FACILITATING MIGRANTS AND DIASPORAS CONTRIBUTIONS FOR LAND BASED ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE

INTEGRATING MIGRATION INTO DEVELOPMENT:

DIASPORA AS A DEVELOPMENT ENABLER

Dina Ionesco, Focal point Migration, Environment and Climate Change (MECC)

International Organization for Migration (IOM)

IOM Rome, 2-3 October 2014

II. MIGRANTS AND DIASPORAS CONTRIBUTIONS FOR LAND BASED ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE:

FOUR POLICY LENSES

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1. THE MIGRATION MANAGEMENT LENS

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Environmental migration: a complex multi-causal phenomenon

Impacts of both sudden and slow onset events

Climate change and land degradation as aggravating factors ©

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Internal / International / Regional Temporary / Permanent / Circular

Forced / Voluntary

To prevent forced migration resulting from environmental factors

To provide assistance and protection to affected populations and seek durable solutions where forced migration does occur

To facilitate migration as an adaptation strategy to climate change

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Information Services for Migrants Planned relocation Facilitated labour migration Consular services Diasporas policies Regional Consultative Processes Humanitarian Border

Management Sustainable return migration and

ending displacement

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© IOM 2006

2. A CLIMATE AND LAND BASED ADAPTATION LENS

IPCC Report 2014, Group 2 on Adaptation“Changes in migration patterns can be responses to both extreme weather events and longer-term climate variability and change, and migration can also be an effective adaptation strategy.’’

Adaptation and land rehabilitation reduce migratory pressures to avert forced forms of migration

Migration envisioned as a land based adaptation strategy (mainstreaming migration into National Adaptations Plans NAPs) 6

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UNFCCC Cancun Adaptation Framework 2010 CP16/ Paragraph 14F“Measures to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation with regard to climate change induced displacement, migration and planned relocation, where appropriate, at the national, regional and international levels”

UNCCD COP 2015 Land-based Adaptation and Resilience Linking adaptation measures to land use practices and common measures of success.

Climate Conference 2015 (UNFCCC COP 21 Paris France)

© IOM 2009 - MAZ0016

SafetyOpportunities

MarginalizationNew risks

Mobile people

Loss of human capitalDemographic unbalance

Household & communityof origin

Livelihood diversificationResources

Communityof destination

Increased cultural diversitySupport to local economy

Stress on market & servicesEnvironmental degradation

Dual link between mobility and riskMobility as a factor of resilience and vulnerability

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3. A DISASTER RISK REDUCTION LENS

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Second Hyogo Framework PrepCom1 discussions: Philippines, Nepal, Bangladesh, DRC, Norway, Cook islands, Uganda

Pre-zero draft text 16.d and 26.b (long term impacts of displacement on communities and potential for additional vulnerabilities): migrants not included in specific vulnerable groups

Communication from EC on the HFA2 recognizes that climate change might be a threat multiplier leading to migration

4. A DEVELOPMENT LENS

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Migration: partnerships for development

Local development, land opportunities

Transnational business

SDGs post 2015: Target Goal 1: “Means of

Implementation and Partnerships”

Target Goal 2: “Decrease poverty and inequalities”

Target Goal 3: “Economic growth and decent work”

© IOM 2013 Alan Motus

II. FOCUS FOR FURTHER ACTION

FIVE KEY AREAS

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1. BUILDING THE EVIDENCE- BASE

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Migration, Environment and Climate Change: Evidence for Policy Making (MECLEP)

IDMC and Climate Interactive drought related displacement model including land use policies effects

2. BUILDING CAPACITIES

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Climatic and environmental drivers pose new migration management challenges and require capacities to address them from a sustainable development perspective

3.LEVERAGE FUNDING

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Fund activities with a migration dimension through adaptation funding:

Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), Adaptation Fund, Green Climate Fund (GCF)

National Adaptation Plans (NAPS) and Integrated Financing Strategies (IFS)

The Global Environmental Facility (GEF): the case for land and migration

The Global Mechanism: Promoting sustainable land management in migration prone areas in West Africa

Boost the role of remittances and investments

Sustainable land management in Financial Inclusion Initiative (G20)

Innovative mechanisms leveraging remittances and access through innovative tools

IOM International Development Fund (IDF) New generation of matching initiative

4. Mitigate impacts of forced or mass migration

3. Manage migration:

assistance and protection

1. Prevent forced migration, facilitate

migration as adaptation and

DRR

2. Prepare for displacement and

relocation

Prevent

PrepareManage

Mitigate

Develop

4. Operationalize

5. Address long-term challenges:

durable solutions,

migration, DRR, development

and adaptation

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5. MAINSTREAM MIGRATION IN OVERALL POST 2015 FRAMEWORK

Post 2015 Development Agenda

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DRR Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA-2) 2015

Climate UNFCCC COP21 France 2015

Land desertification UNCCD COP Turkey 2015

Humanitarian Summit 2016

M I G R

A T I

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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION MIGRATION, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE Thank you!

Dina Ionescodionesco@iom.int

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