1. Alexander M. (1999). Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Academic Press, NY. 2. Bioremediation its Applications to Contaminated Sites in India - Ministry of Environment and

Forests, Govt. of India (moef.nic.in/downloads/public Information/Bioremediation Book.pdf)

3. Fulekar MH (2010). Bioremediation Technology, Capital Publishing, 1st ed. 4. Ronald LC and Donald LC (1996). Bioremediation Principle and Application, Cambridge Univ.

Press, London.

26


Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper ESL586 - ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND MANAGEMENT

3-0-0 Need for integration of Safety, Health and Environment (SHE), General instructions for safety, Policy, Planning, Implementation and Operation, Hazardous materials: Definition and classification; Material safety data sheets; Handling of hazardous materials. Regulations: Rules and regulations pertaining to the management and handling of hazardous chemicals, hazardous wastes, biomedical wastes, hazardous microorganisms, genetically engineered organisms or cells, municipal solid wastes, E-wastes, batteries and plastics. Hazard Identification: Assessment of risk; Risk management; OSHAS 18001 and Occupational health and safety management systems. Principles of Accident Prevention: Accident recording, analysis, investigation and reporting; On-site and off-site emergency preparedness and response plans; rules and regulations dealing with chemical accidents. Protection from Hazardous Materials: Personal protective equipment and clothing; Fire safety; Noise and vibrations; and Principles of noise control. Hazardous Material – Storage, Disposal and Safety: Notification of sites; Safety reports; and safety audits. Laboratory work: Material safety data sheets (MSDS); On site and off-site emergency plans; Environmental risk analysis; Safety audits; Preparation of safety reports and notification of sites. References

1. Central Pollution Control Boards. Pollution Control Acts, Rules and Notifications Issued Thereunder. Pollution Control Law Series (PCLS/02/2006)

2. Gustin JF, Safety Management: A Guide to Facility Managers, Taylor & Francis (2003) http://moef.nic.in/modules/rules-and-regulations

27


Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper ESL587 - Waste Stabilization Ponds

3-0-0 General reactions in Ponds, Role of bacteria and algae in waste treatment, Conversion of solar energy, Effect of illumination, temperature, nutrients on treatment efficiency. Aerobic decomposition, Anaerobic decomposition, Protozoa and Fungi. Design considerations: Quantity and nature of water, Sludge accumulation and grit, metrological data, Area requirements, Performance, Location, Shape and other constructional aspects, cost estimate. Constructional details: Pond bottom, Embankment, Top width, Slopes, Flood protection, Inlet arrangement, Inlet chamber, Grit removal channels, ponds interconnections, Outlet arrangement, Fencing, Warning sign, Access road and general lighting Operation and maintenance: Day to day inspection, Sampling and Analysis, maintenance of records, Overloading of ponds, Mosquitoes, Flies and water Fleas Health aspects: bacterial removal, Removal of Salmonella, Virus removal, Removal of Helminthes, Amoeba and Snails vectors Effluent Utilization: Irrigation, Pisciculture, Harvesting of algae, Water reclamation References

1. Archeivala SJ, Lakhshminarayana, JSSS, Alagarsamy, SR, Sastry, CA. (1970). Waste Stabilisation Ponds: Design, Construction & Operations in India. Central Public Health Engineering research Institute, Nagpur.

2. Sperling Marcos von ((2007). Waste Stabalisation Ponds. vol. 3, Biological Waste Treatment

Series, IWA, London.

28


Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper ESL588 - Water and Wastewater Analysis

3-0-0 Errors in quantitative analysis: Accuracy, Precision, Method Performance and Method validation. Expression of results, Sampling, Grab, Composite, Integrated, Laboratory apparatus and reagents, Preservation of samples, Precipitation, Filtration, Drying or Ignition, Desiccation. Preparation of standard solutions. Analytical balance, Gravimetric analysis, Volumetric analysis, Preparation of Normal solution, Primary and Secondary standards, Indicators used in water analysis, Acid and base titrations, precipitation method, Oxidation-reduction methods, Basics concepts of colorimeter, spectrophotometer, Calibration curve,. Conductivity, Turbidity (Nephelometric), Colour (Visual comparison, Spectrophotometric), Taste (Flavour threshold test), Oil & grease (Partition-Gravimetric) , Hardness (EDTA titration method), Alkalinity (Titration method), Sulphates (Gravimetric and Turbidimetric), Chlorides (Argentometeric), BOD (5 day BODand Respirometric method), COD (Closed reflux, Titrimetric), Nitrite (Colorimetric), Nitrates (UV Screening and Cadmium reduction), Iron (Phenanthroline), Flouride (SPANDS). Sample preparation for heavy metals, Extraction and enrichment in sample preparation, Principle of Extraction: Liquid-Liquid extraction, Liquid –solid extraction, Solid-Phase extraction. Tests on Sludge: Oxygen consumption rate, Settled volume sludge, Sludge volume index, Zone settling rate, specific gravity, Capillary suction time, Time-to-Filter. References: Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, APHA, 20th Ed. Sample preparation book.

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Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper ESL589 - ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT

3-0-0 Background and Basics: Environmental clearances, basic steps involved in the appraisal of development projects, Role of EIA; Public participation; Environmental Management Plan (EMP), MoEF guidelines and applicable legal requirements; Terms of reference; Draft and final EIA; Rapid EIA and comprehensive EIA; and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Impact Analysis: Activities, environmental aspects and environmental impacts; Baseline studies and environmental monitoring and environmental data collection; Identify, predict and evaluate different types of impacts; Tools and methods of impact analysis: checklists, matrices, networks, overlays and GIS, models and expert systems and professional judgments. Components of Impact Analysis: Socioeconomic impact analysis; Air and water quality impact analysis; Vegetation and wild life impact analysis; Noise impact analysis; Energy impact analysis. EIA Document: Purpose of preparing and submitting EIA documents, Summary EIA document, Draft EIA and final EIA document, Structure and contents of the EIA document; EMP and mitigation measures for anticipated environmental impacts. EIA Case Studies: Mining projects, Mineral processing, Manufacturing projects, Physical infrastructure projects; Highway projects, River valley projects, Thermal power plants, Oil refineries and petrochemicals. References

1. Canter L. (1996). Environmental Impact Assessment, McGraw-Hill, NY.

2. EIA manual. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. (http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/eia/so195.pdf).

3. Sadler B and McCabe M, Environmental Impact Assessment: Training Resource Manual,

UNEP (2002)

30


Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper ESL590 - Water Treatment Processes

3-0-0 General layout plan for water treatment. Control of algae, Causative factors for growth of algae, remedial measures. Control of taste and odour in water, Preventive and corrective measures. Cause of colour, Colour due to presence of Iron and manganese and its removal techniques (precipitation, contact beds, Zeolite, catalytic method), Algae, Colloidal organic matter, Industrial waste, Oxidation of colour, Treatment by activated carbon. Water softening: Lime treatment, Lime-Soda process, and ion-exchange. Deflouridation of water, Demineralization of water, Distillation (Solar stills, Single and multiple effect distillation). Desalination of water using Reverse osmosis and electro dialysis. Case studies of desalination system. References Manual of Water Supply and Treatment. (1999). Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization, Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi.

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Semester- III & IV

Elective Paper ESL591 - Environmental Laws and Impact Assessment

Credits 3-0-0 1. Meaning, definition and historical development of Environment Law, environment and constitution

of India, environmental legislative machinery, fundamental rights, directive principles of State policy and fundamental duties.

2. Environment Protection Act, 1986 and Environment Protection and Rules with latest amendments 3. The Factories Act, 1948 (Chapter III and IV – A). 4. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Rules with latest amendments 5. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977. 6. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 and Rules with latest amendments. 7. Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 with latest amendments 8. Indian Boiler’s Act, 1923 with latest amendments 9. Forest Conservation Act 1980, Indian Forest Act (Revised 1982) with latest amendments. 10. Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 with latest amendments. 11. Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976. 12. Introduction to Environmental Impact Analysis: Environmental impact statement and

Environmental management plan, EIA guidelines and notifications. 13. Details of EIA process: Goal identification, Survey of current and future resource needs,

Identification and prediction of environmental effects and benefits, Alternatives, Evaluation of environmental effects, cost benefit analysis, risk benefit analysis, Record of decisions taken, Creation of Environmental impact statement.

14. Impact assessment methodologies: Generalized approach to impact analysis, Procedure for reviewing Environmental impact analysis and statement, guidelines for Environmental audit.

15. Introduction to environmental planning: Baseline information and predictions (Land, water, atmosphere, energy etc.), Restoration and rehabilitation technologies.

References:

1. Canter, L. W. (1996). Environmental Impact Assessmen. McGraw Hill, New York. 2. Jain, R.K., Urban L.V. and Stacey, G.S. (1981). Environmental Impact Analysis: A New

Dimension in Decision Making. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. 3. Kreske, D.L. (1996). Environmental Impact Statemement: A practical guide for agencies,

citizens and consultants. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.. 4. Kulkarni, V.S., Kaul, S.N. and Trivedi, R.K. (2002). A Handbook of Environmental Impact

Assessment. Scientific Publishers, India. 5. Singh, P.P. and Sharma, S. (2004). Environment and Pollution Education. Deep and Deep

Publication pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. 6. Smith, K. (1996). Environmental Hazards. Routledge, London.

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