Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in ......Factors contributing to the...
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Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere 1. Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe 2. Support for the diffusion of Christianity 3. Political and economic competition between European empires 4. Innovations of European and Islamic origins in navigational arts 5. Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator
Transcript of Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in ......Factors contributing to the...
Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the
Western Hemisphere
1. Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe
2. Support for the diffusion of Christianity3. Political and economic competition between
European empires4. Innovations of European and Islamic origins in
navigational arts5. Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator
Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere
1. Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe Introduced to luxury items during
Crusades (1096-1270) 1st Spices from the east (Asia):
nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon & pepper
2nd Gold and Silver from the west(Americas)
Natural resources from both
Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere
2. Support for the diffusion of Christianity European hostility from Crusades Conversion of non-Christians in
Asia and later Native Americans(forced when Europeans go west)
Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere
3. Political and economic competition between European empires Portugal 1st led Europe in trade to
Asia; Vasco da Gama to Calicut, India Spain 1st led Europe in trade to
Americas; Columbus to the Caribbean Islands (Hispaniola); thought in Asia
Treaty of Tordesillas: signed in 1494, divided the new world between Portugal (Brazil) & Spain (rest of Americas)
Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere
4. Innovations of European and Islamic origins in navigational arts.Caravel (ship) had lateen
(triangular) sails to sail into wind (tacking)
Mariner’s Astrolabe (Muslim): uses the sun, planets, and stars to figure out latitude (north & south)
Magnetic Compass (Chinese)
Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere
5. Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator Portuguese prince; devout
Christian 1415, helped to defeat Muslim
city of Ceuta (N. Africa) Inspired by spices, gold, silver &
jewels found in Ceuta 1419, founded navigation school
for mapmakers, instrument makers, ship builders, scientists & sea captains
Establishment of overseas empires and decimation of
indigenous populations
European Explorers
European Explorers
• Vasco da Gama• Portugal• 1497-1498
– direct sea route to Asia– first European ship to reach Calicut,
India– spices, silk, and gems
Presenter
Presentation Notes
“Vasco da Gama handing the Samudra of Calicut a letter from the king of Portugal” (Coast of Malabar, 20 May 1498). Woodcut, coloured, after painting, c.�1890, by Jose Velloso-Salgado
European Explorers
• Christopher Columbus• Spain• 1492-1493
– Italian explorer; headed west for sea route to Asia
– arrived Bahamas (Caribbean Islands); Hispaniola
– led to European colonization of Americas
European Explorers
• Hernando Cortez• Spain• 1519
– landed in modern-day Mexico– conquered the Aztec Empire
(Montezuma II)– superior weaponry, help from other
natives, disease
Presenter
Presentation Notes
“The Meeting of Cortés and Montezuma” artist unknown
Montezuma II
European Explorers
• Francisco Pizarro• Spain• 1532
– marched into South America (Peru)– conquered the Incan Empire
(Atahualpa)– Atahualpa made deal to live if he
gave Pizarro what he wanted ; was killed anyway
Presenter
Presentation Notes
From: Edward R. Shaw: Discoverers and Explorers, 1900 Altualpa Attacked
European Explorers
• Ferdinand Magellan• Spain• 1519
– Portuguese explorer backed by Spain
– first to sail around South America & circumnavigate Earth for Europe
– fraction of the crew (minus Magellan) made it back to Spain, 1522
Presenter
Presentation Notes
April 27, 1521: EXPLORER MAGELLAN IS KILLED - Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan is killed by natives in the Philippines.
European Explorers
• Francis Drake• England• 1580
– sea captain turned pirate; ripping off Spanish ships for gold & silver
– first Englishmen to circumnavigate earth
– took control of Spanish seaports in Caribbean
European Explorers
• Jacques Cartier• France• 1534
– search for Northwest Passage to Asia
– sailed up St. Lawrence River to present-day Montreal (Quebec)
– claimed much of eastern Canada for France
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Painting by Adrien Hébert representing Jacques Cartier meeting the Iroquois. The Iroquois chief raises his arm as a sign of welcome, while Cartier responds by raising his own slightly while keeping the other hand on his sword.
