Factors leading to the Growth of Industry Connections and Technology.
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Transcript of Factors leading to the Growth of Industry Connections and Technology.
Factors leading to the Factors leading to the Growth of IndustryGrowth of Industry
Connections and TechnologyConnections and Technology
First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA
First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA
By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.
Cumberland (National Cumberland (National Road), 1811Road), 1811
Cumberland (National Cumberland (National Road), 1811Road), 1811
Erie Canal SystemErie Canal SystemErie Canal SystemErie Canal System
Erie Canal, 1820sErie Canal, 1820s
Begun in 1817; completed in 1825Begun in 1817; completed in 1825
Robert Fulton & the Steamboat
Robert Fulton & the Steamboat
1807: The 1807: The ClermontClermont
Principal Canals in 1840Principal Canals in 1840
Inland Freight RatesInland Freight Rates
The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)
1830 1830 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RROhio RR
By 1850 By 1850 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 31,000 31,000 mi.]mi.]
Clipper ShipsClipper Ships
TheRailroad
Revolution,1850s
TheRailroad
Revolution,1850s
The Railroad
*1st Transcontinental Railroad (1869)5 more transcontinental lines by 1900130,000 miles of lines
Consolidation
Railroad companies joined together to form larger companiesA few very wealthy individuals controlled the industry. The Railroad Barons
C. VanderbiltL. StanfordC. HuntingtonJ. Hill
Railroad Improvements
• Standardized Tracks– known as Standard
Gauge – Made all the tracks
the same size so that rail lines could be connected throughout the country
• Air Brakes
• Refrigerated Rail Cars
• Pullman Luxury Rail Cars– Sleeping Cars– Dining Cars
Railroad Improvements
Railroad Improvements
• Led to the creation of standard time zones
Impact on Industry and the Economy
• Brought raw materials from the West to Factories in the East– Iron ore– Coal– Timber– Gold, Silver, Copper
Impact on Industry and the Impact on Industry and the EconomyEconomy
• Brought goods to be sold in the markets
Impact on Industry and the Impact on Industry and the EconomyEconomy
• Growth of industries that supplied the railroad companies with materials– Coal Industry – Steel Industry – Lumber
Impact on Industry and the Impact on Industry and the EconomyEconomy
• Provided Jobs– Need for tracks– Railroad workers
LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources
• Iron Ore– Necessary for Making
Steel– Bessemer Process
made steel cheaper to produce so it could be more easily used
– Uses:• Railroad• Machinery• Barbed wire• Food Packaging (cans)• Bridges• Buildings (Skyscrapers)
LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources
• Coal– Used to power
trains and factories
– Was used to heat homes
LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources
OilEdwin Drake developed a process for drilling oil from the ground
• Crude Oil is refined and used in other products– Heating Oil– Gasoline– Kerosene for Lamps
LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources
LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources
• Lumber
LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources
• Mining of Gold and Silver provided wealth for people to invest in business
Technological Innovations Technological Innovations Inventors and InventionsInventors and Inventions
• Thousands of Inventions in the 19th century helped to mechanize and improve manufacturing
• America moved from water and steam power to internal combustion engines and electricity
Technological Innovations Technological Innovations Inventors and InventionsInventors and Inventions
• Patents- – provides an inventor
with the exclusive right to manufacture the invented item
• Inventor can also sell the right to manufacture the item to someone else
• Gives an inventor an incentive to come up with a new invention
Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell
Telephone (1876)Telephone (1876)
Henry BessemerHenry Bessemer
• Henry Bessemer– English
businessman
• William Kelly– Kentucky
businessman
– Developed new way of making steel: The Bessemer Process
Melt iron, add carbon, remove
impurities
George PullmanGeorge Pullman
• Luxury Railroad
Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison
“Wizard of Menlo Park” – had more than 1000 patents
“Wizard of Menlo Park” – had more than 1000 patents
The Light BulbThe Light BulbThe Light BulbThe Light Bulb
The Phonograph The Phonograph (1877)(1877)
The Phonograph The Phonograph (1877)(1877)
The Motion Picture The Motion Picture CameraCamera
The Motion Picture The Motion Picture CameraCamera
Thaddeus LoweThaddeus Lowe
• Refrigerated Rail Cars
The AirplaneThe AirplaneThe AirplaneThe Airplane
Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Wilbur Wright Orville Wright
Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903 Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903
Sholes, Glidden, and Sholes, Glidden, and SouleSoule
• Typewriter
George EastmanGeorge Eastman
• Camera