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““Facilitating the area-based development (ABD) Facilitating the area-based development (ABD) approach in rural regions in the Western Balkans” PROJECTapproach in rural regions in the Western Balkans” PROJECT
Sergio Gomez y Paloma
Geertrui Louwagie Fabien Santini
Silvia Saravia Matus
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies – AGRILIFE unitInstitute for Prospective Technological Studies – AGRILIFE unit
1919thth SWG-RRD Meeting – 9 December 2010 SWG-RRD Meeting – 9 December 2010
The Institute for Prospective Technological StudiesThe Institute for Prospective Technological Studies
• a directorate of the JRC
• provides customer-driven support to EU policy making
• aims at policy challenges that have a socio-economic and science & technology dimension
The The AGRILIFEAGRILIFE unit within IPTS unit within IPTS
AGRILIFE Unit Actions: SUSTAG / AGRITRADE / AGRITECH
General objective: To facilitate local (RURAL) development in the Western Balkans
Specific objectives
1. To apply the ABD approach in a selected rural cross-border area in the Western Balkans
2. Disseminate the ABD strategy and action plan to potential donors – MAY 5, 2011 – Belgrade, Serbia
3. Develop a method using the ABD or SIMILAR participatory approaches for other rural areas in the Western Balkans, where such type of intervention may be appropriate
The The Western BalkanWestern Balkan Project Project
The The TARGET PILOT AREATARGET PILOT AREA Project Project
Target area:Drina-Tara
Municipalities:Serbia: Bajina Bašta, Užice, Priboj, Čajetina, Prijepolje, LjubovjaMontenegro: Pljevlja, Bijelo PoljeBosnia-Herzegovina: Višegrad, Srebrebnica, Milici, Bratunac, Rudo, Goražde
Administrative Arrangement between DG AGRI and the JRC - IPTS
Steering Group: AGRI, ELARG, JRC (meets 5 times)
Advisory Board: SWG secretariat, FAO, UNDP, OECD, World Bank (meets 3 times)
Financial/Logistical Support: SWG-RRDField Research Support: School on Local Development, Trento
Project Project IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION
o m3 (Sep 2010): Literature review & Set up of AREA – BASED DEVELOPMENT (ABD) case study target pilot areao m6 (Dec 2010): Preliminary assessment of development situation in pilot target areao m10 (Apr 2011): Completion of ABD approach in pilot target areao m12 (May 2011): Workshop – Donor Conferenceo m15 (Sep 2011): Final report
Project Project TIMELINETIMELINE
A. Case Study1. Defining a pilot target area2. Assessing the development situation
the baseline critical needspriority solutions/interventions
3. Defining the ABD interventionmain outcome (desired development situation)specific objectivesresults
B. Workshop – Donor Conference C. Methodological Package / Mapping & Identification of potential target
areas
Participatory
Project Project DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
PARTICIPATORY APPROACHPARTICIPATORY APPROACH
Assessment of the baseline development situation & Identification of critical needs
o Data collection / analysis – Use of statistical yearbooks (municipal level)o Identification of development gaps /problems to be addressed through participatory methods:
-Survey / Questionnaire – (280 interviewees = 20 * 14 municipalities)-Local Stakeholder Consultation (1/3 business sector, 1/3 public sector, 1/3 civil society)-DELPHI Group “Helicopter View” (11)
BASELINE ASSESSMENT & PARTICIPATORY BASELINE ASSESSMENT & PARTICIPATORY APPROACHAPPROACH
Survey / OCT 2010
PARTICIPATORY APPROACHPARTICIPATORY APPROACH
•Q1: Are you satisfied with the socio-economic development progress in your municipality? (Yes/No)•Q2: Which are the main obstacles to socio-economic development in your municipality and/or your sector of activity? (Open answer)•Q3: What do you think are the main assets for socio-economic development in your municipality in terms of economic sectors and in terms of people and institutions? (Open answer)•Q4: What are in your opinion the present limitations of cross-border interaction with neighbouring countries? What are the possibilities/opportunities? (Options)•Q5: Which of the following should be a focus of cross-border interaction with neighbouring countries? (Options)•Q6: List three priority actions for promoting development in your area. (Open answer)
Survey / OCT 2010 Q1 - Satisfaction
PARTICIPATORY APPROACHPARTICIPATORY APPROACH
Survey / OCT 2010 Q2 - Obstacles
PARTICIPATORY APPROACHPARTICIPATORY APPROACH
BASELINE ASSESSMENTBASELINE ASSESSMENT
Survey / OCT 2010 Q3 - Key players
BASELINE ASSESSMENTBASELINE ASSESSMENT
Survey / OCT 2010 Q4 - Obstacles CBC
BASELINE ASSESSMENTBASELINE ASSESSMENT
Survey / OCT 2010 Q5 – Opportunities CBC
Survey / OCT 2010 Q6 Key Priorities
PARTICIPATORY APPROACHPARTICIPATORY APPROACH
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18%
Urban regeneration
Social i ssues
Rural development and infrastructures
Promotion of natural resources
Youth programmes
Cultural activities
Promotion of investment and trade
Legal framework
Ski l l s development
Environmental protection
Cross-border col laboration
Employment
Infrastructures
Agriculture
Local governance
Tourism
Local economic development
0%
1%
2%
2%
2%
3%
3%
3%
4%
5%
6%
6%
9%
11%
13%
14%
16%
Quantitative Data: (1) Openness & Dynamism Indicators
BASELINE ASSESSMENTBASELINE ASSESSMENT
2008
Population change (2005-2008) (%)
% of upper secondary & higher education on labour force
Number of CSOs per 5000 inhabitants
Number of firms per 5000 inhabitants
Self-employment rate (%)
Total length of roads per area (km/km²)
% of roads modern surfacing on total roads in municipal territory
Bajina Basta 0,037 6,6 4 120 34,1 1,38 41,6
Priboj -4,5 9,1 3 194 28,4 0,26 63,4
Uzice -2,2 13,9 13 273 25,6 0,61 72
Cajetina -1,5 7,5 3 298 27,5 0,69 63,4
Prijepolje -2,2 7,6 11 231 27,3 0,52 49,3
Ljubovija -5,8 5,8 4 n/a 47,1 0,5 42,4
Pljevlja 0 7,6 6 109 n/a 0,48 69,8
Bjelo Polje 0 n/a 57 n/a n/a 0,42 72,8
Visegrad -1,9 n/a n/a 23 11,7 0,57 25,3
Srebrenica 0,3 n/a 10 13 n/a 0,42 13,5
Rudo -2,1 n/a n/a 49 n/a 0,15 26,9
Milici -0,5 n/a 2 90 n/a 0,92 12,5
Bratunac -0,8 n/a 10 100 n/a 0,68 61,3
Gorazde -1,2 n/a 57 n/a n/a 1 n/a
Quantitative Data: (1) Openness & Dynamism Indicators
BASELINE ASSESSMENTBASELINE ASSESSMENT
Quantitative Data: (1) Openness & Dynamism Indicators
BASELINE ASSESSMENTBASELINE ASSESSMENT
Quantitative Data: (2) Diversity of Local Economy & Agriculture
BASELINE ASSESSMENTBASELINE ASSESSMENT
2008 Employment rateHotels and restaurants (% of total registered legal entities)
Agricultural land as percentage of total area
Share of agricultural population on total population
Bajina Basta 0,2 0,0 0,4 0,2
Priboj 0,3 0,0 0,3 0,1
Uzice 0,4 0,0 0,5 0,0
Cajetina 0,4 0,1 0,6 0,2
Prijepolje 0,2 0,0 0,4 0,1
Ljubovija 0,3 n/a 0,6 0,3
Pljevlja 0,3 0,0 0,5 0,1
Bjelo Polje 0,2 n/a 0,4 n/a
Visegrad n/a 0,0 0,1 n/a
Srebrenica n/a 0,1 0,3 0,2
Rudo n/a 0,0 0,4 n/a
Milici n/a 0,0 0,4 n/a
Bratunac n/a 0,0 0,4 n/a
Gorazde 0,2 0,0 0,4 n/a
Quantitative Data: (2) Diversity of Local Economy & Agriculture
BASELINE ASSESSMENTBASELINE ASSESSMENT
Quantitative Data: (2) Diversity of Local Economy & Agriculture
BASELINE ASSESSMENTBASELINE ASSESSMENT
Quantitative Data: (3) Local Government Capacity
BASELINE ASSESSMENTBASELINE ASSESSMENT
Allocation of budget
2008 Education Health and social work Public administration Local development startegy
Bajina Basta n/a n/a n/a n/a
Priboj 0,50 0,10 0,28 0,08
Uzice 0,15 0,53 0,07 0,23
Cajetina 0,14 0,31 0,41 0,06
Prijepolje 0,66 0,08 0,19 0,02
Ljubovija 0,28 0,25 0,27 0,19
Pljevlja n/a n/a n/a n/a
Bjelo Polje n/a n/a n/a n/a
Visegrad n/a n/a n/a n/a
Srebrenica 0,03 0,04 0,25 0,33
Rudo n/a n/a n/a n/a
Milici n/a n/a n/a n/a
Bratunac n/a n/a n/a n/a
Gorazde 0,00 0,00 0,38 0,26
Stakeholder Group - Composition
PARTICIPATORY APPROACHPARTICIPATORY APPROACH
Municipalities; 14
Civil society organisations; 17
Private sector organisations; 13
Local Stakeholder Consultation: 6 Thematic working groups:
-Environmental Protection-Tourism-Infrastructure-Rural development (focus on agriculture)-SME’s & entrepreneurship-Human Resource Development (education & vocational
training)
5 meetings: 1NOV – 29 NOV – 20 DEC – 24 JAN – 7 FEBSteps: ID needs – Set priorities – ID inputs – Plan Output & Exit Strategy
PARTICIPATORY APPROACHPARTICIPATORY APPROACH
DELPHI Group - Composition
PARTICIPATORY APPROACHPARTICIPATORY APPROACH
4
5
2
SWG-RRD
ACADEMIC
NGO
DELPHI Group - Activities
PARTICIPATORY APPROACHPARTICIPATORY APPROACH
1st Phase OCT 2010 Set up & Introduction to the project
2nd Phase NOV – DEC 2010 Identification of common development needs & priorities (based on questionnaire findings and baseline assessment)
3rd Phase JAN – FEB 2011 Evaluation of key/strategic development actions
Contribution to local and international project-related conferences
Key OBJECTIVES:
- Disseminate the DRINA TARA pilot case study results among the INTERNATIONAL DONOR COMMUNITY- Raise awareness on adapted ABD potential use in other potential target areas in the Western Balkans- Seek commitment to participate in implementation
Project Workshop – DONOR CONFERENCE
Present an adapted methodology for participatory based development programmes in RURAL & CROSS BORDER areas in the Western Balkans:
o Build on the existing (ABD & local development approaches / LEADER / cross border) experienceso Draw lessons from the pilot case studyo Prepare a dissemination plan
Mapping exercise – Identification of other potential RURAL & CROSS BORDER areas suitable for participatory development interventions
Project – METHODOLOGICAL PACKAGE
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
Extra slides on PROJECT LITERATURE REVIEW: ABD
Afghanistan Rural Rehabilitation Programme (ARRP)
Central America – Programme for Displaced Persons, Refugees and Repatriated (PRODERE)
Sudan Stabilization and Development Schemes
UNDP - ABD Origins (1980’s)
Project Project LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW
ABD Definition
ABD targets specific geographical areas in a country, characterised by a particular complex development problem, through an integrated, inclusive, participatory and flexible approach. (Harfst, 2006)
ABD Theoretical Background
Endogenous Growth Theory / Endogenous DevelopmentParticipation / Decentralisation
Holistic / Multi-sectoral
Project Project LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW
ABD Implementation & EvaluationWhen to implement ABD
Am I dealing with a clearly identifiable area that has unique or specific problems that sets it apart from other areas in the country and therefore merits special attention?
Is the development situation in the area relatively simple (i.e. confined to one sector or issue with clearly identifiable causes and effects or is the situation complex and multi-dimensional where causes and effects are heavily interlinked?
(Harfst, 2006)
Project Project LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW
PAG – Public Administration & Participatory Governance; CPE – Community Participation & Empowerment; BIS – Basic Infrastructure & Services; LED – Local Economic Development; SDA – Social Development & Assistance; CPT – Conflict Prevention & Tolerance Promotion; PIR – Policy & Institutional Reform
From theory to practice: ABD Implementation & Evaluation
Examples of ABD Evaluation Reports
Programme Area Components PAG CE BIS LED SDA CPT PIR
Programme for Rehabilitation and Sustainable Social Development in Bosnia Herezegovina PROGRESS BiH
7 war-damaged municipalities in the northwest of Bosnia Herzegovina
X X X X X X
Municipal Improvement & Revival Programme – MIR I & II
South Serbia - 13 municipalities
X X X X
Municipal development in South West Serbia project – PRO I & II
West Serbia – 8 municipalities
X X X X
Project Project LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW
Other Approaches to Local Rural Development* INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT * PARTICIPATORY NEGOTIATED TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT * COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT * LEADER
Project Project LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW
LEADER VS ABD
Some similarities: area-based / bottom-up integrated & multi-sectoral actions
Some differences: no area-specific complex development problem required /
not necessarily inclusive (target groups) / poor consideration rural-urban linkages / Rural towns limited to areas with 5 000 - 100 000 inhabitants (< NUTS 3)
Experiences of Cross-border Cooperation (CBC) INTERREG-A
Factors for successful and effective CBC: legal framework for CBC, quality of partnerships, degree of institutionalisation
Project Project LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW
Recommendations / Lessons for ABDABD intervention – design
- Accurately define target area- Focus intervention on needs and priorities of the area- Promote early involvement of stakeholders & donors- Ensure unbiased participation- Match resources (time, budget) with objectives- Guarantee coherence: ABD program with macro-situation
Project Project LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW
Recommendations / Lessons for ABDABD intervention – Management
- Coordinate activities (also across donors)- Monitor and evaluate regularly- Reduce transaction costs- Foresee exit strategy
Project Project LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW