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Learning OutcomesStudents use the design process to:• Respond to a design brief; • Research and generate their own ideas (AO1);• Explore and develop ideas (AO2);• Investigate relevant artists, designers or craft practitioners. (AO1); • Experiment with relevant media, materials, techniques, processes and technologies to refine skills in

response to their design brief. (AO2);• Record their ideas, insights, plans and intentions coherently. (AO3);• Realise intentions and complete an outcome through the sustained application of the creative process.

(AO4).

The design process is mapped out below, showing clearly how the assessment objectives relate to each stage of the design cycle.

Figure 1

Design Process – Printmaking Case Study

FACTFILE: GCSEART AND DESIGNComponent 1 Part B: Investigating the Creative and Cultural Industries

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Design Stage 1. Investigate – develop or respond to a design brief.

“You are required to design a series of repeat patterns that will be used for an international printed pattern exhibition. Use these to design a Poster and Invite to publicise the exhibition. Carefully consider the layout, colour and typography for your design.”

Research Pages – Pattern in poster design Use books, journals, magazines, your own photographs and the internet to gather visual research around the design brief. Look for good examples of graphic design, layout, typography, colour, shape, illustrations.

Figure 2

Figure 3

Pattern in Poster Design

TYPOGRAPHY RESEARCH

FACTFILE: GCE HISTORY OF ART / ARCHITECTUREFACTFILE: GCSE ART AND DESIGN : DESIGN PROCESS

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Research Page – Layout for poster designGather various poster design layouts as inspiration and visual starting points for your own designs. Use magazines, graphic design books, and the internet for other sources of research and image collating.

Figure 4 Research Page – Own photographs of patterns

Create your own repeat patterns using photography, look for pattern in the world around you. Take as many photographs of repeat patterns that you can find and present your best 10 in a sketchbook page.

Figure 5

LAYOUT FOR POSTER DESIGN

PATTERN PHOTOGRAPHS

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FACTFILE: GCE HISTORY OF ART / ARCHITECTUREFACTFILE: GCSE ART AND DESIGN : DESIGN PROCESS

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Design Stage 2. Plan – generate ideas and explore possibilities.

Typographic Collage – the art of arranging type.

• Take an A4 or A3 piece of paper and design a composition layout like some of these examples below.

Figure 6

• Divide your piece of paper into 5 different sections and put an arrow in each segment of the composition (this will remind you what direction your typography will be going.)

• Take some magazines or newspapers and cut out a wide variety of typefaces. Use as diverse a range of typography as possible.

• Once you have all the examples of type cut out, you can begin to arrange your design. Remember to keep all of your lettering in each section pointed in the same direction as your drawn arrow.

Figure 7 Figure 8

Once you have decided on the final arrangement of your text you can then begin to stick each of the words down.

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Repeat Pattern ExamplesBlock Pattern Half Drop

Figure 9 Figure 10

Brick Interlocking Tessellation

Figure 11 Figure 12

Visit the online resource artlandia for a more extensive list of examples of pattern designs.http://artlandia.com/wonderland/glossary/

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Photoshop: Geometric Poster Design For this type of design you will need 2 images of your own patterns, these can be scanned hand drawn patterns, photographic patterns, collaged pattern or printed pattern motifs.

You will also need to have access to photoshop and download these free triangle geometric photoshop brushes or these free geometric shape brushes.

Step 1: Begin by opening your patterned image or drawing in photoshop and create a new layer in the layers palette in the bottom right hand corner of photoshop.

Figure 13

Step 2: Move your new layer (layer 1) underneath your image layer in the layers palette.

Figure 14

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Step 3: Click on your image layer, now right click on it and scroll down to select create clipping mask.

Figure 15

Step 4: Go back to layer 1, select your brush tool from the tool bar and adjust the size brush that you want.

Figure 16

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Step 5: Decide what area of the image you want to create your geometric pattern cut out image, left click and save your pattern as a PNG file. Saving the file in this format means that you are saving the image with a transparent background.

Figure 17

Step 6: Open another pattern image that you have created digitally, using collage, printmaking, drawing or in another medium of your choice. Then go to file – place embedded and select your image from there.

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Figure 18

Step 7: Embed your shape into your design, using the black corner boxes of the image to rotate and increase or decrease the scale of your embedded shape. Double click and then go to file, save as and this time save your design as a jpeg to include the white background.

Figure 19

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Step 8: You can then add text or other visual elements to complete your design.

Figure 20

Extension Photoshop TaskGo back to stage 4 of the previous photoshop task and create the clipping mask on your image and instead of drawing your photoshop brush on layer 1 experiment with a few overlapping each other on layer 0 or your base image.

Figure 21

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Then choose a larger shape and click it onto layer 1 this time. You will see the other sub patterns that you have created on the image layer coming through into your shape. Save this shape as a PNG file and you can use it to create other designs.

Figure 22

Figure 23 Figure 24

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Poster layout design Create a series of poster design layouts in 4 mediums of your choice, for example: pen, collage, ink, acrylic, markers, photoshop. You could use the following artists and designers as inspiration and visual starting points: Moholy Nagy, Josef Albers, Friedrich Vordemberge-Gildewart, Jean Helion, El Lissitzky.

Figure 25 Poster Design Layout in Pen

Monotype Pattern A monotype is a one-off print, “mono” meaning one and “type” meaning kind, so no two prints will ever be the same. It is the most painterly technique amongst printmaking methods.

Materials you will need:

• Roller• 1 piece of perspex (you can also use glass or metal as your printing surface)• Black Relief Ink• An old credit/gift card • Knitting needle (or something with a fine point to it for you to draw fine lines)• Cartridge paper• Water bath (the sink will do)• Newsprint • Flocked wallpaper• Small Printing press

Step 1: Use some of your poster design layouts as inspiration for creating some repeat patterns in monotype printmaking. Cut out various shapes, circles, squares, lines, triangles, geometric forms, abstract shapes from newsprint and flocked wallpaper.

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Figure 26 Figure 27

Step 2: Cut your cartridge paper and place it in a sink or tray of water to soak whilst you are inking up your plate. If you are using cartridge paper usually 5–10 minutes is a good time to leave your paper soaking. Alternatively if you are using printmaking paper (like fabriano) then 10–15 minutes is ideal for the paper to be in the water bath.

Step 3: Roll out your ink onto a flat surface. Make sure that you have just enough ink on your roller and that the ink is covering your roller evenly. (You don’t want to have too much ink on the roller as it will create uneven inking of your perspex plate.) Then carefully roll the ink onto your perspex plate, ensuring that you cover the entire surface of the plate evenly.

Figure 28 Figure 29

Step 4: Take your old credit card and draw with it across the plate into the ink, it will create some interesting patterns. You can experiment with the marks that it makes by drawing with it in a straight line, circular motions or by making zig zag’s. You can also take your knitting needle or something with a sharp point and draw into the plate to create more gestural imagery. (See Figure 29)

Step 5: Next you can now ink up a few of your flocked wallpaper shapes and lay these facing up onto the surface of the plate, don’t worry if they overlap on top of your drawings that you have already made in the ink. You can also lay some of the newsprint shapes that you have cut out onto the plate as well as these will create white areas when you print them. Think about the composition to get a balance of hand drawn pattern with flocked wallpaper pattern as well as thinking about the positive and negative space within the overall print.

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Figure 30

Step 6: Once you are happy with your design you are ready to print. Take your paper out of the water bath and blot off the excess water using blotting paper or a few sheets of newsprint. You want to make sure that your paper is damp but you shouldn’t see the water on the surface of your paper. Damp paper works best for monotype printing as it will pick up far more detail from the surface of your plate than if the paper was dry.

Step 7: Place your plate on the bed of the printing press (with the inked surface facing up) and lay your paper carefully on top. Put a sheet of tissue or newsprint on top as well, pull the blankets down and roll your print through the press.

Figure 31 Figure 32

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Step 8: Make sure that the press has completely stopped and pull the paper back off your plate to reveal your first monotype print pattern.

Figure 33

Step 9: Ideally leave your print in between two sheets of tissue paper or newsprint with some heavy books on top so that your paper dries completely flat.

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Lino Cut Repeat PatternMaterials you will need:

• Easy cut lino• Scalpel Knife• Pencil• Carbon paper• Lino cutter (ideally the small v cutter)• Relief Ink• 2 Rollers (1 for inking, 1 clean for printing)• Wooden spoon or barren • Cartridge Paper

Step 1: Begin by taking one of your repeat pattern designs and transfer it onto the surface of your lino plate either by using carbon paper or by drawing your design directly onto the lino.

Figure 34

Step 2: Select the small V shaped lino tool and carefully cut out the lines of the pattern you have drawn from the lino.

Figure 35

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Figure 36

Step 3: Roll out a light/pastel colour for your first layer and ink up the surface of the plate. Linocut is a relief printmaking process. This means that you are only printing the surface of the plate, so take care when inking up not to get ink down into the lines that you have just cut out.

Figure 37 Figure 38

Step 4: Once you have inked up your lino plate you can then lay a piece of cartridge paper on top and with your clean roller roll onto the back of your paper to print.

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Step 5: Pull back your paper to reveal your first lino cut print. You can now print four of the same lino cut in a block repeat pattern.

Figure 39 Figure 40 Step 6: Draw more patterns on to the lino plate and cut away the areas you want to stay the base colour. Then print in a darker colour on top of your first colour to layer your print.

Figure 41

* For more information on the Reduction Lino Cut process have a look at this three part online tutorial.

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Deconstructed Lino CutFor this deconstructed linocut you will need to take a piece of lino and cut it up into various shapes. You can cut patterns out of some pieces and others you can leave as a flat surface. Use some of your layout poster designs as inspiration for these types of prints. Layout your geometric pattern design and follow stages 3-5 from above to print.

Figure 42

Figure 43 Figure 44

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© CCEA 2017

Hyperlinks List

Graphic design books – https://www.amazon.co.uk/Ideas-that-Changed-GraphicDesign/dp/1856697940/ref=cm_wl_huc_item

Internet – http://designspiration.net/search/saves/page/1/?q=layout

Artlandia – http://artlandia.com/wonderland/glossary/

Free triangle geometric photoshop brushes – https://www.brusheezy.com/brushes/50535-21triangle-brushes

Free geometric shape brushes – https://myphotoshopbrushes.com/brushes/id/3480/

Josef Albers – http://www.albersfoundation.org/art/josef-albers/glass/index/

Friedrich Vordemberge-Gildewart – http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/vordemberge-gildewartcomposition-no-15-t01474

Jean Helion – https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/resource/cbqj4en/rgj8RBg

El Lissitzky – https://www.moma.org/collection/works/79040?locale=en

Tutorial – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVUJQnfRqI0

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