Facilities Management and Design

Chapter 6Electrical Systems

Basic Electrical Terms

VoltageAmperesWattageResistanceFrequencyPhases

Codes and Standards

Wire size and type Circuit loading Capacity Wiring conventions

Codes

National Electrical Code (NEC)– safety, minimum standards

OSHA safety standards– For electrical systems– safety-related work practices– maintenance requirements– special equipment

Elements of an effective electrical system and equipment maintenance program

Current electrical system plans Working knowledge of electrical practices

and building's electrical system Good housekeeping practices in electrical

equipment areas Knowledge and adherence to property safety

procedures Incorporation of electrical maintenance

procedures into building's PM program

Electrical system components

Fuses and circuit breakers (esp. GFCI) Distribution panels and wiring Electric motors Controls systems Drive elements Electronic equipment Emergency power systems Electrical maintenance equipment

Electric utility billing

Energy or consumption charge - kilowatt hours, kWh

Demand or capacity charge - business's highest rate of energy usage, kW

Ratchet clauses Read meters

– Daily or per shift for problem diagnosis– Monthly to check on utility company readings

Electric utility billing (Cont.)

Kilowatt-hour or Usage meter (like an odometer)

01

2

3

45

6

7

8

90

9

8

7

65

4

3

2

10

1

2

3

45

6

7

8

90

9

8

7

65

4

3

2

1

Electric utility billing (Cont.)

Kilowatt or Demand meter

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Electric utility billing (Cont.)

Rates vary by season time of day

Review Tariff options major changes in operations rate changes before and after implementing energy

conservation programs

Utility deregulation

choose an electric utility electric rates are more volatile following market ups and downs more power outages power-reliability problems potential for savings