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Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

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nblji lqce} qcdjis, lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs nja qce }e`nqea jlqes nja qce seoqdljs ejqdqèa ‐]dsf Hnoql}s‒ nja ‐Bnjniebejq—s Adsoussdlj nja Njn`tsds lh Hdjnjodn`

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HNOEMLLF, DJO*

Lu} bdssdlj ds ql bnfe qce yl}à bl}e lwej nja oljjeoqea*

Welwè use Hnoemllf ql sqnt oljjeoqea ydqc qced} h}dejas nja hnbd`t, ql adsolxe} ycnq ds ildji lj dj qce yl}à n}luja qceb, nja ql scn}e nja ew}ess ycnq bnqqe}s ql qceb ql qce

welwè qcet on}e nmluq*

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bl}e we}sljn`d{ea, slodn`, nja ejinidji*

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ns qced} nie, lonqdlj, iejae}, l} djqe}esqs* Ye lhhe} naxe}qdse}s n ujd~ue olbmdjnqdlj lh }enoc, }eèxnjoe, slodn` oljqeq, nja ejiniebejq ql ejcnjoe qce xnùe lh qced} nas*

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and`t `dxes* Ye cnxe ewe}dejoea }nwda i}lyqc dj qce jubme} lh use}s nja qced} ejiniebejq*

• Ye cna 315 bd``dlj BNUs ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nj djo}ense lh ?4% ns olbwn}ea ql 873 bd``dlj BNUs ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7*

• Ye cna 13? bd``dlj and`t noqdxe use}s #ANUs$ lj nxe}nie dj Aeoebme} =7>>, nj djo}ense lh 13% ns olbwn}ea ql ?=9 bd``dlj ANUs dj Aeoebme} =7>7*

• Ye cna bl}e qcnj 1=5 bd``dlj BNUs ycl usea Hnoemllf blmdè w}lauoqs dj Aeoebme} =7>>*

• Qce}e ye}e bl}e qcnj >77 md``dlj h}deja oljjeoqdljs lj Hnoemllf ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

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45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Hl} n aeso}dwqdlj lh cly ye onòu`nqe lu} BNUs nja ANUs nja hnoql}s qcnq onj nhheoq qcese beq}dos, see ‐Djausq}t Anqn nja Use} Beq}dos‒ nja ‐Bnjniebejq—s Adsoussdlj nja

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Cly Ye O}enqe Xnùe hl} Use}s

Lu} qlw w}dl}dqt ds ql mudà usehu` nja ejinidji w}lauoqs qcnq ejnmè tlu ql;

• Oljjeoq ydqc Tlu} H}dejas* Ydqc 315 bd``dlj BNUs yl}àydae, lu} use}s n}e djo}ensdji`t nmè ql hdja nja sqnt oljjeoqea ydqc qced} h}dejas, hnbd`t, nja ol`èniues lj

Hnoemllf*

• Adsolxe} nja @en}j* Ye me`dexe qcnq use}s olbe ql Hnoemllf ql adsolxe} nja èn}j bl}e nmluq ycnq ds ildji lj dj qce yl}à n}luja qceb, wn}qdou`n}`t dj qce `dxes lh qced}h}dejas nja hnbd`t nja ydqc wum`do hdiu}es nja l}injd{nqdljs qcnq djqe}esq qceb*

• Ew}ess Tlu}se`h* Ye ejnmè lu} use}s ql scn}e nja wum`dsc qced} lwdjdljs, daens, wclqls, nja noqdxdqdes ql nuadejoes }njidji h}lb qced} o`lsesq h}dejas ql lu} 315 bd``dlj

use}s, idxdji exe}t use} n xldoe ydqcdj qce Hnoemllf olbbujdqt*

• Oljq}l` Ycnq Tlu _cn}e* Qc}luic Hnoemllf—s w}dxnot nja scn}dji seqqdjis, lu} use}s onj oljq}l` ycnq qcet scn}e nja ydqc yclb qcet scn}e dq*

• Ewe}dejoe Hnoemllf No}lss qce Yem* Qc}luic nwws nja yemsdqes mud`q mt aexe`lwe}s usdji qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b, lu} use}s onj djqe}noq ydqc qced} Hnoemllf h}dejas ycdè

w`ntdji inbes, `dsqejdji ql busdo, ynqocdji blxdes, }enadji jeys, nja ejinidji dj lqce} noqdxdqdes*

• _qnt Oljjeoqea ydqc Tlu} H}dejas lj Blmdè Aexdoes* Qc}luic qce olbmdjnqdlj lh lu} blmdè sdqes, sbn}qwclje nwws, nja henqu}e wclje w}lauoqs, use}s onj m}dji

Hnoemllf ydqc qceb lj blmdè aexdoes yce}exe} qcet il*

Hlujanqdljs lh qce _lodn` Yem

Ye me`dexe qcnq qce yem, djoùadji qce blmdè yem, ds exl`xdji ql meolbe bl}e slodn` nja we}sljn`d{ea* Qcds exlùqdlj ds o}enqdji bl}e }eyn}adji ewe}dejoes qcnq n}e oejqe}ea lj

welwè, qced} oljjeoqdljs, nja qced} djqe}esqs* Ye me`dexe qcnq qce hl``lydji eèbejqs hl}b qce hlujanqdlj lh qce slodn` yem;

• Nuqcejqdo Daejqdqt* Ye me`dexe qcnq usdji tlu} }en` jnbe, oljjeoqdji ql tlu} }en` h}dejas, nja scn}dji tlu} iejudje djqe}esqs lj`dje o}enqe bl}e ejinidji nja benjdjihu`

ewe}dejoes* ]ew}esejqdji tlu}se`h ydqc tlu} nuqcejqdo daejqdqt lj`dje ejolu}nies tlu ql mecnxe ydqc qce snbe jl}bs qcnq hlsqe} q}usq nja }esweoq dj tlu} and`t `dhe lhh`dje*

Nuqcejqdo daejqdqt ds ol}e ql qce Hnoemllf ewe}dejoe, nja ye me`dexe qcnq dq ds oejq}n` ql qce huqu}e lh qce yem* Lu} qe}bs lh se}xdoe }e~ud}e tlu ql use tlu} }en` jnbe nja ye

ejolu}nie tlu ql me tlu} q}ue se`h lj`dje, ejnm`dji us nja W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql w}lxdae tlu ydqc bl}e we}sljn`d{ea ewe}dejoes*

• _lodn` I}nwc* Qce _lodn` I}nwc }ew}esejqs qce oljjeoqdljs meqyeej welwè nja qced} h}dejas nja djqe}esqs* Exe}t we}slj l} ejqdqt ds }ew}esejqea mt n wldjq ydqcdj qce i}nwc,

nja qce nhhd`dnqdljs meqyeej welwè nja qced} h}dejas nja djqe}esqs hl}b md``dljs lh oljjeoqdljs meqyeej qce wldjqs* Lu} bnwwdji lh qce _lodn` I}nwc ejnmès Hnoemllf nja

W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql mudà bl}e ejinidji use} ewe}dejoes qcnq n}e mnsea lj qcese oljjeoqdljs*

• _lodn` Adsq}dmuqdlj* Lxe} qdbe, welwè n}e oljsubdji nja o}enqdji bl}e fdjas lh djhl}bnqdlj nq n hnsqe} wnoe no}lss n m}lnae} }njie lh aexdoes* Qce i}lydji xlùbe lh

djhl}bnqdlj bnfes dq ocn`èjidji ql hdja benjdjihu` nja q}usqea oljqejq nja ql ehheoqdxe`t bnfe tlu} xldoe cen}a* Hnoemllf l}injd{es nja w}dl}dqd{es oljqejq nja se}xes ns n

wlye}hu` slodn` adsq}dmuqdlj qll` ae`dxe}dji ql use}s ycnq ye me`dexe qcet yd`` hdja blsq olbwe``dji mnsea lj qced} h}dejas nja djqe}esqs*

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45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Cly Ye O}enqe Xnùe hl} Aexe`lwe}s Qc}luic qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b

Qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b ds n seq lh aexe`lwbejq qll`s nja nww`donqdlj w}li}nbbdji djqe}hnoes #NWDs$ qcnq ejnmès aexe`lwe}s ql ensd`t djqei}nqe ydqc Hnoemllf ql o}enqe slodn` nwws

nja yemsdqes nja ql }enoc lu} 315 bd``dlj use}s* W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s mudà ewe}dejoes qcnq n``ly lu} use}s ql oljjeoq nja scn}e ydqc h}dejas ycdè ejinidji dj n ydae }njie lh noqdxdqdes*

W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s }njie h}lb n squaejq lj cds l} ce} olbwuqe} nq clbe ql qenbs lh w}li}nbbe}s nq ènadji yemsdqes* Ye n}e hlousea lj qce i}lyqc nja suooess lh W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s mt

ejnm`dji;

• We}sljn`d{ea nja _lodn` Ewe}dejoes* Ye ejnmè W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql o}enqe meqqe} w}lauoqs qcnq n}e we}sljn`d{ea nja slodn` nja qcnq lhhe} jey ynts hl} lu} use}s ql

ejinie ydqc h}dejas nja scn}e ewe}dejoes no}lss qce yem nja lj blmdè aexdoes* Hl} enbwè, n Hnoemllf use} onj xdsdq qce Wnjal}n yemsdqe nja dbbeadnqe`t meidj

`dsqejdji ql n we}sljn`d{ea }nadl sqnqdlj qcnq ds ousqlbd{ea mnsea lj qce mnjas qce use} @dfes lj Hnoemllf*

• _lodn` Adsq}dmuqdlj* Ye ejnmè W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql }enoc lu} i`lmn` use} mnse nja use lu} slodn` adsq}dmuqdlj ocnjje`s ql djo}ense q}nhhdo ql qced} nwws nja yemsdqes*

• Wntbejqs* Ye w}lxdae nj lj`dje wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e qcnq ejnmès W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql }eoedxe wntbejqs h}lb lu} use}s dj nj enst"ql"use, seou}e, nja q}usqea

ejxd}ljbejq*

Cly Ye O}enqe Xnùe hl} Naxe}qdse}s nja Bn}feqe}s

Ye lhhe} naxe}qdse}s nja bn}feqe}s n ujd~ue olbmdjnqdlj lh }enoc, }eèxnjoe, slodn` oljqeq, nja ejiniebejq;

• ]enoc* Hnoemllf lhhe}s qce nmd`dqt ql }enoc n xnsq oljsube} nuadejoe lh lxe} 377 bd``dlj BNUs ydqc n sdjiè naxe}qdsdji wu}ocnse*

• ]eèxnjoe* Naxe}qdse}s onj sweodht qcnq ye scly qced} nas ql n sumseq lh lu} use}s mnsea lj aebli}nwcdo hnoql}s nja sweodhdo djqe}esqs qcnq qcet cnxe oclsej ql scn}e ydqc us

lj Hnoemllf l} mt usdji qce @dfe muqqlj n}luja qce yem* Ye n``ly naxe}qdse}s ql seèoq }eèxnjq nja nww}lw}dnqe nuadejoes hl} qced} nas, }njidji h}lb bd``dljs lh use}s dj qce

onse lh i`lmn` m}njas ql cuja}eas lh use}s dj qce onse lh sbn`è}, `lon` musdjesses*

• _lodn` Oljqeq* Ye me`dexe qcnq qce }eolbbejanqdljs lh h}dejas cnxe n wlye}hu` djhùejoe lj oljsube} djqe}esq nja wu}ocnse aeodsdljs* Ye lhhe} naxe}qdse}s qce nmd`dqt ql

djoùae ‐slodn` oljqeq‒ ydqc qced} bn}feqdji bessnies* _lodn` oljqeq ds djhl}bnqdlj qcnq cdic`dicqs n use}—s h}dejas— oljjeoqdljs ydqc n wn}qdou`n} m}nja l} musdjess, hl}

enbwè, qcnq n h}deja @dfea n w}lauoq l} oceofea dj nq n }esqnu}njq* Ye me`dexe qcnq use}s hdja bn}feqdji bessnies bl}e ejinidji ycej qcet djoùae slodn` oljqeq*

• Ejiniebejq* Ye me`dexe qcnq qce scdhq ql n bl}e slodn` yem o}enqes jey lwwl}qujdqdes hl} musdjesses ql ejinie ydqc djqe}esqea ousqlbe}s* Njt m}nja l} musdjess onj o}enqe n

Hnoemllf Wnie ql sqdbu`nqe nj ljildji adn`li ydqc lu} use}s*

Lu} Bn}feq Lwwl}qujdqt

Lu} Naxe}qdsdji Bn}feq Lwwl}qujdqt

Naxe}qdse}s— lmkeoqdxes }njie h}lb mudàdji `lji"qe}b m}nja nyn}ejess ql sqdbu`nqdji nj dbbeadnqe wu}ocnse* Ye lhhe} naxe}qdsdji slùqdljs qcnq n}e aesdijea ql me bl}e ejinidji

nja }eèxnjq hl} use}s dj l}ae} ql ce`w naxe}qdse}s meqqe} nocdexe qced} iln`s* Hnoemllf—s olbmdjnqdlj lh }enoc, }eèxnjoe, slodn` oljqeq, nja ejiniebejq idxes naxe}qdse}s ejcnjoea

lwwl}qujdqdes ql ieje}nqe m}nja nyn}ejess nja nhhd`dnqdlj, ycdè n`sl o}enqdji jey ynts ql ieje}nqe jen}"qe}b aebnja hl} qced} w}lauoqs h}lb oljsube}s `dfe`t ql cnxe wu}ocnse

?


45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

djqejq* Nool}adji ql nj djausq}t slu}oe, qlqn` yl}àydae naxe}qdsdji swejadji dj =7>7 yns !533 md``dlj* Lu} naa}essnmè bn}feq lwwl}qujdqt djoùaes wl}qdljs lh bnjt edsqdji naxe}qdsdji

bn}feqs, djoùadji qce q}nadqdljn` lhh`dje m}njaea naxe}qdsdji, lj`dje adsw`nt naxe}qdsdji, lj`dje we}hl}bnjoe"mnsea naxe}qdsdji, nja blmdè naxe}qdsdji bn}feqs*

Naxe}qdsdji lj qce slodn` yem ds n sdijdhdonjq bn}feq lwwl}qujdqt qcnq ds sqd`` ebe}idji nja exl`xdji* Ye me`dexe qcnq blsq naxe}qdse}s n}e sqd`` èn}jdji nja ewe}dbejqdji ydqc qce

mesq ynts ql èxe}nie Hnoemllf ql o}enqe bl}e slodn` nja xnùnmè nas*

Lu} Bn}feq Lwwl}qujdqt hl} Wntbejqs

Ycej use}s wu}ocnse xd}qun` nja adidqn` illas h}lb lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s usdji lu} Wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e, ye }eoedxe hees qcnq }ew}esejq n wl}qdlj lh qce q}njsnoqdlj xnùe*

Ou}}ejq`t, sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh qce Wntbejqs q}njsnoqdljs meqyeej lu} use}s nja W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s n}e hl} xd}qun` illas usea dj slodn` inbes* Nool}adji ql nj djausq}t slu}oe, qceyl}àydae }exejue ieje}nqea h}lb qce snè lh xd}qun` illas djo}ensea h}lb != md``dlj dj =779 ql !9 md``dlj dj =7>7, nja ds hl}eonsqea ql djo}ense ql !>5 md``dlj mt =7>1* Ye ou}}ejq`t

}e~ud}e Wntbejqs djqei}nqdlj dj inbes lj Hnoemllf, nja ye bnt seef ql eqeja qce use lh Wntbejqs ql lqce} qtwes lh nwws dj qce huqu}e*

Lu} _q}nqeit

Ye n}e dj qce en}`t ants lh wu}sudji lu} bdssdlj ql bnfe qce yl}à bl}e lwej nja oljjeoqea* Ye me`dexe qcnq ye cnxe n sdijdhdonjq lwwl}qujdqt ql hu}qce} ejcnjoe qce xnùe ye

ae`dxe} ql use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s* Fet eèbejqs lh lu} sq}nqeit n}e;

• Ewnja Lu} I`lmn` Use} Olbbujdqt* Ye oljqdjue ql hlous lj i}lydji lu} use} mnse no}lss n`` ieli}nwcdes, djoùadji }e`nqdxe`t èss"wejeq}nqea, `n}ie bn}feqs suoc ns

M}n{d`, Ie}bnjt, Djadn, Knwnj, ]ussdn, nja _luqc Fl}en* Ye djqeja ql i}ly lu} use} mnse mt oljqdjudji lu} bn}feqdji nja use} no~udsdqdlj ehhl}qs nja ejcnjodji lu}

w}lauoqs, djoùadji blmdè nwws, dj l}ae} ql bnfe Hnoemllf bl}e nooessdmè nja usehu`*

• Mudà I}enq _lodn` W}lauoqs ql Djo}ense Ejiniebejq* Ye w}dl}dqd{e w}lauoq aexe`lwbejq djxesqbejqs qcnq ye me`dexe yd`` o}enqe ejinidji djqe}noqdljs meqyeej lu} use}s,

aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s lj Hnoemllf, no}lss qce yem, nja lj blmdè aexdoes* Ye oljqdjue ql djxesq sdijdhdonjq`t dj dbw}lxdji lu} ol}e w}lauoqs suoc ns Jeys Heea,

Wclqls, nja I}luws, aexe`lwdji jey w}lauoqs suoc ns Qdbe`dje nja Qdofe}, nja ejnm`dji jey W`nqhl}b nwws nja yemsdqe djqei}nqdljs*

• W}lxdae Use}s ydqc qce Blsq Olbwe``dji Ewe}dejoe* Hnoemllf use}s n}e scn}dji nja }eoedxdji bl}e djhl}bnqdlj no}lss n m}lnae} }njie lh aexdoes* Ql w}lxdae qce blsq

olbwe``dji use} ewe}dejoe, ye oljqdjue ql aexe`lw w}lauoqs nja qeocjl`lides hlousea lj lwqdbd{dji lu} slodn` adsq}dmuqdlj ocnjje`s ql ae`dxe} qce blsq usehu` oljqejq ql

enoc use} mt njn`t{dji nja l}injd{dji xnsq nblujqs lh djhl}bnqdlj dj }en` qdbe*

• Mudà Ejinidji Blmdè Ewe}dejoes* Ye n}e aexlqdji sumsqnjqdn` }eslu}oes ql aexe`lwdji ejinidji blmdè w}lauoqs nja ewe}dejoes hl} n ydae }njie lh w`nqhl}bs,

djoùadji sbn}qwcljes nja henqu}e wcljes* Dj naadqdlj, ye n}e yl}fdji no}lss qce blmdè djausq}t ydqc lwe}nql}s, cn}ayn}e bnjuhnoqu}e}s, lwe}nqdji stsqeb w}lxdae}s, njaaexe`lwe}s ql dbw}lxe qce Hnoemllf ewe}dejoe lj blmdè aexdoes nja bnfe Hnoemllf nxnd`nmè ql bl}e welwè n}luja qce yl}à* Ye me`dexe qcnq blmdè usnie ds o}dqdon` ql

bndjqndjdji use} i}lyqc nja ejiniebejq lxe} qce `lji qe}b*

• Ejnmè Aexe`lwe}s ql Mudà I}enq _lodn` W}lauoqs Usdji qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b* Qce suooess lh lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s nja qce xdm}njot lh lu} W`nqhl}b eolstsqeb n}e

fet ql djo}ensdji use} ejiniebejq*

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45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ye oljqdjue ql djxesq dj qll`s nja NWDs qcnq ejcnjoe qce nmd`dqt lh W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql ae`dxe} w}lauoqs qcnq n}e bl}e slodn` nja we}sljn`d{ea nja meqqe} ejinie use}s lj

Hnoemllf, no}lss qce yem, nja lj blmdè aexdoes* Naadqdljn``t, ye w`nj ql djxesq dj ejcnjodji lu} Wntbejqs lhhe}djis nja dj bnfdji qce Wntbejqs ewe}dejoe lj Hnoemllf

ns oljxejdejq ns wlssdmè hl} use}s nja W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s*

• Dbw}lxe Na W}lauoqs hl} Naxe}qdse}s nja Use}s* Ye w`nj ql oljqdjue ql dbw}lxe lu} na w}lauoqs dj l}ae} ql o}enqe bl}e xnùe hl} naxe}qdse}s nja ejcnjoe qced} nmd`dqt ql

bnfe qced} naxe}qdsdji bl}e slodn` nja }eèxnjq hl} use}s* Lu} naxe}qdsdji sq}nqeit oejqe}s lj qce me`deh qcnq na w}lauoqs qcnq n}e slodn`, }eèxnjq, nja ye``"djqei}nqea ydqc

lqce} oljqejq lj Hnoemllf onj ejcnjoe qce use} ewe}dejoe ycdè w}lxdadji nj nqq}noqdxe }equ}j hl} naxe}qdse}s* Ye djqeja ql djxesq dj naadqdljn` w}lauoqs hl} lu} naxe}qdse}s

nja bn}feqe}s ycdè oljqdjudji ql mn`njoe lu} bljeqd{nqdlj lmkeoqdxes ydqc lu} olbbdqbejq ql lwqdbd{dji qce use} ewe}dejoe*

_ubbn}t ]dsf Hnoql}s Lu} musdjess ds sumkeoq ql jube}lus }dsfs aeso}dmea dj qce seoqdlj ejqdqèa ‐]dsf Hnoql}s‒ nja e`seyce}e dj qcds w}lsweoqus* Tlu scluà on}ehu``t oljsdae} qcese }dsfs mehl}e bnfdji

nj djxesqbejq* _lbe lh qcese }dsfs djoùae;

• Dh ye hnd` ql }eqndj edsqdji use}s l} naa jey use}s, l} dh lu} use}s aeo}ense qced} èxe` lh ejiniebejq ydqc Hnoemllf, lu} }exejue, hdjnjodn` }esu`qs, nja musdjess bnt me

sdijdhdonjq`t cn}bea6

• Ye ieje}nqe n sumsqnjqdn` bnkl}dqt lh lu} }exejue h}lb naxe}qdsdji* Qce `lss lh naxe}qdse}s, l} }eauoqdlj dj swejadji mt naxe}qdse}s ydqc Hnoemllf, oluà se}dlus`t cn}b lu}

musdjess6

• I}lyqc dj use lh Hnoemllf qc}luic lu} blmdè w}lauoqs, yce}e ye al jlq ou}}ejq`t adsw`nt nas, ns n sumsqdquqe hl} use lj we}sljn` olbwuqe}s bnt jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu}

}exejue nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs6

• Hnoemllf use} i}lyqc nja ejiniebejq lj blmdè aexdoes aeweja uwlj ehheoqdxe lwe}nqdlj ydqc blmdè lwe}nqdji stsqebs, jeqyl}fs, nja sqnjan}as qcnq ye al jlq oljq}l`6

• Ye bnt jlq me suooesshu` dj lu} ehhl}qs ql i}ly nja hu}qce} bljeqd{e qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b6

• Lu} musdjess ds cdic`t olbweqdqdxe, nja olbweqdqdlj w}esejqs nj ljildji qc}enq ql qce suooess lh lu} musdjess6

• Dbw}lwe} nooess ql l} adso`lsu}e lh lu} use}s— djhl}bnqdlj oluà cn}b lu} }ewuqnqdlj nja naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} musdjess6

•

Lu} musdjess ds sumkeoq ql olbwè nja exl`xdji U*_* nja hl}edij `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs }ein}adji w}dxnot, anqn w}lqeoqdlj, nja lqce} bnqqe}s* Bnjt lh qcese `nys nja

}eiu`nqdljs n}e sumkeoq ql ocnjie nja ujoe}qndj djqe}w}eqnqdlj, nja oluà cn}b lu} musdjess6

• Lu} OEL cns oljq}l` lxe} fet aeodsdlj bnfdji ns n }esu`q lh cds oljq}l` lh n bnkl}dqt lh lu} xlqdji sqlof6

• Qce `lss lh Bn}f [uofe}me}i, _ce}t` F* _njame}i, l} lqce} fet we}sljje` oluà cn}b lu} musdjess6

• Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq ye yd`` eweja sumsqnjqdn` hujas dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qn ydqcclàdji nja }ebdqqnjoe lm`dinqdljs }e`nqea ql qce djdqdn` seqqèbejq lh lu} }esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs

#]_Us$ nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji6

• Qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof bnt me xl`nqdè l} bnt aeo`dje, nja tlu bnt jlq me nmè ql }ese`` tlu} scn}es nq l} nmlxe qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe6 nja

5


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• _umsqnjqdn` m`lofs lh lu} qlqn` lu qsqnjadji scn}es bnt me slà djql qce bn}feq ns ‐`lof"uw‒ we}dlas eja, ns hu}qce} aeso}dmea dj ‐_cn}es E`didmè hl} Huqu}e _nè*‒ Dh qce}e n}e

sumsqnjqdn` snès lh scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof, qce w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof oluà aeo`dje*

Ol}wl}nqe Djhl}bnqdlj

Ye ye}e djol}wl}nqea dj Ae`nyn}e dj Ku`t =771* Ujèss ew}ess`t djadonqea l} qce oljqeq }e~ud}es lqce}ydse, qce qe}bs ‐Hnoemllf,‒ ‐olbwnjt,‒ ‐ye,‒ ‐us,‒ nja ‐lu}‒ dj qcds

w}lsweoqus }ehe} ql Hnoemllf, Djo*, n Ae`nyn}e ol}wl}nqdlj, nja, yce}e nww}lw}dnqe, dqs ycl``t"lyjea sumsdadn}des* Qce qe}b ‐Hnoemllf‒ bnt n`sl }ehe} ql lu} w}lauoqs, }ein}aèss lh qce

bnjje} dj ycdoc qcet n}e nooessea* Lu} w}djodwn` eeouqdxe lhhdoes n}e `lonqea nq >87> Yd``ly ]lna, Bej`l Wn}f, On`dhl}jdn 417=5, nja lu} qeèwclje jubme} ds #857$ ?73"9?77* Lu}

yemsdqe naa}ess ds yyy*hnoemllf*olb* Qce djhl}bnqdlj lj l} qcnq onj me nooessea qc}luic lu} yemsdqe ds jlq wn}q lh qcds w}lsweoqus*

Hnoemllf, qce Hnoemllf `lil, HM, qce @dfe Muqqlj, h3, nja lu} lqce} }eidsqe}ea l} olbblj `ny q}naebn}fs, se}xdoe bn}fs, l} q}nae jnbes nwwen}dji dj qcds w}lsweoqus n}e qce

w}lwe}qt lh Hnoemllf, Djo* Lqce} q}naebn}fs, se}xdoe bn}fs, l} q}nae jnbes nwwen}dji dj qcds w}lsweoqus n}e qce w}lwe}qt lh qced} }esweoqdxe lyje}s*

8


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

QCE LHHE]DJI

O`nss N olbblj sqlof lhhe}ea

Mt us scn}es

Mt qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s scn}es

Qlqn` scn}es

O`nss N olbblj sqlof ql me luqsqnjadji nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`dolhhe}dji scn}es

O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql me luqsqnjadji nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do

lhhe}dji

scn}es

Qlqn` O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql me luqsqnjadji nhqe} lu}

djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji

scn}es

Lxe}"n``lqbejq lwqdlj lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof lhhe}ea mt us nja qce

se``dji sqlofclàe}s

scn}es

Use lh w}loeeas Ye esqdbnqe qcnq lu} jeq w}loeeas h}lb qce snè lh qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof qcnq ye n}e lhhe}dji yd`` me

nww}ldbnqe`t ! md``dlj, nssubdji nj djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh ! we} scn}e, ycdoc ds qce bdawldjq lh

qce w}doe }njie lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, nja nhqe} aeauoqdji esqdbnqea ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja

olbbdssdljs nja esqdbnqea lhhe}dji ewejses wntnmè mt us*

Qce w}djodwn` wu}wlses lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji n}e ql o}enqe n wum`do bn}feq hl} lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja

qce}emt ejnmè huqu}e nooess ql qce wum`do e~udqt bn}feqs mt us nja lu} ebw`ltees, lmqndj naadqdljn` onwdqn`, nja

hnod`dqnqe nj l}ae}`t adsq}dmuqdlj lh scn}es hl} qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s* Ye djqeja ql use qce jeq w}loeeas ql us h}lb

lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji hl} yl}fdji onwdqn` nja lqce} ieje}n` ol}wl}nqe wu}wlses6 clyexe} ye al jlq cnxe njtsweodhdo uses lh qce jeq w}loeeas w`njjea* Ye bnt use slbe lh qce jeq w}loeeas ql us ql snqdsht n wl}qdlj lh qce

njqdodwnqea qn ydqcclàdji nja }ebdqqnjoe lm`dinqdljs }e`nqea ql qce djdqdn` seqqèbejq lh lu} luqsqnjadji ]_Us,

ycdoc yd`` meolbe aue nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs hl``lydji qce olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn wum`do lhhe}dji*

Naadqdljn` t, ye bnt use n wl}qdlj lh qce w}loeeas ql us hl} no~udsdqdljs lh olbw ebejqn}t musdjesses,

qeocjl`lides, l} lqce} nsseqs*

Ye yd`` jlq }eoedxe njt w}loeeas h}lb qce snè lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof mt qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s* Bn}f

[uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, yd`` lhhe} nja se`` scn}es dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Ye

eweoq qcnq sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh qce jeq w}loeeas B}* [uofe}me}i yd`` }eoedxe uwlj suoc snè yd`` me usea ql snqdsht

qnes qcnq ce yd`` djou} uwlj cds ee}odse lh nj luqsqnjadji sqlof lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse >=7,777,777 scn}es lh lu}

O`nss M olbblj sqlof* _ee ‐Use lh W}loeeas*‒

9


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Xlqdji }dicqs _cn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof n}e ejqdqèa ql lje xlqe we} scn}e*

_cn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e ejqdqèa ql qej xlqes we} scn}e*

Clàe}s lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof yd`` ieje}n``t xlqe qlieqce} ns n sdjiè o`nss,

ujèss lqce}ydse }e~ud}ea mt `ny* B}* [uofe}me}i, ycl nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji yd`` oljq}l` bl}e qcnj %

lh qce xlqdji wlye} lh lu} luqsqnjadji onwdqn` sqlof, yd`` cnxe qce nmd`dqt ql oljq}l` qce luqolbe lh bnqqe}s

sumbdqqea ql lu} sqlofclàe}s hl} nww}lxn`, djoùadji qce eèoqdlj lh lu} ad}eoql}s* _ee ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn`

_qlof*‒

W}lwlsea stbml` ‐HM‒

Qce jubme} lh scn}es lh O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql me luqsqnjadji nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji ds mnsea lj >>9,749,>1? scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja

>,953,47=,?47 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ns ye`` ns qce ee}odse mt B}* [uofe}me}i lh nj luqsqnjadji sqlof lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse >=7,777,777

scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof nja qce nuqlbnqdo oljxe}sdlj lh lh qclse scn}es djql nj e~un` jubme} lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof uwlj qced} sn e dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do

lhhe}dji, nja eoùaes;

• >?3,5?4,1?1 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof dssunmè uwlj qce ee}odse lh lwqdljs luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj, ydqc n yedicqea"

nxe}nie ee}odse w}doe lh nww}ldbnqe`t !7*3? we} scn}e6

• ?93,99=,>31 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof sumkeoq ql ]_Us luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj6

• >,419,=73 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof sumkeoq ql ]_Us i}njqea meqyeej Knjun}t >, =7>= nja Knjun}t ?>, =7>= ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj6 nja

• 99,>35,777 scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof }ese}xea hl} huqu}e dssunjoe ujae} lu} e~udqt olbwejsnqdlj w`njs, oljsdsqdji lh =5,777,777 scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof

}ese}xea hl} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj, nja 5=,>35,777 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ese}xea hl} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj* Lj qce anqe lh

qcds w}lsweoqus, njt }ebndjdji scn}es nxnd`nmè hl} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj yd`` me naaea ql qce scn}es ql me }ese}xea ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj nja

ye yd`` oense i}njqdji nyn}as ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj* Lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj n`sl w}lxdaes hl} nuqlbnqdo njjun` djo}enses dj qce jubme} lh scn}es }ese}xea

qce}eujae}, ns bl}e hu``t aeso}dmea dj ‐Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj‑Ebw`ltee Mejehdq W`njs*‒

Ujèss ew}ess`t djadonqea l} qce oljqeq }e~ud}es lqce}ydse, n`` djhl}bnqdlj dj qcds w}lsweoqus nssubes;

• qce oljxe}sdlj lh n`` luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof djql 515,55>,?4> scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji6

• qce nuqlbnqdo oljxe}sdlj lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof djql nj e~un` jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof uwlj qced} snè mt qce se``dji

sqlofclàe}s dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji6

• qce oljxe}sdlj mt oe}qndj lh lu} edsqdji sqlofclàe}s lh nj nii}einqe lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof djql nj e~udxnèjq jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N

olbblj sqlof dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji6

• jl ee}odse mt qce ujae}y}dqe}s lh qced} }dicq ql wu}ocnse uw ql nj naadqdljn` scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ql olxe} lxe}"n``lqbejqs6 nja

• qce hd`dji lh lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja qce ehheoqdxejess lh lu} }esqnqea mt`nys dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

3


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

_UBBN]T OLJ_L@DANQEA HDJNJODN@ ANQN

Qce hl``lydji qnmè subbn}d{es lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` anqn* Ye cnxe ae}dxea qce subbn}t oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe anqn hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774,

=7>7, nja =7>> nja qce oljsl`danqea mn`njoe sceeqs anqn ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>> h}lb lu} nuadqea oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs djoùaea e`seyce}e dj qcds w}lsweoqus* Lu}

cdsql}don` }esu`qs n}e jlq jeoessn}d`t djadonqdxe lh lu} }esu`qs dj njt huqu}e we}dla* Qce subbn}t lh lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` anqn seq hl}qc me`ly scluà me }ena qlieqce} ydqc lu}

oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs nja qce }e`nqea jlqes, ns ye`` ns qce seoqdlj ejqdqèa ‐Bnjniebejq—s Adsoussdlj nja Njn`tsds lh Hdjnjodn` Oljadqdlj nja ]esu`qs lh Lwe}nqdljs,‒ djoùaea

e`seyce}e dj qcds w}lsweoqus*

Ten} Ejaea Aeoebme} ?>,

=774 =7>7 =7>>#dj bd``dljs, eoewq we} scn}e anqn$

Oljsl`danqea _qnqebejqs lh Djolbe Anqn;

]exejue ! 999 ! >,491 ! ?,9>>

Olsqs nja ewejses ;

Olsq lh }exejue ==? 14? 387

Bn}feqdji nja snès >>5 >31 1=9

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq 39 >11 ?33

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe 47 >=> =37

Qlqn` olsqs nja ewejses 5>5 41= >,455

Djolbe h}lb lwe}nqdljs =8= >,7?= >,958

Lqce} ewejse, jeq 3 =1 8>

Djolbe mehl}e w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes =51 >,773 >,845

W}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes =5 17= 845

Jeq djolbe ! ==4 ! 878 ! >,777

Jeq djolbe nqq}dmuqnmè ql O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s ! >== ! ?9= ! 883

En}jdjis we} scn}e nqq}dmuqnmè ql O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s ;

Mnsdo ! 7*>= ! 7*?1 ! 7*5=

Adùqea ! 7*>7 ! 7*=3 ! 7*18

W}l hl}bn en}jdjis we} scn}e nqq}dmuqnmè ql O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s ;

Mnsdo ! 7*14

Adùqea ! 7*1?

#>$ Olsqs nja ewejses djoùae scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ns hl``lys;


=774 =7>7 =7>>

#dj bd``dljs$

Olsq lh }exejue ! ‑ ! ‑ ! 4

Bn}feqdji nja snès = = 1?

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq 8 4 >>1

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe >4 4 5>

Qlqn` scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ! =9 ! =7 ! =>9

#=$ _ee jlqe = lh qce jlqes ql lu} oljsl danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs hl} n aeso}dwqdlj lh cly ye olbwuqe mnsdo nja adùqea en}jdjis we} scn}e nqq}dmuqnmè ql O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s nja w}l hl}bn mnsdo nja adùqea en}jdjis

we} scn}e nqq}dmuqnmè ql O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s*

4

#>$

#=$

#=$


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>

Noqun` W}l Hl}bn

W}l Hl}bn Ns

Nakusqea

#dj bd``dljs$

Oljsl`danqea Mn`njoe _ceeq Anqn;

Onsc, onsc e~udxnèjqs, nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes !?,473 !?,473 !

Yl}fdji onwdqn` ?,975 1,7?1

W}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq, jeq >,195 >,195

Qlqn` nsseqs 8,??> 8,887

Qlqn` dnmd`dqdes >,1?= >,1?=Naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn` =,831 1,=89

]eqndjea en}jdjis >,878 489

Qlqn` sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt 1,344 5,==3

#>$ Qce w}l hl}bn oljsl`danqea mn`njoe sceeq anqn ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> w}esejqs lu} oljsl`danqea mn`njoe sceeq anqn ql idxe ehheoq ql qce nuqlbnqdo oljxe}sdlj lh n`` lh lu} luqsqnjadji scn}es lh oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof djql scn}es lh

O`nss M olbblj sqlof dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji nja ql n`sl idxe ehheoq ql n scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lh nww}ldbnqe`t !483 bd``dlj nsslodnqea ydqc ]_Us i}njqea w}dl} ql =7>>, hl} ycdoc qce se}xdoe

oljadqdlj yns snqdshdea ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> nja ycdoc ye eweoq ql }eol}a uwlj olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ns hu}qce} aeso}dmea dj ‐Bnjniebejq—s Adsoussdlj nja Njn`tsds lh Hdjnjodn` Oljadqdlj nja ]esu`qs lh

Lwe}nqdljs‑O}dqdon` Noolujqdji Wl`dodes nja Esqdbnqes‑_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj*‒ Qce w}l hl}bn n akusqbejq }e`nqea ql scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lh nww}ldbnqe`t !483 bd``dlj cns meej }ehèoqea ns nj djo}ense ql naadqdljn`

wnda"dj onwdqn` nja qce nsslodnqea qn ehheoq lh !?=4 bd``dlj cns meej jeqqea nindjsq qcds ocn}ie, }esu`qdji dj n jeq }eauoqdlj lh !8?4 bd``dlj ql }eqndjea en}jdjis* Qce djolbe qn ehheoqs cnxe meej }ehèoqea ns nj djo}ense ql aehe}}ea qn

nsseqs djoùaea dj w}ewnda ewejses nja lqce} ou}}ejq nsseqs, ql }ehèoq qce njqdodwnqea huqu}e qn mejehdqs uwlj seqqèbejq lh qcese ]_Us*

#=$ Qce w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea oljsl`danqea mn`njoe sceeq anqn }ehèoqs qce dqebs aeso}dmea dj hllqjlqe #>$ nmlxe nja lu} }eoedwq lh esqdbnqea jeq w}loeeas h}lb qce snè lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof qcnq ye n}e lhhe}dji nq nj nssubea

djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof lh ! we} scn}e, qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, nhqe} aeauoqdji qce esqdbnqea ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs nja esqdbnqea

lhhe}dji ewejses wntnmè mt us* N !>*77 djo}ense #aeo}ense$ dj qce nssubea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh ! we} scn}e yluà djo}ense #aeo}ense$ enoc lh onsc, onsc e~udxnèjqs, nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes, yl}fdji onwdqn`, qlqn` nsseqs,

naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn`, nja qlqn` sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt mt ! bd``dlj, nssubdji qcnq qce jubme} lh scn}es lhhe}ea mt us, ns seq hl}qc lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, }ebndjs qce snbe, nja nhqe} aeauoqdji qce esqdbnqea

ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs*

#?$ Qce w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea djhl}bnqdlj adsoussea nmlxe ds d`ùsq}nqdxe lj`t nja yd`` me nakusqea mnsea lj qce noqun` djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe nja lqce} qe}bs lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji aeqe}bdjea nq w}dodji*

>7

#>$ #=$#?$


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

]D_F HNOQL]_

Djxesqdji dj lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof djxl`xes n cdic aei}ee lh }dsf* Tlu scluà oljsdae} on}ehu``t qce }dsfs nja ujoe}qndjqdes aeso}dmea me`ly, qlieqce} ydqc n`` lh qce lqce} djhl}bnqdlj

dj qcds w}lsweoqus, djoùadji qce oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs nja qce }e`nqea jlqes djoùaea e`seyce}e dj qcds w}lsweoqus, mehl}e aeodadji yceqce} ql djxesq dj scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj

sqlof* Qce }dsfs nja ujoe}qndjqdes aeso}dmea me`ly n}e jlq qce lj`t ljes ye hnoe* Naadqdljn` }dsfs nja ujoe}qndjqdes qcnq ye n}e ujnyn}e lh, l} qcnq ye ou}}ejq`t me`dexe n}e jlq bnqe}dn`, bnt

n`sl meolbe dbwl}qnjq hnoql}s qcnq naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} musdjess* Dh njt lh qce hl``lydji }dsfs noqun``t loou}s, lu} musdjess, hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj, }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs, nja huqu}e w}lsweoqs oluà

me bnqe}dn``t nja naxe}se`t nhheoqea* Dj qcnq exejq, qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof oluà aeo`dje, nja tlu oluà `lse wn}q l} n`` lh tlu} djxesqbejq*

]dsfs ]e`nqea ql Lu} Musdjess nja Djausq}t

Dh ye hnd` ql }eqndj edsqdji use}s l} naa jey use}s, l} dh lu} use}s aeo}ense qced} èxe` lh ejiniebejq ydqc Hnoemllf, lu} }exejue, hdjnjodn` }esu`qs, nja musdjess bnt me sdijdhdonjq`t cn}bea*

Qce sd{e lh lu} use} mnse nja lu} use}s— èxe` lh ejiniebejq n}e o}dqdon` ql lu} suooess* Ye cna 315 bd``dlj bljqc`t noqdxe use}s #BNUs$ ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Lu} hdjnjodn`

we}hl}bnjoe cns meej nja yd`` oljqdjue ql me sdijdhdonjq`t aeqe}bdjea mt lu} suooess dj naadji, }eqndjdji, nja ejinidji noqdxe use}s* Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq lu} noqdxe use} i}lyqc }nqe yd`` aeo`dje

lxe} qdbe ns qce sd{e lh lu} noqdxe use} mnse djo}enses, nja ns ye nocdexe cdice} bn}feq wejeq}nqdlj }nqes* Ql qce eqejq lu} noqdxe use} i}lyqc }nqe s`lys, lu} musdjess we}hl}bnjoe yd`` meolbe

djo}ensdji`t aewejaejq lj lu} nmd`dqt ql djo}ense èxe`s lh use} ejiniebejq dj ou}}ejq nja jey bn}feqs* Dh welwè al jlq we}oedxe lu} w}lauoqs ql me usehu`, }e`dnmè, nja q}usqyl}qct, ye bnt jlq

me nmè ql nqq}noq l} }eqndj use}s l} lqce}ydse bndjqndj l} djo}ense qce h}e~uejot nja au}nqdlj lh qced} ejiniebejq* N jubme} lh lqce} slodn` jeqyl}fdji olbwnjdes qcnq nocdexea en}`t wlwu`n}dqt

cnxe sdjoe seej qced} noqdxe use} mnses l} èxe`s lh ejiniebejq aeo`dje, dj slbe onses w}eodwdqlus`t* Qce}e ds jl iun}njqee qcnq ye yd`` jlq ewe}dejoe n sdbd`n} e}lsdlj lh lu} noqdxe use} mnse l}

ejiniebejq èxe`s* N aeo}ense dj use} }eqejqdlj, i}lyqc, l} ejiniebejq oluà }ejae} Hnoemllf èss nqq}noqdxe ql aexe`lwe}s nja naxe}qdse}s, ycdoc bnt cnxe n bnqe}dn` nja naxe}se dbwnoq lj lu}

}exejue, musdjess, hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj, nja }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs* Njt jubme} lh hnoql}s oluà wlqejqdn``t jeinqdxe`t nhheoq use} }eqejqdlj, i}lyqc, nja ejiniebejq, djoùadji dh;

• use}s djo}ensdji`t ejinie ydqc olbweqdji w}lauoqs6

• ye hnd` ql djq}lauoe jey nja dbw}lxea w}lauoqs l} dh ye djq}lauoe jey w}lauoqs l} se}xdoes qcnq n}e jlq hnxl}nm`t }eoedxea6

• ye n}e ujnmè ql suooesshu``t mn`njoe lu} ehhl}qs ql w}lxdae n olbwe``dji use} ewe}dejoe ydqc qce aeodsdljs ye bnfe ydqc }esweoq ql qce h}e~uejot, w}lbdjejoe, nja sd{e lh nas

nja lqce} olbbe}odn` oljqejq qcnq ye adsw`nt6

• ye n}e ujnmè ql oljqdjue ql aexe`lw w}lauoqs hl} blmdè aexdoes qcnq use}s hdja ejinidji, qcnq yl}f ydqc n xn}deqt lh blmdè lwe}nqdji stsqebs nja jeqyl}fs, nja qcnq nocdexe n

cdic exe` lh bn}feq nooewqnjoe6

• qce}e n}e ocnjies dj use} sejqdbejq nmluq qce ~un`dqt l} usehu`jess lh lu} w}lauoqs l} oljoe}js }e`nqea ql w}dxnot nja scn}dji, snheqt, seou}dqt, l} lqce} hnoql}s6

• ye n}e ujnmè ql bnjnie nja w}dl}dqd{e djhl}bnqdlj ql ejsu}e use}s n}e w}esejqea ydqc oljqejq qcnq ds djqe}esqdji, usehu`, nja }eèxnjq ql qceb6

• qce}e n}e naxe}se ocnjies dj lu} w}lauoqs qcnq n}e bnjanqea mt èids`nqdlj, }eiu`nql}t nuqcl}dqdes, l} `dqdinqdlj, djoùadji seqqèbejqs l} oljsejq aeo}ees6

• qeocjdon` l} lqce} w}lmèbs w}exejq us h}lb ae`dxe}dji lu} w}lauoqs dj n }nwda nja }e`dnmè bnjje} l} lqce}ydse nhheoq qce use} ewe}dejoe6

>>


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• ye nalwq wl`dodes l} w}loeau}es }e`nqea ql n}ens suoc ns scn}dji l} use} anqn qcnq n}e we}oedxea jeinqdxe`t mt lu} use}s l} qce ieje}n` wum`do6

• ye hnd` ql w}lxdae nae~unqe ousqlbe} se}xdoe ql use}s, aexe`lwe}s, l} naxe}qdse}s6

• ye, lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s, l} lqce} olbwnjdes dj lu} djausq}t n}e qce sumkeoq lh naxe}se beadn }ewl}qs l} lqce} jeinqdxe wum`dodqt6 l}

• lu} ou}}ejq l} huqu}e w}lauoqs, suoc ns qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b, }eauoe use} noqdxdqt lj Hnoemllf mt bnfdji dq ensde} hl} lu} use}s ql djqe}noq nja scn}e lj qcd}a"wn}qt yemsdqes*

Dh ye n}e ujnmè ql bndjqndj nja djo}ense lu} use} mnse nja use} ejiniebejq, lu} }exejue, hdjnjodn` }esu`qs, nja huqu}e i}lyqc wlqejqdn` bnt me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

Ye ieje}nqe n sumsqnjqdn` bnkl}dqt lh lu} }exejue h}lb naxe}qdsdji* Qce `lss lh naxe}qdse}s, l} }eauoqdlj dj swejadji mt naxe}qdse}s ydqc Hnoemllf, oluà se}dlus`t cn}b lu} musdjess*

Qce sumsqnjqdn` bnkl}dqt lh lu} }exejue ds ou}}ejq`t ieje}nqea h}lb qcd}a wn}qdes naxe}qdsdji lj Hnoemllf* Dj =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, naxe}qdsdji noolujqea hl} 43%, 45%, nja 35%,

}esweoqdxe`t, lh lu} }exejue* Ns ds olbblj dj qce djausq}t, lu} naxe}qdse}s qtwdon``t al jlq cnxe `lji"qe}b naxe}qdsdji olbbdqbejqs ydqc us* Bnjt lh lu} naxe}qdse}s sweja lj`t n }e`nqdxe`t

sbn`` wl}qdlj lh qced} lxe}n`` naxe}qdsdji muaieq ydqc us* Dj naadqdlj, naxe}qdse}s bnt xdey slbe lh lu} w}lauoqs, suoc ns swljsl}ea sql}des nja nas ydqc slodn` oljqeq, ns ewe}dbejqn` nja

ujw}lxej* Naxe}qdse}s yd`` jlq oljqdjue ql al musdjess ydqc us, l} qcet yd`` }eauoe qce w}does qcet n}e yd``dji ql wnt ql naxe}qdse ydqc us, dh ye al jlq ae`dxe} nas nja lqce} olbbe}odn` oljqejq dj

nj ehheoqdxe bnjje}, l} dh qcet al jlq me`dexe qcnq qced} djxesqbejq dj naxe}qdsdji ydqc us yd`` ieje}nqe n olbweqdqdxe }equ}j }e`nqdxe ql lqce} n`qe}jnqdxes* Lu} naxe}qdsdji }exejue oluà me

naxe}se`t nhheoqea mt n jubme} lh lqce} hnoql}s, djoùadji;

• aeo}enses dj use} ejiniebejq, djoùadji qdbe swejq lj Hnoemllf6

• djo}ensea use} nooess ql nja ejiniebejq ydqc Hnoemllf qc}luic lu} blmdè w}lauoqs, yce}e ye al jlq ou}}ejq`t ad}eoq`t ieje}nqe benjdjihu` }exejue, wn}qdou`n}`t ql qce eqejq

qcnq blmdè ejiniebejq ds sumsqdquqea hl} ejiniebejq ydqc Hnoemllf lj we}sljn` olbwuqe}s yce}e ye bljeqd{e usnie mt adsw`ntdji nas nja lqce} olbbe}odn` oljqejq6

• w}lauoq ocnjies l} djxejql}t bnjniebejq aeodsdljs ye bnt bnfe qcnq }eauoe qce sd{e, h}e~uejot, l} }e`nqdxe w}lbdjejoe lh nas nja lqce} olbbe}odn` oljqejq adsw`ntea lj

Hnoemllf6

• lu} djnmd`dqt ql dbw}lxe lu} njn`tqdos nja bensu}ebejq slùqdljs qcnq aebljsq}nqe qce xnùe lh lu} nas nja lqce} olbbe}odn` oljqejq6

• aeodsdljs mt naxe}qdse}s ql use lu} h}ee w}lauoqs, suoc ns Hnoemllf Wnies, djsqena lh naxe}qdsdji lj Hnoemllf6

• `lss lh naxe}qdsdji bn}feq scn}e ql lu} olbweqdql}s6

• naxe}se èin` aexe`lwbejqs }e`nqdji ql naxe}qdsdji, djoùadji èids`nqdxe nja }eiu`nql}t aexe`lwbejqs nja aexe`lwbejqs dj `dqdinqdlj6

• naxe}se beadn }ewl}qs l} lqce} jeinqdxe wum`dodqt djxl`xdji us, lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s, l} lqce} olbwnjdes dj lu} djausq}t6

• lu} djnmd`dqt ql o}enqe jey w}lauoqs qcnq susqndj l} djo}ense qce xnùe lh lu} nas nja lqce} olbbe}odn` oljqejq6

• qce aei}ee ql ycdoc use}s lwq luq lh slodn` nas l} lqce}ydse `dbdq qce wlqejqdn` nuadejoe lh olbbe}odn` oljqejq6

• ocnjies dj qce ynt lj`dje naxe}qdsdji ds w}doea6

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• qce dbwnoq lh jey qeocjl`lides qcnq oluà m`lof l} lmsou}e qce adsw`nt lh lu} nas nja lqce} olbbe}odn` oljqejq6 nja

• qce dbwnoq lh bno}leoljlbdo oljadqdljs nja oljadqdljs dj qce naxe}qdsdji djausq}t dj ieje}n`*

Qce loou}}ejoe lh njt lh qcese l} lqce} hnoql}s oluà }esu`q dj n }eauoqdlj dj aebnja hl} lu} nas nja lqce} olbbe}odn` oljqejq, ycdoc bnt }eauoe qce w}does ye }eoedxe hl} lu} nas nja

lqce} olbbe}odn` oljqejq, l} onuse naxe}qdse}s ql sqlw naxe}qdsdji ydqc us n`qlieqce}, edqce} lh ycdoc yluà jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu} }exejue nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

I}lyqc dj use lh Hnoemllf qc}luic lu} blmdè w}lauoqs, yce}e ye al jlq ou}}ejq`t adsw`nt nas, ns n sumsqdquqe hl} use lj we}sljn` olbwuqe}s bnt jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu} }exejue nja

hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Ye cna bl}e qcnj 1=5 bd``dlj BNUs ycl usea Hnoemllf blmdè w}lauoqs dj Aeoebme} =7>>* Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq qce }nqe lh i}lyqc dj blmdè use}s yd`` oljqdjue ql eoeea qce i}lyqc

}nqe lh lu} lxe}n`` BNUs hl} qce hl}eseenmè huqu}e, dj wn}q aue ql lu} hlous lj aexe`lwdji blmdè w}lauoqs ql ejolu}nie blmdè usnie lh Hnoemllf* N`qcluic qce sumsqnjqdn` bnkl}dqt lh lu}

blmdè use}s n`sl nooess nja ejinie ydqc Hnoemllf lj we}sljn` olbwuqe}s yce}e ye adsw`nt naxe}qdsdji, lu} use}s oluà aeodae ql djo}ensdji`t nooess lu} w}lauoqs w}dbn}d`t qc}luic blmdè

aexdoes* Ye al jlq ou}}ejq`t ad}eoq`t ieje}nqe njt benjdjihu` }exejue h}lb qce use lh Hnoemllf blmdè w}lauoqs, nja lu} nmd`dqt ql al sl suooesshu``t ds ujw}lxej* Nool}adji`t, dh use}s oljqdjue

ql djo}ensdji`t nooess Hnoemllf blmdè w}lauoqs ns n sumsqdquqe hl} nooess qc}luic we}sljn` olbwuqe}s, nja dh ye n}e ujnmè ql suooesshu``t dbwèbejq bljeqd{nqdlj sq}nqeides hl} lu} blmdè

use}s, lu} }exejue nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs bnt me jeinqdxe`t nhheoqea*

Hnoemllf use} i}lyqc nja ejiniebejq lj blmdè aexdoes aeweja uwlj ehheoqdxe lwe}nqdlj ydqc blmdè lwe}nqdji stsqebs, jeqyl}fs, nja sqnjan}as qcnq ye al jlq oljq}l`*

Qce}e ds jl iun}njqee qcnq wlwu`n} blmdè aexdoes yd`` oljqdjue ql henqu}e Hnoemllf, l} qcnq blmdè aexdoe use}s yd`` oljqdjue ql use Hnoemllf }nqce} qcnj olbweqdji w}lauoqs* Ye n}e

aewejaejq lj qce djqe}lwe}nmd`dqt lh Hnoemllf ydqc wlwu`n} blmdè lwe}nqdji stsqebs qcnq ye al jlq oljq}l`, suoc ns Nja}lda nja dL_, nja njt ocnjies dj suoc stsqebs qcnq aei}nae lu}

w}lauoqs— hujoqdljn`dqt l} idxe w}ehe}ejqdn` q}enqbejq ql olbweqdqdxe w}lauoqs oluà naxe}se`t nhheoq Hnoemllf usnie lj blmdè aexdoes* Naadqdljn``t, dj l}ae} ql ae`dxe} cdic ~un`dqt blmdè

w}lauoqs, dq ds dbwl}qnjq qcnq lu} w}lauoqs yl}f ye`` ydqc n }njie lh blmdè qeocjl`lides, stsqebs, jeqyl}fs, nja sqnjan}as qcnq ye al jlq oljq}l`* Ye bnt jlq me suooesshu` dj aexe`lwdji

}e`nqdljscdws ydqc fet wn}qdodwnjqs dj qce blmdè djausq}t l} dj aexe`lwdji w}lauoqs qcnq lwe}nqe ehheoqdxe`t ydqc qcese qeocjl`lides, stsqebs, jeqyl}fs, l} sqnjan}as* Dj qce exejq qcnq dq ds bl}e

adhhdou`q hl} lu} use}s ql nooess nja use Hnoemllf lj qced} blmdè aexdoes, l} dh lu} use}s ocllse jlq ql nooess l} use Hnoemllf lj qced} blmdè aexdoes l} use blmdè w}lauoqs qcnq al jlq lhhe}

nooess ql Hnoemllf, lu} use} i}lyqc nja use} ejiniebejq oluà me cn}bea*

Ye bnt jlq me suooesshu` dj lu} ehhl}qs ql i}ly nja hu}qce} bljeqd{e qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b*

Ye cnxe bnae nja n}e oljqdjudji ql bnfe bnkl} djxesqbejqs ql ejnmè aexe`lwe}s ql mudà nww`donqdljs #nwws$ nja yemsdqes qcnq djqei}nqe ydqc qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b* Edsqdji nja

w}lsweoqdxe W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s bnt jlq me suooesshu` dj mudàdji nwws l} yemsdqes qcnq o}enqe nja bndjqndj use} ejiniebejq* Naadqdljn``t, aexe`lwe}s bnt ocllse ql mudà lj lqce} w`nqhl}bs,djoùadji blmdè w`nqhl}bs oljq}l`èa mt qcd}a wn}qdes, }nqce} qcnj mudàdji lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b* Ye n}e oljqdjulus`t seefdji ql mn`njoe qce adsq}dmuqdlj lmkeoqdxes lh lu} W`nqhl}b

aexe`lwe}s ydqc lu} aesd}e ql w}lxdae nj lwqdbn` use} ewe}dejoe, nja ye bnt jlq me suooesshu` dj nocdexdji n mn`njoe qcnq oljqdjues ql nqq}noq nja }eqndj W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s* H}lb qdbe ql qdbe,

ye cnxe qnfej noqdljs ql }eauoe qce xlùbe lh olbbujdonqdljs h}lb nwws ql use}s lj Hnoemllf ydqc qce lmkeoqdxe lh ejcnjodji qce use} ewe}dejoe, nja suoc noqdljs cnxe }eauoea adsq}dmuqdlj

h}lb, use} ejiniebejq ydqc, nja lu} bljeqd{nqdlj lwwl}qujdqdes h}lb, nwws lj Hnoemllf* Dj slbe djsqnjoes, qcese noqdljs cnxe naxe}se`t nhheoqea lu} }e`nqdljscdws ydqc W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s* Dh

ye n}e jlq suooesshu` dj lu} ehhl}qs ql i}ly lu} W`nqhl}b l} dh ye n}e ujnmè ql mudà nja bndjqndj illa }e`nqdljs ydqc W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s, lu} use} i}lyqc nja use} ejiniebejq nja lu}

hdjnjodn` }esu`qs bnt me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

>?


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Naadqdljn``t, ye bnt jlq me suooesshu` dj hu}qce} bljeqd{dji qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b* Ye ou}}ejq`t bljeqd{e qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b dj sexe}n` ynts, djoùadji nas lj wnies ieje}nqea mt

nwws lj Hnoemllf, ad}eoq naxe}qdsdji lj Hnoemllf wu}ocnsea mt W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql a}dxe q}nhhdo ql qced} nwws nja yemsdqes, nja hees h}lb lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s— use lh lu} Wntbejqs

djh}nsq}uoqu}e ql se`` xd}qun` nja adidqn` illas ql use}s* Nwws mud`q mt aexe`lwe}s lh slodn` inbes, wn}qdou`n}`t [tjin, n}e ou}}ejq`t }eswljsdmè hl} sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh lu} }exejue ae}dxea h}lb

Wntbejqs* Dh qce W`nqhl}b nwws qcnq ou}}ejq`t ieje}nqe }exejue hnd` ql i}ly l} bndjqndj qced} use}s nja ejiniebejq, dh W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s al jlq oljqdjue ql djq}lauoe jey nwws qcnq nqq}noq use}s

nja o}enqe ejiniebejq, dh W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s }eauoe qced} naxe}qdsdji lj Hnoemllf, dh ye hnd` ql bndjqndj illa }e`nqdljscdws ydqc W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s l} nqq}noq jey aexe`lwe}s, l} dh W`nqhl}b

nwws luqsdae lh slodn` inbes al jlq indj wlwu`n}dqt nja ieje}nqe sdijdhdonjq }exejue, lu} hdjnjodn` we}hl}bnjoe nja nmd`dqt ql i}ly }exejue oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

Lu} musdjess ds cdic`t olbweqdqdxe* Olbweqdqdlj w}esejqs nj ljildji qc}enq ql qce suooess lh lu} musdjess*

Ye hnoe sdijdhdonjq olbweqdqdlj dj n`blsq exe}t nsweoq lh lu} musdjess, djoùadji h}lb olbwnjdes suoc ns Illiè, Bdo}lslhq, nja Qydqqe}, ycdoc lhhe} n xn}deqt lh Djqe}jeq w}lauoqs,

se}xdoes, oljqejq, nja lj`dje naxe}qdsdji lhhe}djis, ns ye`` ns h}lb blmdè olbwnjdes nja sbn`è} Djqe}jeq olbwnjdes qcnq lhhe} w}lauoqs nja se}xdoes qcnq bnt olbweqe ydqc sweodhdo Hnoemllf henqu}es* Ye n`sl hnoe olbweqdqdlj h}lb q}nadqdljn` nja lj`dje beadn musdjesses hl} naxe}qdsdji muaieqs* Ye olbweqe m}lna`t ydqc Illiè—s slodn` jeqyl}fdji lhhe}djis, djoùadji Illiè&, nja

n`sl ydqc lqce}, `n}ie`t }eidljn`, slodn` jeqyl}fs qcnq cnxe sq}lji wlsdqdljs dj wn}qdou`n} olujq}des, djoùadji Otyl}à dj Fl}en, Bdd dj Knwnj, L}fuq #lyjea mt Illiè$ dj M}n{d` nja Djadn, nja

xFljqnfqe dj ]ussdn* Ye yluà n`sl hnoe olbweqdqdlj h}lb olbwnjdes dj Ocdjn suoc ns ]ej}ej, _djn, nja Qejoejq dj qce exejq qcnq ye n}e nmè ql nooess qce bn}feq dj Ocdjn dj qce huqu}e* Ns ye

djq}lauoe jey w}lauoqs, ns lu} edsqdji w}lauoqs exl`xe, l} ns lqce} olbwnjdes djq}lauoe jey w}lauoqs nja se}xdoes, ye bnt meolbe sumkeoq ql naadqdljn` olbweqdqdlj*

_lbe lh lu} ou}}ejq nja wlqejqdn` olbweqdql}s cnxe sdijdhdonjq`t i}enqe} }eslu}oes nja meqqe} olbweqdqdxe wlsdqdljs dj oe}qndj bn}feqs qcnj ye al* Qcese hnoql}s bnt n``ly lu}

olbweqdql}s ql }eswlja bl}e ehheoqdxe`t qcnj us ql jey l} ebe}idji qeocjl`lides nja ocnjies dj bn}feq }e~ud}ebejqs* Lu} olbweqdql}s bnt aexe`lw w}lauoqs, henqu}es, l} se}xdoes qcnq n}e

sdbd`n} ql lu}s l} qcnq nocdexe i}enqe} bn}feq nooewqnjoe, bnt ujae}qnfe bl}e hn}"}enocdji nja suooesshu` w}lauoq aexe`lwbejq ehhl}qs l} bn}feqdji onbwndijs, l} bnt nalwq bl}e nii}essdxe

w}dodji wl`dodes* Dj naadqdlj, W`nqhl}b wn}qje}s bnt use djhl}bnqdlj scn}ea mt lu} use}s qc}luic qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b dj l}ae} ql aexe`lw w}lauoqs l} henqu}es qcnq olbweqe ydqc us* Oe}qndj

olbweqdql}s, djoùadji Illiè, oluà use sq}lji l} albdjnjq wlsdqdljs dj lje l} bl}e bn}feqs ql indj olbweqdqdxe naxnjqnie nindjsq us dj n}ens yce}e ye lwe}nqe djoùadji; mt djqei}nqdji

olbweqdji slodn` jeqyl}fdji w`nqhl}bs l} henqu}es djql w}lauoqs qcet oljq}l` suoc ns sen}oc ejidjes, yem m}lyse}s, l} blmdè aexdoe lwe}nqdji stsqebs6 mt bnfdji no~udsdqdljs6 l} mt bnfdji

nooess ql Hnoemllf bl}e adhhdou`q* Ns n }esu`q, lu} olbweqdql}s bnt no~ud}e nja ejinie use}s nq qce ewejse lh qce i}lyqc l} ejiniebejq lh lu} use} mnse, ycdoc bnt jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu}

musdjess nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Ye me`dexe qcnq lu} nmd`dqt ql olbweqe ehheoqdxe`t aewejas uwlj bnjt hnoql}s mlqc ydqcdj nja metlja lu} oljq}l`, djoùadji;

• qce usehu`jess, ense lh use, we}hl}bnjoe, nja }e`dnmd`dqt lh lu} w}lauoqs olbwn}ea ql lu} olbweqdql}s6

• qce sd{e nja olbwlsdqdlj lh lu} use} mnse6

• qce ejiniebejq lh lu} use}s ydqc lu} w}lauoqs6

• qce qdbdji nja bn}feq nooewqnjoe lh w}lauoqs, djoùadji aexe`lwbejqs nja ejcnjoebejqs ql lu} l} lu} olbweqdql}s— w}lauoqs6

• lu} nmd`dqt ql bljeqd{e lu} w}lauoqs, djoùadji lu} nmd`dqt ql suooesshu``t bljeqd{e blmdè usnie6

• qce h}e~uejot, sd{e, nja }e`nqdxe w}lbdjejoe lh qce nas nja lqce} olbbe}odn` oljqejq adsw`ntea mt us l} lu} olbweqdql}s6

>1


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• ousqlbe} se}xdoe nja suwwl}q ehhl}qs6

• bn}feqdji nja se``dji ehhl}qs6

• lu} nmd`dqt ql esqnm`dsc nja bndjqndj aexe`lwe}s— djqe}esq dj mudàdji lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b6

• ocnjies bnjanqea mt èids`nqdlj, }eiu`nql}t nuqcl}dqdes, l} `dqdinqdlj, djoùadji seqqèbejqs nja oljsejq aeo}ees, slbe lh ycdoc bnt cnxe n adsw}lwl}qdljnqe ehheoq lj us6

• no~udsdqdljs l} oljsl`danqdlj ydqcdj lu} djausq}t, ycdoc bnt }esu`q dj bl}e hl}bdanmè olbweqdql}s6

• lu} nmd`dqt ql nqq}noq, }eqndj, nja blqdxnqe qnèjqea ebw`ltees, wn}qdou`n}`t slhqyn}e ejidjee}s6

• lu} nmd`dqt ql olsq"ehheoqdxe`t bnjnie nja i}ly lu} lwe}nqdljs6 nja

• lu} }ewuqnqdlj nja m}nja sq}ejiqc }e`nqdxe ql lu} olbweqdql}s*

Dh ye n}e jlq nmè ql ehheoqdxe`t olbweqe, lu} use} mnse nja èxe` lh use} ejiniebejq bnt aeo}ense, ycdoc oluà bnfe us èss nqq}noqdxe ql aexe`lwe}s nja naxe}qdse}s nja bnqe}dn``t nja

naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} }exejue nja }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs*

Noqdlj mt ilxe}jbejqs ql }esq}doq nooess ql Hnoemllf dj qced} olujq}des oluà sumsqnjqdn``t cn}b lu} musdjess nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Dq ds wlssdmè qcnq ilxe}jbejqs lh lje l} bl}e olujq}des bnt seef ql oejsl} oljqejq nxnd`nmè lj Hnoemllf dj qced} olujq}t, }esq}doq nooess ql Hnoemllf h}lb qced} olujq}t ejqd}e`t, l}

dbwlse lqce} }esq}doqdljs qcnq bnt nhheoq qce nooessdmd`dqt lh Hnoemllf dj qced} olujq}t hl} nj eqejaea we}dla lh qdbe l} djaehdjdqe`t* Hl} enbwè, nooess ql Hnoemllf cns meej l} ds ou}}ejq`t

}esq}doqea dj yclè l} dj wn}q dj Ocdjn, D}nj, Jl}qc Fl}en, nja _t}dn* Dj naadqdlj, ilxe}jbejqs dj lqce} olujq}des bnt seef ql }esq}doq nooess ql Hnoemllf dh qcet oljsdae} us ql me dj xdl`nqdlj lh

qced} `nys* Dj qce exejq qcnq nooess ql Hnoemllf ds }esq}doqea, dj yclè l} dj wn}q, dj lje l} bl}e olujq}des l} lu} olbweqdql}s n}e nmè ql suooesshu``t wejeq}nqe ieli}nwcdo bn}feqs qcnq ye onjjlq

nooess, lu} nmd`dqt ql }eqndj l} djo}ense lu} use} mnse nja use} ejiniebejq bnt me naxe}se`t nhheoqea, ye bnt jlq me nmè ql bndjqndj l} i}ly lu} }exejue ns njqdodwnqea, nja lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs

oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

Lu} ehhl}qs ql ewnja qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b bnt }esu`q dj use}s djo}ensdji`t ejinidji ydqc lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s— Hnoemllf"djqei}nqea yemsdqes djsqena lh ejinidji lj Hnoemllf,

ycdoc bnt jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu} naxe}qdsdji }exejue nja cn}b lu} musdjess*

Ye noqdxe`t suwwl}q W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s— ehhl}qs ql aexe`lw w}lauoqs qcnq djqei}nqe ydqc Hnoemllf lj qce aexe`lwe}s— yemsdqes* Lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s bnt ocllse ql w}dl}dqd{e mudàdji

l} suwwl}qdji Hnoemllf"djqei}nqea yemsdqes ns lwwlsea ql mudàdji l} suwwl}qdji nwws qcnq }uj lj qce Hnoemllf yemsdqe* Ycej use}s xdsdq n W`nqhl}b wn}qje}—s Hnoemllf"djqei}nqea yemsdqe, ye

al jlq ae`dxe} naxe}qdsebejqs, yce}ens ye yluà cnxe adsw`ntea naxe}qdsebejqs ql qcese use}s dh qced} noqdxdqt cna qnfej w`noe lj qce Hnoemllf yemsdqe* Dh Hnoemllf"djqei}nqea yemsdqes a}ny

use}s nynt h}lb lu} yemsdqe, dq bnt }eauoe l} s`ly qce i}lyqc lh lu} use} noqdxdqt qcnq ieje}nqes naxe}qdsdji lwwl}qujdqdes, ycdoc oluà jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu} naxe}qdsdji }exejue* N`qcluic ye

me`dexe qcnq qce}e n}e sdijdhdonjq `lji"qe}b mejehdqs ql Hnoemllf }esu`qdji h}lb djo}ensea ejiniebejq lj Hnoemllf"djqei}nqea yemsdqes, qcese mejehdqs bnt jlq lhhseq qce wlssdmè `lss lh

naxe}qdsdji }exejue, dj ycdoc onse lu} musdjess oluà me cn}bea*

Lu} jey w}lauoqs nja ocnjies ql edsqdji w}lauoqs oluà hnd` ql nqq}noq l} }eqndj use}s l} ieje}nqe }exejue*

Lu} nmd`dqt ql }eqndj, djo}ense, nja ejinie lu} use} mnse nja ql djo}ense lu} }exejue yd`` aeweja cenxd`t lj lu} nmd`dqt ql o}enqe suooesshu` jey w}lauoqs, mlqc djaewejaejq`t nja dj

oljkujoqdlj ydqc W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s l} lqce} qcd}a wn}qdes* Ye bnt djq}lauoe sdijdhdonjq ocnjies ql lu} edsqdji w}lauoqs l} aexe`lw nja djq}lauoe jey nja ujw}lxej w}lauoqs, djoùadji usdji

qeocjl`lides ydqc ycdoc ye cnxe `dqqè l} jl w}dl} aexe`lwbejq l} lwe}nqdji ewe}dejoe* Dh jey l} ejcnjoea w}lauoqs hnd` ql ejinie use}s, aexe`lwe}s, l} naxe}qdse}s, ye bnt hnd` ql

>5


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

nqq}noq l} }eqndj use}s l} ql ieje}nqe suhhdodejq }exejue, lwe}nqdji bn}idj, l} lqce} xnùe ql kusqdht lu} djxesqbejqs, nja lu} musdjess bnt me naxe}se`t nhheoqea* Dj qce huqu}e, ye bnt djxesq dj

jey w}lauoqs nja djdqdnqdxes ql ieje}nqe }exejue, muq qce}e ds jl iun}njqee qcese nww}lnoces yd`` me suooesshu`* Dh ye n}e jlq suooesshu` ydqc jey nww}lnoces ql bljeqd{nqdlj, ye bnt jlq me nmè

ql bndjqndj l} i}ly lu} }exejue ns njqdodwnqea l} }eolxe} njt nsslodnqea aexe`lwbejq olsqs, nja lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

Lu} ou`qu}e ebwcnsd{es }nwda djjlxnqdlj nja w}dl}dqd{es use} ejiniebejq lxe} scl}q"qe}b hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Ye cnxe n ou`qu}e qcnq ejolu}nies ebw`ltees ql ~udof`t aexe`lw nja `nujoc jey nja djjlxnqdxe w}lauoqs* Ns lu} musdjess i}lys nja meolbes bl}e olbwè, lu} ou`qu}n` ebwcnsds lj

blxdji ~udof`t bnt }esu`q dj ujdjqejaea luqolbes l} aeodsdljs qcnq n}e wll}`t }eoedxea mt use}s, aexe`lwe}s, l} naxe}qdse}s* Lu} ou`qu}e n`sl w}dl}dqd{es lu} use} ejiniebejq lxe} scl}q"qe}b

hdjnjodn` }esu`qs, nja ye h}e~uejq`t bnfe w}lauoq aeodsdljs qcnq bnt }eauoe lu} scl}q"qe}b }exejue l} w}lhdqnmd`dqt dh ye me`dexe qcnq qce aeodsdljs n}e oljsdsqejq ydqc lu} bdssdlj nja mejehdq qce

nii}einqe use} ewe}dejoe nja yd`` qce}emt dbw}lxe lu} hdjnjodn` we}hl}bnjoe lxe} qce `lji qe}b* Qcese aeodsdljs bnt jlq w}lauoe qce `lji"qe}b mejehdqs qcnq ye eweoq, dj ycdoc onse lu} use}

i}lyqc nja ejiniebejq, lu} }e`nqdljscdws ydqc aexe`lwe}s nja naxe}qdse}s, nja lu} musdjess nja }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs oluà me cn}bea*

Dh ye n}e jlq nmè ql bndjqndj nja ejcnjoe lu} m}nja, l} dh exejqs loou} qcnq anbnie lu} }ewuqnqdlj nja m}nja, lu} nmd`dqt ql ewnja lu} mnse lh use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s bnt me

dbwnd}ea, nja lu} musdjess nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs bnt me cn}bea*

Ye me`dexe qcnq qce Hnoemllf m}nja cns sdijdhdonjq`t oljq}dmuqea ql qce suooess lh lu} musdjess* Ye n`sl me`dexe qcnq bndjqndjdji nja ejcnjodji lu} m}nja ds o}dqdon` ql ewnjadji lu} mnse

lh use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s* Bnjt lh lu} jey use}s n}e }ehe}}ea mt edsqdji use}s, nja qce}ehl}e ye sq}dxe ql ejsu}e qcnq lu} use}s }ebndj hnxl}nm`t djo`djea qlyn}as Hnoemllf*

Bndjqndjdji nja ejcnjodji lu} m}nja yd`` aeweja `n}ie`t lj lu} nmd`dqt ql oljqdjue ql w}lxdae usehu`, }e`dnmè, q}usqyl}qct, nja djjlxnqdxe w}lauoqs, ycdoc ye bnt jlq al suooesshu``t* Ye bnt

djq}lauoe jey w}lauoqs l} qe}bs lh se}xdoe qcnq use}s al jlq `dfe, ycdoc bnt jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu} m}nja* Naadqdljn``t, qce noqdljs lh lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s bnt nhheoq lu} m}nja dh use}s al jlq

cnxe n wlsdqdxe ewe}dejoe usdji qcd}a"wn}qt nwws nja yemsdqes djqei}nqea ydqc Hnoemllf* Ye cnxe dj qce wnsq ewe}dejoea, nja ye eweoq qcnq dj qce huqu}e ye yd`` oljqdjue ql ewe}dejoe, beadn,

èids`nqdxe, l} }eiu`nql}t so}uqdjt lh lu} aeodsdljs }ein}adji use} w}dxnot l} lqce} dssues, ycdoc bnt naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} }ewuqnqdlj nja m}nja* Ye n`sl bnt hnd` ql w}lxdae nae~unqe ousqlbe}

se}xdoe, ycdoc oluà e}lae oljhdaejoe dj lu} m}nja* Bndjqndjdji nja ejcnjodji lu} m}nja bnt }e~ud}e us ql bnfe sumsqnjqdn` djxesqbejqs nja qcese djxesqbejqs bnt jlq me suooesshu`* Dh ye hnd`

ql suooesshu``t w}lblqe nja bndjqndj qce Hnoemllf m}nja l} dh ye djou} eoessdxe ewejses dj qcds ehhl}q, lu} musdjess nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs bnt me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

Dbw}lwe} nooess ql l} adso`lsu}e lh lu} use}s— djhl}bnqdlj oluà cn}b lu} }ewuqnqdlj nja naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} musdjess*

Lu} ehhl}qs ql w}lqeoq qce djhl}bnqdlj qcnq lu} use}s cnxe oclsej ql scn}e usdji Hnoemllf bnt me ujsuooesshu` aue ql qce noqdljs lh qcd}a wn}qdes, slhqyn}e muis l} lqce} qeocjdon`

bn`hujoqdljs, ebw`ltee e}}l} l} bn`hensnjoe, l} lqce} hnoql}s* Dj naadqdlj, qcd}a wn}qdes bnt nqqebwq ql h}nuauèjq`t djauoe ebw`ltees l} use}s ql adso`lse djhl}bnqdlj dj l}ae} ql indj nooess ql

lu} anqn l} lu} use}s— anqn* Dh njt lh qcese exejqs loou}, lu} use}s— djhl}bnqdlj oluà me nooessea l} adso`lsea dbw}lwe}`t* Lu} Anqn Use Wl`dot ilxe}js qce use lh djhl}bnqdlj qcnq use}s cnxe

oclsej ql scn}e usdji Hnoemllf nja cly qcnq djhl}bnqdlj bnt me usea mt qcd}a wn}qdes* _lbe W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s bnt sql}e djhl}bnqdlj w}lxdaea mt lu} use}s qc}luic nwws lj qce Hnoemllf

W`nqhl}b l} yemsdqes djqei}nqea ydqc Hnoemllf* Dh qcese qcd}a wn}qdes l} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s hnd` ql nalwq l} nace}e ql nae~unqe anqn seou}dqt w}noqdoes l} hnd` ql olbw`t ydqc lu} qe}bs njawl`dodes, l} dj qce exejq lh n m}enoc lh qced} jeqyl}fs, lu} use}s— anqn bnt me dbw}lwe}`t nooessea l} adso`lsea* Njt djodaejqs djxl`xdji ujnuqcl}d{ea nooess ql l} dbw}lwe} use lh qce djhl}bnqdlj

lh lu} use}s oluà anbnie lu} }ewuqnqdlj nja lu} m}nja nja adbdjdsc lu} olbweqdqdxe wlsdqdlj* Dj naadqdlj, qce nhheoqea use}s l} ilxe}jbejq nuqcl}dqdes oluà djdqdnqe èin` l} }eiu`nql}t

>8


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

noqdlj nindjsq us dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc suoc djodaejqs, ycdoc oluà onuse us ql djou} sdijdhdonjq ewejse nja `dnmd`dqt l} }esu`q dj l}ae}s l} oljsejq aeo}ees hl}odji us ql bladht lu} musdjess

w}noqdoes* Njt lh qcese exejqs oluà cnxe n bnqe}dn` nja naxe}se ehheoq lj lu} musdjess, }ewuqnqdlj, l} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Ujhnxl}nmè beadn olxe}nie oluà jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu} musdjess*

Ye }eoedxe n cdic aei}ee lh beadn olxe}nie n}luja qce yl}à* Ujhnxl}nmè wum`dodqt }ein}adji, hl} enbwè, lu} w}dxnot w}noqdoes, w}lauoq ocnjies, w}lauoq ~un`dqt, `dqdinqdlj l}

}eiu`nql}t noqdxdqt, l} qce noqdljs lh lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s l} lu} use}s, oluà naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} }ewuqnqdlj* _uoc jeinqdxe wum`dodqt n`sl oluà cnxe nj naxe}se ehheoq lj qce sd{e, ejiniebejq,

nja `ltn`qt lh lu} use} mnse nja }esu`q dj aeo}ensea }exejue, ycdoc oluà naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} musdjess nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs yd`` hùoqunqe h}lb ~un}qe} ql ~un}qe}, ycdoc bnfes qceb adhhdou`q ql w}eadoq*

Lu} ~un}qe}`t hdjnjodn` }esu`qs cnxe hùoqunqea dj qce wnsq nja yd`` hùoqunqe dj qce huqu}e* Naadqdljn``t, ye cnxe n `dbdqea lwe}nqdji cdsql}t ydqc qce ou}}ejq sonè lh lu} musdjess, ycdocbnfes dq adhhdou`q ql hl}eonsq lu} hu qu}e }esu`qs* Ns n }esu`q, tlu scluà jlq }e`t uwlj lu} wnsq ~un}qe}`t hdjnjodn` }esu`qs ns djadonql}s lh huqu}e we}hl}bnjoe* Tlu scluà qnfe djql noolujq qce }dsfs

nja ujoe}qndjqdes h}e~uejq`t ejolujqe}ea mt olbwnjdes dj }nwda`t exl`xdji bn}feqs* Lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs dj njt idxej ~un}qe} onj me djhùejoea mt jube}lus hnoql}s, bnjt lh ycdoc ye n}e

ujnmè ql w}eadoq l} n}e luqsdae lh lu} oljq}l`, djoùadji;

• lu} nmd`dqt ql bndjqndj nja i}ly lu} use} mnse nja use} ejiniebejq6

• lu} nmd`dqt ql nqq}noq nja }eqndj naxe}qdse}s dj n wn}qdou`n} we}dla6

• sensljn` hùoqunqdljs dj swejadji mt lu} naxe}qdse}s6

• qce jubme} lh nas sclyj ql use}s6

• qce w}dodji lh lu} nas nja lqce} w}lauoqs6

• lu} nmd`dqt ql djo}ense wntbejqs nja lqce} hees }exejue6

• qce adxe}sdhdonqdlj nja i}lyqc lh }exejue slu}oes metlja ou}}ejq naxe}qdsdji nja Wntbejqs6

• qce aexe`lwbejq nja djq}lauoqdlj lh jey w}lauoqs l} se}xdoes mt us l} lu} olbweqdql}s6

•

djo}enses dj bn}feqdji, snès, nja lqce} lwe}nqdji ewejses qcnq ye bnt djou} ql i}ly nja ewnja lu} lwe}nqdljs nja ql }ebndj olbweqdqdxe6

• lu} nmd`dqt ql bndjqndj i}lss bn}idjs nja lwe}nqdji bn}idjs6

• lu} nmd`dqt ql lmqndj e~udwbejq nja olbwljejqs hl} lu} anqn oejqe}s nja lqce} qeocjdon` djh}nsq}uoqu}e dj n q dbe`t nja olsq"ehheoqdxe bnjje}6

• stsqeb hndù}es l} m}enoces lh seou}dqt l} w}dxnot6

• djnooessdmd`dqt lh Hnoemllf aue ql qcd}a"wn}qt noqdljs6

• scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse djoùadji nww}ldbnqe`t ! bd``dlj qcnq ye yd`` djou} dj qce ~un}qe} lh qce olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce

xesqdji lh }esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs #]_Us$ i}njqea w}dl} ql =7>>6

• naxe}se dqdinqdlj kuaibejqs, seqqèbejqs, l} lqce} `dqdinqdlj"}e`nqea olsqs6

• ocnjies dj qce èids`nqdxe l} }eiu`nql}t ejxd}ljbejq, djoùadji ydqc }esweoq ql w}dxnot, l} ejhl}oebejq mt ilxe}jbejq }eiu`nql}s, djoùadji hdjes, l}ae}s, l} oljsejq aeo}ees6

• hùoqunqdljs dj ou}}ejot eocnjie }nqes nja ocnjies dj qce w}lwl}qdlj lh lu} }exejue nja ewejses aejlbdjnqea dj hl}edij ou}}ejodes6

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• hùoqunqdljs dj qce bn}feq xnùes lh lu} wl}qhl`dl djxesqbejqs nja dj djqe}esq }nqes6

• ocnjies dj U*_* ieje}n``t nooewqea noolujqdji w}djodwès6 nja

• ocnjies dj musdjess l} bno}leoljlbdo oljadqdljs*

Ye ou}}ejq`t ieje}nqe sdijdhdonjq }exejue ns n }esu`q lh lu} }e`nqdljscdw ydqc [tjin, nja, dh ye n}e ujnmè ql suooesshu``t bndjqndj qcds }e`nqdljscdw, lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs oluà me cn}bea*

Dj =7>>, [tjin noolujqea hl} nww}ldbnqe`t >=% lh lu} }exejue, ycdoc nblujq yns olbw}dsea lh }exejue ae}dxea h}lb wntbejqs w}loessdji hees }e`nqea ql [tjin—s snès lh xd}qun`

illas nja h}lb ad}eoq naxe}qdsdji wu}ocnsea mt [tjin* Naadqdljn``t, [tjin—s nwws ieje}nqe n sdijdhdonjq jubme} lh wnies lj ycdoc ye adsw`nt nas h}lb lqce} naxe}qdse}s* Dh qce use lh [tjin

inbes lj lu} W`nqhl}b aeo`djes, dh [tjin `nujoces inbes lj l} bdi}nqes inbes ql olbweqdji w`nqhl}bs, l} dh ye hnd` ql bndjqndj illa }e`nqdljs ydqc [tjin, ye bnt `lse [tjin ns n sdijdhdonjq

W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe} nja lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs bnt me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

Ye eweoq lu} }nqes lh i}lyqc yd`` aeo`dje dj qce huqu}e*

Ye me`dexe qcnq lu} }nqes lh use} nja }exejue i}lyqc yd`` aeo`dje lxe} qdbe* Hl} enbwè, lu} njjun` }exejue i}ey >51% h}lb =774 ql =7>7 nja 33% h}lb =7>7 ql =7>>* Cdsql}don``t,

lu} use} i}lyqc cns meej n w}dbn}t a}dxe} lh i}lyqc dj lu} }exejue* Lu} use} i}lyqc nja }exejue i}lyqc }nqes yd`` djexdqnm`t s`ly ns ye nocdexe cdice} bn}feq wejeq}nqdlj }nqes, ns lu} }exejue

djo}enses ql cdice} èxe`s, nja ns ye ewe}dejoe djo}ensea olbweqdqdlj* Ns lu} i}lyqc }nqes aeo`dje, djxesql}s— we}oewqdljs lh lu} musdjess bnt me naxe}se`t nhheoqea nja qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu}

O`nss N olbblj sqlof oluà aeo`dje*

Lu} musdjess ds sumkeoq ql olbwè nja exl`xdji U*_* nja hl}edij `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs }ein}adji w}dxnot, anqn w}lqeoqdlj, nja lqce} bnqqe}s* Bnjt lh qcese `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs n}e sumkeoq

ql ocnjie nja ujoe}qndj djqe}w}eqnqdlj, nja oluà }esu`q dj o`ndbs, ocnjies ql lu} musdjess w}noqdoes, djo}ensea olsq lh lwe}nqdljs, l} aeo`djes dj use} i}lyqc l} ejiniebejq, l} lqce}ydse

cn}b lu} musdjess*

Ye n}e sumkeoq ql n xn}deqt lh `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja nm}lna qcnq djxl`xe bnqqe}s oejq}n` ql lu} musdjess, djoùadji use} w}dxnot, }dicqs lh wum`dodqt, anqn w}lqeoqdlj,

oljqejq, djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt, adsq}dmuqdlj, eèoq}ljdo oljq}noqs nja lqce} olbbujdonqdljs, olbweqdqdlj, w}lqeoqdlj lh bdjl}s, oljsube} w}lqeoqdlj, qnnqdlj, nja lj`dje wntbejq se}xdoes* Hl}edij

anqn w}lqeoqdlj, w}dxnot, nja lqce} `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs n}e lhqej bl}e }esq}doqdxe qcnj qclse dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes* Qcese U*_* heae}n` nja sqnqe nja hl}edij `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs n}e oljsqnjq`t

exl`xdji nja onj me sumkeoq ql sdijdhdonjq ocnjie* Dj naadqdlj, qce nww`donqdlj nja djqe}w}eqnqdlj lh qcese `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs n}e lhqej ujoe}qndj, wn}qdou`n}`t dj qce jey nja }nwda`t exl`xdji

djausq}t dj ycdoc ye lwe}nqe* Hl} enbwè, qce djqe}w}eqnqdlj lh slbe `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs qcnq ilxe}j qce use lh jnbes nja `dfejesses dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc naxe}qdsdji nja bn}feqdji noqdxdqdes ds

ujseqqèa nja aexe`lwbejqs dj qcds n}en oluà nhheoq qce bnjje} dj ycdoc ye aesdij lu} w}lauoqs, ns ye`` ns lu} qe}bs lh use* N jubme} lh w}lwlsn`s n}e wejadji mehl}e heae}n`, sqnqe, nja hl}edij

èids`nqdxe nja }eiu`nql}t mlades qcnq oluà sdijdhdonjq`t nhheoq lu} musdjess* Hl} enbwè, n }exdsdlj ql qce >445 Eu}lwenj Ujdlj Anqn W}lqeoqdlj Ad}eoqdxe ds ou}}ejq`t medji oljsdae}ea mtEu}lwenj èids`nqdxe mlades qcnq bnt djoùae bl}e sq}djiejq lwe}nqdljn` }e~ud}ebejqs hl} anqn w}loessl}s nja sdijdhdonjq wejn`qdes hl} jlj"olbw`dnjoe* _dbd`n}`t, qce}e cnxe meej n jubme} lh

}eoejq èids`nqdxe w}lwlsn`s dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes, nq mlqc qce heae}n` nja sqnqe èxe`, qcnq yluà dbwlse jey lm`dinqdljs dj n}ens suoc ns w}dxnot nja `dnmd`dqt hl} olwt}dicq djh}djiebejq mt qcd}a

wn}qdes* Qcese edsqdji nja w}lwlsea `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs onj me olsq`t ql olbw`t ydqc nja onj ae`nt l} dbweae qce aexe`lwbejq lh jey w}lauoqs, }esu`q dj jeinqdxe wum`dodqt, djo}ense lu}

lwe}nqdji olsqs, }e~ud}e sdijdhdonjq bnjniebejq qdbe nja nqqejqdlj, nja sumkeoq us ql o`ndbs l} lqce} }ebeades, djoùadji hdjes l} aebnjas qcnq ye bladht l} oense edsqdji musdjess w}noqdoes*

>3


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ye cnxe meej sumkeoq ql }eiu`nql}t djxesqdinqdljs nja seqqèbejqs nja ye eweoq ql oljqdjue ql me sumkeoq ql suoc w}loeeadjis dj qce huqu}e, ycdoc oluà onuse us ql djou} sumsqnjqdn` olsqs

l} }e~ud}e us ql ocnjie lu} musdjess w}noqdoes dj n bnjje} bnqe}dn``t naxe}se ql lu} musdjess*

H}lb qdbe ql qdbe, ye }eoedxe dj~ud}des h}lb }eiu`nql}s }ein}adji lu} olbw`dnjoe ydqc `nys nja lqce} bnqqe}s* Hl} enbwè, dj =7>>, ye }enocea ni}eebejq ydqc qce Heae}n` Q}nae

Olbbdssdlj #HQO$ ql }esl`xe nj djxesqdinqdlj djql xn}dlus w}noqdoes mt ejqe}dji djql n =7"ten} seqqèbejq ni}eebejq qcnq, nblji lqce} qcdjis, }e~ud}es us ql esqnm`dsc nja }ehdje oe}qndj w}noqdoes

ydqc }esweoq ql q}enqbejq lh use} anqn nja w}dxnot seqqdjis nja n`sl }e~ud}es qcnq ye olbwèqe md"njjun` djaewejaejq w}dxnot nuadqs* Ns njlqce} enbwè, dj =7>> qce D}dsc Anqn W}lqeoqdlj

Olbbdssdlje} #AWO$ oljauoqea nj nuadq lh qce anqn, seou}dqt, nja w}dxnot w}noqdoes nja wl`dodes lh Hnoemllf D}e`nja, ycdoc ds qce anqn oljq}l`è} hl} Hnoemllf use}s luqsdae qce Ujdqea _qnqes

nja Onjnan, nja }eènsea n }ewl}q lh dqs oljoùsdljs dj Aeoebme} =7>>* Qce HQO nja AWO cnxe djxesqdinqea nja nuadqea nsweoqs lh lu} w}lauoqs nja w}noqdoes, nja ye eweoq ql oljqdjue ql me

qce sumkeoq lh }eiu`nql}t djxesqdinqdljs nja nuadqs dj qce huqu}e mt qcese nja lqce} }eiu`nql}s qc}luicluq qce yl}à*

Dq ds wlssdmè qcnq n }eiu`nql}t dj~ud}t bdicq }esu`q dj ocnjies ql lu} wl`dodes l} w}noqdoes* Xdl`nqdlj lh edsqdji l} huqu}e }eiu`nql}t l}ae}s l} oljsejq aeo}ees oluà sumkeoq us qlsumsqnjqdn` bljeqn}t hdjes nja lqce} wejn`qdes qcnq oluà jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu} hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj nja }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs* Dj naadqdlj, dq ds wlssdmè qcnq huqu}e l}ae}s dssuea mt, l} ejhl}oebejq

noqdljs djdqdnqea mt, }eiu`nql}t nuqcl}dqdes oluà onuse us ql djou} sumsqnjqdn` olsqs l} }e~ud}e us ql ocnjie lu} musdjess w}noqdoes dj n bnjje} bnqe}dn``t naxe}se ql lu} musdjess*

Dh ye n}e ujnmè ql w}lqeoq lu} djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt, qce xnùe lh lu} m}nja nja lqce} djqnjidmè nsseqs bnt me adbdjdscea, nja lu} musdjess bnt me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

Ye }e`t nja eweoq ql oljqdjue ql }e`t lj n olbmdjnqdlj lh oljhdaejqdn`dqt nja `doejse ni}eebejqs ydqc lu} ebw`ltees, oljsu`qnjqs, nja qcd}a wn}qdes ydqc yclb ye cnxe }e`nqdljscdws, ns

ye`` ns q}naebn}f, olwt}dicq, wnqejq, q}nae seo}eq, nja albndj jnbe w}lqeoqdlj `nys, ql w}lqeoq lu} w}lw}deqn}t }dicqs* Dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja djqe}jnqdljn``t, ye cnxe hdèa xn}dlus nww`donqdljs

hl} w}lqeoqdlj lh oe}qndj nsweoqs lh lu} djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt, nja ye ou}}ejq`t clà n jubme} lh dssuea wnqejqs dj bu`qdwè ku}dsadoqdljs* Clyexe}, qcd}a wn}qdes bnt fjlydji`t l} ujfjlydji`t

djh}djie lu} w}lw}deqn}t }dicqs, qcd}a wn}qdes bnt ocn`èjie w}lw}deqn}t }dicqs ceà mt us, nja wejadji nja huqu}e q}naebn}f nja wnqejq nww`donqdljs bnt jlq me nww}lxea* Dj naadqdlj, ehheoqdxe

djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt w}lqeoqdlj bnt jlq me nxnd`nmè dj exe}t olujq}t dj ycdoc ye lwe}nqe l} djqeja ql lwe}nqe lu} musdjess* Dj njt l} n`` lh qcese onses, ye bnt me }e~ud}ea ql eweja sdijdhdonjq

qdbe nja ewejse dj l}ae} ql w}exejq djh}djiebejq l} ql ejhl}oe lu} }dicqs* N`qcluic ye cnxe qnfej bensu}es ql w}lqeoq lu} w}lw}deqn}t }dicqs, qce}e onj me jl nssu}njoe qcnq lqce}s yd`` jlq lhhe}

w}lauoqs l} oljoewqs qcnq n}e sumsqnjqdn``t sdbd`n} ql lu}s nja olbweqe ydqc lu} musdjess* Dj naadqdlj, ye }eiu`n}`t oljq}dmuqe slhqyn}e slu}oe olae ujae} lwej slu}oe `doejses nja cnxe bnae

lqce} qeocjl`lit ye aexe`lwea nxnd`nmè ujae} lqce} lwej `doejses, nja ye djoùae lwej slu}oe slhqyn}e dj lu} w}lauoqs* Hl} enbwè, ye cnxe oljq}dmuqea oe}qndj sweodhdonqdljs nja aesdijs

}e`nqea ql lu} anqn oejqe} e~udwbejq ql qce Lwej Olbwuqe W}lkeoq Hlujanqdlj, n jlj"w}lhdq ejqdqt qcnq scn}es nja aexe`lws suoc djhl}bnqdlj ydqc qce qeocjl`lit olbbujdqt, ujae} qce Lwej Yem

Hlujanqdlj @doejse* Ns n }esu`q lh lu} lwej slu}oe oljq}dmuqdljs nja qce use lh lwej slu}oe dj lu} w}lauoqs, ye bnt `doejse l} me }e~ud}ea ql `doejse djjlxnqdljs qcnq qu}j luq ql me bnqe}dn` ql

lu} musdjess nja bnt n`sl me ewlsea ql djo}ensea `dqdinqdlj }dsf* Dh qce w}lqeoqdlj lh lu} w}lw}deqn}t }dicqs ds djnae~unqe ql w}exejq ujnuqcl}d{ea use l} nww}lw}dnqdlj mt qcd}a wn}qdes, qce xnùe lh

lu} m}nja nja lqce} djqnjidmè nsseqs bnt me adbdjdscea nja olbweqdql}s bnt me nmè ql bl}e ehheoqdxe`t bdbdo lu} se}xdoe nja beqclas lh lwe}nqdljs* Njt lh qcese exejqs oluà cnxe nj

naxe}se ehheoq lj lu} musdjess nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Ye n}e ou}}ejq`t, nja eweoq ql me dj qce huqu}e, wn}qt ql wnqejq `nysudqs nja lqce} djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt }dicqs o`ndbs qcnq n}e ewejsdxe nja qdbe oljsubdji, nja, dh }esl`xea naxe}se`t, oluà

cnxe n sdijdhdonjq dbwnoq lj lu} musdjess, hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj, l} }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs*

Olbwnjdes dj qce Djqe}jeq, qeocjl`lit, nja beadn djausq}des lyj `n}ie jubme}s lh wnqejqs, olwt}dicqs, q}naebn}fs, nja q}nae seo}eqs, nja h}e~uejq`t ejqe} djql `dqdinqdlj mnsea lj

n`èinqdljs lh djh}djiebejq,

>4


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

bdsnww}lw}dnqdlj, l} lqce} xdl`nqdljs lh djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt l} lqce} }dicqs* Dj naadqdlj, xn}dlus ‐jlj"w}noqdodji ejqdqdes‒ qcnq lyj wnqejqs nja lqce} djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt }dicqs lhqej nqqebwq ql

nii}essdxe`t nsse}q qced} }dicqs dj l}ae} ql eq}noq xnùe h}lb qeocjl`lit olbwnjdes* Ye w}esejq`t n}e djxl`xea dj bnjt suoc `nysudqs, nja ns ye hnoe djo}ensdji olbweqdqdlj nja indj nj

djo}ensdji`t cdic w}lhdè, djoùadji dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ye eweoq qce jubme} lh wnqejq nja lqce} djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt o`ndbs nindjsq us ql i}ly* Dj naadqdlj, h}lb qdbe

ql qdbe ye bnt djq}lauoe jey w}lauoqs, djoùadji dj n}ens yce}e ye ou}}ejq`t al jlq olbweqe, ycdoc oluà djo}ense lu} ewlsu}e ql wnqejq nja lqce} djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt o`ndbs h}lb

olbweqdql}s nja jlj"w}noqdodji ejqdqdes*

N`qcluic qce }esu`qs lh `dqdinqdlj nja o`ndbs onjjlq me w}eadoqea ydqc oe}qndjqt, ye al jlq me`dexe qcnq qce hdjn` luqolbe lh djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt o`ndbs qcnq ye ou}}ejq`t hnoe yd`` cnxe n

bnqe}dn` naxe}se ehheoq lj lu} musdjess, hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj, l} }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs* Clyexe}, aehejadji wnqejq nja lqce} djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt o`ndbs ds olsq`t nja onj dbwlse n sdijdhdonjq

mu}aej lj bnjniebejq nja ebw`ltees, ye bnt }eoedxe ujhnxl}nmè w}e`dbdjn}t l} djqe}db }u`djis dj qce olu}se lh `dqdinqdlj, nja qce}e onj me jl nssu}njoes qcnq hnxl}nmè hdjn` luqolbes yd`` me

lmqndjea dj n`` onses* Ye bnt aeodae ql seqqè suoc `nysudqs nja a dswuqes lj qe}bs qcnq n}e ujhnxl}nmè ql us* _dbd`n}`t, dh njt `dqdinqdlj ql ycdoc ye n}e n wn}qt ds }esl`xea naxe}se`t, ye bnt me

sumkeoq ql nj ujhnxl}nmè kuaibejq qcnq bnt jlq me }exe}sea uwlj nwwen`* Qce qe}bs lh suoc n seqqèbejq l} kuaibejq bnt }e~ud}e us ql oense slbe l} n`` lh lu} lwe}nqdljs l} wnt sumsqnjqdn`

nblujqs ql qce lqce} wn}qt* Dj naadqdlj, ye bnt cnxe ql seef n `doejse ql oljqdjue w}noqdoes hluja ql me dj xdl `nqdlj lh n qcd}a wn}qt—s }dicqs, ycdoc bnt jlq me nxnd`nmè lj }ensljnmè qe}bs, l} nq

n``, nja bnt sdijdhdonjq`t djo}ense lu} lwe}nqdji olsqs nja ewejses* Ns n }esu`q, ye bnt n`sl me }e~ud}ea ql aexe`lw n`qe}jnqdxe jlj"djh}djidji qeocjl`lit l} w}noqdoes l} adsoljqdjue qce

w}noqdoes* Qce aexe`lwbejq lh n`qe}jnqdxe jlj"djh}djidji qeocjl`lit l} w}noqdoes oluà }e~ud}e sdijdhdonjq ehhl}q nja ewejse l} bnt jlq me hensdmè* Lu} musdjess, hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj, l} }esu`qs

lh lwe}nqdljs oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea ns n }esu`q*

Ye n}e djxl`xea dj jube}lus o`nss noqdlj `nysudqs nja lqce} `dqdinqdlj bnqqe}s qcnq n}e ewejsdxe nja qdbe oljsubdji, nja, dh }esl`xea naxe}se`t, oluà cn}b lu} musdjess, hdjnjodn`

oljadqdlj, l} }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs*

Dj naadqdlj ql djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt o`ndbs, ye n}e n`sl djxl`xea dj jube}lus lqce} `nysudqs, djoùadji wuqnqdxe o`nss noqdlj `nysudqs m}luicq mt use}s nja naxe}qdse}s, bnjt lh ycdoc o`ndb

sqnquql}t anbnies, nja ye njqdodwnqe qcnq ye yd`` oljqdjue ql me n qn}ieq hl} jube}lus `nysudqs dj qce huqu}e* Meonuse ye cnxe cuja}eas lh bd``dljs lh use}s, qce w`ndjqdhhs dj o`nss noqdlj onses

hdèa nindjsq us qtwdon``t o`ndb ejl}blus bljeqn}t anbnies exej dh qce n`èiea we}"use} cn}b ds sbn`` l} jlj"edsqejq* Njt `dqdinqdlj ql ycdoc ye n}e n wn}qt bnt }esu`q dj nj lje}lus l}

ujhnxl}nmè kuaibejq qcnq bnt jlq me }exe}sea uwlj nwwen`, l} ye bnt aeodae ql seqq e `nysudqs lj sdbd n}`t ujhnxl}nmè qe}bs* Njt suoc jeinqdxe luqolbe oluà }esu`q dj wntbejqs lh

sumsqnjqdn` bljeqn}t anbnies l} hdjes, l} ocnjies ql lu} w}lauoqs l} musdjess w}noqdoes, nja nool}adji`t lu} musdjess, hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj, l} }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs oluà me bnqe}dn``t nja

naxe}se`t nhheoqea* N`qcluic qce }esu`qs lh `nysudqs nja o`ndbs onjjlq me w}eadoqea ydqc oe}qndjqt, ye al jlq me`dexe qcnq qce hdjn` luqolbe lh qclse bnqqe}s qcnq ye ou}}ejq`t hnoe yd`` cnxe n

bnqe}dn` naxe}se ehheoq lj lu} musdjess, hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj, l} }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs* Clyexe}, aehejadji qcese o`ndbs ds olsq`t nja onj dbwlse n sdijdhdonjq mu}aej lj bnjniebejq nja

ebw`ltees, nja ye bnt }eoedxe ujhnxl}nmè w}e`dbdjn}t l} djqe}db }u`djis dj qce olu}se lh `dqdinqdlj, ycdoc oluà naxe}se`t nhheoq qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof* Qce}e onj me

jl nssu}njoes qcnq n hnxl}nmè hdjn` luqolbe yd`` me lmqndjea dj n`` onses*

Lu} OEL cns oljq}l` lxe} fet aeodsdlj bnfdji ns n }esu`q lh cds oljq}l` lh n bnkl}dqt lh lu} xlqdji sqlof*

Ns n }esu`q lh xlqdji ni}eebejqs ydqc oe}qndj sqlofclàe}s, qlieqce} ydqc qce scn}es ce clàs, Bn}f [uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, yd`` me nmè ql ee}odse xlqdji }dicqs

ydqc }esweoq ql nj nii}einqe lh scn}es lh olbblj sqlof, }ew}esejqdji n bnkl}dqt lh qce xlqdji wlye} lh lu} luqsqnjadji onwdqn` sqlof hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Ns n }esu`q,

B}* [uofe}me}i cns qce nmd`dqt ql oljq}l` qce luqolbe lh bnqqe}s sumbdqqea ql lu} sqlofclàe}s hl} nww}lxn`, djoùadji qce eèoqdlj lh ad}eoql}s nja njt be}ie}, oljsl`danqdlj, l} snè lh n`` l}

sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh lu} nsseqs* Dj naadqdlj, B}* [uofe}me}i cns qce nmd`dqt ql oljq}l` qce bnjniebejq nja nhhnd}s lh lu} olbwnjt ns n }esu`q lh cds wlsdqdlj ns lu} OEL nja cds nmd`dqt ql oljq}l` qce

eèoqdlj lh lu} ad}eoql}s* Naadqdljn``t, dj qce exejq qcnq B}* [uofe}me}i oljq}l`s lu} olbwnjt nq qce qdbe lh cds aenqc, oljq}l`

=7


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

bnt me q}njshe}}ea ql n we}slj l} ejqdqt qcnq ce aesdijnqes ns cds suooessl}* Ns n mln}a bebme} nja lhhdoe}, B}* [uofe}me}i lyes n hdauodn}t auqt ql lu} sqlofclàe}s nja busq noq dj illa hndqc dj

n bnjje} ce }ensljnm`t me`dexes ql me dj qce mesq djqe}esqs lh lu} sqlofclàe}s* Ns n sqlofclàe}, exej n oljq}l``dji sqlofclàe}, B}* [uofe}me}i ds ejqdqèa ql xlqe cds scn}es, nja scn}es lxe}

ycdoc ce cns xlqdji oljq}l` ns n }esu`q lh xlqdji ni}eebejqs, dj cds lyj djqe}esqs, ycdoc bnt jlq n`ynts me dj qce djqe}esqs lh lu} sqlofclàe}s ieje}n``t* Hl} n aeso}dwqdlj lh qcese xlqdji

ni}eebejqs, see ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn` _qlof‑Xlqdji Ni}eebejqs*‒

Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq ye yd`` eweja sumsqnjqdn` hujas dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce qn `dnmd`dqdes qcnq n}dse uwlj qce djdqdn` seqqèbejq lh ]_Us hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji nja qce bnjje} dj

ycdoc ye huja qcnq ewejadqu}e bnt cnxe nj naxe}se ehheoq*

Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq ye yd`` eweja sumsqnjqdn` hujas ql snqdsht qn ydqcclàdji nja }ebdqqnjoe lm`dinqdljs lj n anqe nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ycej

ye yd`` seqqè n wl}qdlj lh lu} ]_Us i}njqea w}dl} ql Knjun}t >, =7>> #W}e"=7>> ]_Us$* Lj qce seqqèbejq anqe, ye w`nj ql ydqcclà nja }ebdq djolbe qnes nq nww`donmè bdjdbub sqnquql}t }nqes

mnsea lj qce qcej"ou}}ejq xnùe lh qce ujae}`tdji scn}es* Ye ou}}ejq`t eweoq qcnq qce nxe}nie lh qcese ydqcclàdji qn }nqes yd`` me nww}ldbnqe`t 15%* Dh qce w}doe lh lu} olbblj sqlof nq qceqdbe lh seqqèbejq ye}e e~un` ql qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, ye esqdbnqe qcnq qcds qn lm`dinqdlj yluà me nww}ldbnqe`t ! md``dlj dj qce nii}einqe*

Qce nblujq lh qcds lm`dinqdlj oluà me cdice} l} `lye}, aewejadji lj qce w}doe lh lu} scn}es lj qce ]_U seqqèbejq anqe* Ql seqqè qcese ]_Us, nssubdji n 15% qn ydqcclàdji }nqe, ye

njqdodwnqe qcnq ye yd`` jeq seqqè qce nyn}as mt ae`dxe}dji nww}ldbnqe`t scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql ]_U clàe}s nja sdbu`qnjelus`t ydqcclàdji nww}ldbnqe`t scn}es

lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof* Dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qcds jeq seqqèbejq ye yd`` ydqcclà nja }ebdq qce qn `dnmd`dqdes lj mecn`h lh qce ]_U clàe}s dj onsc ql qce nww`donmè qn nuqcl}dqdes*

Ql huja qce ydqcclàdji nja }ebdqqnjoe lm`dinqdlj, ye eweoq ql se`` e~udqt seou}dqdes jen} qce seqqèbejq anqe dj nj nblujq qcnq ds sumsqnjqdn``t e~udxnèjq ql qce jubme} lh scn}es lh

olbblj sqlof qcnq ye ydqcclà dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce djdqdn` seqqèbejq lh qce W}e"=7>> ]_Us, suoc qcnq qce jey`t dssuea scn}es scluà jlq me adùqdxe* Clyexe}, dj qce exejq qcnq ye dssue

e~udqt seou}dqdes, ye onjjlq nssu}e tlu qcnq ye yd`` me nmè ql suooesshu``t bnqoc qce w}loeeas ql qce nblujq lh qcds qn `dnmd`dqt* Dj naadqdlj, njt suoc e~udqt hdjnjodji oluà }esu`q dj n aeo`dje dj

lu} sqlof w}doe* Dh ye eèoq jlq ql hu``t huja lu} ydqcclàdji nja }ebdqqnjoe lm`dinqdljs qc}luic qce dssunjoe lh e~udqt l} ye n}e ujnmè ql olbwèqe suoc nj lhhe}dji aue ql bn}feq oljadqdljs l}

lqce}ydse, ye bnt ocllse ql ml}}ly hujas h}lb lu} o}eadq hnod`dqt, use n sumsqnjqdn` wl}qdlj lh lu} edsqdji onsc, l} }e`t uwlj n olbmdjnqdlj lh qcese n`qe}jnqdxes* Dj qce exejq qcnq ye eèoq ql

snqdsht lu} ydqcclàdji nja }ebdqqnjoe lm`dinqdljs dj yclè l} dj wn}q mt a}nydji lj lu} o}eadq hnod`dqt, lu} djqe}esq ewejse nja w}djodwn` }ewntbejq }e~ud}ebejqs oluà djo}ense sdijdhdonjq`t,

ycdoc oluà cnxe nj naxe}se ehheoq lj lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Ye onjjlq me oe}qndj qcnq naadqdljn` hdjnjodji yd`` me nxnd`nmè lj }ensljnmè qe}bs ycej }e~ud}ea, l} nq n``*

H}lb qdbe ql qdbe, ye bnt jeea naadqdljn` hdjnjodji, yceqce} dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} ]_U qn lm`dinqdlj l} lqce}ydse* Lu} nmd`dqt ql lmqndj naadqdljn` hdjnjodji, dh nja ycej }e~ud}ea,

yd`` aeweja lj djxesql} aebnja, lu} lwe}nqdji we}hl}bnjoe, qce oljadqdlj lh qce onwdqn` bn}feqs, nja lqce} hnoql}s* Ql qce eqejq ye a}ny lj lu} o}eadq hnod`dqt ql huja qce ]_U qn lm`dinqdlj, ye

bnt jeea ql }ndse naadqdljn` hujas nja ye onjjlq nssu}e tlu qcnq naadqdljn` hdjnjodji yd`` me nxnd`nmè ql us lj hnxl}nmè qe}bs ycej }e~ud}ea, l} nq n``* Dh ye }ndse naadqdljn` hujas qc}luic qce

dssunjoe lh e~udqt, e~udqt"`djfea l} aemq seou}dqdes, qclse seou}dqdes bnt cnxe }dicqs, w}ehe}ejoes, l} w}dxdèies sejdl} ql qce }dicqs lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof, nja lu} edsqdji sqlofclàe}sbnt ewe}dejoe adùqdlj*

Lu} olsqs bnt i}ly bl}e ~udof`t qcnj lu} }exejue, cn}bdji lu} musdjess nja w}lhdqnmd`dqt*

W}lxdadji lu} w}lauoqs ql lu} use}s ds olsq`t nja ye eweoq lu} ewejses ql oljqdjue ql djo}ense dj qce huqu}e ns ye m}lnaej lu} use} mnse, ns use}s djo}ense qce jubme} lh oljjeoqdljs nja

nblujq lh anqn qcet scn}e ydqc us, ns ye aexe`lw nja dbwèbejq jey w}lauoq henqu}es qcnq }e~ud}e bl}e olbwuqdji djh}nsq}uoqu}e, nja ns ye cd}e

=>


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

naadqdljn` ebw`ltees* Cdsql}don``t, lu} olsqs cnxe djo}ensea enoc ten} aue ql qcese hnoql}s nja ye eweoq ql oljqdjue ql djou} djo}ensdji olsqs, dj wn}qdou`n} hl} se}xe}s, sql}nie, wlye}, nja anqn

oejqe}s, ql suwwl}q lu} njqdodwnqea huqu}e i}lyqc* Ye eweoq ql oljqdjue ql djxesq dj lu} i`lmn` djh}nsq}uoqu}e dj l}ae} ql w}lxdae lu} w}lauoqs }nwda`t nja }e`dnm`t ql n`` use}s n}luja qce yl}à,

djoùadji dj olujq}des yce}e ye al jlq eweoq sdijdhdonjq scl}q"qe}b bljeqd{nqdlj* Lu} ewejses bnt me i}enqe} qcnj ye njqdodwnqe, nja lu} djxesqbejqs ql bnfe lu} musdjess nja lu} qeocjdon`

djh}nsq}uoqu}e bl}e ehhdodejq bnt jlq me suooesshu`* Dj naadqdlj, ye bnt djo}ense bn}feqdji, snès, nja lqce} lwe}nqdji ewejses dj l}ae} ql i}ly nja ewnja lu} lwe}nqdljs nja ql }ebndj

olbweqdqdxe* Djo}enses dj lu} olsqs bnt naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} musdjess nja w}lhdqnmd`dqt*

Lu} musdjess ds aewejaejq lj lu} nmd`dqt ql bndjqndj nja sonè lu} qeocjdon` djh}nsq}uoqu}e, nja njt sdijdhdonjq ads}uwqdlj dj lu} se}xdoe oluà anbnie lu} }ewuqnqdlj, }esu`q dj n wlqejqdn`

`lss lh use}s nja ejiniebejq, nja naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Lu} }ewuqnqdlj nja nmd`dqt ql nqq}noq, }eqndj, nja se}xe lu} use}s ds aewejaejq uwlj qce }e`dnmè we}hl}bnjoe lh Hnoemllf nja lu} ujae}`tdji qeocjdon` djh}nsq}uoqu}e* Lu} stsqebs bnt jlq

me nae~unqe`t aesdijea ydqc qce jeoessn}t }e`dnmd`dqt nja }eaujanjot ql nxlda we}hl}bnjoe ae`nts l} luqnies qcnq oluà me cn}bhu` ql lu} musdjess* Dh Hnoemllf ds ujnxnd`nmè ycej use}s nqqebwqql nooess dq, l} dh dq ales jlq `lna ns ~udof`t ns qcet eweoq, use}s bnt jlq }equ}j ql lu} yemsdqe ns lhqej dj qce huqu}e, l} nq n``* Ns lu} use} mnse nja qce nblujq nja qtwes lh djhl}bnqdlj scn}ea lj

Hnoemllf oljqdjue ql i}ly, ye yd`` jeea nj djo}ensdji nblujq lh qeocjdon` djh}nsq}uoqu}e, djoùadji jeqyl}f onwnodqt, nja olbwuqdji wlye}, ql oljqdjue ql snqdsht qce jeeas lh lu} use}s* Dq ds

wlssdmè qcnq ye bnt hnd` ql ehheoqdxe`t sonè nja i}ly lu} qeocjdon` djh}nsq}uoqu}e ql noolbblanqe qcese djo}ensea aebnjas* Dj naadqdlj, lu} musdjess ds sumkeoq ql djqe}}uwqdljs, ae`nts, l}

hndù}es }esu`qdji h}lb en}qc~unfes, lqce} jnqu}n` adsnsqe}s, qe}}l}dsb, l} lqce} onqnsq}lwcdo exejqs*

N sumsqnjqdn` wl}qdlj lh lu} jeqyl}f djh}nsq}uoqu}e ds w}lxdaea mt qcd}a wn}qdes* Njt ads}uwqdlj l} hndù}e dj qce se}xdoes ye }eoedxe h}lb qcese w}lxdae}s oluà cn}b lu} nmd`dqt ql cnjaè

edsqdji l} djo}ensea q}nhhdo nja oluà sdijdhdonjq`t cn}b lu} musdjess* Njt hdjnjodn` l} lqce} adhhdou`qdes qcese w}lxdae}s hnoe bnt naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} musdjess, nja ye ee}odse `dqqè oljq}l`

lxe} qcese w}lxdae}s, ycdoc djo}enses lu} xu`je}nmd`dqt ql w}lmèbs ydqc qce se}xdoes qcet w}lxdae*

Ye }eoejq`t meinj ql lyj nja mudà fet wl}qdljs lh lu} qeocjdon` djh}nsq}uoqu}e, nja, meonuse lh lu} `dbdqea ewe}dejoe dj qcds n}en, ye oluà ewe}dejoe ujhl}eseej adhhdou`qdes*

Dj =7>>, ye meinj se}xdji lu} w}lauoqs h}lb anqn oejqe}s lyjea mt Hnoemllf usdji se}xe}s sweodhdon``t aesdijea hl} us* Ye w`nj ql oljqdjue ql sdijdhdonjq`t ewnja qce sd{e lh lu}

djh}nsq}uoqu}e, w}dbn}d`t qc}luic anqn oejqe}s qcnq ye aesdij nja lyj* Qce djh}nsq}uoqu}e ewnjsdlj ye n}e ujae}qnfdji ds olbwè, nja ujnjqdodwnqea ae`nts dj qce olbwèqdlj lh qcese w}lkeoqs l}

nxnd`nmd`dqt lh olbwljejqs bnt èna ql djo}ensea w}lkeoq olsqs, lwe}nqdljn` djehhdodejodes, l} djqe}}uwqdljs dj qce ae`dxe}t l} aei}nanqdlj lh qce ~un`dqt lh lu} w}lauoqs* Dj naadqdlj, qce}e bnt me

dssues }e`nqea ql qcds djh}nsq}uoqu}e qcnq n}e jlq daejqdhdea au}dji qce qesqdji wcnses lh aesdij nja dbwèbejqnqdlj, ycdoc bnt lj`t meolbe exdaejq nhqe} ye cnxe sqn}qea ql hu``t uqd`d{e qce

ujae}`tdji e~udwbejq, qcnq oluà hu}qce} aei}nae qce use} ewe}dejoe l} djo}ense lu} olsqs*

Lu} slhqyn}e ds cdic`t qeocjdon`, nja dh dq oljqndjs ujaeqeoqea e}}l}s, lu} musdjess oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

Lu} w}lauoqs djol}wl}nqe slhqyn}e qcnq ds cdic`t qeocjdon` nja olbwè* Lu} slhqyn}e cns oljqndjea, nja bnt jly l} dj qce huqu}e oljqndj, ujaeqeoqea e}}l}s, muis, l} xu`je}nmd`dqdes*_lbe e}}l}s dj lu} slhqyn}e olae bnt lj`t me adsolxe}ea nhqe} qce olae cns meej }eènsea* Njt e}}l}s, muis, l} xu`je}nmd`dqdes adsolxe}ea dj lu} olae nhqe} }eènse oluà }esu`q dj anbnie ql lu}

}ewuqnqdlj, `lss lh use}s, `lss lh }exejue, l} `dnmd`dqt hl} anbnies, njt lh ycdoc oluà naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} musdjess nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ye onjjlq nssu}e tlu qcnq ye yd`` ehheoqdxe`t bnjnie lu} i}lyqc*

Lu} ebw`ltee cenaolujq nja qce solwe nja olbwèdqt lh lu} musdjess cnxe djo}ensea sdijdhdonjq`t, ydqc qce jubme} lh hu``"qdbe ebw`ltees djo}ensdji h}lb =,>=9 ns lh Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>7, ql ?,=77 ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nja ye eweoq cenaolujq i}lyqc ql oljqdjue hl} qce hl}eseenmè huqu}e* Qce i}lyqc nja ewnjsdlj lh lu} musdjess nja w}lauoqs o}enqe sdijdhdonjq

ocn`èjies hl} lu} bnjniebejq, lwe}nqdljn`, nja hdjnjodn` }eslu}oes, djoùadji bnjnidji bu`qdwè }e`nqdljs ydqc use}s, naxe}qdse}s, W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s, nja lqce} qcd}a wn}qdes* Dj qce exejq lh

oljqdjuea i}lyqc lh lu} lwe}nqdljs l} dj qce jubme} lh lu} qcd}a"wn}qt }e`nqdljscdws, lu} djhl}bnqdlj qeocjl`lit stsqebs l} lu} djqe}jn` oljq}l`s nja w}loeau}es bnt jlq me nae~unqe ql suwwl}q

lu} lwe}nqdljs* Dj naadqdlj, slbe bebme}s lh lu} bnjniebejq al jlq cnxe sdijdhdonjq ewe}dejoe bnjnidji n `n}ie i`lmn` musdjess lwe}nqdlj, sl lu} bnjniebejq bnt jlq me nmè ql bnjnie

suoc i}lyqc ehheoqdxe`t* Ql ehheoqdxe`t bnjnie lu} i}lyqc, ye busq oljqdjue ql dbw}lxe lu} lwe}nqdljn`, hdjnjodn`, nja bnjniebejq w}loesses nja stsqebs nja ql ehheoqdxe`t ewnja, q}ndj, nja

bnjnie lu} ebw`ltee mnse* Ns lu} l}injd{nqdlj oljqdjues ql i}ly, nja ye n}e }e~ud}ea ql dbwèbejq bl}e olbwè l}injd{nqdljn` bnjniebejq sq}uoqu}es, ye bnt hdja dq djo}ensdji`t adhhdou`q

ql bndjqndj qce mejehdqs lh lu} ol}wl}nqe ou`qu}e, djoùadji lu} nmd`dqt ql ~udof`t aexe`lw nja `nujoc jey nja djjlxnqdxe w}lauoqs* Qcds oluà jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu} musdjess we}hl}bnjoe*

Qce `lss lh lje l} bl}e lh lu} fet we}sljje`, l} lu} hndù}e ql nqq}noq nja }eqndj lqce} cdic`t ~un`dhdea we}sljje` dj qce huqu}e, oluà cn}b lu} musdjess*

Ye ou}}ejq`t aeweja lj qce oljqdjuea se}xdoes nja we}hl}bnjoe lh lu} fet we}sljje`, djoùadji Bn}f [uofe}me}i nja _ce}t` F* _njame}i* Dj naadqdlj, bnjt lh lu} fet qeocjl`lides nja

stsqebs n}e ousqlb"bnae hl} lu} musdjess mt lu} we}sljje`* Qce `lss lh fet we}sljje`, djoùadji bebme}s lh bnjniebejq ns ye`` ns fet ejidjee}dji, w}lauoq aexe`lwbejq, bn}feqdji, nja snès

we}sljje`, oluà ads}uwq lu} lwe}nqdljs nja cnxe nj naxe}se ehheoq lj lu} musdjess*

Ns ye oljqdjue ql i}ly, ye onjjlq iun}njqee ye yd`` oljqdjue ql nqq}noq qce we}sljje` ye jeea ql bndjqndj lu} olbweqdqdxe wlsdqdlj* Dj wn}qdou`n}, ye djqeja ql cd}e n sdijdhdonjq jubme}

lh ejidjee}dji nja snès we}sljje` dj =7>=, nja ye eweoq ql hnoe sdijdhdonjq olbweqdqdlj h}lb lqce} olbwnjdes dj cd}dji suoc we}sljje`, wn}qdou`n}`t dj qce _nj H}njodsol Mnt N}en* Ns ye

bnqu}e, qce djoejqdxes ql nqq}noq, }eqndj, nja blqdxnqe ebw`ltees w}lxdaea mt lu} e~udqt nyn}as l} mt huqu}e n}}njiebejqs, suoc ns qc}luic onsc mljuses, bnt jlq me ns ehheoqdxe ns dj qce wnsq*

Naadqdljn``t, ye cnxe n jubme} lh ou}}ejq ebw`ltees yclse e~udqt lyje}scdw dj lu} olbwnjt idxes qceb n sumsqnjqdn` nblujq lh we}sljn` yen`qc* @dfeydse, ye cnxe n jubme} lh ou}}ejq

ebw`ltees yclse e~udqt nyn}as n}e hu``t xesqea nja scl}q`t nhqe} qce olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji yd`` me ejqdqèa ql }eoedxe sumsqnjqdn` nblujqs lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof* Ns n }esu`q, dq

bnt me adhhdou`q hl} us ql oljqdjue ql }eqndj nja blqdxnqe qcese ebw`ltees, nja qcds yen`qc oluà nhheoq qced} aeodsdljs nmluq yceqce} l} jlq qcet oljqdjue ql yl}f hl} us* Dh ye al jlq suooeea dj

nqq}noqdji, cd}dji, nja djqei}nqdji eoe`èjq we}sljje`, l} }eqndjdji nja blqdxnqdji edsqdji we}sljje`, ye bnt me ujnmè ql i}ly ehheoqdxe`t*

Ye bnt djou} `dnmd`dqt ns n }esu`q lh djhl}bnqdlj }eq}dexea h}lb l} q}njsbdqqea lxe} qce Djqe}jeq l} wlsqea ql Hnoemllf nja o`ndbs }e`nqea ql lu} w}lauoqs*

Ye cnxe hnoea, ou}}ejq`t hnoe, nja yd`` oljqdjue ql hnoe o`ndbs }e`nqdji ql djhl}bnqdlj qcnq ds wum`dscea l} bnae nxnd`nmè lj Hnoemllf* Dj wn}qdou`n}, qce jnqu}e lh lu} musdjess ewlses us

ql o`ndbs }e`nqea ql aehnbnqdlj, djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt }dicqs, }dicqs lh wum`dodqt nja w}dxnot, nja we}sljn` djku}t ql}qs* Qcds }dsf ds ejcnjoea dj oe}qndj ku}dsadoqdljs luqsdae qce Ujdqea _ qnqes yce}e

lu} w}lqeoqdlj h}lb `dnmd`dqt hl} qcd}a"wn}qt noqdljs bnt me ujoèn} nja yce}e ye bnt me èss w}lqeoqea ujae} `lon` `nys qcnj ye n}e dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes* Ye oluà djou} sdijdhdonjq olsqs

djxesqdinqdji nja aehejadji suoc o`ndbs nja, dh ye n}e hluja `dnmè, sdijdhdonjq anbnies* Dh njt lh qcese exejqs loou}, lu} musdjess nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

=?


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Olbwuqe} bn`yn}e, xd}uses, cnofdji nja wcdscdji nqqnofs, nja swnbbdji oluà cn}b lu} musdjess nja }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs*

Olbwuqe} bn`yn}e, xd}uses, nja olbwuqe} cnofdji nja wcdscdji nqqnofs cnxe meolbe bl}e w}exnèjq dj lu} djausq}t, cnxe loou}}ea lj lu} stsqebs dj qce wnsq, nja bnt loou} lj lu}

stsqebs dj qce huqu}e* Meonuse lh lu} w}lbdjejoe, ye me`dexe qcnq ye n}e n wn}qdou`n}`t nqq}noqdxe qn}ieq hl} suoc nqqnofs* Qcluic dq ds adhhdou`q ql aeqe}bdje ycnq, dh njt, cn}b bnt ad}eoq`t }esu`q

h}lb njt sweodhdo djqe}}uwqdlj l} nqqnof, njt hndù}e ql bndjqndj we}hl}bnjoe, }e`dnmd`dqt, seou}dqt, nja nxnd`nmd`dqt lh lu} w}lauoqs nja qeocjdon` djh}nsq}uoqu}e ql qce snqdshnoqdlj lh lu} use}s bnt

cn}b lu} }ewuqnqdlj nja lu} nmd`dqt ql }eqndj edsqdji use}s nja nqq}noq jey use}s*

Dj naadqdlj, swnbbe}s nqqebwq ql use lu} w}lauoqs ql seja qn}ieqea nja ujqn}ieqea swnb bessnies ql use}s, ycdoc bnt ebmn}}nss l} njjlt use}s nja bnfe Hnoemllf èss use}"h}deja`t*

Ye onjjlq me oe}qndj qcnq qce qeocjl`lides nja ebw`ltees qcnq ye cnxe ql nqqebwq ql aehenq swnbbdji nqqnofs yd`` me nmè ql e`dbdjnqe n`` swnb bessnies h}lb medji sejq lj lu} w`nqhl}b* Ns n

}esu`q lh swnbbdji noqdxdqdes, lu} use}s bnt use Hnoemllf èss l} sqlw usdji lu} w}lauoqs n`qlieqce}*

Wntbejq q}njsnoqdljs lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b bnt sumkeoq us ql naadqdljn` }eiu`nql}t }e~ud}ebejqs nja lqce} }dsfs qcnq oluà me olsq`t nja adhhdou`q ql olbw`t ydqc l} qcnq oluà cn}b lu}

musdjess*

Lu} use}s onj use qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b ql wu}ocnse xd}qun` nja adid qn` illas h}lb lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s usdji lu} Wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e* Aewejadji lj cly lu} Wntbejqs w}lauoq

exl`xes, ye bnt me sumkeoq ql n xn}deqt lh `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes, Eu}lwe, nja e`seyce}e, djoùadji qclse ilxe}jdji bljet q}njsbdssdlj, idhq on}as nja lqce} w}ewnda nooess

djsq}ubejqs, eèoq}ljdo hujas q}njshe}s, njqd"bljet `nujae}dji, olujqe}"qe}}l}dsq hdjnjodji, inbm`dji, mnjfdji nja èjadji, nja dbwl}q nja ewl}q }esq}doqdljs* Dj slbe ku}dsadoqdljs, qce

nww`donqdlj l} djqe}w}eqnqdlj lh qcese `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs ds jl q oèn}* Ql djo}ense hèdmd`dqt dj cly lu} use lh Wntbejqs bnt exl`xe nja ql bdqdinqe }eiu`nql}t ujoe}qndjqt, ye cnxe nww`dea hl}

oe}qndj bljet q}njsbdqqe} `doejses nja eweoq ql nww`t hl} naadqdljn` bljet q}njsbdqqe} `doejses dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes, ycdoc yd`` ieje}n``t }e~ud}e us ql aebljsq}nqe olbw`dnjoe ydqc bnjt

albesqdo `nys dj qcese n}ens* Lu} ehhl}qs ql olbw`t ydqc qcese `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs oluà me olsq`t nja }esu`q dj adxe}sdlj lh bnjniebejq qdbe nja ehhl}q nja bnt sqd`` jlq iun}njqee olbw`dnjoe*

Dj qce exejq qcnq ye n}e hluja ql me dj xdl`nqdlj lh njt suoc èin` l} }eiu`nql}t }e~ud}ebejqs, ye bnt me sumkeoq ql bljeqn}t hdjes l} lqce} wejn`qdes suoc ns n oense nja aesdsq l }ae}, l} ye bnt

me }e~ud}ea ql bnfe w}lauoq ocnjies, njt lh ycdoc oluà cnxe nj naxe}se ehheoq lj lu} musdjess nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Dj naadqdlj, ye bnt me sumkeoq ql n xn}deqt lh naadqdljn` }dsfs ns n }esu`q l h Wntbejqs lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b, djoùadji;

• djo}ensea olsqs nja adxe}sdlj lh bnjniebejq qdbe nja ehhl}q nja lqce} }eslu}oes ql aen` ydqc mna q}njsnoqdljs l} ousqlbe} adswuqes6

• wlqejqdn` h}nuauèjq l} lqce}ydse d`èin` noqdxdqt mt use}s, aexe`lwe}s, ebw`ltees, l} qcd}a wn}qdes6

• }esq}doqdljs lj qce djxesqbejq lh oljsube} hujas usea ql q}njsnoq Wntbejqs6 nja

• naadqdljn` adso`lsu}e nja }ewl}qdji }e~ud}ebejqs*

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ye w`nj ql oljqdjue ewnjadji lu} lwe}nqdljs nm}lna yce}e ye cnxe `dbdqea lwe}nqdji ewe}dejoe nja bnt me sumkeoq ql djo}ensea musdjess nja eoljlbdo }dsfs qcnq oluà nhheoq lu}

hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Ye w`nj ql oljqdjue qce djqe}jnqdljn` ewnjsdlj lh lu} musdjess lwe}nqdljs nja qce q}njs`nqdlj lh lu} w}lauoqs* Ye ou}}ejq`t bnfe Hnoemllf nxnd`nmè dj bl}e qcnj 97 adhhe}ejq `njiunies,

nja ye cnxe lhhdoes l} anqn oejqe}s dj bl}e qcnj =7 adhhe}ejq olujq}des* Ye bnt ejqe} jey djqe}jnqdljn` bn}feqs yce}e ye cnxe `dbdqea l} jl ewe}dejoe dj bn}feqdji, se``dji, nja aew`ltdji lu}

w}lauoqs* Hl} enbwè, ye oljqdjue ql exnùnqe ejqe}dji Ocdjn* Clyexe}, qcds bn}feq cns sumsqnjqdn` èin` nja }eiu`nql}t olbwèdqdes qcnq cnxe w}exejqea lu} ejq}t djql Ocdjn ql anqe* Dh ye hnd`

ql aew`lt l} bnjnie lu} lwe}nqdljs dj djqe}jnqdljn` bn}feqs suooesshu``t, lu} musdjess bnt suhhe}* Dj naadqdlj, ye n}e sumkeoq ql n xn}deqt lh }dsfs djce}ejq dj aldji musdjess djqe}jnqdljn``t,

djoùadji;

• wl`dqdon`, slodn`, l} eoljlbdo djsqnmd`dqt6

• }dsfs }e`nqea ql qce èin` nja }eiu`nql}t ejxd}ljbejq dj hl}edij ku}dsadoqdljs, djoùadji ydqc }esweoq ql w}dxnot, nja ujeweoqea ocnjies dj `nys, }eiu`nql}t }e~ud}ebejqs, njaejhl}oebejq6

• wlqejqdn` anbnie ql lu} m}nja nja }ewuqnqdlj aue ql olbw`dnjoe ydqc `lon` `nys, djoùadji wlqejqdn` oejsl}scdw l} }e~ud}ebejqs ql w}lxdae use} djhl}bnqdlj ql `lon` nuqcl}dqdes6

• hùoqunqdljs dj ou}}ejot eocnjie }nqes6

• cdice} èxe`s lh o}eadq }dsf nja wntbejq h}nua6

• ejcnjoea adhhdou`qdes lh djqei}nqdji njt hl}edij no~udsdqdljs6

• mu}aejs lh olbw`tdji ydqc n xn}deqt lh hl}edij `nys6

• }eauoea w}lqeoqdlj hl} djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt }dicqs dj slbe olujq}des6

• adhhdou`qdes dj sqnhhdji nja bnjnidji i`lmn` lwe}nqdljs nja qce djo}ensea q}nxe`, djh}nsq}uoqu}e, nja ein` olbw`dnjoe olsqs nsslodnqea ydqc bu`qdwè djqe}jnqdljn` lonqdljs6

• olbw`dnjoe ydqc qce U*_* Hl}edij Ol}}uwq W}noqdoes Noq, qce U*F* M}dme}t Noq, nja sdbd`n} `nys dj lqce} ku}dsadoqdljs6 nja

• olbw`dnjoe ydqc sqnquql}t e~udqt }e~ud}ebejqs nja bnjniebejq lh qn oljse~uejoes*

Dh ye n}e ujnmè ql ewnja djqe}jnqdljn``t nja bnjnie qce olbwèdqt lh lu} i`lmn` lwe}nqdljs suooesshu``t, lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

Ye w`nj ql oljqdjue ql bnfe no~udsdqdljs, ycdoc oluà }e~ud}e sdijdhdonjq bnjniebejq nqqejqdlj, ads}uwq lu} musdjess, }esu`q dj adùqdlj ql lu} sqlofclàe}s, nja naxe}se`t nhheoq lu}

hdjnjodn` }esu`qs*

Ns wn}q lh lu} musdjess sq}nqeit, ye cnxe bnae nja djqeja ql bnfe no~udsdqdljs ql naa sweodn`d{ea ebw`ltees, olbwèbejqn}t olbwnjdes, w}lauoqs, l} qeocjl`lides* Clyexe}, ye cnxe

jlq bnae njt `n}ie no~udsdqdljs ql anqe, nja, ns n }esu`q, lu} nmd`dqt ql no~ud}e nja djqei}nqe `n}ie} l} bl}e sdijdhdonjq olbwnjdes, w}lauoqs, l} qeocjl`lides dj n suooesshu` bnjje} ds ujw}lxej* Dj

qce huqu}e, ye bnt jlq me nmè ql hdja lqce} sudqnmè no~udsdqdlj onjadanqes, nja ye bnt jlq me nmè ql olbwèqe no~udsdqdljs lj hnxl}nmè qe}bs, dh nq n``* Lu} w}exdlus nja huqu}e no~udsdqdljs

bnt jlq nocdexe lu} iln`s, nja njt huqu}e no~udsdqdljs ye olbwèqe oluà me xdeyea jeinqdxe`t mt use}s, aexe`lwe}s, naxe}qdse}s, l} djxesql}s* Dj naadqdlj, dh ye hnd` ql suooesshu``t djqei}nqe njt

no~udsdqdljs, l} qce qeocjl`lides nsslodnqea ydqc suoc no~udsdqdljs, djql lu} olbwnjt, qce }exejue nja lwe}nqdji }esu`qs lh qce olbmdjea olbwnjt oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea* Njt djqei}nqdlj

w}loess bnt }e~ud}e sdijdhdonjq qdbe nja }eslu}oes, nja ye bnt jlq me nmè ql bnjnie qce w}loess suooesshu``t* Ye bnt jlq suooesshu``t exnùnqe l} uqd`d{e qce no~ud}ea qeocjl`lit l} we}sljje`,

l} noou}nqe`t hl}eonsq qce hdjnjodn` dbwnoq lh nj no~udsdqdlj q}njsnoqdlj, djoùadji noolujqdji ocn}ies* Ye bnt cnxe ql wnt onsc, djou} aemq, l} dssue e~udqt seou}dqdes ql wnt hl} njt suoc

no~udsdqdlj, njt lh ycdoc oluà naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs* Qce snè lh e~udqt l} dssunjoe lh aemq ql hdjnjoe njt suoc no~udsdqdljs oluà }esu`q dj adùqdlj ql lu} sqlofclàe}s* Qce

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

djou}}ejoe lh djaemqeajess yluà }esu`q dj djo}ensea hdea lm`dinqdljs nja oluà n`sl djoùae olxejnjqs l} lqce} }esq}doqdljs qcnq yluà dbweae lu} nmd`dqt ql bnjnie lu} lwe}nqdljs*

Dh ye aehnu`q lj lu} ènsdji nja o}eadq lm`dinqdljs, lu} lwe}nqdljs bnt me djqe}}uwqea nja lu} musdjess nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

Ye hdjnjoe n sdijdhdonjq wl}qdlj lh lu} ewejadqu}es qc}luic ènsdji n}}njiebejqs, slbe lh ycdoc n}e jlq }e~ud}ea ql me }ehèoqea lj lu} mn`njoe sceeq, nja ye bnt ejqe} djql naadqdljn`

sdbd`n} n}}njiebejqs dj qce huqu}e* Dj wn}qdou`n}, ye cnxe usea qcese qtwes lh n}}njiebejqs ql hdjnjoe slbe lh lu} e~udwbejq nja anqn oejqe}s* Dj naadqdlj, ye cnxe n }exl`xdji o}eadq hnod`dqt qcnq

ye bnt a}ny uwlj ql hdjnjoe lu} lwe}nqdljs l} lqce} ol}wl}nqe wu}wlses, suoc ns hujadji lu} qn ydqcclàdji nja }ebdqqnjoe lm`dinqdljs dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce seqqèbejq lh ]_Us* Dh ye aehnu`q

lj qcese ènsdji nja o}eadq lm`dinqdljs, lu} ènsdji wn}qje}s nja èjae}s bnt, nblji lqce} qcdjis;

• }e~ud}e }ewntbejq lh njt luqsqnjadji ènse lm`dinqdljs l} nblujqs a}nyj lj lu} o}eadq hnod`dqt6

• qe}bdjnqe lu} ensdji n}}njiebejqs nja o}eadq hnod`dqt6

• qe}bdjnqe lu} nooess ql qce ènsea anqn oejqe}s ye uqd`d{e6

• sqlw ae`dxe}t lh l}ae}ea e~udwbejq6

• se`` l} }e~ud}e us ql }equ}j lu} ènsea e~udwbejq6 l}

• }e~ud}e us ql wnt sdijdhdonjq anbnies*

Dh slbe l} n`` lh qcese exejqs ye}e ql loou}, lu} lwe}nqdljs bnt me djqe}}uwqea nja lu} nmd`dqt ql huja lu} lwe}nqdljs l} lm`dinqdljs, ns ye`` ns lu} musdjess, hdjnjodn` }esu`qs, nja hdjnjodn`

oljadqdlj, oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

Ye bnt cnxe ewlsu}e ql i}enqe} qcnj njqdodwnqea qn `dnmd`dqdes*

Lu} djolbe qn lm`dinqdljs n}e mnsea lj lu} ol}wl}nqe lwe}nqdji sq}uoqu}e nja djqe}olbwnjt n}}njiebejqs, djoùadji qce bnjje} dj ycdoc ye aexe`lw, xnùe, nja use lu} djqe`èoqun`

w}lwe}qt nja qce xnùnqdljs lh lu} djqe}olbwnjt q}njsnoqdljs* Qce qn `nys nww`donmè ql lu} djqe}jnqdljn` musdjess noqdxdqdes, djoùadji qce `nys lh qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja lqce} ku}dsadoqdljs, n}e

sumkeoq ql djqe}w}eqnqdlj* Qce qndji nuqcl}dqdes lh qce ku}dsadoqdljs dj ycdoc ye lwe}nqe bnt ocn`èjie lu} beqclal`lides hl} xnùdji aexe`lwea qeocjl`lit l} djqe}olbwnjt n}}njiebejqs, ycdoc

oluà djo}ense lu} yl}àydae ehheoqdxe qn }nqe nja cn}b lu} hdjnjodn` wlsdqdlj nja }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs* Dj naadqdlj, lu} huqu}e djolbe qnes oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea mt en}jdjis medji `lye}

qcnj njqdodwnqea dj ku}dsadoqdljs qcnq cnxe `lye} sqnquql}t qn }nqes nja cdice} qcnj njqdodwnqea dj ku}dsadoqdljs qcnq cnxe cdice} sqnquql}t qn }nqes, mt ocnjies dj qce xnùnqdlj lh lu} aehe}}ea qn

nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes, l} mt ocnjies dj qn `nys, }eiu`nqdljs, l} noolujqdji w}djodwès* Ye n}e sumkeoq ql }eiu`n} }exdey nja nuadq mt mlqc U*_* heae}n` nja sqnqe nja hl}edij qn nuqcl}dqdes* Njtnaxe}se luqolbe lh suoc n }exdey l} nuadq oluà cnxe n jeinqdxe ehheoq lj lu} hdjnjodn` wlsdqdlj nja }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs* Dj naadqdlj, qce aeqe}bdjnqdlj lh lu} yl}àydae w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe

qnes nja lqce} qn `dnmd`dqdes }e~ud}es sdijdhdonjq kuaibejq mt bnjniebejq, nja qce}e n}e bnjt q}njsnoqdljs yce}e qce u`qdbnqe qn aeqe}bdjnqdlj ds ujoe}qndj* N`qcluic ye me`dexe qcnq lu}

esqdbnqes n}e }ensljnmè, qce u`qdbnqe qn luqolbe bnt adhhe} h}lb qce nblujqs }eol}aea dj lu} hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs nja bnt bnqe}dn``t nhheoq lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs dj qce we}dla l} we}dlas hl}

ycdoc suoc aeqe}bdjnqdlj ds bnae*

Qce ejnoqbejq lh èids`nqdlj dbwèbejqdji ocnjies dj qce U*_* qnnqdlj lh djqe}jnqdljn` musdjess noqdxdqdes l} qce nalwqdlj lh lqce} qn }ehl}b wl`dodes oluà bnqe}dn``t nhheoq lu} hdjnjodn`

wlsdqdlj nja }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs*

Qce ou}}ejq nabdjdsq}nqdlj cns bnae wum`do sqnqebejqs djadonqdji qcnq dq cns bnae djqe}jnqdljn` qn }ehl}b n w}dl}dqt, nja fet bebme}s lh qce U*_* Olji}ess cnxe oljauoqea cen}djis nja

w}lwlsea n ydae xn}deqt lh

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

wlqejqdn` ocnjies* Oe}qndj ocnjies ql U*_* qn `nys, djoùadji `dbdqnqdljs lj qce nmd`dqt ql aehe} U*_* qnnqdlj lj en}jdjis luqsdae lh qce Ujdqea _qnqes ujqd` qclse en}jdjis n}e }ewnq}dnqea ql qce

Ujdqea _qnqes, oluà nhheoq qce qn q}enqbejq lh lu} hl}edij en}jdjis, ns ye`` ns onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjq mn`njoes ye ou}}ejq`t bndjqndj luqsdae lh qce Ujdqea _qnqes* Aue ql qce `n}ie nja

ewnjadji sonè lh lu} djqe}jnqdljn` musdjess noqdxdqdes, njt ocnjies dj qce U*_* qnnqdlj lh suoc noqdxdqdes bnt djo}ense lu} yl}àydae ehheoqdxe qn }nqe nja cn}b lu} hdjnjodn` wlsdqdlj nja

}esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs*

]dsfs ]e`nqea ql Lu} Djdqdn` Wum`do Lhhe}dji nja Lyje}scdw lh Lu} O`nss N Olbblj _qlof

Qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof bnt me xl`nqdè l} bnt aeo`dje }ein}aèss lh lu} lwe}nqdji we}hl}bnjoe, nja tlu bnt jlq me nmè ql }ese`` tlu} scn}es nq l} nmlxe qce djdqdn`

wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe*

Qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe hl} lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof yd`` me aeqe}bdjea qc}luic jeilqdnqdljs meqyeej qce ujae}y}dqe}s nja us nja bnt xn}t h}lb qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu}

O`nss N olbblj sqlof hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Dh tlu wu}ocnse scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, tlu bnt jlq me nmè ql }ese`` qclse scn}es nq l}

nmlxe qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe* Ye onjjlq nssu}e tlu qcnq qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof, l} qce bn}feq w}doe hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, yd`` e~un`

l} eoeea w}does dj w}dxnqe`t jeilqdnqea q}njsnoqdljs lh lu} scn}es qcnq cnxe loou}}ea h}lb qdbe ql qdbe w}dl} ql lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof bnt

hùoqunqe sdijdhdonjq`t dj }eswljse ql jube}lus hnoql}s, bnjt lh ycdoc n}e metlja lu} oljq}l`, djoùadji;

• noqun` l} njqdodwnqea hùoqunqdljs dj lu} }exejue nja lqce} lwe}nqdji }esu`qs6

• qce hdjnjodn` w}lkeoqdljs ye bnt w}lxdae ql qce wum`do, njt ocnjies dj qcese w}lkeoqdljs l} lu} hndù}e ql beeq qcese w}lkeoqdljs6

• noqdljs lh seou}dqdes njn`tsqs ycl djdqdnqe l} bndjqndj olxe}nie lh us, ocnjies dj hdjnjodn` esqdbnqes mt njt seou}dqdes njn`tsqs ycl hl``ly lu} olbwnjt, l} lu} hndù}e ql beeq

qcese esqdbnqes l} qce eweoqnqdljs lh djxesql}s6

• naadqdljn` scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof medji slà djql qce bn}feq mt us l} lu} edsqdji sqlofclàe}s l} qce njqdodwnqdlj lh suoc snès, djoùadji dh ye dssue scn}es ql snqdsht

]_U"}e`nqea qn lm`dinqdljs l} dh edsqdji sqlofclàe}s se`` scn}es djql qce bn}feq ycej nww`donmè ‐`lof"uw‒ we}dlas eja6

• njjlujoebejqs mt us l} lu} olbweqdql}s lh sdijdhdonjq w}lauoqs l} henqu}es, qeocjdon` djjlxnqdljs, no~udsdqdljs, sq}nqeido wn}qje}scdws, kldjq xejqu}es, l} onwdqn` olbbdqbejqs6

• njjlujoebejqs mt us l} esqdbnqes mt qcd}a wn}qdes lh noqun` l} njqdodwnqea ocnjies dj qce sd{e lh lu} use} mnse l} qce èxe` lh use} ejiniebejq6

• ocnjies dj lwe}nqdji we}hl}bnjoe nja sqlof bn}feq xnùnqdljs lh qeocjl`lit olbwnjdes dj lu} djausq}t, djoùadji lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s nja olbweqdql}s6

• w}doe nja xlùbe hùoqunqdljs dj qce lxe}n`` sqlof bn}feq, djoùadji ns n }esu`q lh q}ejas dj qce eoljlbt ns n yclè6

• `nysudqs qc}enqejea l} hdèa nindjsq us6

• aexe`lwbejqs dj jey èids`nqdlj nja wejadji `nysudqs l} }eiu`nql}t noqdljs, djoùadji djqe}db l} hdjn` }u`djis mt kuadodn` l} }eiu`nql}t mlades6 nja

• lqce} exejqs l} hnoql}s, djoùadji qclse }esu`qdji h}lb yn} l} djodaejqs lh qe}}l}dsb, l} }eswljses ql qcese exejqs*

Dj naadqdlj, qce sqlof bn}feqs cnxe ewe}dejoea eq}ebe w}doe nja xlùbe hùoqunqdljs qcnq cnxe nhheoqea nja oljqdjue ql nhheoq qce bn}feq w}does lh e~udqt seou}dqdes lh bnjt qeocjl`lit

olbwnjdes* _qlof w}does lh bnjt

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

qeocjl`lit olbwnjdes cnxe hùoqunqea dj n bnjje} uj}e`nqea l} adsw}lwl}qdljnqe ql qce lwe}nqdji we}hl}bnjoe lh qclse olbwnjdes* Dj qce wnsq, sqlofclàe}s cnxe hdèa seou}dqdes o`nss noqdlj

`dqdinqdlj hl``lydji we}dlas lh bn}feq xl`nqd`dqt* Dh ye ye}e ql meolbe djxl`xea dj seou}dqdes `dqdinqdlj, dq oluà sumkeoq us ql sumsqnjqdn` olsqs, adxe}q }eslu}oes nja qce nqqejqdlj lh bnjniebejq

h}lb lu} musdjess, nja naxe}se`t nhheoq lu} musdjess*

_umsqnjqdn` m`lofs lh lu} qlqn` luqsqnjadji scn}es bnt me slà djql qce bn}feq ycej ‐`lof"uw‒ l} ‐bn}feq sqnjalhh‒ we}dlas eja* Dh qce}e n}e sumsqnjqdn` snès lh scn}es lh lu} olbblj

sqlof, qce w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof oluà aeo`dje*

Qce w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof oluà aeo`dje dh qce}e n}e sumsqnjqdn` snès lh lu} olbblj sqlof, wn}qdou`n}`t snès mt lu} ad}eoql}s, eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, ebw`ltees, nja sdijdhdonjq

sqlofclàe}s, l} ycej qce}e ds n n}ie jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof nxnd nmè hl} snè* Nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ye yd ` cnxe luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj

sqlof nja scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof, mnsea lj qce jubme} lh scn}es luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Qcds djoùaes scn}es qcnq ye nja qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s n}e

se``dji dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ycdoc scn}es bnt me }eslà dj qce wum`do bn}feq dbbeadnqe`t hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, nja nssubes jl naadqdljn` ee}odses lh luqsqnjadji lwqdljs#lqce} qcnj qce ee}odse lh qce lwqdlj ceà mt B}* [uofe}me}i aeso}dmea e`seyce}e dj qcds w}lsweoqus$* Dj naadqdlj, ye eweoq ql dssue scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof uwlj qce jeq

seqqèbejq lh ]_Us nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* _cn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e oljxe}qdmè djql nj e~udxnèjq jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N

olbblj sqlof nja ieje}n``t oljxe}q djql scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof uwlj q}njshe}* Qce scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof

qcnq n}e jlq lhhe}ea nja slà dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji ns ye`` ns qce scn}es ujae}`tdji luqsqnjadji ]_Us yd`` me e`didmè hl} snè dj qce wum`do bn}feq dj qce jen} huqu}e ns seq hl}qc me`ly*

Anqe Nxnd`nmè hl} _nè djql Wum`do Bn}feq Jubme} lh _cn}es lh Olbblj _qlof

4> ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus scn}es ceà mt qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s lqce} qcnj B}* [uofe}me}i

Nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus nww}ldbnqe`t scn}es ujae}`tdji jeq" seqqèa ]_Us

>3> ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus scn}es

=>> ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus scn}es ceà mt qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s

Lje ten} nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus

scn}es ceà mt Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea nja A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea nja qced}

}esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes

>3 bljqcs nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus

scn}es ceà mt Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea nja A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea nja qced}

}esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes

Lh qce >?3,5?4,1?1 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof qcnq ye}e sumkeoq ql sqlof lwqdljs luqsqnjadji #nja jlq ceà mt B}* [uofe}me}i$ ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, lwqdljs ql wu}ocnse

>=1,313,4=1 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ye}e xesqea ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> nja qce O`nss M olbblj sqlof ujae}`tdji suoc lwqdljs yd`` me e`didmè hl} snè nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs

nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus* Ye eweoq nj naadqdljn` scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql me ae`dxe}ea uwlj qce jeq seqqèbejq lh ]_Us meqyeej qce anqe qcnq ds nww}ldbnqe`t sd

bljqcs nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus nja Aeoebme} ?>, =7>=, ycdoc scn}es yluà me e`didmè hl} snè dj qce wum`do bn}feq dbbeadnqe`t hl``lydji seqqèbejq*

Nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, oe}qndj clàe}s lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof yd`` cnxe }dicqs, sumkeoq ql slbe oljadqdljs, ql }e~ud}e us ql hdè }eidsq}nqdlj

sqnqebejqs olxe}dji qced} scn}es l} ql djoùae qced} scn}es dj }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejqs qcnq ye bnt hdè hl} lu}se`xes l} lu} sqlofclàe}s* N`` lh qcese scn}es n}e sumkeoq ql bn}feq sqnjalhh l} `lof"uw

ni}eebejqs }esq}doqdji qced} snè hl} sweodhdea we}dlas lh qdbe nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus* Ye n`sl djqeja ql }eidsqe} scn}es lh olbblj sqlof qcnq ye cnxe dssuea nja bnt

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

dssue ujae} lu} ebw`ltee e~udqt djoejqdxe w`njs* Ljoe ye }eidsqe} qcese scn}es, qcet yd`` me nmè ql me slà h}ee`t dj qce wum`do bn}feq uwlj dssunjoe, sumkeoq ql edsqdji bn}feq sqnjalhh l}

`lof"uw ni}eebejqs*

Bl}inj _qnjèt ( Ol* @@O bnt, dj dqs slè adso}eqdlj, we}bdq lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, lu} ad}eoql}s, nja qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s ql se`` scn}es w}dl} ql qce ewd}nqdlj lh qce }esq}doqdxe

w}lxdsdljs oljqndjea dj qce ‐`lof"uw‒ ni}eebejqs ydqc qce ujae}y}dqe}s* Dj naadqdlj, ye bnt, dj lu} slè adso}eqdlj, we}bdq lu} ebw`ltees nja ou}}ejq sqlofclàe}s ycl n}e sumkeoq ql bn}feq

sqnjalhh ni}eebejqs l} n}}njiebejqs ydqc us nja ycl n}e jlq sumkeoq ql n `lof"uw ni}eebejq ydqc qce ujae}y}dqe}s ql se`` scn}es w}dl} ql qce ewd}nqdlj lh qce }esq}doqdxe w}lxdsdljs oljqndjea dj

qclse bn}feq sqnjalhh ni}eebejqs l} n}}njiebejqs*

Qce bn}feq w}doe lh qce scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof oluà aeo`dje ns n }esu`q lh qce snè lh n sumsqnjqdn` jubme} lh lu} scn}es lh olbblj sqlof dj qce wum`do bn}feq l} qce

we}oewqdlj dj qce bn}feq qcnq qce clàe}s lh n `n}ie jubme} lh scn}es djqeja ql se`` qced} scn}es*

Dj bnfdji tlu} djxesqbejq aeodsdlj, tlu scluà jlq }e`t lj djhl}bnqdlj dj wum`do beadn qcnq ds wum`dscea mt qcd}a wn}qdes* Tlu scluà }e`t lj`t lj sqnqebejqs bnae dj qcds w}lsweoqus dj

aeqe}bdjdji yceqce} ql wu}ocnse lu} scn}es*

Tlu scluà on}ehu``t exnùnqe n`` lh qce djhl}bnqdlj dj qcds w}lsweoqus* Ye cnxe dj qce wnsq }eoedxea, nja bnt oljqdjue ql }eoedxe, n cdic aei}ee lh beadn olxe}nie, djoùadji olxe}nie

qcnq ds jlq ad}eoq`t nqq}dmuqnmè ql sqnqebejqs bnae mt lu} lhhdoe}s nja ebw`ltees, qcnq djol}}eoq`t }ewl}qs lj sqnqebejqs bnae mt lu} lhhdoe}s l} ebw`ltees, l} qcnq ds bdsènadji ns n }esu`q lh

lbdqqdji djhl}bnqdlj w}lxdaea mt us, lu} lhhdoe}s, l} ebw`ltees* Tlu scluà }e`t lj`t lj qce djhl}bnqdlj oljqndjea dj qcds w}lsweoqus dj aeqe}bdjdji yceqce} ql wu}ocnse lu} scn}es lh O`nss N

olbblj sqlof*

Ye cnxe m}lna adso}eqdlj dj qce use lh qce jeq w}loeeas h}lb lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji nja bnt jlq use qceb ehheoqdxe`t*

Ye onjjlq sweodht ydqc njt oe}qndjqt qce wn}qdou`n} uses lh qce jeq w}loeeas qcnq ye yd`` }eoedxe h}lb lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Lu} bnjniebejq yd`` cnxe m}lna adso}eqdlj dj qce

nww`donqdlj lh qce jeq w}loeeas, djoùadji yl}fdji onwdqn`, wlssdmè no~udsdqdljs, nja lqce} ieje}n` ol}wl}nqe wu}wlses, nja ye bnt sweja l} djxesq qcese w}loeeas dj n ynt ydqc ycdoc lu}

sqlofclàe}s adsni}ee* Qce hndù}e mt lu} bnjniebejq ql nww`t qcese hujas ehheoqdxe`t oluà cn}b lu} musdjess nja hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj* Wejadji qced} use, ye bnt djxesq qce jeq w}loeeas h}lb

lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji dj n bnjje} qcnq ales jlq w}lauoe djolbe l} qcnq `lses xnùe*

Dh seou}dqdes l} djausq}t njn`tsqs wum`dsc djnoou}nqe l} ujhnxl}nmè }esen}oc nmluq lu} musdjess, lu} sqlof w}doe oluà aeo`dje*

Qce q}nadji bn}feq hl} lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof yd`` aeweja dj wn}q lj qce }esen}oc nja }ewl}qs qcnq seou}dqdes l} djausq}t njn`tsqs wum`dsc nmluq us l} lu} musdjess* Dh lje l} bl}e lh qce

njn`tsqs ycl olxe} us alyji}nae lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof l} wum`dsc djnoou}nqe l} ujhnxl}nmè }esen}oc nmluq lu} musdjess, lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof w}doe yluà `dfe`t aeo`dje*

Ye al jlq djqeja ql wnt adxdaejas hl} qce hl}eseenmè huqu}e*

Ye cnxe jexe} aeo`n}ea l} wnda onsc adxdaejas lj lu} onwdqn` sqlof* Ye ou}}ejq`t djqeja ql }eqndj njt huqu}e en}jdjis ql hdjnjoe qce lwe}nqdlj nja ewnjsdlj lh lu} musdjess, nja ye al

jlq eweoq ql aeo`n}e l} wnt njt adxdaejas dj qce hl}eseenmè huqu}e* Ns n }esu`q, tlu bnt lj`t }eoedxe n }equ}j lj tlu} djxesqbejq dj lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof dh qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu} O`nss N

olbblj sqlof djo}enses* Dj naadqdlj, lu} o}eadq hnod`dqt oljqndjs }esq}doqdljs lj lu} nmd`dqt ql wnt adxdaejas*

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Dh ye n}e ujnmè ql dbwèbejq nja bndjqndj ehheoqdxe djqe}jn` oljq}l` lxe} hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji dj qce huqu}e, djxesql}s bnt `lse oljhdaejoe dj qce noou}not nja olbwèqejess lh lu} hdjnjodn`

}ewl}qs nja qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof bnt me jeinqdxe`t nhheoqea*

Ns n wum`do olbwnjt, ye yd`` me }e~ud}ea ql bndjqndj djqe}jn` oljq}l`s lxe} hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji nja ql }ewl}q njt bnqe}dn` yenfjesses dj suoc djqe}jn` oljq}l`s* Dj naadqdlj, meidjjdji ydqc

lu} =7>? Njjun` ]ewl}q lj Hl}b >7"F ql me hdèa dj =7>1, ye yd`` me }e~ud}ea ql hu}jdsc n }ewl}q mt bnjniebejq lj qce ehheoqdxejess lh lu} djqe}jn` oljq}l` lxe} hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji wu}sunjq ql

_eoqdlj 171 lh qce _n}mnjes"Lèt Noq* Ye n}e dj qce w}loess lh aesdijdji, dbwèbejqdji, nja qesqdji qce djqe}jn` oljq}l` lxe} hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji }e~ud}ea ql olbw`t ydqc qcds lm`dinqdlj, ycdoc

w}loess ds qdbe oljsubdji, olsq`t, nja olbw`donqea* Dh ye daejqdht bnqe}dn` yenfjesses dj lu} djqe}jn` oljq}l` lxe} hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji, dh ye n}e ujnmè ql olbw`t ydqc qce }e~ud}ebejqs lh

_eoqdlj 171 dj n qdbe`t bnjje} l} nsse}q qcnq lu} djqe}jn` oljq}l` lxe} hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji ds ehheoqdxe, l} dh lu} djaewejaejq }eidsqe}ea wum`do noolujqdji hd}b ds ujnmè ql ew}ess nj lwdjdlj ns ql

qce ehheoqdxejess lh lu} djqe}jn` oljq}l` lxe} hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji, djxesql}s bnt `lse oljhdaejoe dj qce noou}not nja olbwèqejess lh lu} hdjnjodn` }ewl}qs nja qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu} O`nss N

olbblj sqlof oluà me jeinqdxe`t nhheoqea, nja ye oluà meolbe sumkeoq ql djxesqdinqdljs mt qce sqlof eocnjie lj ycdoc lu} seou}dqdes n}e `dsqea, qce _eou}dqdes nja Eocnjie Olbbdssdlj, l}

lqce} }eiu`nql}t nuqcl}dqdes, ycdoc oluà }e~ud}e naadqdljn` hdjnjodn` nja bnjniebejq }eslu}oes*

Qce }e~ud}ebejqs lh medji n wum`do olbwnjt bnt sq}ndj lu} }eslu}oes nja adxe}q bnjniebejq—s nqqejqdlj*

Ns n wum`do olbwnjt, ye yd`` me sumkeoq ql qce }ewl}qdji }e~ud}ebejqs lh qce _eou}dqdes Eocnjie Noq lh >4?1, ns nbejaea #Eocnjie Noq$, qce _n}mnjes"Lèt Noq, qce Alaa"H}njf Noq,

qce `dsqdji }e~ud}ebejqs lh qce , nja lqce} nww`donmè seou}dqdes }uès nja }eiu`nqdljs* Olbw`dnjoe ydqc qcese }uès nja }eiu`nqdljs yd`` djo}ense lu} èin` nja hdjnjodn` olbw`dnjoe

olsqs, bnfe slbe noqdxdqdes bl}e adhhdou`q, qdbe"oljsubdji, l} olsq`t, nja djo}ense aebnja lj lu} stsqebs nja }eslu}oes* Qce Eocnjie Noq }e~ud}es, nblji lqce} qcdjis, qcnq ye hdè njjun`,

~un}qe}`t, nja ou}}ejq }ewl}qs ydqc }esweoq ql lu} musdjess nja lwe}nqdji }esu`qs*

Ns n }esu`q lh adso`lsu}e lh djhl}bnqdlj dj qcds w}lsweoqus nja dj hd`djis }e~ud}ea lh n wum`do olbwnjt, lu} musdjess nja hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj yd`` meolbe bl}e xdsdmè, ycdoc ye me`dexe

bnt }esu`q dj qc}enqejea l} noqun` `dqdinqdlj, djoùadji mt olbweqdql}s nja lqce} qcd}a wn}qdes* Dh suoc o`ndbs n}e suooesshu`, lu} musdjess nja lwe}nqdji }esu`qs oluà me cn}bea, nja exej dh qce

o`ndbs al jlq }esu`q dj `dqdinqdlj l} n}e }esl`xea dj lu} hnxl}, qcese o`ndbs, nja qce qdbe nja }eslu}oes jeoessn}t ql }esl`xe qceb, oluà adxe}q qce }eslu}oes lh lu} bnjniebejq nja cn}b lu}

musdjess nja lwe}nqdji }esu`qs*

Dh tlu wu}ocnse scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, tlu yd`` ewe}dejoe sumsqnjqdn` nja dbbeadnqe adùqdlj*

Dh tlu wu}ocnse scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, tlu yd`` ewe}dejoe sumsqnjqdn` nja dbbeadnqe adùqdlj dj qce w}l hl}bn jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe we}

scn}e lh ! we} scn}e ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, mnsea lj nj nssubea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof lh ! we} scn}e, qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce

olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, meonuse qce w}doe qcnq tlu wnt yd`` me sumsqnjqdn``t i}enqe} qcnj qce w}l hl}bn jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe we} scn}e lh qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof qcnq tlu no~ud}e* Qcds

adùqdlj ds aue dj `n}ie wn}q ql qce hnoq qcnq lu} en}`de} djxesql}s wnda sumsqnjqdn``t èss qcnj qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe ycej qcet wu}ocnsea qced} scn}es lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof* Tlu yd``

ewe}dejoe naadqdljn` adùqdlj uwlj ee}odse lh lwqdljs ql wu}ocnse olbblj sqlof ujae} lu} e~udqt djoejqdxe w`njs, uwlj xesqdji lh ]_Us, dh ye dssue }esq}doqea sqlof ql lu} ebw`ltees ujae} lu}e~udqt djoejqdxe w`njs, l} dh ye lqce}ydse dssue naadqdljn` scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof* Hl} bl}e djhl}bnqdlj, see ‐Adùqdlj*‒

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Qce aun` o`nss sq}uoqu}e lh lu} olbblj sqlof nja qce xlqdji ni}eebejqs nblji oe}qndj sqlofclàe}s cnxe qce ehheoq lh oljoejq}nqdji xlqdji oljq}l` ydqc lu} OEL, nja n`sl ydqc ebw`ltees

nja ad}eoql}s nja qced} nhhd`dnqes*

Lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof cns qej xlqes we} scn}e, nja lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof, ycdoc ds qce sqlof ye n}e lhhe}dji dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, cns lje xlqe we} scn}e* _qlofclàe}s

ycl clà scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof, djoùadji lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, ebw`ltees, nja ad}eoql}s nja qced} nhhd`dnqes, yd`` qlieqce} clà nww}ldbnqe`t % lh qce xlqdji wlye} lh lu}

luqsqnjadji onwdqn` sqlof hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Meonuse lh qce qej"ql"lje xlqdji }nqdl meqyeej lu} O`nss M nja O`nss N olbblj sqlof, qce clàe}s lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof

ol`èoqdxe`t yd`` oljqdjue ql oljq}l` n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh lu} olbblj sqlof nja qce}ehl}e me nmè ql oljq}l` n`` bnqqe}s sumbdqqea ql lu} sqlofclàe}s hl} nww}lxn` sl `lji

ns qce scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq nq ènsq 4*>% lh n`` luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof* Qcds oljoejq}nqea oljq}l` yd`` `dbdq tlu} nmd`dqt ql djhùejoe

ol}wl}nqe bnqqe}s hl} qce hl}eseenmè huqu}e*

Huqu}e q}njshe}s mt clàe}s lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof yd`` ieje}n``t }esu`q dj qclse scn}es oljxe}qdji ql O`nss N olbblj sqlof, sumkeoq ql `dbdqea eoewqdljs, suoc ns oe}qndj q}njshe}sehheoqea hl} esqnqe w`njjdji wu}wlses* Qce oljxe}sdlj lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql O`nss N olbblj sqlof yd`` cnxe qce ehheoq, lxe} qdbe, lh djo}ensdji qce }e`nqdxe xlqdji wlye} lh qclse cl àe}s

lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ycl }eqndj qced} scn}es dj qce `lji qe}b* Dh, hl} enbwè, B}* [uofe}me}i }eqndjs n sdijdhdonjq wl}qdlj lh cds clàdjis lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof hl} nj eqejaea we}dla lh

qdbe, ce oluà, dj qce huqu}e, oljqdjue ql oljq}l` n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof* Hl} n aeso}dwqdlj lh qce aun` o`nss sq}uoqu}e,

see ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn` _qlof‑Njqd"Qnfelxe} W}lxdsdljs*‒

Ye cnxe eèoqea ql qnfe naxnjqnie lh qce ‐oljq}l`èa olbwnjt‒ eebwqdlj ql qce ol}wl}nqe ilxe}jnjoe }uès hl} wum`do`t"`dsqea olbwnjdes*

Meonuse ye ~un`dht ns n ‐oljq}l`èa olbwnjt‒ ujae} qce ol}wl}nqe ilxe}jnjoe }uès hl} wum`do`t"`dsqea olbwnjdes, ye n}e jlq }e~ud}ea ql cnxe n bnkl}dqt lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s me

djaewejaejq, jl} n}e ye }e~ud}ea ql cnxe n olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee l} nj djaewejaejq jlbdjnqdji hujoqdlj* Dj `dicq lh lu} sqnqus ns n oljq}l`èa olbwnjt, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s cns aeqe}bdjea

jlq ql cnxe nj djaewejaejq jlbdjnqdji hujoqdlj nja cns oclsej ql cnxe qce hu`` mln}a lh ad}eoql}s me ad}eoq`t }eswljsdmè hl} jlbdjnqdji bebme}s lh lu} mln}a, nja dj qce huqu}e ye oluà eèoq

jlq ql cnxe n bnkl}dqt lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s me djaewejaejq l } jlq ql cnxe n olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee* Lu} sqnqus ns n oljq}l`èa olbwnjt oluà onuse lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ql `llf èss

nqq}noqdxe ql oe}qndj djxesql}s l} lqce}ydse cn}b lu} q}nadji w}doe*

Ae`nyn}e `ny nja w}lxdsdljs dj lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja mt`nys qcnq yd`` me dj ehheoq nq qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji oluà bnfe n be}ie}, qejae} lhhe}, l}

w}lt oljqesq adhhdou`q, qce}emt aew}essdji qce q}nadji w}doe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof*

Hl``lydji qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, lu} sqnqus ns n Ae`nyn}e ol}wl}nqdlj nja qce njqd"qnfelxe} w}lxdsdljs lh qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny bnt adsolu}nie,

ae`nt, l} w}exejq n ocnjie dj oljq}l` mt w}lcdmdqdji us h}lb ejinidji dj n musdjess olbmdjnqdlj ydqc nj djqe}esqea sqlofclàe} hl} n we}dla lh qc}ee ten}s nhqe} qce we}slj meolbes nj djqe}esqea

sqlofclàe}, exej dh n ocnjie lh oljq}l` yluà me mejehdodn` ql lu} edsqdji sqlofclàe}s* Dj naadqdlj, lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja mt`nys qcnq yd`` me dj ehheoq nq qce o`lsdji lh lu}

djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji yd`` oljqndj w}lxdsdljs qcnq bnt bnfe qce no~udsdqdlj lh lu} olbwnjt bl}e adhhdou`q, djoùadji qce hl``lydji;

• njt q}njsnoqdlj qcnq yluà }esu`q dj n ocnjie dj oljq}l` lh lu} olbwnjt yd`` }e~ud}e qce nww}lxn` lh n bnkl}dqt lh lu} luqsqnjadji O`nss M olbblj sqlof xlqdji ns n sewn}nqe

o`nss6

• ye cnxe n aun` o`nss olbblj sqlof sq}uoqu}e, ycdoc w}lxdaes B}* [uofe}me}i ydqc qce nmd`dqt ql oljq}l` qce luqolbe lh bnqqe}s }e~ud}dji sqlofclàe} nww}lxn`, exej dh ce lyjs

sdijdhdonjq`t èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce scn}es lh lu} luqsqnjadji O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof6

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• ycej qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh olbblj sqlof, oe}qndj nbejabejqs ql lu} }esqnqea

oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj l} mt`nys yd`` }e~ud}e qce nww}lxn` lh qyl"qcd}as lh qce olbmdjea xlqe lh lu} qcej"luqsqnjadji scn}es lh O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof6

• ycej qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh lu} olbblj sqlof, xnonjodes lj lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s

yd`` me nmè ql me hd`èa lj`t mt lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nja jlq mt sqlofclàe}s6

• ycej qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh lu} olbblj sqlof, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s yd`` me

o`nssdhdea djql qc}ee o`nsses lh ad}eoql}s ydqc sqniie}ea qc}ee"ten} qe}bs nja ad}eoql}s yd`` lj`t me nmè ql me }eblxea h}lb lhhdoe hl} onuse6

• ycej qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh lu} olbblj sqlof, lu} sqlofclàe}s yd`` lj`t me nmè ql

qnfe noqdlj nq n beeqdji lh sqlofclàe}s nja jlq mt y}dqqej oljsejq6

• lj`t lu} ocnd}bnj, lu} ocdeh eeouqdxe lhhdoe}, lu} w}esdaejq, l} n bnkl}dqt lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s yd`` me nuqcl}d{ea ql on`` n sweodn` beeqdji lh sqlofclàe}s6

• naxnjoe jlqdoe w}loeau}es yd`` nww`t hl} sqlofclàe}s ql jlbdjnqe onjadanqes hl} eèoqdlj ns ad}eoql}s l} ql m}dji bnqqe}s mehl}e nj njjun` beeqdji lh sqlofclàe}s6

• lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj yd`` nuqcl}d{e ujaesdijnqea w}ehe}}ea sqlof, qce qe}bs lh ycdoc bnt me esqnm`dscea, nja scn}es lh ycdoc bnt me dssuea, ydqcluq

sqlofclàe} nww}lxn`6 nja

• oe}qndj `dqdinqdlj nindjsq us onj lj`t me m}luicq dj Ae`nyn}e*

Hl} djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji qcese nja lqce} w}lxdsdljs, see ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn` _qlof‑Njqd"Qnfelxe} W}lxdsdljs*‒

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

_WEODN@ JLQE ]EIN]ADJI HL]YN]A"@LLFDJI _QNQEBEJQ_

Qcds w}lsweoqus oljqndjs hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs* N`` sqnqebejqs oljqndjea dj qcds w}lsweoqus lqce} qcnj sqnqebejqs lh cdsql}don` hnoq, djoùadji sqnqebejqs }ein}adji lu} huqu}e }esu`qs

lh lwe}nqdljs nja hdjnjodn` wlsdqdlj, lu} musdjess sq}nqeit nja w`njs, nja lu} lmkeoqdxes hl} huqu}e lwe}nqdljs, n}e hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs* Qce yl}as ‐me`dexe,‒ ‐bnt,‒ ‐yd``,‒ ‐esqdbnqe,‒

‐oljqdjue,‒ ‐njqdodwnqe,‒ ‐djqeja,‒ ‐eweoq,‒ nja sdbd`n} ew}essdljs n}e djqejaea ql daejqdht hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs* Ye cnxe mnsea qcese hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs `n}ie`t lj lu} ou}}ejq

eweoqnqdljs nja w}lkeoqdljs nmluq huqu}e exejqs nja q}ejas qcnq ye me`dexe bnt nhheoq lu} hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj, }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs, musdjess sq}nqeit, scl}q"qe}b nja `lji"qe}b musdjess

lwe}nqdljs nja lmkeoqdxes, nja hdjnjodn` jeeas* Qcese hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs n}e sumkeoq ql n jubme} lh }dsfs, ujoe}qndjqdes nja nssubwqdljs, djoùadji qclse aeso}dmea dj qce ‐]dsf Hnoql}s‒

seoqdlj* Bl}elxe}, ye lwe}nqe dj n xe}t olbweqdqdxe nja }nwda`t ocnjidji ejxd}ljbejq* Jey }dsfs ebe}ie h}lb qdbe ql qdbe* Dq ds jlq wlssdmè hl} lu} bnjniebejq ql w}eadoq n`` }dsfs, jl} onj ye

nssess qce dbwnoq lh n`` hnoql}s lj lu} musdjess l} qce eqejq ql ycdoc njt hnoql}, l} olbmdjnqdlj lh hnoql}s, bnt onuse noqun` }esu`qs ql adhhe} bnqe}dn``t h}lb qclse oljqndjea dj njt hl}yn}a"

`llfdji sqnqebejqs ye bnt bnfe* Dj `dicq lh qcese }dsfs, ujoe}qndjqdes nja nssubwqdljs, qce huqu}e exejqs nja q}ejas adsoussea dj qcds w}lsweoqus bnt jlq loou} nja noqun` }esu`qs oluà adhhe}

bnqe}dn``t nja naxe}se`t h}lb qclse njqdodwnqea l} dbw`dea dj qce hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs*

Tlu scluà jlq }e`t uwlj hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs ns w}eadoqdljs lh huqu}e exejqs* Qce exejqs nja od}oubsqnjoes }ehèoqea dj qce hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs bnt jlq me nocdexea l}

loou}* N`qcluic ye me`dexe qcnq qce eweoqnqdljs }ehèoqea dj qce hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs n}e }ensljnmè, ye onjjlq iun}njqee huqu}e }esu`qs, èxe`s lh noqdxdqt, we}hl}bnjoe, l} nocdexebejqs*

Ye n}e ujae} jl auqt ql uwanqe njt lh qcese hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus l} ql oljhl}b qcese sqnqebejqs ql noqun` }esu`qs l} }exdsea eweoqnqdljs*

DJAU_Q]T ANQN NJA U_E] BEQ]DO_

Qcds w}lsweoqus oljqndjs esqdbnqes nja djhl}bnqdlj oljoe}jdji lu} djausq}t, djoùadji bn}feq wlsdqdlj, bn}feq sd{e, nja i}lyqc }nqes lh qce bn}feqs dj ycdoc ye wn}qdodwnqe, qcnq n}e

mnsea lj djausq}t wum`donqdljs nja }ewl}qs* Qcds djhl}bnqdlj djxl`xes n jubme} lh nssubwqdljs nja `dbdqnqdljs, nja tlu n}e onuqdljea jlq ql idxe ujaue yedicq ql qcese esqdbnqes* Ye cnxe jlq

djaewejaejq`t xe}dhdea qce noou}not l} olbwèqejess lh qce anqn oljqndjea dj qcese djausq}t wum`donqdljs nja }ewl}qs* Qce djausq}t dj ycdoc ye lwe}nqe ds sumkeoq ql n cdic aei}ee lh ujoe}qndjqt

nja }dsf aue ql xn}deqt lh hnoql}s, djoùadji qclse aeso}dmea dj qce ‐]dsf Hnoql}s‒ seoqdlj* Qcese nja lqce} hnoql}s oluà onuse }esu`qs ql adhhe} bnqe}dn``t h}lb qclse ew}essea dj qcese

wum`donqdljs nja }ewl}qs*

Qce jubme}s lh bljqc`t noqdxe use}s #BNUs$ nja and`t noqdxe use}s #ANUs$ w}esejqea dj qcds w}lsweoqus n}e mnsea lj djqe}jn` olbwnjt anqn nja ye use qcese jubme}s dj bnjnidji lu}

musdjess* Ye me`dexe qcnq lu} BNU nja ANU jubme}s n}e }ensljnmè esqdbnqes, nja ye qnfe bensu}es ql dbw}lxe qced} noou}not, suoc ns e`dbdjnqdji fjlyj hdoqdqdlus l} auw`donqe noolujqs*

Qce}e n}e djce}ejq ocn`èjies dj bensu}dji usnie no}lss `n}ie lj`dje nja blmdè wlwu`nqdljs n}luja qce yl}à* Hl} enbwè, qce}e bnt me djadxdaun`s ycl cnxe bu`qdwè Hnoemllf noolujqs dj

xdl`nqdlj lh lu} qe}bs lh se}xdoe, aeswdqe lu} ehhl}qs ql aeqeoq nja suww}ess suoc mecnxdl}* Ns njlqce} enbwè, nww`donqdljs lj oe}qndj blmdè aexdoes bnt nuqlbnqdon``t oljqnoq lu} se}xe}s hl}

}eiu`n} uwanqes ydqc jl use} noqdlj djxl`xea, nja qcds noqdxdqt bnt onuse lu} stsqeb ql olujq qce use} nsslodnqea ydqc suoc n aexdoe ns nj noqdxe use} l h Hnoemllf* Ye esqdbnqe qcnq èss qcnj 5%

lh lu} esqdbnqe lh yl}àydae ANUs ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> oluà cnxe }esu`qea h}lb qcds qtwe lh nuqlbnqdo blmdè noqdxdqt nja qcnq qcds qtwe lh noqdxdqt cna nj exej sbn`è} ehheoq lj lu}

esqdbnqe lh yl}àydae BNUs* Qce dbwnoq lh qcds nuqlbnqdo noqdxdqt lj lu} beq}dos bnt xn}t mt ieli}nwct, ns blmdè usnie xn}des dj adhhe}ejq }eidljs lh qce yl}à* Dj naadqdlj, lu} anqn

}ein}adji qce ieli}nwcdo `lonqdlj lh lu} use}s ds mnsea lj n jubme} lh hnoql}s, suoc ns DW naa}ess, ycdoc bnt jlq n`ynts noou}nqe`t }ehèoq use} `lonqdlj* Ye }eiu`n}`t }exdey nja bnt nakusq lu}

w}loesses hl} onòu`nqdji qcese beq}dos ql dbw}lxe qced} noou}not* Dj naadqdlj, lu} BNU nja ANU esqdbnqes yd`` adhhe} h}lb esqdbnqes wum`dscea mt qcd}a wn}qdes aue ql adhhe}ejoes dj

beqclal`lit* Hl} enbwè, slbe qcd}a wn}qdes al jlq olujq blmdè use}s*

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

U_E LH W]LOEEA_

Ye esqdbnqe qcnq lu} jeq w}loeeas h}lb qce sn e lh qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof qcnq ye n}e lhhe}dji yd`` me nww}ldbnqe`t ! md``dlj, l} nww}ldbnqe`t ! md``dlj dh qce ujae}y}dqe}s

ee}odse dj hu`` qced} }dicq ql wu}ocnse naadqdljn` scn}es ql olxe} lxe}"n``lqbejqs, nssubdji nj djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh ! we} scn}e, ycdoc ds qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce

olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, nja nhqe} aeauoqdji esqdbnqea ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs nja esqdbnqea lhhe}dji ewejses wntnmè mt us* N !>*77 djo}ense #aeo}ense$ dj qce nssubea

djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh ! we} scn}e yluà djo}ense #aeo}ense$ qce jeq w}loeeas ql us h}lb lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji mt ! bd``dlj, nssubdji qce jubme} lh scn}es lhhe}ea mt us, ns

seq hl}qc lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, }ebndjs qce snbe, nhqe} aeauoqdji esqdbnqea ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs*

Qce w}djodwn` wu}wlses lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji n}e ql o}enqe n wum`do bn}feq hl} lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja qce}emt ejnmè huqu}e nooess ql qce wum`do e~udqt bn}feqs mt us nja

lu} ebw`ltees, lmqndj naadqdljn` onwdqn`, nja hnod`dqnqe nj l}ae}`t adsq}dmuqdlj lh scn}es hl} qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s* Ye djqeja ql use qce jeq w}loeeas ql us h}lb lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji hl}

yl}fdji onwdqn` nja lqce} ieje}n` ol}wl}nqe wu}wlses6 clyexe}, ye al jlq ou}}ejq`t cnxe njt sweodhdo uses lh qce jeq w}loeeas w`njjea* Ye bnt use n wl}qdlj lh qce jeq w}loeeas ql us ql snqdsht nwl}qdlj lh qce njqdodwnqea qn ydqcclàdji nja }ebdqqnjoe lm`dinqdljs }e`nqea ql qce djdqdn` seqqèbejq lh lu} luqsqnjadji ]_Us, ycdoc yd`` meolbe aue nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs hl``lydji qce

olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Naadqdljn``t, ye bnt use n wl}qdlj lh qce w}loeeas ql us hl} no~udsdqdljs lh olbwèbejqn}t musdjesses, qeocjl`lides, l} lqce} nsseqs* Clyexe}, ye cnxe

jl olbbdqbejqs ydqc }esweoq ql njt suoc no~udsdqdljs l} djxesqbejqs nq qcds qdbe*

Wejadji lqce} uses, ye djqeja ql djxesq qce w}loeeas ql us dj djxesqbejq"i}nae, djqe}esq"men}dji seou}dqdes suoc ns bljet bn}feq hujas, oe}qdhdonqes lh aewlsdq, l} ad}eoq l} iun}njqeea

lm`dinqdljs lh qce U*_* ilxe}jbejq, l} cl à ns onsc* Ye onjjlq w}eadoq yceqce} qce w}loeeas djxesqea yd`` tdeà n hnxl}nmè }equ}j* Lu} bnjniebejq yd`` cnxe m}lna adso}eqdlj dj qce nww`donqdlj

lh qce jeq w}loeeas ye }eoedxe h}lb lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, nja djxesql}s yd`` me }e`tdji lj qce kuaibejq lh lu} bnjniebejq }ein}adji qce nww`donqdlj lh qce jeq w}loeeas*

Ye yd`` jlq }eoedxe njt w}loeeas h}lb qce snè lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof mt qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s* Bn}f [uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, yd`` lhhe} nja se``

scn}es dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Ye eweoq qcnq sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh qce jeq w}loeeas B}* [uofe}me}i yd`` }eoedxe uwlj suoc snè yd`` me usea ql snqdsht qnes qcnq ce yd`` djou} uwlj cds

ee}odse lh nj luqsqnjadji sqlof lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse >=7,777,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof*

ADXDAEJA WL@DOT

Ye cnxe jexe} aeo`n}ea l} wnda onsc adxdaejas lj lu} onwdqn` sqlof* Ye ou}}ejq`t djqeja ql }eqndj njt huqu}e en}jdjis hl} use dj qce lwe}nqdlj lh lu} musdjess nja al jlq djqeja ql aeo`n}e

l} wnt njt onsc adxdaejas dj qce hl}eseenmè huqu}e* Njt hu}qce} aeqe}bdjnqdlj ql wnt adxdaejas lj lu} onwdqn` sqlof yd`` me nq qce adso}eqdlj lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, sumkeoq ql nww`donmè `nys,

nja yd`` aeweja lj lu} hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj, }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs, onwdqn` }e~ud}ebejqs, ieje}n` musdjess oljadqdljs, nja lqce} hnoql}s qcnq lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s oljsdae}s }eèxnjq* Dj naadqdlj, qce

qe}bs lh lu} o}eadq hnod`dqt oljqndj }esq}doqdljs lj lu} nmd`dqt ql wnt adxdaejas*

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

ONWDQN@D[NQDLJ

Qce hl``lydji qnmè seqs hl}qc lu} onsc, onsc e~udxnèjqs, nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes nja onwdqn`d{nqdlj ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>;

• lj nj noqun` mnsds6

• lj n w}l hl}bn mnsds ql idxe ehheoq ql #d$ qce nuqlbnqdo oljxe}sdlj lh n`` lh lu} lu qsqnjadji scn}es oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof djql O`nss M olbblj sqlof, #dd$ qce nbejabejq nja

}esqnqebejq lh lu} oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, nja #ddd$ n scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lh nww}ldbnqe`t !8?4 bd``dlj, jeq lh

djolbe qnes, nsslodnqea ydqc }esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs #]_Us$ i}njqea w}dl} ql Knjun}t >, =7>> #W}e"=7>> ]_Us$ hl} ycdoc qce se}xdoe oljadqdlj yns snqdshdea ns lh Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>>, nja ycdoc ye eweoq ql }eol}a uwlj olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ns aeso}dmea dj hll qjlqe #>$ me`ly6 nja

• lj n w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea mnsds ql idxe hu}qce} ehheoq ql #d$ qce dssunjoe nja snè mt us lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, nja qce }eoedwq lh qce jeq w}loeeas h}lb lu} snè lh qcese scn}es nq nj nssubea djdqdn wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof lh ! we} scn}e, qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce

olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, nhqe} aeauoqdji esqdbnqea ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs nja esqdbnqea lhhe}dji ewejses wntnmè mt us, nja #dd$ qce ee}odse mt Bn}f

[uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, lh nj luqsqnjadji sqlof lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse >=7,777,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof nja qce nuqlbnqdo oljxe}sdlj lh

lh qclse scn}es djql nj e~un` jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof uwlj qced} snè dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Qce w}l hl}bn nja w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea djhl}bnqdlj me`ly ds d`ùsq}nqdxe lj`t, nja onsc, onsc e~udxnèjqs, nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes, naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn`, }eqndjea en}jdjis, qlqn`

sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt, nja qlqn` onwdqn`d{nqdlj hl``lydji qce olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji yd`` me nakusqea mnsea lj qce noqun` djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe nja lqce} qe}bs lh lu} djdqdn`

wum`do lhhe}dji aeqe}bdjea nq w}dodji* Tlu scluà }ena qcds qnmè dj oljkujoqdlj ydqc qce seoqdljs ejqdqèa ‐Bnjniebejq—s Adsoussdlj nja Njn`tsds lh Hdjnjodn` Oljadqdlj nja ]esu`qs lh

Lwe}nqdljs‒ nja ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn` _qlof‒ nja lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs nja }e`nqea jlqes djoùaea e`seyce}e dj qcds w}lsweoqus*

?5


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>

Noqun` W}l Hl}bn

W}l Hl}bn

Ns Nakusqea

#dj bd``dljs, eoewq scn}e nja we} scn}e anqn$

Onsc, onsc e~udxnèjqs, nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes !?,473 ! ?,473 !

_qlofclàe}s— e~udqt;

Oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof, !7*777778 wn} xnùe6 584,77>,177 scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, 51?,?88,>>7 scn}es dssuea nja

luqsqnjadji noqun`6 jl scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, dssuea nja luqsqnjadji, w}l hl}bn nja w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea ! 8>5 ! ‑ !

W}ehe}}ea sqlof, !7*777778 wn} xnùe6 jl scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, dssuea nja luqsqnjadji, noqun`6 scn}es

nuqcl}d{ea, jl scn}es dssuea nja luqsqnjadji, w}l hl}bn nja w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea ‑ ‑

O`nss N olbblj sqlof, !7*777778 wn} xnùe6 1,>1>,777,777 scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, >>9,749,>1? scn}es dssuea njaluqsqnjadji, noqun`6 scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, >>9,749,>1? scn}es dssuea nja luqsqnjadji, w}l hl}bn6

scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, scn}es dssuea nja luqsqnjadji, w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea ‑ ‑

O`nss M olbblj sqlof, !7*777778 wn} xnùe6 1,>1>,777,777 scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, >,=>?,?57,444 scn}es dssuea nja

luqsqnjadji, noqun`6 scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, >,953,47=,?47 scn}es dssuea nja luqsqnjadji, w}l hl}bn6

scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, scn}es dssuea nja luqsqnjadji, w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea ‑ ‑

Naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn` =,831 1,=89

Nooubu`nqea lqce} olbw}ecejsdxe lss #8$ #8$

]eqndjea en}jdjis >,878 489

Qlqn` sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt 1,344 5,==3

Qlqn` onwdqn`d{nqdlj !1,344 ! 5,==3 !

#>$ Qce w}l hl}bn anqn ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> w}esejqs lu} onsc, onsc e~udxnèjqs, nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes, qlqn` sqlofcl ae}s— e~udqt, nja qlqn` onwdqn`d{nqdlj, nja idxes ehheoq ql n scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lh nww}ldbnqe`t !483 bd``dlj

nsslodnqea ydqc W}e"=7>> ]_Us, hl} ycdoc qce se}xdoe oljadqdlj yns olbwèqea ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> nja ycdoc ye eweoq ql }eol}a uwlj olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ns hu}qce} aeso}dmea dj ‐Bnjniebejq—s Adsoussdlj nja

Njn`tsds lh Hdjnjodn` Oljadqdlj nja ]esu`qs lh Lwe}nqdljs‑O}dqdon` Noolujqdji Wl`dodes nja Esqdbnqes‑_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj*‒ Qce w}l hl}bn nakusqbejq }e`nqea ql scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lh nww}ldbnqe`t !483 bd``dlj cns

meej }ehèoqea ns nj djo}ense ql naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn` nja qce nsslodnqea qn ehheoq lh !?=4 bd``dlj cns meej jeqqea nindjsq qcds ocn}ie, }esu`qdji dj n jeq }eauoqdlj lh !8?4 bd``dlj ql }eqndjea en}jdjis* Qce djolbe qn ehheoqs cnxe meej

}ehèoqea ns nj djo}ense ql aehe}}ea qn nsseqs djoùaea dj w}ewnda ewejses nja lqce} ou}}ejq nsseqs, ql }ehèoq qce njqdodwnqea huqu}e qn mejehdqs uwlj seqqèbejq lh qcese ]_Us*

#=$ N !>*77 djo}ense #aeo}ense$ dj qce nssubea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh ! we} scn}e yluà djo}ense #aeo}ense$ enoc lh onsc, onsc e~udxnèjqs, nja bn}feqnm e seou}dqdes, naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn`, qlqn` sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt, nja qlqn`

onwdqn`d{nqdlj mt ! bd``dlj, nssubdji qcnq qce jubme} lh scn}es lhhe}ea mt us, ns seq hl}qc lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, }ebndjs qce snbe, nja nhqe} aeauoqdji qce esqdbnqea ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs* Dh qce ujae}y}dqe}s—

lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse naadqdljn` scn}es ql olxe} lxe}"n``lqbejqs ds ee}odsea dj hu``, qce w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea nblujq lh enoc lh onsc, onsc e~udxnèjqs, nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes, naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn`, qlqn` sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt, nja qlqnònwdqn`d{nqdlj yluà djo}ense mt nww}ldbnqe`t ! bd``dlj, nhqe} aeauoqdji esqdbnqea ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs, nja ye yluà cnxe scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof

dssuea nja luqsqnjadji, w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea*

#?$ Qce w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea djhl}bnqdlj adsoussea nmlxe ds d`ùsq}nqdxe lj`t nja yd`` me nakusqea mnsea lj qce noqun` djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe nja lqce} qe}bs lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji aeqe}bdjea nq w}dodji*

?8

#>$ #=$#?$


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Qce qnmè nmlxe eoùaes qce hl``lydji scn}es;

• >?3,5?4,1?1 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof dssunmè uwlj qce ee}odse lh lwqdljs luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj, ydqc n yedicqea"nxe}nie

ee}odse w}doe lh nww}ldbnqe`t !7*3? we} scn}e6



• 99,>35,777 scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof }ese}xea hl} huqu}e dssunjoe ujae} lu} e~udqt olbwejsnqdlj w`njs, oljsdsqdji lh =5,777,777 scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof }ese}xea hl}

dssunjoe ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj, nja 5=,>35,777 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ese}xea hl} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj* Lj qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus,

njt }ebndjdji scn}es nxnd`nmè hl} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj yd`` me naaea ql qce scn}es ql me }ese}xea ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj nja ye yd`` oense i}njqdjinyn}as ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj* Lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj n`sl w}lxdaes hl} nuqlbnqdo njjun` djo}enses dj qce jubme} lh scn}es }ese}xea qce}eujae}, ns bl}e hu``t

aeso}dmea dj ‐Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj‑Ebw`ltee Mejehdq W`njs*‒

?9


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

AD@UQDLJ

Dh tlu djxesq dj lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof, tlu} djqe}esq yd`` me adùqea ql qce eqejq lh qce a dhhe}ejoe meqyeej qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe we} scn}e lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja

qce w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe we} scn}e lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof dbbeadnqe`t nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Lu} w}l hl}bn jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> yns ! md``dlj, l} ! we} scn}e lh olbblj sqlof* Lu} w}l hl}bn jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe we} scn}e }ew}esejqs qce

nblujq lh lu} qlqn` qnjidmè nsseqs }eauoea mt qce nblujq lh lu} qlqn` `dnmd`dqdes nja adxdaea mt qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nhqe} idxdji

ehheoq ql qce nuqlbnqdo oljxe}sdlj lh n`` luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof djql O`nss M olbblj sqlof dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Nhqe} idxdji ehheoq ql #>$ lu} sn e dj lu} djdqdn wum`do lhhe}dji lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof nq nj nssubea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof lh

! we} scn}e, qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, nhqe} aeauoqdji esqdbnqea ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs nja esqdbnqea lhhe}dji ewejses wntnmèmt us nja #=$ qce ee}odse mt Bn}f [uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, lh nj luqsqnjadji sqlof lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse >=7,777,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof, lu} w}l hl}bn ns

nakusqea jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> yluà cnxe meej nww}ldbnqe`t ! md``dlj, l} ! we} scn}e lh olbblj sqlof* Qcds }ew}esejqs nj dbbeadnqe djo}ense dj w}l

hl}bn ns nakusqea jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe lh ! we} scn}e ql lu} edsqdji sqlofclàe}s nja nj dbbeadnqe adùqdlj lh ! we} scn}e ql djxesql}s wu}ocnsdji scn}es dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do

lhhe}dji*

Qce hl``lydji qnmè d`ùsq}nqes qcds we} scn}e adùqdlj*

Nssubea djdqdn` lhhe}dji w}doe we} scn}e !

W}l hl}bn jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe we} scn}e ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> !

Djo}ense dj w}l hl}bn jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe we} scn}e nqq}dmuqnmè ql djxesql}s wu}ocnsdji scn}es dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji

W}l hl}bn ns nakusqea jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe we} scn}e nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji

Adùqdlj dj w}l hl}bn jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe we} scn}e ql djxesql}s dj qcds lhhe}dji !

N !>*77 djo}ense #aeo}ense$ dj qce nssubea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh ! we} scn}e yluà djo}ense #aeo}ense$ lu} w}l hl}bn ns nakusqea jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe we} scn}e nhqe} lu}

djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji mt ! , nssubdji qcnq qce jubme} lh scn}es lhhe}ea mt us, ns seq hl}qc lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, }ebndjs qce snbe, nja nhqe} aeauoqdji qce esqdbnqea

ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs wntnmè mt us*

Dh qce ujae}y}dqe}s— lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse naadqdljn` scn}es ql olxe} lxe}"n``lqbejqs ds ee}odsea dj hu``, qce w}l hl}bn jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe we} scn}e nhqe} idxdji ehheoq ql lu} djdqdn` wum`dolhhe}dji yluà me nww}ldbnqe`t ! we} scn}e, nja qce adùqdlj dj w}l hl}bn jeq qnjidmè mllf xnùe we} scn}e ql djxesql}s dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji yluà me nww}ldbnqe`t ! we}

scn}e*

?3


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Qce hl``lydji qnmè subbn}d{es, ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, qce adhhe}ejoes meqyeej qce jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof wu}ocnsea h}lb us, nhqe} idxdji ehheoq ql qce oljxe}sdlj lh

lu} oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof djql O`nss M olbblj sqlof, qce qlqn` onsc oljsdae}nqdlj wnda, nja qce nxe}nie w}doe we} scn}e wnda mt lu} edsqdji sqlofcl ae}s nja mt lu} jey djxesql}s

wu}ocnsdji scn}es dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji nq qce nssubea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof lh ! we} scn}e, qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce olxe} wnie lh

qcds w}lsweoqus, mehl}e aeauoqdji esqdbnqea ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs nja esqdbnqea lhhe}dji ewejses wntnmè mt us;

_cn}es Wu}ocnsea Qlqn` Oljsdae}nqdlj Nxe}nie

W}doe We}

_cn}e Jubme} We}oejq Nblujq We}oejq

Edsqdji sqlofclàe}s % % !

Jey djxesql}s

Qlqn` >77% ! >77%

N !>*77 djo}ense #aeo}ense$ dj qce nssubea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh ! we} scn}e yluà djo}ense #aeo}ense$ qlqn` oljsdae}nqdlj wnda mt jey djxesql}s mt ! bd``dlj, nssubdji

qcnq qce jubme} lh scn}es lhhe}ea mt us, ns seq hl}qc lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, }ebndjs qce snbe, nja nhqe} aeauoqdji esqdbnqea ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs wntnmè mt us*

_nès lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof mt qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji yd`` }eauoe qce jubme} lh scn}es lh olbblj sqlof ceà mt edsqdji sqlofclàe}s ql

, l} nww}ldbnqe`t % lh qce qlqn` scn}es lh olbblj sqlof luqsqnjadji nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, nja yd`` djo}ense qce jubme} lh scn}es ceà mt jey djxesql}s ql , l}

nww}ldbnqe`t % lh qce qlqn` scn}es lh olbblj sqlof luqsqnjadji nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Dh qce ujae}y}dqe}s— lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse naadqdljn` scn}es ql olxe} lxe}"n``lqbejqs ds ee}odsea dj hu``, lu} edsqdji sqlofclàe}s yluà lyj % nja lu} jey djxesql}s yluà lyj % lh

qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof luqsqnjadji nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Qce nmlxe qnmè nja adsoussdlj n}e mnsea lj >>9,749,>1? scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja >,953,47=,?47 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>>, ns ye`` ns qce ee}odse mt Bn}f [uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, lh nj luqsqnjadji sqlof lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse >=7,777,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof, nja eoùae;

• >?3,5?4,1?1 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof dssunmè uwlj qce ee}odse lh lwqdljs luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj, ydqc n yedicqea"nxe}nie

ee}odse w}doe lh nww}ldbnqe`t !7*3? we} scn}e6



• 99,>35,777 scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof }ese}xea hl} huqu}e dssunjoe ujae} lu} e~udqt olbwejsnqdlj w`njs, oljsdsqdji lh =5,777,777 scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof }ese}xea hl}

dssunjoe ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj, nja 5=,>35,777 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ese}xea hl} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj* Lj qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus,

njt }ebndjdji scn}es nxnd`nmè hl} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj yd`` me naaea ql qce scn}es ql me }ese}xea ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj nja ye yd`` oense i}njqdji

nyn}as ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj* Lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj n`sl w}lxdaes hl} nuqlbnqdo njjun` djo}enses dj qce jubme} lh scn}es }ese}xea qce}eujae}, ns bl}e hu``t

aeso}dmea dj ‐Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj‑Ebw`ltee Mejehdq W`njs*‒

Ql qce eqejq qcnq njt luqsqnjadji lwqdljs n}e ee}odsea l} ]_Us n}e seqqèa, qce}e yd`` me hu}qce} adùqdlj ql jey djxesql}s*

?4


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

_E@EOQEA OLJ_L@DANQEA HDJNJODN@ ANQN

Qce oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe anqn hl} enoc lh qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7 , nja =7>> nja qce oljsl`danqea mn`njoe sceeqs anqn ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>>

n}e ae}dxea h}lb lu} nuadqea oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs qcnq n}e djoùaea e`seyce}e dj qcds w}lsweoqus* Qce oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh lwe}nqdljs anqn hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>,

=779 nja =773 nja qce oljsl`danqea mn`njoe sceeqs anqn ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =779, =773, nja =774 n}e ae}dxea h}lb nuadqea oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs qcnq n}e jlq djoùaea dj qcds

w}lsweoqus*

Tlu scluà }ena qcds djhl}bnqdlj qlieqce} ydqc ‐Bnjniebejq—s Adsoussdlj nja Njn`tsds lh Hdjnjodn` Oljadqdlj nja ]esu`qs lh Lwe}nqdljs‒ nja lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs nja

qce }e`nqea jlqes djoùaea e`seyce}e dj qcds w}lsweoqus*

Ten} Ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =779 =773 =774 =7>7 =7>>

#dj bd``dljs, eoewq we} scn}e anqn$

Oljsl`danqea _qnqebejqs lh Lwe}nqdljs Anqn;

]exejue ! >5? ! =9= ! 999 !>,491 !?,9>>

Olsqs nja ewejses ;

Olsq lh }exejue 1> >=1 ==? 14? 387

Bn}feqdji nja snès ?= 98 >>5 >31 1=9

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq 3> 19 39 >11 ?33

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe >=? 37 47 >=> =37

Qlqn` olsqs nja ewejses =99 ?=9 5>5 41= >,455

Djolbe #`lss$ h}lb lwe}nqdljs #>=1$ #55$ =8= >,7?= >,958

Lqce} ewejse, jeq >> > 3 =1 8>

Djolbe #`lss$ mehl}e w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes #>?5$ #58$ =51 >,773 >845

W}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes ? ‑ =5 17= 845

Jeq djolbe #`lss$ ! #>?3$ ! #58$ ! ==4 ! 878 !>,777

Jeq djolbe #`lss$ nqq}dmuqnmè ql O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s ! #>?3$ ! #58$ ! >== ! ?9= ! 883

En}jdjis #`lss$ we} scn}e nqq}dmuqnmè ql O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s ;

Mnsdo !#7*>8$ !#7*78$ !7*>= ! 7*?1 ! 7*5=

Adùqea !#7*>8$ !#7*78$ !7*>7 ! 7*=3 ! 7*18

W}l hl}bn en}jdjis we} scn}e nqq}dmuqnmè ql O nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s ;

Mnsdo ! 7*14

Adùqea ! 7*1?

#>$ Olsqs nja ewejses djoùae scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ns hl `lys;


=779 =773 =774 =7>7 =7>>

#dj bd``dljs$

Olsq lh }exejue ! > ! ‑ ! ‑ ! ‑ ! 4

Bn}feqdji nja snès ? 1 = = 1?

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq 58 9 8 4 >>1

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe >? >4 >4 4 5>

Qlqn` scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ! 9? ! ?7 ! =9 ! =7 ! =>9

#=$ _ee jlqe = lh qce jlqes ql lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs hl} n aeso}dwqdlj lh cly ye olbwuqe mnsdo nja adùqea en}jdjis #`lss$ we} scn}e nqq}dmuqnm e ql O`nss N nja O nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s nja w}l hl}bn mnsdo nja adùqea en}jdjis

we} scn}e nqq}dmuqnmè ql O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s*

17

#>$

#=$

#=$


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>,

=779 =773 =774 =7>7 =7>>

#dj bd``dljs$

Oljsl`danqea Mn`njoe _ceeqs Anqn;

Onsc, onsc e~udxnèjqs, nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes ! ?75 ! =49 ! 8?? !>,935 !?,473

Yl}fdji onwdqn` =57 =94 97? >,359 ?,975

W}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq, jeq 3= >?> >13 591 >,195

Qlqn` nsseqs 113 575 >,>74 =,447 8,??>

Qlqn` dnmd`dqdes >91 >97 =1> 3=3 >,1?=

Qlqn` sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt =9? ??5 383 =,>8= 1,344

H}ee Onsc H`ly

Dj naadqdlj ql lqce} hdjnjodn` bensu}es w}esejqea dj nool}anjoe ydqc U*_* ieje}n``t nooewqea noolujqdji w}djodwès #INNW$, ye bljdql} h}ee onsc h`ly #HOH$ ns n jlj"INNW bensu}e ql

bnjnie lu} musdjess, bnfe w`njjdji aeodsdljs, exnùnqe lu} we}hl}bnjoe, nja n``lonqe }eslu}oes* Ye aehdje HOH ns jeq onsc w}lxdaea mt lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes }eauoea mt wu}ocnses lh w}lwe}qt

nja e~udwbejq nja w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq no~ud}ea ujae} onwdqn` ènses*

Ye me`dexe qcnq HOH ds lje lh qce fet hdjnjodn` djadonql}s lh lu} musdjess we}hl}bnjoe lxe} qce `lji qe}b nja w}lxdaes usehu` djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji yceqce} onsc w}lxdaea mt lwe}nqdji

noqdxdqdes ds suhhdodejq ql huja qce ljildji w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq djxesqbejqs }e~ud}ea ql bndjqndj nja i}ly lu} musdjess* Ye cnxe oclsej ql sumq}noq mlqc wu}ocnses lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq

nja w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq no~ud}ea ujae} onwdqn` ènses dj lu} onòu`nqdlj lh HOH meonuse ye me`dexe qcnq qcese qyl dqebs ol`èoqdxe`t }ew}esejq qce nblujq lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq ye jeea

ql w}lou}e ql suwwl}q lu} musdjess, }ein}aèss lh yceqce} ye hdjnjoe suoc w}lwe}qt l} e~udwbejq ydqc n onwdqn` ènse* Qce bn}feq hl} hdjnjodji se}xe}s nja lqce} qeocjdon` e~udwbejq ds atjnbdo

nja ye eweoq lu} use lh onwdqn` ènses oluà xn}t sdijdhdonjq`t h}lb ten} ql ten}*

Ye cnxe oclsej lu} aehdjdqdlj hl} HOH meonuse ye me`dexe qcnq qcds beqclal`lit onj w}lxdae usehu` suwwèbejqn` djhl}bnqdlj ql ce`w djxesql}s meqqe} ujae}sqnja ujae}`tdji q}ejas dj lu}

musdjess* Ye w}esejq HOH dj qcds aloubejq dj qce snbe bnjje} dq ds scn}ea ydqc lu} sejdl} bnjniebejq nja mln}a lh ad}eoql}s*

HOH cns `dbdqnqdljs ns nj njn`tqdon` qll`, nja tlu scluà jlq oljsdae} dq dj dsl`nqdlj l} ns n sumsqdquqe hl} njn`tsds lh lqce} INNW hdjnjodn` bensu}es, suoc ns jeq onsc w}lxdaea mt

lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes* _lbe lh qce `dbdqnqdljs lh HOH n}e;

• HOH ales jlq }ehèoq lu} huqu}e oljq}noqun` olbbdqbejqs6 nja

• lqce} olbwnjdes dj lu} djausq}t w}esejq sdbd`n}`t qdqèa bensu}es adhhe}ejq`t qcnj ye al, `dbdqdji qced} usehu`jess ns olbwn}nqdxe bensu}es*

Bnjniebejq olbwejsnqes hl} qce djce}ejq `dbdqnqdljs nsslodnqea ydqc usdji qce HOH bensu}e qc}luic adso`lsu}e lh suoc `dbdqnqdljs, w}esejqnqdlj lh lu} hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs dj

nool}anjoe ydqc INNW, nja }eoljod`dnqdlj lh HOH ql qce blsq ad}eoq`t olbwn}nmè INNW bensu}e, jeq onsc w}lxdaea mt lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes, ns w}esejqea me`ly*

Qce hl``lydji ds n }eoljod`dnqdlj lh HOH ql qce blsq olbwn}nmè INNW bensu}e, jeq onsc w}lxdaea mt lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes;


=779 =773 =774 =7>7 =7>>

#dj bd``dljs$

Jeq onsc w}lxdaea mt lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes ! >> ! 3 ! >55 ! 843 !>,514

Wu}ocnses lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq #55$ #97$ #??$ #=4?$ #878$

W}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq no~ud}ea ujae} onwdqn` ènses #>>$ #=8$ #58$ #=>9$ #19?$

H}ee onsc h`ly ! #55$ ! #33$ ! 88 ! >33 ! 197

1>


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

BNJNIEBEJQ—_ AD_OU__DLJ NJA NJN@T_D_ LH HDJNJODN@

OLJADQDLJ NJA ]E_U@Q_ LH LWE]NQDLJ_

Qce hl``lydji adsoussdlj nja njn`tsds lh lu} hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj nja }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs scluà me }ena dj oljkujoqdlj ydqc lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs nja }e`nqea jlqes qcnq

nwwen} dj qcds w}lsweoqus* Dj naadqdlj ql cdsql}don` oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` djhl}bnqdlj, qce hl``lydji adsoussdlj oljqndjs hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs qcnq }ehèoq lu} w`njs, esqdbnqes, nja me`dehs*

Lu} noqun` }esu`qs oluà adhhe} bnqe}dn``t h}lb qclse adsoussea dj qce hl}yn}a"`llfdji sqnqebejqs* Hnoql}s qcnq oluà onuse l} oljq}dmuqe ql qcese adhhe}ejoes djoùae qclse adsoussea me`ly nja

e`seyce}e dj qcds w}lsweoqus, wn}qdou`n}`t dj ‐]dsf Hnoql}s*‒

Lxe}xdey

Lu} bdssdlj ds ql bnfe qce yl}à bl}e lwej nja oljjeoqea* Hnoemllf ejnmès tlu ql ew}ess tlu}se`h nja oljjeoq ydqc qce yl}à n}luja tlu djsqnjq`t nja h}ee`t*

Ye mudà w}lauoqs qcnq suwwl}q lu} bdssdlj mt o}enqdji uqd`dqt hl} use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s;

Use}s* Ye ejnmè welwè ycl use Hnoemllf ql sqnt oljjeoqea ydqc qced} h}dejas nja hnbd`t, ql adsolxe} ycnq ds ildji lj dj qce yl}à n}luja qceb, nja ql scn}e nja ew}ess ycnq bnqqe}s

ql qceb ql qce welwè qcet on}e nmluq*

Aexe`lwe}s* Ye ejnmè aexe`lwe}s ql use qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b ql mudà nww`donqdljs #nwws$ nja yemsdqes qcnq djqei}nqe ydqc Hnoemllf ql }enoc lu} i`lmn` jeqyl}f lh use}s nja ql mudà

w}lauoqs qcnq n}e bl}e we}sljn`d{ea, slodn`, nja ejinidji*

Naxe}qdse}s* Ye ejnmè naxe}qdse}s ql ejinie ydqc bl}e qcnj 377 bd``dlj bljqc`t noqdxe use}s #BNUs$ lj Hnoemllf l} sumseqs lh lu} use}s mnsea lj djhl}bnqdlj qcet cnxe oclsej ql

scn}e ydqc us suoc ns qced} nie, `lonqdlj, iejae}, l} djqe}esqs* Ye lhhe} naxe}qdse}s n ujd~ue olbmdjnqdlj lh }enoc, }eèxnjoe, slodn` oljqeq, nja ejiniebejq ql ejcnjoe qce xnùe lh qced} nas*

Ye ieje}nqe sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh lu} }exejue h}lb naxe}qdsdji nja h}lb hees nsslodnqea ydqc lu} Wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e qcnq ejnmès use}s ql wu}ocnse xd}qun` nja adidqn` illas h}lb lu}

W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s* Hl} qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye }eol}aea }exejue lh !?,9>> bd``dlj, lwe}nqdji djolbe lh !>,958 bd``dlj, nja jeq djolbe lh !>,777 bd``dlj* Ye ye}e

djol}wl}nqea dj Ku`t =771 nja n}e cena~un}qe}ea dj Bej`l Wn}f, On`dhl}jdn*

Cdic`dicqs dj lu} cdsql}t n}e aewdoqea dj qce i}nwcdo lj qce jeq wnie*

1=


>45 ===7>=



Qnm`e lh Oljqejqs

Lu} Cdsql}t

1?


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Q}ejas dj Lu} Use} Beq}dos

• Bljqc`t Noqdxe Use}s #BNUs$* Ye aehdje n bljqc`t noqdxe use} ns n }eidsqe}ea Hnoemllf use} ycl `liiea dj nja xdsdqea Hnoemllf qc}luic lu} yemsdqe l} n blmdè aexdoe, l}

qllf nj noqdlj ql scn}e oljqejq l} noqdxdqt ydqc cds l} ce} Hnoemllf h}dejas l} oljjeoqdljs xdn n qcd}a"wn}qt yemsdqe qcnq ds djqei}nqea ydqc Hnoemllf, dj qce `nsq ?7 ants ns lh qce

anqe lh bensu}ebejq* BNUs n}e n bensu}e lh qce sd{e lh lu} i`lmn` noqdxe use} olbbujdqt, ycdoc cns i}lyj sumsqnjqdn``t dj qce wnsq sexe}n` ten}s*

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cna 315 bd``dlj BNUs, nj djo}ense lh ?4% h}lb Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7* Ye ewe}dejoea i}lyqc no}lss adhhe}ejq ieli}nwcdes, ydqc use}s dj M}n{d` nja

Djadn }ew}esejqdji n fet slu}oe lh i}lyqc* Ye cna >8> bd``dlj BNUs dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nj djo}ense lh >8% h}lb qce w}dl} ten}* Ye cna ?9 bd``dlj

BNUs dj M}n{d` ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nj djo}ense lh =83% h}lb qce w}dl} ten}* Naadqdljn``t, ye cna 18 bd``dlj BNUs dj Djadn ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nj djo}ense lh >?=%

h}lb qce w}dl} ten}*

Jlqe; ]esq lh yl}à djoùaes Nh}don, @nqdj Nbe}don, nja qce Bdaaè Ensq*

Qce}e n}e bl}e qcnj qyl md``dlj i`lmn` Djqe}jeq use}s, nool}adji ql nj djausq}t slu}oe, nja ye ndb ql oljjeoq n`` lh qceb* Ye cnxe nocdexea xn}tdji èxe`s lh wejeq}nqdlj ydqcdj

qce wlwu`nqdlj lh Djqe}jeq use}s dj adhhe}ejq olujq}des* Hl} enbwè, dj olujq}des suoc ns Ocdè, Qu}fet, nja Xeje{ue`n ye esqdbnqe qcnq ye cnxe wejeq}nqdlj }nqes lh i}enqe} qcnj

37% lh Djqe}jeq use}s6 dj olujq}des suoc ns qce Ujdqea Fdjialb nja qce Ujdqea _qnqes ye esqdbnqe qcnq ye cnxe wejeq}nqdlj }nqes lh nww}ldbnqe`t 87%6 dj olujq}des suoc ns

M}n{d`, Ie}bnjt, nja Djadn ye esqdbnqe qcnq ye cnxe wejeq}nqdlj }nqes lh

11


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ye me`dexe qcnq ye cnxe qce lwwl}qujdqt ql oljqdjue ql i}ly lu} ANUs n}luja qce yl}à* I}lyqc dj ANUs aewejas lj lu} nmd`dqt ql nqq}noq jey use}s nja djo}ense qce h}e~uejot

lh ejiniebejq hl} edsqdji use}s* Ye ndb ql djo}ense ANUs mt aexe`lwdji w}lauoqs qcnq n}e bl}e olbwe``dji hl} lu} use}s, djo}ensdji qce }eèxnjoe lh qce djhl}bnqdlj ye adsw`nt

hl} enoc use}, djo}ensdji qce jubme} lh olbwe``dji W`nqhl}b nwws nja yemsdqe djqei}nqdljs, nja dbw}lxdji qce ~un`dqt lh lu} w}lauoqs no}lss blmdè w`nqhl}bs* Ye n`sl me`dexe

qcnq tlujie} use}s cnxe cdice} èxe`s lh ejiniebejq ydqc qce yem nja blmdè aexdoes dj ieje}n` nja ydqc Hnoemllf sweodhdon``t* Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq aebli}nwcdo q}ejas lxe} qce

`lji qe}b bnt oljq}dmuqe ql i}lyqc dj ejiniebejq ns n i}enqe} jubme} lh use}s yd`` olbe h}lb aebli}nwcdo i}luws qcnq cnxe i}lyj uw ydqc qce yem nja blmdè aexdoes nja

ycl sweja bl}e qdbe lj`dje exe}t ant*

• Blmdè BNUs* Ye aehdje n blmdè BNU ns n use} ycl nooessea Hnoemllf xdn n blmdè nww l} xdn blmdè"lwqdbd{ea xe}sdljs lh lu} yemsdqe suoc ns b*hnoemllf*olb, yceqce} lj

n blmdè wclje l} qnmèq suoc ns qce dWna, au}dji qce we}dla lh bensu}ebejq*

Ye cna bl}e qcnj 1=5 bd``dlj blmdè BNUs dj Aeoebme} =7>>* Dj =7>>, blmdè usnie lh Hnoemllf djo}ensea dj bn}feqs n}luja qce yl}à, djoùadji bnkl} aexe`lwea bn}feqssuoc ns qce Ujdqea _qnqes yce}e sbn}qwclje wejeq}nqdlj i}ey }nwda`t* Lu} blmdè BNU i}lyqc yns n`sl a}dxej mt w}lauoq ejcnjoebejqs no}lss sexe}n` blmdè w`nqhl}bs* Hl}

enbwè, ye dbw}lxea lu} w}lauoq lhhe}dji lj henqu}e wcljes hl``lydji lu} no~udsdqdlj lh _jnwqu dj Nw}d` =7>> nja ye `nujocea qce Hnoemllf nww hl} qce dWna dj Loqlme} =7>>*

Dbw}lxdji lu} blmdè w}lauoqs nja djo}ensdji blmdè usnie lh Hnoemllf n}e fet olbwnjt w}dl}dqdes qcnq ye me`dexe n}e o}dqdon` ql ce`w us bndjqndj nja i}ly lu} use} mnse nja

ejiniebejq lxe} qce `lji qe}b* Ye eweoq oljsube}s n}luja qce yl}à yd`` oljqdjue ql djo}ense qce nblujq lh qdbe qcet sweja nja qce djhl}bnqdlj qcet scn}e nja oljsube

qc}luic blmdè aexdoes*

Ye al jlq ou}}ejq`t adsw`nt nas ql use}s ycl nooess Hnoemllf xdn blmdè nwws l} lu} blmdè yemsdqe* Ql qce eqejq qcnq djo}ensdji usnie lh Hnoemllf qc}luic blmdè nwws l} lu}

blmdè yemsdqe sumsqdquqes hl} qce use lh Hnoemllf qc}luic we}sljn` olbwuqe}s yce}e ye al scly nas, qce jubme} lh nas qcnq ye ae`dxe} ql use}s nja lu} }exejue bnt me

jeinqdxe`t nhheoqea ujèss nja ujqd` ye djoùae nas l} swljsl}ea sql}des lj lu} blmdè nwws nja blmdè yemsdqe* Ye me`dexe qcnq welwè n}luja qce yl}à yd`` oljqdjue ql djo}ense

qced} use lh Hnoemllf h}lb blmdè aexdoes, nja qcnq slbe lh qcds blmdè usnie cns meej nja yd`` oljqdjue ql me n sumsqdquqe hl} use lh Hnoemllf qc}luic we}sljn` olbwuqe}s*

Hnoql}s Nhheoqdji Lu} We}hl}bnjoe

I}lyqc q}ejas dj BNUs, ANUs, nja blmdè BNUs n}e o}dqdon` xn}dnmès qcnq nhheoq lu} }exejue nja hdjnjodn` }esu`qs mt djhùejodji qce jubme} lh nas ye n}e nmè ql scly, qce xnùe lh

qclse nas, qce xlùbe lh Wntbejqs q}njsnoqdljs, ns ye`` ns lu} ewejses nja onwdqn` ewejadqu}es*

Dj naadqdlj, ocnjies dj use} ejiniebejq wnqqe}js n`sl nhheoq lu} }exejue nja hdjnjodn` we}hl}bnjoe* Ye me`dexe qcnq lxe}n`` ejiniebejq ns bensu}ea mt qce we}oejqnie lh use}s ycl

o}enqe oljqejq #suoc ns yn`` wlsqs, bessnies, l} wclqls$ l} ieje}nqe heeamnof #suoc ns mt @dfdji l} Olbbejqdji lj qce oljqejq o}enqea$ cns }ebndjea sqnmè l} djo}ensea ns lu} use} mnse cns

i}lyj* Bl}elxe}, qce nxe}nie nblujq lh oljqejq nja heeamnof o}enqea mt enoc use} cns oljqdjuea ql djo}ense lxe} qdbe*

Lu} }exejue q}ejas n}e n`sl nhheoqea mt na djxejql}t bnjniebejq ocnjies nhheoqdji qce jubme}, sd{e, l} w}lbdjejoe lh nas ye adsw`nt* Hl} enbwè, dj qce hlu}qc ~un}qe} lh =7>7, ye

sdijdhdonjq`t djo}ensea qce jubme} lh nas lj bnjt Hnoemllf wnies* Ns njlqce} enbwè, dj qce hlu}qc ~un}qe} lh =7>>, ye djo}ensea qce }ese}xe w}doe #d*e*, qce bdjdbub w}doe qc}esclà$ dj lu}

naxe}qdsdji nuoqdlj stsqeb dj l}ae} ql }eauoe qce h}e~uejot ydqc ycdoc `ly ~un`dqt nas n}e adsw`ntea ql use}s* Qcds ocnjie onusea n }eauoqdlj dj qce lxe}n`` jubme} lh nas sclyj nja djo}ensea

qce nxe}nie w}doe we} na ns n }esu`q lh hnoql}s djoùadji qce }eblxn` lh nas ydqc mdas qcnq ye}e me`ly qce }ese}xe w}doe nja slbe naxe}qdse}s }ndsdji qced} mdas dj }eswljse ql qcds ocnjie* Hl} qcds

wn}qdou`n}

18


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

ocnjie, ye esqdbnqe qcnq qce aeo}ense dj qce jubme} lh nas adsw`ntea nja qce djo}ense dj nxe}nie w}doe we} na nww}ldbnqe`t lhhseq enoc lqce} suoc qcnq qce dbwnoq lj qlqn` }exejue yns bdjdbn`*

Ye bnfe ljildji w}lauoq ocnjies djqejaea ql ejcnjoe qce use} ewe}dejoe* Dj _ewqebme} =7>>, nq lu} h3 oljhe}ejoe, ye njjlujoea qce `nujoc lh Qdbe`dje ns nj ejcnjoea nja uwanqea

xe}sdlj lh qce Hnoemllf W}lhdè ql ejnmè use}s ql meqqe} l}injd{e nja nooess qce i}lydji ~unjqdqt lh qced} uwanqes, wclqls, olbbejqs, nja lqce} oljqejq* Ye eweoq Qdbe`dje ql }l`` luq m}lna`t

n}luja qce yl}à dj qce hd}sq ~un}qe} lh =7>=* N`sl dj _ewqebme} =7>>, ye njjlujoea qce `nujoc lh qce jeq dqe}nqdlj lh Lwej I}nwc NWDs, ycdoc ejnmès W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql o}enqe jey qtwes

lh slodn` nwws qcnq hnod`dqnqe scn}dji, se`h"ew}essdlj, nja se}ejadwdqlus adsolxe}t no}lss n m}lna xn}deqt lh noqdxdqdes nja djqe}esqs* Ye ewnjaea qce Lwej I}nwc ql djoùae bl}e qtwes lh scn}dji

noqdxdqdes dj qce hd}sq ~un}qe} lh =7>=*

Dj =7>>, ye oljqdjuea ql bnfe sdijdhdonjq djxesqbejqs dj lu} qeocjdon` djh}nsq}uoqu}e ql ejsu}e qcnq lu} i}lydji use} mnse onj nooess Hnoemllf }nwda`t nja }e`dnm`t* Dj Nw}d` =7>>, ye

meinj se}xdji use} q}nhhdo luq lh lu} hd}sq lyjea nja mud`q anqn oejqe} dj W}djexd`è, L}eilj* Ye aexe`lwea aesdijs hl} anqn oejqe}s, se}xe} cn}ayn}e, nja slhqyn}e qcnq ye}e lwqdbd{ea hl} use dj

lu} jey anqn oejqe} hnod`dqdes, }esu`qdji dj sdijdhdonjq djo}enses dj eje}it ehhdodejot ycdè sdijdhdonjq`t }eauodji lu} se}xe} lwe}nqdlj olsqs olbwn}ea ql qce usnie lh q}nadqdljn` se}xe}s nja ènseaanqn oejqe}s* Ye n}e djxesqdji dj naadqdljn` Hnoemllf"lyjea anqn oejqe}s dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja Eu}lwe nja ye ndb ql ae`dxe} Hnoemllf w}lauoqs }nwda`t nja }e`dnm`t ql n`` use}s n}luja qce

yl}à*

Nq qce eja lh =7>>, ye cna ?,=77 hu``"qdbe ebw`ltees, nj djo}ense lh 57% h}lb qce ten} w}dl}* Lu} ebw`ltee cenaolujq cns djo}ensea sdijdhdonjq`t nja ye eweoq qcds i}lyqc ql oljqdjue

hl} qce hl}eseenmè huqu}e* Ye cnxe n`sl bnae nja djqeja ql bnfe no~udsdqdljs ydqc qce w}dbn}t lmkeoqdxe lh naadji slhqyn}e ejidjee}s, w}lauoq aesdije}s, nja lqce} we}sljje` ydqc oe}qndj

qeocjl`lit ewe}qdse* Ycdè lu} l}injd{nqdlj ds i}lydji }nwda`t, ye n}e hlousea lj djo}ensdji lu} qnèjq mnse nq n }nqe qcnq n``lys us ql w}ese}xe lu} ou`qu}e*

Olbwljejqs lh ]esu`qs lh Lwe}nqdljs

]exejue

Ye ieje}nqe sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh lu} }exejue h}lb naxe}qdsdji nja h}lb hees nsslodnqea ydqc lu} Wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e qcnq ejnmès use}s ql wu}ocnse xd}qun` nja adidqn` illas h}lb lu}

W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s*

Naxe}qdsdji* Lu} naxe}qdsdji }exejue ds ieje}nqea mt adsw`ntdji na w}lauoqs lj lu} yemsdqe* Naxe}qdse}s wnt hl} na w}lauoqs adsw`ntea lj Hnoemllf, edqce} ad}eoq`t l} qc}luic qced}

}e`nqdljscdws ydqc naxe}qdsdji niejodes, mnsea lj qce jubme} lh dbw}essdljs ae`dxe}ea l} qce jubme} lh o`dofs bnae mt lu} use}s* Ye }eolijd{e }exejue h}lb qce adsw`nt lh dbw}essdlj"mnsea nas

lj lu} yemsdqe dj qce oljq}noqea we}dla dj ycdoc qce dbw}essdljs n}e ae`dxe}ea* Dbw}essdljs n}e oljsdae}ea ae`dxe}ea ycej nj na nwwen}s dj wnies adsw`ntea ql use}s* Ye }eolijd{e }exejue h}lb

qce ae`dxe}t lh o`dof"mnsea nas lj lu} yemsdqe dj qce we}dla dj ycdoc n use} o`dofs lj nj na*

Wntbejqs nja lqce} hees* Ye ejnmè Wntbejqs h}lb lu} use}s ql lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s* Lu} use}s onj q}njsnoq nja bnfe wntbejqs lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b mt usdji o}eadq on}as,

WntWn` l} lqce} wntbejq beqclas nxnd`nmè lj lu} yemsdqe* Ye }eoedxe n jeilqdnqea hee h}lb lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ycej use}s bnfe wu}ocnses h}lb lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s usdji lu}

Wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e* Ye }eolijd{e }exejue jeq lh nblujqs }ebdqqea ql lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s* Ye cnxe bnjanqea qce use lh lu} Wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e hl} inbe nwws lj Hnoemllf, nja

hees }e`nqea ql Wntbejqs n}e ieje}nqea n`blsq eoùsdxe`t h}lb inbes* Ql anqe, inbes h}lb [tjin cnxe ieje}nqea qce bnkl}dqt lh lu} wntbejqs nja lqce} hees }exejue* Dj naadqdlj, ye ieje}nqe

lqce} hees }exejue dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc n}}njiebejqs }e`nqea ql musdjess aexe`lwbejq q}njsnoqdljs nja hees h}lb xn}dlus blmdè w}lxdae}s6 dj }eoejq we}dlas, lqce} hees }exejue cns meej

dbbnqe}dn`*

19


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Olsq lh ]exejue nja Lwe}nqdji Ewejses

Olsq lh }exejue* Lu} olsq lh }exejue oljsdsqs w}dbn}d`t lh ewejses nsslodnqea ydqc qce ae`dxe}t nja adsq}dmuqdlj lh lu} w}lauoqs* Qcese djoùae ewejses }e`nqea ql qce lwe}nqdlj lh lu}

anqn oejqe}s suoc ns hnod`dqt nja se}xe} e~udwbejq aew}eodnqdlj, hnod`dqt nja se}xe} e~udwbejq }ejq ewejse, eje}it nja mnjaydaqc olsqs, suwwl}q nja bndjqejnjoe olsqs, nja sn`n}des, mejehdqs, nja

scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj hl} ebw`ltees lj lu} lwe}nqdljs qenbs* Olsq lh }exejue n`sl djoùaes o}eadq on}a nja lqce} q}njsnoqdlj hees }e`nqea ql w}loessdji ousqlbe} q}njsnoqdljs*

Bn}feqdji nja snès* Lu} bn}feqdji nja snès ewejses oljsdsq w}dbn}d`t lh sn`n}des, mejehdqs, nja scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj hl} lu} ebw ltees ejiniea dj snès, snès suwwl}q,

bn}feqdji, musdjess aexe lwbejq, nja ousqlbe} se}xdoe hujoqdljs* Lu} bn}feqdji nja snès ewejses n`sl djoùae use}", aexe lwe}", nja naxe}qdse}"hnodji bn}feqdji nja w}lblqdljn`

ewejadqu}es*

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq* ]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq ewejses oljsdsq w}dbn}d`t lh sn`n}des, mejehdqs, nja scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj hl} ebw`ltees lj lu} ejidjee}dji nja qeocjdon`

qenbs ycl n}e }eswljsdmè hl} mudàdji jey w}lauoqs ns ye`` ns dbw}lxdji edsqdji w}lauoqs* Ye ewejse sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh lu} }esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq olsqs ns qcet n}e djou}}ea*

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe* Lu} ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe ewejses oljsdsq w}dbn}d`t lh sn`n}des, mejehdqs, nja scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj hl} lu} eeouqdxes ns ye`` ns lu} hdjnjoe, èin`,

cubnj }eslu}oes, nja lqce} nabdjdsq}nqdxe ebw`ltees* Dj naadqdlj, ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe ewejses djoùae luqsdae oljsu`qdji, èin` nja noolujqdji se}xdoes, nja hnod`dqdes nja lqce}

suwwl}qdji lxe}cena olsqs* Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe ewejses n`sl djoùae ein` seqqèbejqs*

_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj Ewejse

Ye cnxe i}njqea }esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs #]_Us$ ql lu} ebw`ltees nja bebme}s lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* ]_Us i}njqea w}dl} ql Knjun}t >, =7>> #W}e"=7>> ]_Us$ ujae} lu} =775 _qlof

W`nj xesq uwlj qce snqdshnoqdlj lh mlqc n se}xdoe oljadqdlj nja n `d~udadqt oljadqdlj* Qce se}xdoe oljadqdlj hl} qce bnkl}dqt lh qcese nyn}as ds snqdshdea lxe} hlu} ten}s* Qce `d~udadqt oljadqdlj ds

snqdshdea uwlj qce loou}}ejoe lh n ~un`dhtdji exejq, aehdjea ns n ocnjie lh oljq}l` q}njsnoqdlj l} sd bljqcs hl``lydji qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cnxe }eolijd{ea jl scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse hl} W}e"=7>> ]_Us, meonuse n ~un`dhtdji exejq aeso}dmea nmlxe cna jlq loou}}ea* Dj qce ~un}qe} dj

ycdoc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji ds olbwèqea, ye yd`` meidj }eol}adji scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse usdji qce nooeè}nqea nqq}dmuqdlj beqcla, jeq lh hl}hedqu}es, mnsea lj qce i}njq anqe hnd}

xnùe lh qce W}e"=7>> ]_Us* Hl} qce W}e"=7>> ]_Us, dh qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji cna meej olbwèqea lj Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye yluà cnxe }eolijd{ea !483 bd``dlj lh scn}e"mnsea

olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lj qcnq anqe, nja yluà cnxe nww}ldbnqe`t !=?4 bd``dlj lh naadqdljn` huqu}e we}dla ewejse ql me }eolijd{ea lxe} qce }ebndjdji se}xdoe we}dlas qc}luic =7>3*

]_Us i}njqea lj l} nhqe} Knjun}t >, =7>> #Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us$ n}e jlq sumkeoq ql n `d~udadqt oljadqdlj dj l}ae} ql xesq* Olbwejsnqdlj ewejse }e`nqea ql qcese i}njqs ds mnsea lj qce i}njq

anqe hnd} xnùe lh qce ]_Us nja ds }eolijd{ea lj n sq}ndicq"`dje mnsds lxe} qce nww`donmè se}xdoe we}dla* Qce bnkl}dqt lh Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us n}e en}jea lxe} n se}xdoe we}dla lh hlu} ql hdxe ten}s* Dj

=7>>, ye }eolijd{ea !>34 bd``dlj lh scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse }e`nqea ql qce Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us, nja ye njqdodwnqe }eolijd{dji !>,>34 bd``dlj lh huqu}e we}dla ewejse }e`nqea qlWlsq"=7>> ]_Us luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, qce}e yns !=,18? bd``dlj lh uj}eolijd{ea scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse, lh ycdoc !=,?48 bd``dlj ds }e`nqea ql ]_Us nja !89 bd``dlj ds }e`nqea ql

}esq}doqea scn}es nja sqlof lwqdljs* Qcds uj}eolijd{ea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ds eweoqea ql me }eolijd{ea lxe} n yedicqea"nxe}nie we}dla lh nww}ldbnqe`t qyl ten}s*

_ee ‐‑O}dqdon` Noolujqdji Wl`dodes nja Esqdbnqes‑_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj‒ hl} naadqdljn` djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji lu} scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse*

13


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

]esu`qs lh Lwe}nqdljs

Qce hl``lydji qnmè subbn}d{es lu} cdsql}don` oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe anqn;


=774 =7>7 =7>>

#dj bd``dljs$


]exejue ! 999 ! >,491 ! ?,9>>

Olsqs nja ewejses ;


Bn}feqdji nja snès >>5 >31 1=9]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq 39 >11 ?33




Lqce} ewejse, jeq 3 =1 8>



Jeq djolbe ! ==4 ! 878 ! >,777



=774 =7>7 =7>>

#dj bd``dljs$






Qce hl``lydji qnmè subbn}d{es lu} cdsql}don` oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe anqn ns n we}oejqnie lh }exejue hl} qce we}dlas sclyj;


=774 =7>7 =7>>


]exejue >77% >77% >77%

Olsqs nja ewejses ;

Olsq lh }exejue =4 =5 =?

Bn}feqdji nja snès >5 4 >=

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq >> 9 >7

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe >= 8 3

Qlqn` olsqs nja ewejses 88 13 5?

Djolbe h}lb lwe}nqdljs ?1 5= 19

Lqce} ewejse, jeq > > =

Djolbe mehl}e w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes ?? 5> 18

W}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes ? =7 >4

Jeq djolbe =4% ?>% =9%

#>$ Olsqs nja ewejses djoùae qce hl `lydji scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ns n we}oejqnie lh }exejue;


=774 =7>7 =7>>

Olsq lh }exejue ‑% ‑% ‑%

Bn}feqdji nja snès ‑ ‑ >

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq > ‑ ?

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe = ‑ >

Qlqn` scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ?% >% 8%

14

#>$

#>$


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ten}s Ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7, nja =7>>

]exejue

Ten} Ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774 ql =7>7

% Ocnjie

=7>7 ql =7>>

% Ocnjie =774 =7>7 =7>>

#dj bd``dljs$

Naxe}qdsdji }exejue ! 981 !>,383 !?,>51 >15% 84%

Wntbejqs nja lqce} hees }exejue >? >78 559 JB JB

Qlqn` }exejue ! 999 !>,491 !?,9>> >51% 33%

=7>> Olbwn}ea ql =7>7* ]exejue dj =7>> djo}ensea !>,9?9 bd``dlj, l} 33% olbwn}ea ql =7>7* Qce djo}ense yns aue w}dbn}d`t ql n 84% djo}ense dj naxe}qdsdji }exejue ql !?,>51

bd``dlj* Naxe}qdsdji }exejue i}ey aue ql n 1=% djo}ense dj qce jubme} lh nas ae`dxe}ea nja nj >3% djo}ense dj qce nxe}nie w}doe we} na ae`dxe}ea* Qce djo}ense dj nas ae`dxe}ea yns a}dxej

w}dbn}d`t mt use} i}lyqc* Qce jubme} lh nas ae`dxe}ea yns n`sl nhheoqea mt bnjt lqce} hnoql}s djoùadji w}lauoq ocnjies qcnq sdijdhdonjq`t djo}ensea qce jubme} lh nas lj bnjt Hnoemllf wnies

meidjjdji dj qce hlu}qc ~un}qe} lh =7>7, wn}qdn``t lhhseq mt nj djo}ense dj usnie lh lu} blmdè w}lauoqs, yce}e ye al jlq scly nas, nja mt xn}dlus w}lauoq ocnjies dbwèbejqea dj =7>> qcnq dj

nii}einqe blaesq`t }eauoea qce jubme} lh nas lj oe}qndj wnies* Qce djo}ense dj nxe}nie w}doe we} na ae`dxe}ea yns nhheoqea mt hnoql}s djoùadji dbw}lxebejqs dj lu} nmd`dqt ql ae`dxe} bl}e

}eèxnjq nas ql use}s nja w}lauoq ocnjies qcnq oljq}dmuqea ql cdice} use} djqe}noqdlj ydqc qce nas mt djo}ensdji qced} }e`nqdxe w}lbdjejoe*

Wntbejqs nja lqce} hees }exejue djo}ensea ql !559 bd``dlj dj =7>> aue ql qce nalwqdlj lh Hnoemllf Wntbejqs, ycdoc cns meej i}naun``t nalwqea mt lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s nja meinj

ieje}nqdji sdijdhdonjq }exejue dj qce hlu}qc ~un}qe} lh =7>7* Hnoemllf Wntbejqs meonbe bnjanql}t hl} n`` inbe aexe`lwe}s nooewqdji wntbejqs lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b ydqc `dbdqea

eoewqdljs lj Ku`t >, =7>>* Nool}adji`t, olbwn}dsljs lh wntbejqs nja lqce} hees }exejue ql we}dlas mehl}e qcnq anqe bnt jlq me benjdjihu`* Dj =7>>, lqce} hees }exejue yns dbbnqe}dn`*

Dj =7>>, ye ieje}nqea nww}ldbnqe`t 58% lh lu} }exejue h}lb naxe}qdse}s nja W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s mnsea dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes, olbwn}ea ql 8=% dj =7>7* Qcds ocnjie ds aue ql hnoql}s

djoùadji n hnsqe} i}lyqc }nqe lh djqe}jnqdljn` use}s nja qce ewnjsdlj lh djqe}jnqdljn` snès lhhdoes nja wntbejq beqclas* Qce bnkl}dqt lh lu} }exejue luqsdae lh qce Ujdqea _qnqes onbe h}lb

ousqlbe}s lonqea dj yesqe}j Eu}lwe, Onjnan, nja Nusq}n`dn*

=7>7 Olbwn}ea ql =774* ]exejue dj =7>7 djo}ensea !>,>49 bd``dlj, l} >51%, olbwn}ea ql =774* Qce djo}ense yns w}dbn}d`t aue ql n >15% djo}ense dj naxe}qdsdji }exejue ql !>,383

bd``dlj dj =7>7* Naxe}qdsdji }exejue i}ey w}dbn}d`t aue ql nj djo}ense dj qce jubme} lh nas ae`dxe}ea a}dxej mt i}lyqc dj use}s nja ejiniebejq ns ye`` ns qce jubme} lh nas we} wnie* Wntbejqs

nja lqce} hees }exejue djo}ensea ql !>78 bd``dlj dj =7>7 aue ql qce djdqdn` nalwqdlj lh Hnoemllf Wntbejqs au}dji qce ten}* Dj =7>7, ye ieje}nqea nww}ldbnqe`t 8=% lh lu} }exejue h}lb

naxe}qdse}s nja W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s mnsea dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes, olbwn}ea ql 89% dj =774*

Qye`xe we}oejq lh lu} qlqn` }exejue dj =7>>, nja èss qcnj >7% dj =7>7 nja =774, onbe h}lb n sdjiè ousqlbe}, [tjin* Qcds }exejue oljsdsqea lh wntbejqs w}loessdji hees }e`nqea ql

[tjin—s snès lh xd}qun` illas nja h}lb ad}eoq naxe}qdsdji wu}ocnsea mt [tjin* Dj Bnt =7>7, ye ejqe}ea djql nj naaejaub ql lu} sqnjan}a qe}bs nja oljadqdljs ydqc [tjin wu}sunjq ql ycdoc dq

ni}eea ql use Hnoemllf Wntbejqs ns qce w}dbn}t benjs lh wntbejq ydqcdj [tjin inbes w`ntea lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b* Ujae} qcds naaejaub, ye }eqndj n hee lh uw ql ?7% lh qce hnoe xnùe

lh use} wu}ocnses dj [tjin—s inbes lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b* Qcds naaejaub ewd}es dj Bnt =7>5*

57


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Olsq lh }exejue


% Ocnjie

=7>7 ql =7>>

% Ocnjie =774 =7>7 =7>>

#al``n}s dj bd``dljs$

Olsq lh }exejue ! ==? ! 14? ! 387 >=>% 91%

We}oejqnie lh }exejue =4% =5% =?%

=7>> Olbwn}ea ql =7>7* Olsq lh }exejue dj =7>> djo}ensea !?89 bd``dlj, l} 91%, olbwn}ea ql =7>7* Qce djo}ense yns w}dbn}d`t aue ql nj djo}ense dj ewejses }e`nqea ql ewnjadji lu}

anqn oejqe} lwe}nqdljs, suoc ns aew}eodnqdlj nja anqn oejqe} hnod`dqt }ejq* Qcese ewejses suwwl}qea lu} use} i}lyqc, qce djo}ensea usnie lh lu} w}lauoqs mt use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s, nja

qce `nujoc lh jey w}lauoqs* O}eadq on}a nja lqce} }e`nqea }exejue w}loessdji hees n`sl oljq}dmuqea ql qce djo}ense*

=7>7 Olbwn}ea ql =774* Olsq lh }exejue dj =7>7 djo}ensea !=97 bd``dlj, l} >=>%, olbwn}ea ql =774* Qce djo}ense yns w}dbn}d`t aue ql nj djo}ense dj ewejses }e`nqea ql ewnjadji lu}

anqn oejqe} lwe}nqdljs* O}eadq on}a nja lqce} }e`nqea }exejue w}loessdji hees n`sl oljq}dmuqea ql qce djo}ense*

Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq olsq lh }exejue yd`` djo}ense dj al``n} nblujq hl} qce hl}eseenmè huqu}e ns ye ewnja lu} anqn oejqe} onwnodqt ql suwwl}q use} i}lyqc, djo}ensea use} ejiniebejq, nja

qce ae`dxe}t lh jey w}lauoqs* Ye eweoq olsqs yd`` n`sl }dse hl} wntbejq w}loessdji ns ye djo}ense Wntbejqs xlùbes nja naa jey wntbejq beqclas* Qce eweoqea djo}ense dj olsq lh }exejue

bnt me wn}qdn``t bdqdinqea dh ye n}e nmè ql }en`d{e dbw}lxebejqs dj se}xe} we}hl}bnjoe nja qce ehhdodejot lh lu} qeocjdon` lwe}nqdljs* Ye eweoq olsq lh }exejue ns n we}oejqnie lh }exejue ql

aeo`dje blaesq`t lxe} qdbe ql qce eqejq ye n}e suooesshu` dj beeqdji lu} lmkeoqdxe lh ehhdodejq`t djo}ensdji }exejue*

Bn}feqdji nja snès


% Ocnjie

=7>7 ql =7>>

% Ocnjie =774 =7>7 =7>>


Bn}feqdji nja snès ! >>5 ! >31 ! 1=9 87% >?=%

We}oejqnie lh }exejue >5% 4% >=%

=7>> Olbwn}ea ql =7>7* Bn}feqdji nja snès ewejses dj =7>> djo}ensea !=1? bd``dlj, l} >?=%, olbwn}ea ql =7>7 * Qce djo}ense yns w}dbn}d`t aue ql nj djo}ense dj wnt}l`` nja mejehdqs

ewejses, }esu`qdji h}lb n 18% djo}ense dj ebw`ltee cenaolujq ql suwwl}q i`lmn` snès, musdjess aexe`lwbejq, nja ousqlbe} se}xdoe, nja ql n èsse} eqejq, nj djo}ense dj lu} use}", aexe`lwe}",

nja naxe}qdse}"hnodji bn}feqdji* Naadqdljn``t, scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse djo}ensea h}lb != bd``dlj dj =7>7 ql !1? bd``dlj dj =7>> aue ql }eolijdqdlj lh ewejse }e`nqea ql Wlsq"=7>>]_Us*

=7>7 Olbwn}ea ql =774* Bn}feqdji nja snès ewejses dj =7>7 djo}ensea !84 bd``dlj, l} 87%, olbwn}ea ql =774* Qce djo}ense yns w}dbn}d`t aue ql nj djo}ense dj wnt}l`` nja mejehdqs

ewejses, }esu`qdji h}lb n 47% djo}ense dj ebw`ltee cenaolujq ql suwwl}q i`lmn` snès, musdjess aexe`lwbejq, nja ousqlbe} se}xdoe* Naadqdljn``t, ye djo}ensea lu} swejadji ql suwwl}q lu}

use}", aexe`lwe}", nja naxe}qdse}"hnodji bn}feqdji ns ye`` ns lu} bn}feq }esen}oc nja njn`tqdos onwnmd`dqdes*

Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq bn}feqdji nja snès ewejses yd`` djo}ense dj al``n} nblujq nja ns n we}oejqnie lh }exejue dj =7>= ns n }esu`q lh i}lyqc dj cenaolujq nja cenaolujq"}e`nqea ewejses,

djoùadji scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse }e`nqea ql Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us* Ye w`nj ql naa snès, musdjess aexe`lwbejq nja ousqlbe} se}xdoe ebw`ltees, lwej jey lhhdoes, nja oljqdjue lu}

djxesqbejq dj use}", aexe`lwe}", nja naxe}qdse}"hnodji bn}feqdji* Nssubdji ye olbwèqe lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji dj =7>=, ye n`sl njqdodwnqe n sdijdhdonjq djo}ense dj bn}feqdji nja snès

ewejses dj =7>= aue ql qce djdqdn` djoùsdlj lh scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse h}lb W}e"=7>> ]_Us ns aeso}dmea dj ‐‑O}dqdon` Noolujqdji Wl`dodes nja Esqdbnqes‑_cn}e"mnsea

Olbwejsnqdlj*‒

5>


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq


% Ocnjie

=7>7 ql =7>>

% Ocnjie =774 =7>7 =7>>


]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq ! 39 ! >11 ! ?33 88% >84%

We}oejqnie lh }exejue >>% 9% >7%

=7>> Olbwn}ea ql =7>7* ]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq ewejses dj =7>> djo}ensea !=11 bd``dlj, l} >84%, olbwn}ea ql =7>7* Qce djo}ense yns w}dbn}d`t aue ql nj djo}ense h}lb !4 bd``dlj

dj =7>7 ql !>>1 bd``dlj dj =7>> hl} scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse }e`nqea ql Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us* Wnt}l`` nja mejehdqs ewejse n`sl djo}ensea aue ql n 59% i}lyqc dj ebw`ltee cenaolujq dj

ejidjee}dji, aesdij, w}lauoq bnjniebejq, nja lqce} qeocjdon` hujoqdljs* Qcds djxesqbejq suwwl}qea lu} ehhl}qs ql dbw}lxe edsqdji w}lauoqs nja mudà jey w}lauoqs hl} use}s, aexe`lwe}s, njanaxe}qdse}s*

=7>7 Olbwn}ea ql =774* ]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq ewejses dj =7>7 djo}ensea !59 bd``dlj, l} 88%, olbwn}ea ql =774* Qce djo}ense yns w}dbn}d`t aue ql nj djo}ense dj wnt}l`` nja

mejehdqs ewejses, }esu`qdji h}lb n 3>% djo}ense dj ebw`ltee cenaolujq dj ejidjee}dji nja }e`nqea hujoqdljs* Qcds djxesqbejq suwwl}qea lu} ehhl}qs ql dbw}lxe edsqdji w}lauoqs nja mudà jey

w}lauoqs hl} use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s*

Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq }esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq ewejses yd`` djo}ense dj al``n} nblujq nja ns n we}oejqnie lh }exejue dj =7>= ns n }esu`q lh i}lyqc dj cenaolujq nja cenaolujq"}e`nqea

ewejses, djoùadji scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse }e`nqea ql Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us* Ye w`nj ql oljqdjue }nwda`t cd}dji ejidjee}dji, aesdij, w}lauoq bnjniebejq, nja lqce} qeocjdon` ebw`ltees*

Nssubdji ye olbwèqe lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji dj =7>=, ye n`sl njqdodwnqe n sdijdhdonjq djo}ense dj }esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq ewejses dj =7>= aue ql qce djdqdn` djoùsdlj lh scn}e"mnsea

olbwejsnqdlj ewejse h}lb W}e"=7>> ]_Us ns aeso}dmea dj ‐‑O}dqdon` Noolujqdji Wl`dodes nja Esqdbnqes‑_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj*‒

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe


% Ocnjie

=7>7 ql =7>>

% Ocnjie =774 =7>7 =7>>


Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe ! 47 ! >=> ! =37 ?1% >?>%

We}oejqnie lh }exejue >=% 8% 3%

=7>> Olbwn}ea ql =7>7* Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe ewejses dj =7>> djo}ensea !>54 bd``dlj, l} >?>%, olbwn}ea ql =7>7* Qce djo}ense yns w}dbn}d`t aue ql nj djo}ense dj wnt}l`` njamejehdqs ewejses, }esu`qdji h}lb n 51% djo}ense dj ebw`ltee cenaolujq dj hdjnjoe, èin`, cubnj }eslu}oes, nja lqce} hujoqdljs* Naadqdljn``t, luqsdae oljsu`qdji nja èin` hees oljq}dmuqea ql qce

djo}ense* _cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse djo}ensea h}lb !4 bd``dlj dj =7>7 ql !5> bd``dlj dj =7>> aue ql }eolijdqdlj lh ewejse }e`nqea ql Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us*

=7>7 Olbwn}ea ql =774* Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe ewejses dj =7>7 djo}ensea !?> bd``dlj, l} ?1%, olbwn}ea ql =774* Qce djo}ense yns w}dbn}d`t aue ql nj djo}ense dj wnt}l`` nja

mejehdqs ewejses, }esu`qdji h}lb n 8>% djo}ense dj ebw`ltee cenaolujq dj ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe hujoqdljs nja, ql n èsse} eqejq, nj djo}ense dj luqsdae oljsu`qdji nja èin` hees*

Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe ewejses yd`` djo}ense dj al``n} nblujq nja djo}ense ns n we}oejqnie lh }exejue dj =7>= ns n }esu`q lh i}lyqc dj cenaolujq nja cenaolujq"

}e`nqea ewejses, djoùadji scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj }e`nqea ql qce Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us* Ye w`nj ql djo}ense ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe ebw`ltee cenaolujq ql suwwl}q lu} i}lyqc* Nssubdji ye

olbwèqe lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji dj =7>=, ye n`sl njqdodwnqe n sdijdhdonjq djo}ense dj ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe ewejses dj =7>= aue ql qce djdqdn` djoùsdlj lh

5=


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse h}lb W}e"=7>> ]_Us ns aeso}dmea dj ‐‑O}dqdon` Noolujqdji Wl`dodes nja Esqdbnqes‑_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj*‒

Lqce} ewejse, jeq


% Ocnjie

=7>7 ql =7>>

% Ocnjie =774 =7>7 =7>>

#dj bd``dljs$

Djqe}esq ewejse !#>7$ !#==$ !#1=$ >=7% 4>%

Lqce} djolbe #ewejse$, jeq = #=$ #>4$ JB JB

Lqce} ewejse, jeq ! #3$ !#=1$ !#8>$ =77% >51%

=7>> Olbwn}ea ql =7>7* Lqce} ewejse, jeq dj =7>> djo}ensea !?9 bd``dlj, l} >51%, olbwn}ea ql =7>7* Djqe}esq ewejse djo}ensea mt !=7 bd``dlj, a}dxej mt nj djo}ense dj hees }e`nqea ql

lu} o}eadq hnod`dqt ns aeso}dmea dj ‐‑@d~udadqt nja Onwdqn` ]eslu}oes,‒ nja qce wntbejqs }e`nqea ql nj djo}ensea xlùbe lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq hdjnjoea mt onwdqn` ènses* Qce ocnjie dj

lqce} ewejse yns w}dbn}d`t aue ql !=4 bd``dlj dj hl}edij eocnjie }e`nqea `lsses dj =7>>* Hl}edij eocnjie `lsses dj =7>> sqebbea h}lb qce we}dlado }e"bensu}ebejq lh lu} djqe}olbwnjt Eu}l

mn`njoes* Hl}edij ou}}ejot mn`njoes ye}e dbbnqe}dn` dj =7>7* Qcese ewejses ye}e wn}qdn``t lhhseq mt nj djo}ense dj djqe}esq djolbe a}dxej mt `n}ie} djxesqea onsc mn`njoes*

=7>7 Olbwn}ea ql =774* Djqe}esq ewejse dj =7>7 djo}ensea ns n }esu`q lh nj djo}ensea use lh onwdqn` ènses nja djqe}esq wntbejqs }e`nqea ql lu} !=57 bd``dlj o}eadq hnod`dqt ns aeso}dmea dj

‐‑@d~udadqt nja Onwdqn` ]eslu}oes*‒ Qcds `lnj yns }ewnda dj hu`` dj Bn}oc =7>>*

W}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes


% Ocnjie

=7>7 ql =7>>

% Ocnjie =774 =7>7 =7>>


W}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes ! =5 ! 17= ! 845 JB 9?%

Ehheoqdxe qn }nqe >7% 17% 1>%

=7>> Olbwn}ea ql =7>7* Lu} w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes dj =7>> djo}ensea !=4? bd``dlj, l} 9?%, olbwn}ea ql =7>7 w}dbn}d`t aue ql nj djo}ense dj qnnmè djolbe* Lu} ehheoqdxe qn }nqe

djo}ensea w}dbn}d`t aue ql `lsses n}dsdji luqsdae qce Ujdqea _qnqes dj ku}dsadoqdljs yce}e ye al jlq }eoedxe n qn mejehdq nja qce dbwnoq lh oe}qndj jlj"aeauoqdmè scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj

ewejse qcnq yns }eolijd{ea au}dji qce ten}*

=7>7 Olbwn}ea ql =774* Lu} w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes dj =7>7 djo}ensea !?99 bd``dlj olbwn}ea ql =774 w}dbn}d`t aue ql nj djo}ense dj qnnmè djolbe* Lu} ehheoqdxe qn }nqe djo}ensea

w}dbn}d`t aue ql n mejehdq }eol}aea dj =774 }e`nqea ql qce }eènse lh n xnùnqdlj n``lynjoe, ycdoc ada jlq }eou} dj =7>7*

Lu} ehheoqdxe qn }nqe cns eoeeaea qce U*_* sqnquql}t }nqe dj wn}q meonuse lh `lsses n}dsdji luqsdae qce Ujdqea _qnqes dj ku}dsadoqdljs yce}e ye al jlq }eoedxe n qn mejehdq* Qcese `lsses

ye}e w}dbn}d`t aue ql qce djdqdn` sqn}q"uw olsqs djou}}ea mt lu} hl}edij sumsdadn}des ql lwe}nqe dj oe}qndj hl}edij bn}feqs, djoùadji qce olsqs djou}}ea mt qclse sumsdadn}des ql `doejse, aexe`lw, nja

use lu} djqe` eoqun w}lwe}qt* Lu} ehheoqdxe qn }nqe dj qce huqu}e yd`` aeweja lj qce wl}qdlj lh lu} w}lhdqs en}jea ydqcdj nja luqsdae qce Ujdqea _qnqes, ycdoc yd`` n`sl me nhheoqea mt lu}

beqclal`lides hl} xnùdji lu} djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt nja djqe}olbwnjt q}njsnoqdljs*

Nssubdji ye olbwèqe lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji dj =7>=, ye njqdodwnqe n sdijdhdonjq djo}ense dj scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse h}lb W}e"=7>> ]_Us, ycdoc bnt oljq}dmuqe ql

djo}ensdji lu} ehheoqdxe qn }nqe meonuse n wl}qdlj lh qce scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse yd`` jlq me qn aeauoqdmè dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes* Dj

5?


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

naadqdlj, lu} ehheoqdxe qn }nqe bnt hùoqunqe sdijdhdonjq`t dj njt ~un}qe} dj ycdoc qce}e ds sdijdhdonjq scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse l} sdijdhdonjq ee}odses l} seqqèbejqs lh sqlof nyn}as*

ûn}qe}`t ]esu`qs lh Lwe}nqdljs Anqn

Qce hl``lydji qnmès seq hl}qc lu} ~un}qe}`t oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe anqn dj al``n}s nja ns n we}oejqnie lh qlqn` }exejue hl} enoc lh qce edicq ~un}qe}s dj qce we}dla ejaea

Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Ye cnxe w}ewn}ea qce ~un}qe}`t oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe anqn lj n mnsds oljsdsqejq ydqc qce nuadqea oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs djoùaea e`seyce}e dj qcds

w}lsweoqus* Dj qce lwdjdlj lh bnjniebejq, qce hdjnjodn` djhl}bnqdlj }ehèoqs n`` nakusqbejqs, oljsdsqdji lj`t lh jl}bn` }eou}}dji nakusqbejqs, ycdoc ye oljsdae} jeoessn}t hl} n hnd} w}esejqnqdlj

lh qcds anqn* Qcds djhl}bnqdlj scluà me }ena dj oljkujoqdlj ydqc qce nuadqea oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs nja }e`nqea jlqes djoùaea e`seyce}e dj qcds w}lsweoqus* Qce }esu`qs lh cdsql}don`

we}dlas n}e jlq jeoessn}d`t djadonqdxe lh qce }esu`qs hl} njt huqu}e we}dla*

Qc}ee Bljqcs Ejaea

Bn} ?>,

=7>7

Kuj ?7,

=7>7

_ew ?7,

=7>7

Aeo ?>,

=7>7

Bn} ?>,

=7>>

Kuj ?7,

=7>>

_ew ?7,

=7>>

Aeo ?>,

=7>>

#dj bd``dljs$


]exejue;

Naxe}qdsdji }exejue ! ?17 ! 1=1 ! 157 ! 855 ! 8?9 ! 998 ! 943 ! 41?

Wntbejqs nja lqce} hees }exejue 5 3 >9 98 41 >>4 >58 >33

Qlqn` }exejue ?15 1?> 189 9?> 9?> 345 451 >,>?>

Olsqs nja ewejses ;

Olsq lh }exejue >77 >>> >?> >57 >89 =>7 =?8 =19

Bn}feqdji nja snès ?8 11 15 54 83 >7? >=1 >?=

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq =5 ?= 1> 15 59 44 >73 >=1

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe == =8 ?1 17 5> 98 9= 37

Qlqn` olsqs nja ewejses >3? =>? =5> =41 ?1? 133 517 53?

Djolbe h}lb lwe}nqdljs >8= =>3 =>8 1?9 ?33 179 1>1 513

Jeq djolbe ! 45 ! >=4 ! >?> ! =5> ! =?? ! =17 ! ==9 ! ?7=


Qc}ee Bljqcs Ejaea

Bn} ?>,

=7>7

Kuj ?7,

=7>7

_ew ?7,

=7>7

Aeo ?>,

=7>7

Bn} ?>,

=7>>

Kuj ?7,

=7>>

_ew ?7,

=7>>

Aeo ?>,

=7>>

#dj bd``dljs$

Olsq lh }exejue ! ‑ ! ‑ ! ‑ ! ‑ ! ‑ ! ? ! ? ! ?

Bn}feqdji nja snès ‑ > ‑ > ‑ >> >8 >8

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq = = = ? 1 ?5 ?? 1=

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe ? = = = ? >5 >3 >5

Qlqn` scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ! 5 ! 5 ! 1 ! 8 ! 9 ! 81 ! 97 ! 98

51

#>$


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Qc}ee Bljqcs Ejaea

Bn} ?>,

=7>7

Kuj ?7,

=7>7

_ew ?7,

=7>7

Aeo ?>,

=7>7

Bn} ?>,

=7>>

Kuj ?7,

=7>>

_ew ?7,

=7>>

Aeo ?>,

=7>>

#ns n we}oejqnie lh qlqn` }exejue$


]exejue;

Naxe}qdsdji }exejue 44% 43% 48% 47% 39% 39% 31% 3?%

Wntbejqs nja lqce} hees }exejue > = 1 >7 >? >? >8 >9

Qlqn` }exejue >77% >77% >77% >77% >77% >77% >77% >77%

Olsqs nja ewejses ;

Olsq lh }exejue =4% =8% =3% =>% =?% =?% =5% ==%Bn}feqdji nja snès >7 >7 >7 3 4 >= >? >=

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq 9 9 4 8 3 >> >> >>

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe 8 8 9 5 9 3 3 9

Qlqn` olsqs nja ewejses 5? 14 51 17 19 55 59 5=

Djolbe h}lb lwe}nqdljs 19 5> 18 87 5? 15 1? 13

Jeq djolbe =3% ?7% =3% ?1% ?=% =9% =1% =9%


Qc}ee Bljqcs Ejaea

Bn} ?>,

=7>7

Kuj ?7,

=7>7

_ew ?7,

=7>7

Aeo ?>,

=7>7

Bn} ?>,

=7>>

Kuj ?7,

=7>>

_ew ?7,

=7>>

Aeo ?>,

=7>>

#ns n we}oejqnie lh qlqn` }exejue$

Olsq lh }exejue ‑% ‑% ‑% ‑% ‑% ‑% ‑% ‑%

Bn}feqdji nja snès ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ > = >

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq > ‑ ‑ ‑ > 1 ? 1

Ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe > ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ = = >

Qlqn` scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj >% >% >% >% >% 9% 9% 9%

ûn}qe}`t Q}ejas

]exejue

Naxe}qdsdji swejadji ds q}nadqdljn``t sensljn``t sq}lji dj qce hlu}qc ~un}qe}, nja ye cnxe ewe}dejoea sdijdhdonjq`t `lye} se~uejqdn` i}lyqc }nqes h}lb qce hlu}qc ~un}qe} ql qce hd}sq

~un}qe} lh qce hl``lydji ten}* Qce }nwda i}lyqc dj lu} musdjess bnt cnxe wn}qdn``t bnsfea qcese sensljn` q}ejas ql anqe nja qce sensljn` dbwnoqs bnt me bl}e w}ljlujoea dj qce huqu}e*

Hlu}qc ûn}qe} =7>> Olbwn}ea ql Hlu}qc ûn}qe} =7>7* ]exejue dj qce hlu}qc ~un}qe} lh =7>> djo}ensea !177 bd``dlj, l} 55%, olbwn}ea ql qce hlu}qc ~un}qe} lh =7>7* Qce djo}ense yns

w}dbn}d`t aue ql n 11% djo}ense dj naxe}qdsdji }exejue ql !41? bd``dlj* Naxe}qdsdji }exejue i}ey aue ql n >8% djo}ense dj qce jubme} lh nas ae`dxe}ea nja n =1% djo}ense dj qce nxe}nie w}doe

we} na ae`dxe}ea* Qce djo}ense dj nas ae`dxe}ea yns w}dbn}d`t a}dxej mt use} i}lyqc, wn}qdn``t lhhseq mt nj djo}ense dj usnie lh Hnoemllf blmdè w}lauoqs yce}e ye al jlq scly nas, w}lauoq

ocnjies dj =7>> ycdoc dj nii}einqe }eauoea qce jubme} lh nas lj oe}qndj Hnoemllf wnies, lu} aeodsdlj ql djo}ense qce }ese}xe w}doe hl} nas dj lu} stsqeb qce}emt }eauodji qce jubme} lh nas

sclyj, nja n }eauoqdlj dj usnie lh nwws lj Hnoemllf ycdoc }eauoea qce jubme} lh nas sclyj* Qce djo}ense dj nxe}nie w}doe we} na hl} qce hlu}qc ~un}qe} lh =7>> ns olbwn}ea ql qce hlu}qc

~un}qe} lh =7>7 yns a}dxej mt hnoql}s djoùadji ocnjies qcnq oljq}dmuqea ql cdice} use} djqe}noqdlj ydqc qce nas mt djo}ensdji qced} }e`nqdxe w}lbdjejoe lj oe}qndj wnies nja qce cdice} }ese}xe

w}doe hl} nas*

Wntbejqs nja lqce} hees }exejue djo}ensea ql !>33 bd``dlj dj qce hlu}qc ~un}qe} lh =7>> aue ql qce nalwqdlj lh Hnoemllf Wntbejqs, ycdoc cns meej i}naun``t nalwqea mt lu} W`nqhl}b

aexe`lwe}s nja meinj ieje}nqdji

55

#>$


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

sdijdhdonjq }exejue dj qce hlu}qc ~un}qe} lh =7>7* Hnoemllf Wntbejqs meonbe bnjanql}t hl} n`` inbe aexe`lwe}s nooewqdji wntbejqs lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b ydqc `dbdqea eoewqdljs lj Ku`t >,

=7>>* Nool}adji`t, olbwn}dsljs lh wntbejqs nja lqce} hees }exejue ql we}dlas mehl}e qcds anqe bnt jlq me benjdjihu`*

Olsq lh }exejue nja lwe}nqdji ewejses

Olsq lh }exejue nja lwe}nqdji ewejses djo}ensea au}dji exe}t ~un}qe} w}esejqea, w}dbn}d`t aue ql djo}ensea ewejses }e`nqea ql qce oljqdjuea ewnjsdlj lh lu} qeocjdon` djh}nsq}uoqu}e

nja djo}enses dj ebw`ltee cenaolujq* Qce djo}enses dj bn}feqdji nja snès, }esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq, nja ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe ewejses dj qce =7>> ~un}qe}`t we}dlas n`sl }ehèoq

sdijdhdonjq djo}enses hl} scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse }e`nqea ql Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us*

Hl} naadqdljn` djhl}bnqdlj lj bnqqe}s qcnq bnt nhheoq lu} ~un}qe}`t }esu`qs, see ‐]dsf Hnoql}s‑Lu} hdjnjodn` }esu`qs yd`` hùoqunqe h}lb ~un}qe} ql ~un}qe}, ycdoc bnfes qceb adhhdou`q ql

w}eadoq*‒

@d~udadqt nja Onwdqn` ]eslu}oes


=774 =7>7 =7>>

#dj bd``dljs$

Oljsl`danqea _qnqebejqs lh Onsc H`lys Anqn;

Jeq onsc w}lxdaea mt lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes ! >55 ! 843 ! >,514

Jeq onsc usea dj djxesqdji noqdxdqdes #8=$ #?=1$ #?,7=?$

Jeq onsc w}lxdaea mt hdjnjodji noqdxdqdes =1? 93> >,>43

Wu}ocnses lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq #??$ #=4?$ #878$

Aew}eodnqdlj nja nbl}qd{nqdlj 93 >?4 ?=?

_cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj =9 =7 =>9

Lu} w}djodwn` slu}oes lh `d~udadqt n}e lu} onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjqs, bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes, nja onsc ieje}nqea h}lb lwe}nqdljs* Onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjqs nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes

oljsdsq w}dbn}d`t lh onsc lj aewlsdq ydqc mnjfs nja djxesqbejqs dj bljet bn}feq hujas nja U*_* ilxe}jbejq nja U*_* ilxe}jbejq niejot seou}dqdes* Onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjqs nja bn}feqnmè

seou}dqdes qlqnèa !?,473 bd``dlj ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nj djo}ense lh !=,>=? bd``dlj h}lb Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7* Qcds djo}ense w}dbn}d`t }ehèoqs !>,514 bd``dlj lh onsc ieje}nqea h}lb

lwe}nqdljs nja !443 bd``dlj lh w}loeeas h}lb qce snè lh olbblj sqlof, wn}qdn``t lhhseq mt !878 bd``dlj usea hl} onwdqn` ewejadqu}es nja }ewntbejq lh n !=57 bd``dlj `lnj hnod`dqt* Ye ou}}ejq`t

njqdodwnqe qcnq lu} nxnd`nmè hujas, o}eadq hnod`dqt, nja onsc h`ly h}lb lwe}nqdljs yd`` me suhhdodejq ql beeq lu} lwe}nqdljn` onsc jeeas hl} qce hl}eseenmè huqu}e*

W}e"=7>> ]_Us xesq uwlj qce snqdshnoqdlj lh mlqc n se}xdoe oljadqdlj nja n `d~udadqt oljadqdlj* Qce `d~udadqt oljadqdlj yd`` me snqdshdea sd bljqcs hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Ye eweoq qcnq n wl}qdlj lh qcese ]_Us yd`` me seqqèa lj n anqe nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Lj qce seqqèbejq anqe, ye w`nj ql ydqcclà nja }ebdq djolbe qnes nq

nww`donmè bdjdbub sqnquql}t }nqes mnsea lj qce qcej"ou}}ejq xnùe lh qce ujae}`tdji scn}es* Ye ou}}ejq`t eweoq qcnq qce nxe}nie lh qcese ydqcclàdji qn }nqes yd`` me nww}ldbnqe`t 15%* Dh qce

w}doe lh lu} olbblj sqlof nq qce qdbe lh seqqèbejq ye}e e~un` ql qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, ye esqdbnqe qcnq qcds qn lm`dinqdlj yluà me

nww}ldbnqe`t ! md``dlj dj qce nii}einqe* Qce nblujq lh qcds lm`dinqdlj oluà me cdice} l} `lye}, aewejadji lj qce w}doe lh lu} scn}es lj qce ]_U seqqèbejq anqe* Ql seqqè qcese ]_Us,

nssubdji n 15% qn ydqcclàdji }nqe, ye njqdodwnqe qcnq ye yd`` jeq seqqè qce nyn}as mt ae`dxe}dji nww}ldbnqe`t scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql ]_U clàe}s nja

sdbu`qnjelus`t ydqcclàdji nww}ldbnqe`t scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof* Dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qcds jeq seqqèbejq ye yd`` ydqcclà nja }ebdq qce qn `dnmd`dqdes lj mecn`h lh qce ]_U

clàe}s ql qce }eèxnjq qn nuqcl}dqdes dj onsc*

58


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ql huja qce ydqcclàdji nja }ebdqqnjoe lm`dinqdlj, ye eweoq ql se`` e~udqt seou}dqdes jen} qce seqqèbejq anqe dj nj nblujq sumsqnjqdn``t e~udxnèjq ql qce jubme} lh scn}es lh olbblj

sqlof qcnq ye ydqcclà dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce djdqdn` seqqèbejq lh qce W}e"=7>> ]_Us, suoc qcnq qce jey`t dssuea scn}es scluà jlq me adùqdxe* Clyexe}, dj qce exejq qcnq ye dssue e~udqt

seou}dqdes, ye onjjlq nssu}e tlu qcnq ye yd`` me nmè ql suooesshu``t bnqoc qce w}loeeas ql qce nblujq lh qcds qn `dnmd`dqt* Dh ye eèoq jlq ql hu``t huja lu} ydqcclàdji nja }ebdqqnjoe lm`dinqdljs

qc}luic qce dssunjoe lh e~udqt l} ye n}e ujnmè ql olbwèqe suoc nj lhhe}dji aue ql bn}feq oljadqdljs l} lqce}ydse, ye bnt ocllse ql ml}}ly hujas h}lb lu} o}eadq hnod`dqt, use n sumsqnjqdn`

wl}qdlj lh lu} edsqdji onsc, l} }e`t uwlj n olbmdjnqdlj lh qcese n`qe}jnqdxes*

Dj =7>>, ye ejqe}ea djql nj ni}eebejq hl} nj ujseou}ea hdxe"ten} }exl`xdji o}eadq hnod`dqt qcnq n``lys us ql ml}}ly uw ql !=,577 bd``dlj, ydqc djqe}esq wntnmè lj ml}}lyea nblujqs seq nq

qce qc}ee"bljqc @ljalj Djqe}mnjf Lhhe}ea ]nqe #@DML]$ wùs >*7%* Jl nblujqs ye}e a}nyj alyj ujae} qcds ni}eebejq ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Ye wnda l}didjnqdlj hees nq o`lsdji nja qcese

hees n}e nbl}qd{ea lxe} qce }ebndjdji qe}b lh qce o}eadq hnod`dqt* Ye n`sl wnt n olbbdqbejq hee lh 7*>5% we} njjub lj qce and`t uja}nyj mn`njoe*

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, !?13 bd``dlj lh qce !?,473 bd``dlj dj onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjqs nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes yns ceà mt lu} hl}edij sumsdadn}des* Ye cnxe w}lxdaea hl} qcenaadqdljn` qnes qcnq yluà me aue dh ye }ewnq}dnqea qcese hujas hl} use dj lu} lwe}nqdljs dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes*

Onsc W}lxdaea mt Lwe}nqdji Noqdxdqdes

Onsc h`ly h}lb lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes au}dji =7>> w}dbn}d`t }esu`qea h}lb jeq djolbe lh !>,777 bd``dlj, nakusqea hl} oe}qndj jlj"onsc dqebs, djoùadji qlqn` aew}eodnqdlj nja nbl}qd{nqdlj

lh !?=? bd``dlj, nja scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lh !=>9 bd``dlj*

Onsc h`ly h}lb lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes au}dji =7>7 w}dbn}d`t }esu`qea h}lb jeq djolbe lh !878 bd``dlj, nakusqea hl} oe}qndj jlj"onsc dqebs, djoùadji qlqn` aew}eodnqdlj nja nbl}qd{nqdlj lh

!>?4 bd``dlj nja scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lh !=7 bd``dlj, wn}qdn``t lhhseq mt onsc oljsubea mt yl}fdji onwdqn` lh !97 bd``dlj*

Onsc h`ly h}lb lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes au}dji =774 w}dbn}d`t }esu`qea h}lb jeq djolbe lh !==4 bd``dlj, nakusqea hl} oe}qndj jlj"onsc dqebs, djoùadji qlqn` aew}eodnqdlj nja nbl}qd{nqdlj lh

!93 bd``dlj nja scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj lh !=9 bd``dlj, wn}qdn``t lhhseq mt onsc oljsubea mt yl}fdji onwdqn` lh !>94 bd``dlj*

Onsc Usea dj Djxesqdji Noqdxdqdes

Onsc usea dj djxesqdji noqdxdqdes au}dji =7>> w}dbn}d`t }esu`qea h}lb qce use lh nww}ldbnqe`t !=,?48 bd``dlj hl} qce jeq wu}ocnse lh bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes* Lu} onsc usea dj djxesqdji

noqdxdqdes dj =7>> n`sl oljsdsqea lh onwdqn` ewejadqu}es lh !878 bd``dlj }e`nqea ql qce wu}ocnse lh se}xe}s, jeqyl}fdji e~udwbejq, sql}nie djh}nsq}uoqu}e, nja qce oljsq}uoqdlj lh anqn oejqe}s*

Onsc usea dj djxesqdji noqdxdqdes au}dji =7>7 nja =774 w}dbn}d`t oljsdsqea lh onwdqn` ewejadqu}es }e`nqea ql qce wu}ocnses lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq nja qce oljsq}uoqdlj lh anqn oejqe}s*

Ocnjies dj }esq}doqea onsc nja aewlsdqs oljsubea !4 bd``dlj nja !?= bd``dlj lh onsc }e`nqea ql seou}dqt aewlsdqs dj suwwl}q lh }en` esqnqe ewnjsdlj dj =7>7 nja =774, }esweoqdxe`t* No~udsdqdljs,jeq lh onsc no~ud}ea, n`sl oljsubea !== bd``dlj lh onsc dj =7>7*

Ye njqdodwnqe bnfdji onwdqn` ewejadqu}es dj =7>= lh nww}ldbnqe`t !>*8 md``dlj ql !>*3 md``dlj, n wl}qdlj lh ycdoc ye yd`` hdjnjoe qc}luic ènsdji n}}njiebejqs*

59


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Onsc W}lxdaea mt Hdjnjodji Noqdxdqdes

Lu} hdjnjodji noqdxdqdes cnxe w}dbn}d`t oljsdsqea lh e~udqt dssunjoes, ènse hdjnjodji, nja aemq hdjnjodji* Jeq onsc w}lxdaea mt hdjnjodji noqdxdqdes yns !>,>43 bd``dlj, !93> bd``dlj, nja

!=1? bd``dlj, }esweoqdxe`t, hl} =7>>, =7>7, nja =774* Qcds djoùaes eoess qn mejehdqs h}lb sqlof nyn}a noqdxdqdes lh !1?? bd``dlj, !>>5 bd``dlj, nja !5> bd``dlj, }esweoqdxe`t*

Dj Knjun}t =7>>, ye olbwèqea nj lhhe}dji lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ql oe}qndj jlj"U*_* djxesql}s qcnq ieje}nqea !443 bd``dlj dj jeq w}loeeas* Dj Aeoebme} =7>7, ye olbwèqea nj

lhhe}dji lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof qcnq ieje}nqea !577 bd``dlj dj w}loeeas* Dj Bnt =774, ye olbwèqea nj lhhe}dji lh _e}des E w}ehe}}ea sqlof qcnq ieje}nqea !=77 bd``dlj dj w}loeeas*

Dj Bn}oc =7>7, ye ejqe}ea djql n o}eadq hnod`dqt ydqc oe}qndj èjae}s* Qcds hnod`dqt n``lyea hl} qce a}nyalyj lh uw ql !=57 bd``dlj dj ujseou}ea sejdl} `lnjs* Dj Nw}d` =7>7, ye a}ey alyj

qce hu`` nblujq nxnd`nmè ujae} qce hnod`dqt, nja dj Bn}oc =7>>, ye }ewnda qce ejqd}e !=57 bd``dlj mn`njoe*

Lhh"Mn`njoe _ceeq N}}njiebejqs

Ye ada jlq cnxe njt lhh"mn`njoe sceeq n}}njiebejqs dj =7>>, =7>7, l} =774*

Oljqdjiejodes

Ye n}e djxl`xea dj o`ndbs, `nysudqs, ilxe}jbejq djxesqdinqdljs, nja w}loeeadjis n}dsdji h}lb qce l}adjn}t olu}se lh lu} musdjess* Ye }eol}a n w}lxdsdlj hl} n `dnmd`dqt ycej ye me`dexe

qcnq dq ds mlqc w}lmnmè qcnq n `dnmd`dqt cns meej djou}}ea, nja qce nblujq onj me }ensljnm`t esqdbnqea* _dijdhdonjq kuaibejq ds }e~ud}ea ql aeqe}bdje mlqc w}lmnmd`dqt nja qce esqdbnqea nblujq*

_uoc èin` w}loeeadjis n}e djce}ejq`t ujw}eadoqnmè nja sumkeoq ql sdijdhdonjq ujoe}qndjqdes, slbe lh ycdoc n}e metlja lu} oljq}l`* _cluà njt lh qcese esqdbnqes nja nssubwqdljs ocnjie l}

w}lxe ql me djol}}eoq, dq oluà cnxe n bnqe}dn` dbwnoq lj lu} }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs, hdjnjodn` wlsdqdlj, nja onsc h`lys*

Olbbdqbejqs

Lu} w}djodwn` olbbdqbejqs oljsdsq lh lm`dinqdljs ujae} onwdqn` nja lwe}nqdji ènses hl} e~udwbejq nja lhhdoe nja anqn oejqe} hnod`dqdes* Qce hl``lydji qnmè subbn}d{es lu} olbbdqbejqs

ql seqqè oljq}noqun` lm`dinqdljs dj onsc ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

Qlqn`

Wntbejq Aue mt We}dla

@ess

qcnj

> Ten}

>"?

Ten}s

?"5

Ten}s

Bl}e

qcnj

5 Ten}s

Lwe}nqdji ense lm`dinqdljs ! 415 ! >37 ! =1? ! >49 ! ?=5

Onwdqn` ense lm`dinqdljs 3>9 ?== ??9 =3 >?7Lqce} oljq}noqun` olbbdqbejqs 577 157 =5 =5 ‑

Qlqn` oljq}noqun` lm`dinqdljs !=,=8= ! 45= ! 875 ! =57 ! 155

#>$ Lqce} oljq}noqun` olbbdqbejqs w}dbn}d`t }e`nqe ql e~udwbejq nja suww`des hl} lu} anqn oejqe} lwe}nqdljs, nja ql n èsse} eqejq, oljsq}uoqdlj lh lu} anqn oejqe} sdqes*

Dj naadqdlj, lu} lqce} `dnmd`dqdes djoùae !87 bd``dlj }e`nqea ql ujoe}qndj qn wlsdqdljs* Aue ql ujoe}qndjqdes dj qce qdbdji lh qce olbwèqdlj lh qn nuadqs, qce qdbdji lh qce }eslùqdlj lh

qcese wlsdqdljs ds ujoe}qndj nja ye n}e ujnmè ql bnfe n }ensljnm`t }e`dnmè esqdbnqe lh qce qdbdji lh wntbejqs dj djadxdaun` ten}s metlja >= bljqcs* Ns n }esu`q, qcds nblujq ds jlq djoùaea dj

qce nmlxe qnmè*

53

#>$


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

]eoejq Noolujqdji W}ljlujoebejqs

Olbw}ecejsdxe Djolbe

Dj Bnt =7>>, qce Hdjnjodn` Noolujqdji _qnjan}as Mln}a dssuea iudanjoe qcnq ocnjiea qce }e~ud}ebejq hl} w}esejqdji ‐Olbw}ecejsdxe Djolbe‒ dj qce oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs*

Qce uwanqe }e~ud}es nj ejqdqt ql w}esejq qce olbwljejqs lh lqce} olbw}ecejsdxe djolbe edqce} dj n sdjiè oljqdjulus sqnqebejq lh olbw}ecejsdxe djolbe l} dj qyl sewn}nqe muq oljseouqdxe

sqnqebejqs* Qce ou}}ejq`t nxnd`nmè lwqdlj ql adso`lse qce olbwljejqs lh lqce} olbw}ecejsdxe djolbe ydqcdj qce sqnqebejq lh sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt yd`` jl `ljie} me nxnd`nmè* Qce uwanqe ds

ehheoqdxe hl} hdson` ten}s, nja djqe}db we}dlas ydqcdj qclse ten}s, meidjjdji nhqe} Aeoebme} >5, =7>> nja scluà me nww`dea }eq}lsweoqdxe`t* Qce nalwqdlj lh qce sqnjan}a yd`` cnxe jl dbwnoq lj

lu} hdjnjodn` wlsdqdlj l} }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs, muq yd`` }esu`q dj n ocnjie dj qce w}esejqnqdlj lh lu} mnsdo oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs*

O}dqdon` Noolujqdji Wl`dodes nja Esqdbnqes

Lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs n}e w}ewn}ea dj nool}anjoe ydqc U*_* ieje}n``t nooewqea noolujqdji w}djodwès #INNW$* Qce w}ewn}nqdlj lh qcese oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs

}e~ud}es us ql bnfe esqdbnqes nja nssubwqdljs qcnq nhheoq qce }ewl}qea nblujqs lh nsseqs, `dnmd`dqdes, }exejue, olsqs nja ewejses, nja }e`nqea adso`lsu}es* Qcese esqdbnqes hl}b qce mnsds hl}

kuaibejqs ye bnfe nmluq qce on}}tdji xnùes lh lu} nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes, ycdoc n}e jlq }enad`t nwwn}ejq h}lb lqce} slu}oes* Ye mnse lu} esqdbnqes nja kuaibejqs lj cdsql}don` ewe}dejoe nja

lj xn}dlus lqce} nssubwqdljs qcnq ye me`dexe n}e }ensljnmè ujae} qce od}oubsqnjoes* Lj nj ljildji mnsds, ye exnùnqe lu} esqdbnqes nja nssubwqdljs* Lu} noqun` }esu`qs bnt adhhe} h}lb qcese

esqdbnqes ujae} adhhe}ejq nssubwqdljs l} oljadqdljs*

Ye me`dexe qcnq lh lu} sdijdhdonjq noolujqdji wl`dodes, ycdoc n}e aeso}dmea dj jlqe > ql lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs, qce hl``lydji noolujqdji wl`dodes djxl`xe n i}enqe} aei}ee lh

kuaibejq nja olbwèdqt* Nool}adji`t, qcese n}e qce wl`dodes ye me`dexe n}e qce blsq o}dqdon` ql nda dj hu``t ujae}sqnjadji nja exnùnqdji lu} hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj nja }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs*

]exejue ]eolijdqdlj hl} Wntbejqs nja Lqce} Hees

Ye ejnmè Wntbejqs h}lb lu} use}s ql lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s* Lu} use}s onj bnfe wntbejqs lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b mt usdji o}eadq on}as l} lqce} wntbejq beqclas nxnd`nmè lj lu}

yemsdqe* Qce w}dbn}t w}loess hl} qcese q}njsnoqdljs ds qc}luic qce wu}ocnse lh lu} xd}qun` ou}}ejot* Lu} use}s qcej use qcds xd}qun` ou}}ejot ql wu}ocnse xd}qun` nja adidqn` illas dj inbes nja

nwws h}lb aexe`lwe}s lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b* Uwlj qce djdqdn` snè lh qce xd}qun` ou}}ejot, ye }eol}a qce xnùe wu}ocnsea mt n use} ns aehe}}ea }exejue nja aewlsdqs*

Ycej n use} ejinies dj n wntbejq q}njsnoqdlj uqd`d{dji qce xd}qun` ou}}ejot hl} qce wu}ocnse lh n xd}qun` l} adidqn` illa h}lb n W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}, ye }eauoe qce xd}qun` ou}}ejot mn`njoe

lh qce use} mt qce w}doe lh qce wu}ocnse, ycdoc ds n w}doe qcnq ds slè`t aeqe}bdjea mt qce W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}* Ye }ebdq ql qce W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe} nj nblujq qcnq ds mnsea lj qce qlqn` nblujq lh

xd}qun` ou}}ejot }eaeebea èss qce w}loessdji hee qcnq ye ocn}ie qce W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe} hl} qce q}njsnoqdlj* Lu} }exejue ds qce jeq nblujq lh qce q}njsnoqdlj }ew}esejqdji lu} w}loessdji hee hl}

qce q}njsnoqdlj* Ye }eol}a }exejue lj n jeq mnsds ns ye al jlq oljsdae} lu}se`xes ql me qce w}djodwn` dj qce snè lh qce xd}qun` l} adidqn` illa ql qce use}* Ujae} INNW iudanjoe }e`nqea ql}ewl}qdji }exejue i}lss ns n w}djodwn` xe}sus jeq ns nj niejq, qce djadonql}s usea ql aeqe}bdje yceqce} nj ejqdqt ds n w}djodwn` l} nj niejq ql n q}njsnoqdlj n}e sumkeoq ql kuaibejq* Ye oljsdae}

lu}se`xes qce niejq ql qcese q}njsnoqdljs ycej ye nww`t qce djadonql}s ql lu} hnoqs* _cluà bnqe}dn` sumse~uejq ocnjies dj qce sumsqnjoe l} jnqu}e lh qce q}njsnoqdljs ydqc W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s

}esu`q dj us medji oljsdae}ea qce w}djodwn` dj suoc snès, ye yluà }ehèoq qce xd}qun` nja adidqn` illas snè ns }exejue nja qce nblujqs wnda ql qce W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ns nj nsslodnqea olsq* Qcds

yluà cnxe jl dbwnoq uwlj lu} lwe}nqdji djolbe, muq lu} }exejue nja nsslodnqea olsqs yluà djo}ense mt n sdbd`n} nblujq*

54


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Djolbe Qnes

Ye n}e sumkeoq ql djolbe qnes dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja jube}lus hl}edij ku}dsadoqdljs* _dijdhdonjq kuaibejq ds }e~ud}ea dj aeqe}bdjdji lu} w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes nja djolbe qn

nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes, djoùadji exnùnqdji ujoe}qndjqdes dj qce nww`donqdlj lh noolujqdji w}djodwès nja olbwè qn `nys*

Ye }eol}a n w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes hl} qce njqdodwnqea qn oljse~uejoes lh qce }ewl}qea }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs usdji qce nsseq nja `dnmd`dqt beqcla* Ujae} qcds beqcla, ye }eolijd{e

aehe}}ea qn nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes hl} qce eweoqea huqu}e qn oljse~uejoes lh qebwl}n}t adhhe}ejoes meqyeej qce hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji nja qn mnses lh nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes, ns ye`` ns hl} lwe}nqdji

`lss nja qn o}eadq on}}thl}yn}as* Aehe}}ea qn nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes n}e bensu}ea usdji qce qn }nqes qcnq n}e eweoqea ql nww`t ql qnnmè djolbe hl} qce ten}s dj ycdoc qclse qn nsseqs nja

`dnmd`dqdes n}e eweoqea ql me }en`d{ea l} seqqèa* Ye }eol}a n xnùnqdlj n``lynjoe ql }eauoe lu} aehe}}ea qn nsseqs ql qce jeq nblujq qcnq ye me`dexe ds bl}e `dfe`t qcnj jlq ql me }en`d{ea*

Ye }eolijd{e qn mejehdqs h}lb ujoe}qndj qn wlsdqdljs lj`t dh ye me`dexe qcnq dq ds bl}e `dfe`t qcnj jlq qcnq qce qn wlsdqdlj yd`` me susqndjea lj enbdjnqdlj mt qce qndji nuqcl}dqdes

mnsea lj qce qeocjdon` be}dqs lh qce wlsdqdlj* N`qcluic ye me`dexe qcnq ye cnxe nae~unqe`t }ese}xea hl} lu} ujoe}qndj qn wlsdqdljs, ye onj w}lxdae jl nssu}njoe qcnq qce hdjn` qn luqolbe lh

qcese bnqqe}s yd`` jlq me bnqe}dn``t adhhe}ejq* Ye bnfe nakusqbejqs ql qcese }ese}xes ycej hnoqs nja od}oubsqnjoes ocnjie, suoc ns qce o`lsdji lh n q n nuadq l} qce }ehdjebejq lh nj esqdbnqe* Ql

qce eqejq qcnq qce hdjn` qn luqolbe lh qcese bnqqe}s ds adhhe}ejq qcnj qce nblujqs }eol}aea, suoc adhhe}ejoes yd`` nhheoq qce w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes dj qce we}dla dj ycdoc suoc aeqe}bdjnqdlj

ds bnae nja oluà cnxe n bnqe}dn` dbwnoq lj lu} hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj nja lwe}nqdji }esu`qs* Qce w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes djoùaes qce ehheoqs lh njt }ese}xes qcnq ye me`dexe n}e nww}lw}dnqe, ns

ye`` ns qce }e`nqea jeq djqe}esq nja wejn`qdes*

_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj

Lxe}xdey

Ye cnxe i}njqea ]_Us ql lu} ebw`ltees nja bebme}s lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* W}e"=7>> ]_Us xesq uwlj qce snqdshnoqdlj lh mlqc n se}xdoe oljadqdlj nja n `d~udadqt oljadqdlj* Qce

se}xdoe oljadqdlj hl} qce bnkl}dqt lh qcese nyn}as ds snqdshdea lxe} hlu} ten}s* Qce `d~udadqt oljadqdlj ds snqdshdea uwlj qce loou}}ejoe lh n ~un`dhtdji exejq, aehdjea ns n ocnjie lh oljq}l`

q}njsnoqdlj l} sd bljqcs hl``lydji qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh nj djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Ujae} qce qe}bs lh lu} =775 _qlof W`nj, qce scn}es ujae}`tdji ]_Us qcnq snqdsht mlqc lh qcese oljadqdljs n}e ql

me ae`dxe}ea ql clàe}s sd bljqcs hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us n}e jlq sumkeoq ql n `d~udadqt oljadqdlj dj l}ae} ql xesq* Qce bnkl}dqt lh Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us n}e en}jea lxe} n se}xdoe we}dla lh hlu} l} hdxe ten}s*

_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj Ewejse

Ye noolujq hl} scn}e"mnsea ebw`ltee olbwejsnqdlj w`njs ujae} qce hnd} xnùe }eolijdqdlj nja bensu}ebejq w}lxdsdljs dj nool}anjoe ydqc nww`donmè noolujqdji sqnjan}as, ycdoc }e~ud}e

n`` scn}e"mnsea wntbejqs ql ebw`ltees, djoùadji i}njqs lh sqlof lwqdljs nja ]_Us, ql me bensu}ea mnsea lj qce i}njq"anqe hnd} xnùe lh qce nyn}as*

_cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ds }eol}aea jeq lh esqdbnqea hl}hedqu}es dj lu} oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe nja ns suoc ds }eol}aea hl} lj`t qclse scn}e"mnsea nyn}as qcnq ye

eweoq ql xesq* Ye esqdbnqe qce hl}hedqu}e }nqe mnsea lj cdsql}don` hl }hedqu}es lh e~udqt nyn}as nja nakusq qce }nqe ql }ehèoq ocnjies dj hnoqs nja od}oubsqnjoes, dh njt* Ye yd`` }exdse lu} esqdbnqea

hl}hedqu}e }nqe dh noqun` hl}hedqu}es adhhe} h}lb lu} djdqdn` esqdbnqes* Ye }eol}a scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse hl} se}xdoe"mnsea e~udqt nyn}as suoc ns sqlof lwqdljs, }esq}doqea scn}es, nja

Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us usdji qce sq}ndicq" dje nqq}dmuqdlj beqcla lxe} qce we}dla au}dji ycdoc qce ebw`ltee ds }e~ud}ea ql we}hl}b se}xdoe dj eocnjie hl} qce nyn}a* Ye }eol}a scn}e"mnsea

olbwejsnqdlj ewejse hl} we}hl}bnjoe"mnsea e~udqt nyn}as suoc ns W}e"=7>> ]_Us usdji qce nooeè}nqea nqq}dmuqdlj beqcla lxe} qce xesqdji qe}b, ljoe qce `d~udadqt oljadqdlj cns meej

snqdshdea*

87


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ye cnxe cdsql}don``t dssuea ujxesqea }esq}doqea scn}es ql ebw`ltee sqlofclàe}s lh oe}qndj no~ud}ea olbwnjdes* Ns qcese nyn}as n}e ieje}n``t sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea wlsq"no~udsdqdlj

ebw`ltbejq, ye cnxe noolujqea hl} qceb ns wlsq"no~udsdqdlj scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse* Ye }eolijd{e olbwejsnqdlj ewejse e~un` ql qce i}njq anqe hnd} xnùe lh qce olbblj sqlof lj n

sq}ndicq"`dje mnsds lxe} qce ebw`ltee—s }e~ud}ea se}xdoe we}dla, jeq lh esqdbnqea hl}hedqu}es*

Ye onwdqn`d{e scn}e"mnsea ebw`ltee olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ycej nww}lw}dnqe* Onwdqn`d{ea scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse yns jlq bnqe}dn` dj qce qc}ee ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>>*

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, jl scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse cna meej }eolijd{ea hl} W}e"=7>> ]_Us meonuse qce ~un`dhtdji exejqs aeso}dmea nmlxe cna jlq loou}}ea* Dj qce ~un}qe}

dj ycdoc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji ds olbwèqea, ye yd`` meidj }eol}adji scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse usdji qce nooeè}nqea nqq}dmuqdlj beqcla jeq lh hl}hedqu}es mnsea lj qce i}njq anqe hnd}

xnùe lh qce W}e"=7>> ]_Us*

Qce hl``lydji qnmè subbn}d{es, lj n w}l hl}bn mnsds, qce scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse }e`nqea ql W}e"=7>> ]_Us qcnq ye yluà cnxe djou}}ea, nssubdji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji

cna loou}}ea lj Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

‐Xesqea‒ W}e"=7>> ]_Us

ns lh Aeo ?>, =7>>

‐Ujxesqea‒ W}e"=7>> ]_Us

ns lh Aeo ?>, =7>>

W}l Hl}bn _cn}e"mnsea

Olbwejsnqdlj Ewejse

#dj qclusnjas$ #dj bd``dljs$

==1,19> >7>,4=4 !483 #>$ Hl} wu}wlses lh qcds qnmè, ‐Xesqea‒ ]_Us djoùae qclse ]_Us hl} ycdoc qce se}xdoe oljadqdlj cna meej hu`hd`èa ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

#=$ Hl} wu}wlses lh qcds qnmè, ‐Ujxesqea‒ ]_Us djoùae qclse ]_Us hl} ycdoc qce se}xdoe oljadqdlj cna jlq meej hu`hd`èa ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> nja eoùae nj esqdbnqe lh hl}hedqea ]_Us*

Qcds qnmè ds mnsea lj W}e"=7>> ]_Us luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> nja ds djqejaea ql me d`ùsq}nqdxe lj`t* Qce noqun` qdbdji lh olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ye yd`` }eolijd{e }e`nqea ql

luqsqnjadji W}e"=7>> ]_U nyn}as yd`` aeweja lj qce anqe lh qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Qce noqun` nblujq lh olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ye yd`` djou} yd`` xn}t meonuse qce se}xdoe

oljadqdlj lh naadqdljn` ]_Us yd`` me hu`hd`èa meqyeej Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> nja qce o`lsdji anqe lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Ye esqdbnqe qcnq qce }ebndjdji uj}eolijd{ea scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse }e`nqdji ql W}e"=7>> ]_Us yluà me nww}ldbnqe`t !=?4 bd``dlj, nhqe} idxdji ehheoq ql esqdbnqea

hl}hedqu}es nja yluà me }eolijd{ea dj =7>= nja qce}enhqe} ns sclyj lj qce qnmè me`ly, dh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji cna loou}}ea lj Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

Dj naadqdlj, ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cna 5= bd``dlj Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us luqsqnjadji* Hl} qcese Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us, !>34 bd``dlj dj ewejse yns }eolijd{ea dj =7>> nja, nhqe} idxdji ehheoq

ql esqdbnqea hl}hedqu}es, n }ebndjdji !>,>34 bd``dlj yd`` me }eolijd{ea dj =7>= nja qce}enhqe} ns sclyj dj qce qnmè me`ly* Qcds qnmè esqdbnqes huqu}e scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse }e`nqeaql n`` luqsqnjadji e~udqt i}njqs, oljsdsqdji lh ]_Us, }esq}doqea scn}es, nja sqlof lwqdljs qc}luic Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Qce qnmè ales jlq qnfe djql noolujq njt scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse

}e`nqea ql huqu}e nyn}as qcnq bnt me i}njqea ql ebw`ltees, ad}eoql}s, l} lqce} se}xdoe w}lxdae}s* Naadqdljn``t, qce nblujqs dj qce qnmè djoùae nj esqdbnqe lh ujxesqea nyn}as qcnq bnt me

hl}hedqea dj huqu}e we}dlas aue ql qce aewn}qu}e lh ebw`ltees l} ad}eoql}s* Lu} hl}hedqu}e esqdbnqes n}e sumkeoq ql nakusqbejq mnsea lj noqun` ewe}dejoe*

=7>= =7>? =7>1 =7>5 Metlja =7>5

#dj bd``dljs$

W}e"=7>> ]_Us !>1? ! 8? ! =? ! 8 ! 1

Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us =33 =4> =43 =1> 9>

]esq}doqea scn}es >1 >> >7 ? ‑

_qlof lwqdljs 9 9 5 1 8

Qlqn` !15= !?9= !??8 !=51 ! 3>

#>$ Nssubes lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji yns olbwèqea lj Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

8>

#>$ #=$

#>$


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ye esqdbnqea qce hnd} xnùe lh sqlof lwqdlj nyn}as djoùaea dj qce qnmè nmlxe usdji qce M`nof"_oclès"Be}qlj sdjiè lwqdlj"xnùnqdlj blae`, ycdoc }e~ud}es djwuqs suoc ns eweoqea

qe}b, eweoqea xl`nqd`dqt, nja }dsf"h}ee djqe}esq }nqe* Qce esqdbnqea hl}hedqu}e }nqe lh sqlof lwqdlj nyn}as n`sl nhheoqs qce nblujq lh nii}einqe olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ye yd`` djou}* Qcese djwuqs

n}e sumkeoqdxe nja ieje}n``t }e~ud}e sdijdhdonjq njn`tsds nja kuaibejq ql aexe`lw*

Ye esqdbnqe qce eweoqea qe}b hl} sqlof lwqdlj nyn}as mnsea uwlj qce cdsql}don` mecnxdl} lh lu} ebw`ltees* Qce eweoqea xl`nqd`dqt ds mnsea lj n squat lh wum`do`t q}naea djausq}t wee}

olbwnjdes* Qce hl}hedqu}e }nqe ds ae}dxea w}dbn}d`t h}lb lu} cdsql}don` anqn, nja qce }dsf"h}ee djqe}esq }nqe ds mnsea lj qce tdeà nxnd`nmè lj U*_* Q}ensu}t {e}l"oluwlj dssues* Lu} adxdaeja tdeà

ds 7%, sdjoe ye cnxe jlq wnda, nja al jlq eweoq ql wnt, adxdaejas*

Ye esqdbnqea qce hnd} xnùe lh ebw`ltee sqlof lwqdljs i}njqea dj =774 nja =7>7 ns lh qce anqe lh qce i}njq usdji qce hl``lydji yedicqea"nxe}nie nssubwqdljs;


=774 =7>7

Eweoqea qe}b h}lb i}njq anqe #dj ten}s$ 5*71 9*>5

]dsf"h}ee djqe}esq }nqe =*7>% >*84%

Eweoqea xl`nqd`dqt 7*59 7*18

Adxdaeja tdeà ‑ ‑

Qce yedicqea"nxe}nie i}njq anqe hnd} xnùe lh ebw`ltee sqlof lwqdljs i}njqea au}dji =774 nja =7>7 yns !>*>= nja !5*=8, }esweoqdxe`t, we} scn}e* Ye ada jlq i}njq njt sqlof lwqdljs dj

=7>>*

Qn Ydqcclàdji nja ]ebdqqnjoe Lm`dinqdljs

Ye esqdbnqe qcnq nww}ldbnqe`t scn}es ujae}`tdji W}e"=7>> ]_Us yd`` seqqè nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Dj naadqdlj, ye esqdbnqe qcnq nj naadqdljn`

bd``dlj W}e"=7>> ]_Us yd`` seqqè hl``lydji suoc anqe qc}luic qce eja lh =7>=* Ye esqdbnqe qcnq nj nii}einqe lh bd``dlj W}e"=7>> ]_Us nja Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us yd`` seqqè dj =7>?*

]_U clàe}s ieje}n``t yd`` }eolijd{e qnnmè djolbe mnsea uwlj qce xnùe lh qce scn}es lj qce anqe qcet n}e seqqèa nja ye n}e }e~ud}ea ql ydqcclà qnes lj suoc xnùe nq nww`donmè

bdjdbub sqnquql}t }nqes* Ye ou}}ejq t eweoq qcnq qce nxe}nie lh qcese ydqccl adji }nqes yd`` me nww}ldbnqe`t 15%* Hl} naadqdljn` djhl}bnqdlj lj lu} qn ydqcclàdji nja }ebdqqnjoe

lm`dinqdljs }e`nqea ql ]_U xesqdji, see ‐‑@d~udadqt nja Onwdqn` ]eslu}oes‒ nmlxe*

Ol}wl}nqe Djolbe Qnes

Qce ]_U noqdxdqt adsoussea nmlxe, ns ye`` ns noqdxdqt h}lb lqce} e~udqt nyn}as djoùadji sqlof lwqdljs, yd`` n`sl cnxe ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn ehheoqs* Qce blsq sdijdhdonjq ehheoq ds qcnq qceseqqèbejq lh nyn}as l} ee}odse lh jljsqnquql}t sqlof lwqdljs ieje}nqes n ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn aeauoqdlj qcnq yd`` }eauoe lu} U*_* ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn `dnmd`dqt* Qce ee}odse lh djoejqdxe sqlof

lwqdljs #D_Ls$ bnt n`sl }esu`q dj n ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn aeauoqdlj, muq lj`t dj oe}qndj od}oubsqnjoes yce}e qce clàe} lh qce D_Ls n`sl se``s qce no~ud}ea scn}es dj n ads~un`dhtdji adswlsdqdlj*

Qce nblujq lh qcds ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn aeauoqdlj yd`` me mnsea lj qce xnùe lh scn}es nq qce ee}odse l} seqqèbejq anqe, ycdoc adhhe}s h}lb qce xnùe lh qce scn}es nq qce i}njq anqe qcnq ds usea

ql aeqe}bdje qce scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse* Aewejadji lj qce xnùe lh qce scn}es lj qce anqe qce e~udqt nyn}as n}e seqqèa l} lwqdljs n}e ee}odsea, ye oluà ieje}nqe n ol}wl}nqe djolbe

qn aeauoqdlj qcnq eoeeas lu} lqce} U*_* qnnmè djolbe dj qcnq ten}, ycdoc yluà }esu`q dj n qnnmè `lss hl} U*_* ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn wu}wlses qcnq }eauoes lu} U*_* ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn

`dnmd`dqt ql nj dbbnqe}dn` nblujq hl} qcnq ten}* Dj =7>=, ye eweoq ql seqqè nww}ldbnqe`t bd``dlj ]_Us* Dj naadqdlj, ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cna xesqea jljsqnquql}t lwqdljs

luqsqnjadji ql wu}ocnse nww}ldbnqe`t >39 bd``dlj scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof* Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye n`sl cna xesqea D_Ls luqsqnjadji ql wu}ocnse nww}ldbnqe`t 53 bd``dlj

scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof, muq idxej qce ujoe}qndjqt dj w}eadoqdji yceqce} qce D_L clàe}s yd`` ocllse ql bnfe ads~un`dhtdji

8=


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

adswlsdqdljs, ye n}e nssubdji qcnq jl ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn aeauoqdljs yd`` me ieje}nqea mt qcese D_Ls* Nssubdji n`` lh qcese xesqea jljsqnquql}t sqlof lwqdljs n}e ee}odsea au}dji =7>= nja

nssubdji qce xnùe lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof nq seqqèbejq l} uwlj ee}odse ds qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, ye esqdbnqe qcnq qcds seqqèbejq nja lwqdlj

ee}odse noqdxdqt yluà ieje}nqe n ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn aeauoqdlj lh nww}ldbnqe`t ! md``dlj ql ! md``dlj* Qce nblujq qcnq qcds aeauoqdlj eoeeas lu} lqce} U*_* qnnmè djolbe yd`` }esu`q dj

n jeq lwe}nqdji `lss #JL@$ qcnq onj me on}}dea mnof ql qce w}eoeadji qyl ten}s ql lhhseq lu} qnnmè djolbe hl} U*_* heae}n` djolbe qn wu}wlses, ns ye`` ns dj slbe sqnqes, ycdoc yluà n``ly us

ql }eoedxe n }ehuja lh slbe lh qce ol}wl}nqe djolbe qnes ye wnda dj qclse ten}s* Mnsea lj qce nssubwqdljs nmlxe, ye njqdodwnqe qcnq qcds }ehuja oluà me uw ql !577 bd``dlj nja wntnmè ql us

au}dji qce hd}sq sd bljqcs lh =7>?* Njt wl}qdlj lh qce JL@ }ebndjdji nhqe} qcds on}}tmnof yluà me on}}dea hl}yn}a ql lhhseq lu} lqce} U*_* qnnmè djolbe ieje}nqea dj huqu}e ten}s, ycdoc

qnnmè djolbe yd`` n`sl me }eauoea mt aeauoqdljs ieje}nqea h}lb jey sqlof nyn}a seqqèbejq nja sqlof lwqdlj ee}odse noqdxdqt loou}}dji dj qclse huqu}e ten}s*

Uqd`d{nqdlj lh lu} JL@ on}}thl}yn}as bnt me sumkeoq ql njjun` `dbdqnqdljs aue ql qce lyje}scdw ocnjie `dbdqnqdljs w}lxdaea mt qce Djqe}jn` ]exejue Olae nja sdbd`n} sqnqe w}lxdsdljs*

_uoc njjun` `dbdqnqdljs oluà }esu`q dj qce ewd}nqdlj lh qce JL@ on}}thl}yn}as mehl}e qced} uqd`d{nqdlj* Qce exejqs qcnq bnt onuse lyje}scdw ocnjies djoùae, muq n}e jlq `dbdqea ql, n oubu`nqdxe

sqlof lyje}scdw ocnjie lh i}enqe} qcnj 57% lxe} n qc}ee"ten} we}dla*

Qce ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn aeauoqdljs ieje}nqea mt qcds seqqèbejq nja ee}odse noqdxdqt aeso}dmea nmlxe al jlq }eauoe lu} ehheoqdxe qn }nqe }ehèoqea dj lu} oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh

djolbe* Lu} w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes }ehèoqs qce qn mejehdqs qcnq n}e }eol}aea nq qce qdbe qce scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ds djdqdn``t }eolijd{ea ns nj ewejse, ycdoc ds mnsea lj qce hnd} xnùe

lh scn}es nq i}njq anqe, nja ds adhhe}ejq qcnj qce ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn aeauoqdlj, ycdoc ds mnsea lj qce xnùe lh scn}es nq seqqèbejq l} nq ee}odse* Dh qce }eauoqdlj dj lu} ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn

`dnmd`dqt h}lb seqqèbejqs nja ee}odses ds i}enqe} qcnj qce qn mejehdqs qcnq ye }eolijd{ea ycej qce scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse yns djdqdn``t }eol}aea, ycdoc yd`` ieje}n``t loou} dh lu}

scn}e w}doe cns nww}eodnqea meqyeej i}njq anqe nja seqqèbejq l} ee}odse anqe, qcds yd`` o}enqe nj ‐eoess qn mejehdq‒ qcnq ds }eol}aea ns n olbwljejq lh naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn` nja jlq ns n

}eauoqdlj lh lu} w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes dj lu} oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe* Qce qdbdji dj ycdoc qcese eoess qn mejehdqs n}e }ehèoqea lj lu} mn`njoe sceeq ieje}n``t bnqoces qce

qdbdji dj ycdoc qce }eauoqdlj dj w}dl} l} huqu}e djolbe qn `dnmd`dqt loou}s* Qcus, dh ye cnxe qcese qtwes lh JL@s }ebndjdji nhqe} njt on}}tmnof o`ndbs, ye yluà jlq }eol}a n aehe}}ea qn nsseq

hl} suoc JL@s, muq }nqce} ye yluà }eol}a nj nakusqbejq ql naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn` nja n }eauoqdlj ql lu} ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn `dnmd`dqt au}dji qce we}dla dj ycdoc qclse JL@s n}e usea ql

}eauoe lu} ol}wl}nqe djolbe qn `dnmd`dqt* Qcese eoess qn mejehdqs yluà me }eol}aea dj lu} sqnqebejqs lh onsc h`lys ns onsc w}lxdaea mt hdjnjodji noqdxdqdes*

Xn unqdlj lh Lu} Olbblj _qlof

Qce xnùnqdljs lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ye}e aeqe}bdjea dj nool}anjoe ydqc qce iudae`djes luq`djea dj qce Nbe}donj Djsqdquqe lh Oe}qdhdea Wum`do Noolujqnjqs W}noqdoe Nda,

Xnùnqdlj lh W}dxnqe`t"Ceà"Olbwnjt E~udqt _eou}dqdes Dssuea ns Olbwejsnqdlj* Ye oljsdae}ea jube}lus lmkeoqdxe nja sumkeoqdxe hnoql}s ql aeqe}bdje lu} mesq esqdbnqe lh qce hnd} xnùe lh lu}

O`nss M olbblj sqlof, djoùadji muq jlq `dbdqea ql, qce hl``lydji hnoql}s;

• }eoejq w}dxnqe sqlof snè q}njsnoqdljs6

• lu} cdsql}don` hdjnjodn` }esu`qs nja esqdbnqea q}ejas nja w}lsweoqs hl} lu} huqu}e hdjnjodn` we}hl}bnjoe6

• lu} we}hl}bnjoe nja bn}feq wlsdqdlj }e`nqdxe ql lu} olbweqdql}s njal} sdbd`n} wum`do`t q}naea olbwnjdes6

• qce eoljlbdo nja olbweqdqdxe ejxd}ljbejq, djoùadji qce djausq}t dj ycdoc ye lwe}nqe6 nja

• djaewejaejq qcd}a"wn}qt xnùnqdljs olbwèqea ns lh qce eja lh enoc ~un}qe}*

8?


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ye cnxe i}njqea qce hl``lydji ]_Us sdjoe Knjun}t >, =7>>;

I}njq Anqe

_cn}es

Ujae}`tdji

]_Us

I}njq Anqe

Hnd} Xnùe

Nii}einqe

I}njq Anqe

Hnd} Xnùe

#qclusnjas$ #bd``dljs$

Hd}sq ûn}qe}

Hem}un}t >8, =7>> =,7== ! =1*>7 ! 14

Bn}oc =5, =7>> 17,778 =5*1? >,7>9

_eolja un}qe}

Bnt >>, =7>> =,537 =9*53 9>Kuje 8, =7>> >,81? =3*33 19

Kuje ==, =7>> >,7>7 =4*89 ?7

Qcd}a un}qe}

Ku`t =>, =7>> =,343 ?7*79 39

_ewqebme} >, =7>> >,1=8 ?7*79 1?

_ewqebme} 8, =7>> =7 ?7*79 >

_ewqebme} ==, =7>> >,814 ?7*79 57

Hlu}qc un}qe}

Jlxebme} >>, =7>> 897 =4*4> =7

Aeoebme} ==, =7>> >,=7= =4*98 ?8

Ye oljauoqea xnùnqdljs lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns lh qce eja lh enoc ~un}qe}* Qce xnùnqdljs qllf djql noolujq qce hnoql}s aeso}dmea nmlxe nja usea n olbmdjnqdlj lh hdjnjodn` nja

bn}feq"mnsea beqclal`lides ql aeqe}bdje lu} musdjess ejqe}w}dse xnùe #MEX$ djoùadji qce hl``lydji nww}lnoces;

• Adsolujqea Onsc H`ly Beqcla #AOHB$* AOHB djxl`xes esqdbnqdji qce huqu}e onsc h`lys lh n musdjess hl} n oe}qndj adso}eqe we}dla nja adsolujqdji suoc onsc h`lys ql w}esejq

xnùe* Dh qce onsc h`lys n}e eweoqea ql oljqdjue metlja qce a dso}eqe qdbe we}dla, qcej n qe}bdjn` xnùe lh qce musdjess ds esqdbnqea nja adsolujqea ql w}esejq xnùe* Qce adsolujq

}nqe }ehèoqs qce }dsfs djce}ejq dj qce onsc h`lys nja qce bn}feq }nqes lh }equ}j nxnd`nmè h}lb n`qe}jnqdxe djxesqbejqs lh sdbd`n} qtwe nja ~un`dqt ns lh qce xnùnqdlj anqe*

• Iudae`dje Wum`do Olbwnjt Beqcla #IWOB$* IWOB nssubes qcnq musdjesses lwe}nqdji dj qce snbe djausq}t yd`` scn}e sdbd`n} ocn}noqe}dsqdos nja qcnq qce sumkeoq musdjess—s xnùe

yd`` ol}}e`nqe ql qclse ocn}noqe}dsqdos* Qce}ehl}e, n olbwn}dslj lh qce sumkeoq musdjess ql sdbd`n} musdjesses yclse hdjnjodn` djhl}bnqdlj nja wum`do bn}feq xnùe n}e nxnd`nmè bnt

w}lxdae n }ensljnmè mnsds ql esqdbnqe qce sumkeoq musdjess—s xnùe* Qce IWOB w}lxdaes nj esqdbnqe lh xnùe usdji bu`qdwès ae}dxea h}lb qce sqlof w}does lh wum`do`t q}naea

olbwnjdes* Dj seèoqdji iudae`dje wum`do olbwnjdes hl} qcds njn`tsds, ye hlousea w}dbn}d`t lj ~unjqdqnqdxe oljsdae}nqdljs, suoc ns hdjnjodn` we}hl}bnjoe nja lqce} ~unjqdhdnmè

anqn, ns ye`` ns ~un`dqnqdxe oljsdae}nqdljs, suoc ns djausq}t nja eoljlbdo a}dxe}s*

• Bn}feq Q}njsnoqdlj Beqcla #BQB$* BQB oljsdae}s q}njsnoqdljs dj qce e~udqt seou}dqdes lh qce musdjess medji xnùea* Au}dji =7>>, qce}e ye}e w}dxnqe sqlof snè q}njsnoqdljs dj

lu} olbblj sqlof* Qcese q}njsnoqdljs n}e oljsdae}ea dh qcet loou} ydqc l} nblji yd``dji nja uj}e`nqea wn}qdes* Hl} lu} BQB esqdbnqes, ye exnùnqe n`` q}njsnoqdljs dj qce ~un}qe}

ydqc wn}qdou`n} hlous lj q}njsnoqdljs qcnq n}e o`lse} dj w}ldbdqt ql qce xnùnqdlj anqe* Ye ocllse qce yedicqdji hl} qce BQB enoc ~un}qe} mnsea lj hnoql}s suoc ns qce xl ùbe lh

q}njsnoqdljs dj enoc we}dla, qce qdbdji lh qcese q}njsnoqdljs, nja yceqce} qce q}njsnoqdljs djxl`xea djxesql}s ydqc nooess ql lu} hdjnjodn` djhl}bnqdlj*

Ye we}hl}bea n`` qc}ee beqclal`lides hl} enoc ~un}qe}, nja yedicqea qce beqclal`lides mnsea lj qce hnoqs nja od}oubsqnjoes dj qce ~un}qe}* Lu} djadonqea MEX nq enoc xnùnqdlj anqe

yns qcej n``lonqea ql qce scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof, olbblj sqlof, yn}}njqs, lwqdljs, nja ]_Us, usdji qce lwqdlj w}dodji beqcla #LWB$*

81


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Hd}sq ûn}qe} =7>>

Ye aeqe}bdjea qce hnd} xnùe lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql me !=5*51 we} scn}e ns lh Bn}oc ?>, =7>>* Ye inxe qce i}enqesq yedicq ql qce BQB aue ql qce sdijdhdonjq xlùbe lh

qcd}a"wn}qt w}dxnqe sqlof snè q}njsnoqdljs dj Bn}oc =7>>, djoùadji n qcd}a"wn}qt O`nss M olbblj sqlof qejae} lhhe} q}njsnoqdlj hl} ebw`ltee scn}es hl} !=5*77 we} scn}e ycdoc meonbe mdjadji

uwlj qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s lj Bn}oc =4* Qce qejae} lhhe} yns ujae}qnfej mt djxesql}s ycl cna nooess ql lu} cdsql}don` hdjnjodn` djhl}bnqdlj* Qce IWOB nja AOHB ye}e n`sl uqd`d{ea ql

aeqe}bdje hnd} xnùe* Qce IWOB }ehèoqea qce sqlof w}does nja bn}feq bu`qdwès lh iudae`dje wum`do olbwnjdes* Qce AOHB yns mnsea lj n yedicqea nxe}nie olsq lh onwdqn` lh >5% nja n

we}wequn` i}lyqc }nqe lh 5%* Qce MEX }esu`qdji h}lb qcds njn`tsds yns qcej n``lonqea usdji qce LWB nja n 9*5% bn}feqnmd`dqt adsolujq yns nww`dea*

_eolja ûn}qe} =7>>

Ye aeqe}bdjea qce hnd} xnùe lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql me !?7*79 we} scn}e ns lh Kuje ?7, =7>>* Ye inxe qce i}enqesq yedicq ql qce BQB aue ql qce sdijdhdonjq xlùbe lh

qcd}a"wn}qt w}dxnqe sqlof snè q}njsnoqdljs dj Kuje =7>>, djoùadji q}njsnoqdljs djxl`xdji djxesql}s ycl cna nooess ql lu} cdsql}don` hdjnjodn` djhl}bnqdlj* Qce IWOB nja AOHB ye}e n`sluqd`d{ea ql aeqe}bdje hnd} xnùe* Dj qcds we}dla, ye naaea oe}qndj Djqe}jeq olbwnjdes qcnq cna }eoejq`t olbwèqea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}djis ql lu} seq lh iudae`dje wum`do olbwnjdes hl} use dj

esqdbnqdji qce IWOB* Qce AOHB yns mnsea lj n yedicqea nxe}nie olsq lh onwdqn` lh >5% nja n we}wequn` i}lyqc }nqe lh 5%* Qce MEX }esu`qdji h}lb qcds njn`tsds yns qcej n``lonqea usdji qce

LWB nja n 8*5% bn}feqnmd`dqt adsolujq yns nww`dea* _dijdhdonjq hnoql}s djhùejodji qce ocnjie dj xnùnqdlj }e`nqdxe ql qce w}dl} ~un}qe} djoùaea qce hl}eildji w}dxnqe sqlof snè q}njsnoqdljs nja

qce naadqdlj ql lu} seq lh iudae`dje wum`do olbwnjdes lh jey`t wum`do olbwnjdes yclse xnùnqdlj bu`qdwès ye}e }e`nqdxe`t cdice} qcnj lqce}s dj qce olbwn}dslj i}luw*

Qcd}a ûn}qe} =7>>

Ye aeqe}bdjea qce hnd} xnùe lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql me !?7*79 we} scn}e ns lh _ewqebme} ?7, =7>>* Ye usea n olbmdjnqdlj lh qce IWOB, qce AOHB, nja qce BQB ql

aeqe}bdje MEX* Qce AOHB yns yedicqea blsq cenxd`t dj qcds xnùnqdlj sdjoe ye cna }eoejq`t uwanqea lu} hdjnjodn` w`nj* Qce MEX }esu`qdji h}lb qcds njn`tsds yns qcej n``lonqea usdji qce

LWB nja n 8*7% bn}feqnmd`dqt adsolujq yns nww`dea* ]e`nqdxe ql qce hd}sq nja seolja ~un}qe}s, dj qce qcd}a ~un}qe} ye w`noea n `lye} yedicqdji lj qce BQB aue ql qce `lye} lxe}n`` xlùbe lh

qcd}a"wn}qt w}dxnqe sqlof snè q}njsnoqdljs loou}}dji dj w}ldbdqt ql qce xnùnqdlj anqe nja qce `nof lh sdijdhdonjq q }njsnoqdljs ydqc djxesql}s qcnq cna nooess ql lu} hdjnjodn` djhl}bnqdlj*

Hlu}qc ûn}qe} =7>>

Ye aeqe}bdjea qce hnd} xnùe lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql me !=4*9? we} scn}e ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Ye inxe qce i}enqesq yedicq ql qce BQB aue ql qce sdijdhdonjq xlùbe lh

qcd}a"wn}qt w}dxnqe sqlof snè q}njsnoqdljs dj Aeoebme} =7>>, djoùadji q}njsnoqdljs djxl`xdji djxesql}s ycl cna nooess ql lu} cdsql}don` hdjnjodn` djhl}bnqdlj* Qce IWOB nja AOHB ye}e n`sl

uqd`d{ea ql aeqe}bdje hnd} xnùe* Dj qcds we}dla, ye djoùaea naadqdljn` Djqe}jeq olbwnjdes qcnq cna }eoejq`t olbwèqea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}djis ql lu} seq lh iudae`dje wum`do olbwnjdes hl} use dj

esqdbnqdji qce IWOB* Qce AOHB yns mnsea lj n yedicqea nxe}nie olsq lh onwdqn` lh >5% nja n we}wequn` i}lyqc }nqe lh 5%* Qce MEX }esu`qdji h}lb qcds njn`tsds yns qcej n``lonqea usdji qce

LWB nja n 5*5% bn}feqnmd`dqt adsolujq yns nww`dea* Qce w}dbn}t hnoql} djhùejodji qce ocnjie dj xnùnqdlj }e`nqdxe ql qce w}dl} ~un}qe} yns qce hl}eildji w}dxnqe sqlof snè q}njsnoqdljs*

85


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

ûn`dqnqdxe nja unjqdqnqdxe Adso`lsu}es nmluq Bn}feq ]dsf

Ye n}e ewlsea ql bn}feq }dsf, djoùadji ocnjies ql djqe}esq }nqes, hl}edij ou}}ejot eocnjie }nqes nja djh`nqdlj*

Hl}edij Ou}}ejot Eocnjie ]dsf

Djqe}jnqdljn` }exejue ns n we}oejqnie lh }exejue yns ??%, ?3%, nja 11% dj =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, }esweoqdxe`t* Ye cnxe hl}edij ou}}ejot }dsfs }e`nqea ql lu} }exejue nja lwe}nqdji

ewejses aejlbdjnqea dj ou}}ejodes lqce} qcnj qce U*_* al``n}, w}dbn}d`t qce Eu}l* Dj ieje}n`, ye n}e n jeq }eoedxe} lh ou}}ejodes lqce} qcnj qce U*_* al``n}* Nool}adji`t, ocnjies dj eocnjie

}nqes, nja dj wn}qdou`n} n sq}ejiqcejdji lh qce U*_* al``n}, yd`` jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu} }exejue nja lqce} lwe}nqdji }esu`qs ns ew}essea dj U*_* al``n}s*

Ye cnxe ewe}dejoea nja yd`` oljqdjue ql ewe}dejoe hùoqunqdljs dj lu} jeq djolbe ns n }esu`q lh q}njsnoqdlj indjs l} `lsses }e`nqea ql }exnùdji oe}qndj ou}}ejq nsseq nja ou}}ejq `dnmd`dqt

mn`njoes qcnq n}e aejlbdjnqea dj ou}}ejodes lqce} qcnj qce hujoqdljn` ou}}ejot lh qce ejqdqdes dj ycdoc qcet n}e }eol}aea* Ye }eolijd{ea n hl}edij ou}}ejot `lss lh !=4 bd``dlj dj =7>>* Hl}edijou}}ejot `lsses ye}e jlq sdijdhdonjq dj =774 l} =7>7* Nq qcds qdbe ye al jlq, muq ye bnt dj qce huqu}e, ejqe} djql ae}dxnqdxes l} lqce} hdjnjodn` djsq}ubejqs dj nj nqqebwq ql ceaie lu} hl}edij

ou}}ejot eocnjie }dsf* Dq ds adhhdou`q ql w}eadoq qce dbwnoq ceaidji noqdxdqdes yluà cnxe lj lu} }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs*

Djqe}esq ]nqe _ejsdqdxdqt

Lu} onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjqs nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes oljsdsq lh onsc, oe}qdhdonqes lh aewlsdq, qdbe aewlsdqs, bljet bn}feq hujas nja U*_* ilxe}jbejq q}ensu}t nja niejot aemq

seou}dqdes* Lu} djxesqbejq wl`dot nja sq}nqeit n}e hlousea lj w}ese}xnqdlj lh onwdqn`, suwwl}qdji lu} `d~udadqt }e~ud}ebejqs, nja olbw`dnjoe ydqc qce Djxesqbejq Olbwnjt Noq lh >417*

Ocnjies dj U*_* djqe}esq }nqes nhheoq qce djqe}esq en}jea lj lu} onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjqs nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes nja qce bn}feq xnùe lh qclse seou}dqdes* N ctwlqceqdon` >77 mnsds wldjq

djo}ense dj djqe}esq }nqes yluà }esu`q dj n aeo}ense lh nww}ldbnqe`t !>5 bd``dlj dj qce bn}feq xnùe lh lu} nxnd`nmè"hl}"snè aemq seou}dqdes ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Njt }en`d{ea indjs l}

`lsses }esu`qdji h}lb suoc djqe}esq }nqe ocnjies yluà lj`t loou} dh ye slà qce djxesqbejqs w}dl} ql bnqu}dqt*

Djh`nqdlj ]dsf

Ye al jlq me`dexe qcnq djh`nqdlj cns cna n bnqe}dn` ehheoq lj lu} musdjess, hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj, l} }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs*

88


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

@EQQE] H]LB BN]F [UOFE]ME]I

Hnoemllf yns jlq l}didjn``t o}enqea ql me n olbwnjt* Dq yns mud`q ql noolbw`dsc n slodn` bdssdlj ‑ ql bnfe qce yl}à bl}e lwej nja oljjeoqea*

Ye qcdjf dq—s dbwl}qnjq qcnq exe}tlje ycl djxesqs dj Hnoemllf ujae}sqnjas ycnq qcds bdssdlj benjs ql us, cly ye bnfe aeodsdljs nja yct ye al qce qcdjis ye al* D yd`` q}t ql luq`dje lu}

nww}lnoc dj qcds èqqe}*

Nq Hnoemllf, ye—}e djswd}ea mt qeocjl`lides qcnq cnxe }exlùqdljd{ea cly welwè sw}ena nja oljsube djhl}bnqdlj* Ye lhqej qn`f nmluq djxejqdljs `dfe qce w}djqdji w}ess nja qce qeèxdsdlj ‑ mt

sdbw`t bnfdji olbbujdonqdlj bl}e ehhdodejq, qcet èa ql n olbwèqe q}njshl}bnqdlj lh bnjt dbwl}qnjq wn}qs lh slodeqt* Qcet inxe bl}e welwè n xldoe* Qcet ejolu}niea w}li}ess* Qcet

ocnjiea qce ynt slodeqt yns l}injd{ea* Qcet m}luicq us o`lse} qlieqce}*

Qlant, lu} slodeqt cns }enocea njlqce} qdwwdji wldjq* Ye `dxe nq n blbejq ycej qce bnkl}dqt lh welwè dj qce yl}à cnxe nooess ql qce djqe}jeq l} blmdè wcljes ‑ qce }ny qll`s jeoessn}t ql

sqn}q scn}dji ycnq qcet—}e qcdjfdji, hee`dji nja aldji ydqc yclbexe} qcet ynjq* Hnoemllf nswd}es ql mudà qce se}xdoes qcnq idxe welwè qce wlye} ql scn}e nja ce`w qceb ljoe nindj q}njshl}b

bnjt lh lu} ol}e djsqdquqdljs nja djausq}des*

Qce}e ds n cuie jeea nja n cuie lwwl}qujdqt ql ieq exe}tlje dj qce yl}à oljjeoqea, ql idxe exe}tlje n xldoe nja ql ce`w q}njshl}b slodeqt hl} qce huqu}e* Qce sonè lh qce qeocjl`lit nja

djh}nsq}uoqu}e qcnq busq me mud`q ds ujw}eoeaejqea, nja ye me`dexe qcds ds qce blsq dbwl}qnjq w}lmèb ye onj hlous lj*

Ye clwe ql sq}ejiqcej cly welwè }e`nqe ql enoc lqce}* Exej dh lu} bdssdlj slujas mdi , dq sqn}qs sbn`` ‑ ydqc qce }e`nqdljscdw meqyeej qyl welwè*

We}sljn` }e`nqdljscdws n}e qce hujanbejqn` ujdq lh lu} slodeqt* ]e`nqdljscdws n}e cly ye adsolxe} jey daens, ujae}sqnja lu} yl}à nja u `qdbnqe`t ae}dxe `lji"qe}b cnwwdjess*

Nq Hnoemllf, ye mudà qll`s ql ce`w welwè oljjeoq ydqc qce welwè qcet ynjq nja scn}e ycnq qcet ynjq, nja mt aldji qcds ye n}e eqejadji welwè—s onwnodqt ql mudà nja bndjqndj }e`nqdljscdws*

Welwè scn}dji bl}e ‑ exej dh kusq ydqc qced} o`lse h}dejas l} hnbd`des ‑ o}enqes n bl}e lwej ou`qu}e nja ènas ql n meqqe} ujae}sqnjadji lh qce `dxes nja we}sweoqdxes lh lqce}s* Ye me`dexe qcnq

qcds o}enqes n i}enqe} jubme} lh sq}ljie} }e`nqdljscdws meqyeej welwè, nja qcnq dq ce`ws welwè ieq ewlsea ql n i}enqe} jubme} lh adxe}se we}sweoqdxes*

Mt ce`wdji welwè hl}b qcese oljjeoqdljs, ye clwe ql }eyd}e qce ynt welwè sw}ena nja oljsube djhl}bnqdlj* Ye qcdjf qce yl}à—s djhl}bnqdlj djh}nsq}uoqu}e scluà }esebmè qce slodn` i}nwc

‑ n jeqyl}f mud`q h}lb qce mlqqlb uw l} wee}"ql"wee}, }nqce} qcnj qce bljl`dqcdo, qlw"alyj sq}uoqu}e qcnq cns edsqea ql anqe* Ye n`sl me`dexe qcnq idxdji welwè oljq}l` lxe} ycnq qcet scn}e ds nhujanbejqn` w}djodwè lh qcds }eyd}dji*

Ye cnxe n`}enat ce`wea bl}e qcnj 377 bd``dlj welwè bnw luq bl}e qcnj >77 md``dlj oljjeoqdljs sl hn}, nja lu} iln` ds ql ce`w qcds }eyd}dji nooeè}nqe*

Ye clwe ql dbw}lxe cly welwè oljjeoq ql musdjesses nja qce eoljlbt* Ye qcdjf n bl}e lwej nja oljjeoqea yl}à yd`` ce`w o}enqe n sq}ljie} eoljlbt ydqc bl}e nuqcejqdo musdjesses qcnq mudà meqqe} w}lauoqs nja se}xdoes*

Ns welwè scn}e bl}e, qcet cnxe nooess ql bl}e lwdjdljs h}lb qce welwè qcet q}usq nmluq qce w}lauoqs nja se}xdoes qcet use* Qcds bnfes dq ensde} ql adsolxe} qce mesq w}lauoqs nja dbw}lxe qce

~un`dqt nja ehhdodejot lh qced} `dxes*

89


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Lje }esu`q lh bnfdji dq ensde} ql hdja meqqe} w}lauoqs ds qcnq musdjesses yd`` me }eyn}aea hl} mudàdji meqqe} w}lauoqs ‑ ljes qcnq n}e we}sljn`d{ea nja aesdijea n}luja welwè* Ye cnxe hluja qcnq

w}lauoqs qcnq n}e ‐slodn` mt aesdij‒ qeja ql me bl}e ejinidji qcnj qced} q}nadqdljn` olujqe}wn}qs, nja ye `llf hl}yn}a ql seedji bl}e lh qce yl}à—s w}lauoqs blxe dj qcds a d}eoqdlj*

Lu} aexe`lwe} w`nqhl}b cns n`}enat ejnmèa cuja}eas lh qclusnjas lh musdjesses ql mudà cdice}"~un`dqt nja bl}e slodn` w}lauoqs* Ye cnxe seej ads}uwqdxe jey nww}lnoces dj djausq}des `dfe

inbes, busdo nja jeys, nja ye eweoq ql see sdbd`n} ads}uwqdlj dj bl}e djausq}des mt jey nww}lnoces qcnq n}e slodn` mt aesdij*

Dj naadqdlj ql mudàdji meqqe} w}lauoqs, n bl}e lwej yl}à yd`` n`sl ejolu}nie musdjesses ql ejinie ydqc qced} ousqlbe}s ad}eoq`t nja nuqcejqdon``t* Bl}e qcnj hlu} bd``dlj musdjesses cnxe Wnies

lj Hnoemllf qcnq qcet use ql cnxe n adn`liue ydqc qced} ousqlbe}s* Ye eweoq qcds q}eja ql i}ly ns ye``*

Ye clwe ql ocnjie cly welwè }e`nqe ql qced} ilxe}jbejqs nja slodn` djsqdquqdljs*

Ye me`dexe mudàdji qll`s ql ce`w welwè scn}e onj m}dji n bl}e cljesq nja q}njswn}ejq adn`liue n}luja ilxe}jbejq qcnq oluà èna ql bl}e ad}eoq ebwlye}bejq lh welwè, bl}e noolujqnmd`dqt

hl} lhhdodn`s nja meqqe} slùqdljs ql slbe lh qce mdiiesq w}lmèbs lh lu} qdbe*

Mt idxdji welwè qce wlye} ql scn}e, ye n}e sqn}qdji ql see welwè bnfe qced} xldoes cen}a lj n adhhe}ejq sonè h}lb ycnq cns cdsql}don``t meej wlssdmè* Qcese xldoes yd`` djo}ense dj jubme} nja

xlùbe* Qcet onjjlq me dijl}ea* Lxe} qdbe, ye eweoq ilxe}jbejqs yd`` meolbe bl}e }eswljsdxe ql dssues nja oljoe}js }ndsea ad}eoq`t mt n`` qced} welwè }nqce} qcnj qc}luic djqe}beadn}des

oljq}l`èa mt n seèoq hey*

Qc}luic qcds w}loess, ye me`dexe qcnq ènae}s yd`` ebe}ie no}lss n`` olujq}des ycl n}e w}l"djqe}jeq nja hdicq hl} qce }dicqs lh qced} welwè, djoùadji qce }dicq ql scn}e ycnq qcet ynjq nja qce }dicq

ql nooess n`` djhl}bnqdlj qcnq welwè ynjq ql scn}e ydqc qceb*

Hdjn``t, ns bl}e lh qce eoljlbt blxes qlyn}as cdice}"~un`dqt w}lauoqs qcnq n}e we}sljn`d{ea, ye n`sl eweoq ql see qce ebe}iejoe lh jey se}xdoes qcnq n}e slodn` mt aesdij ql naa}ess qce `n}ie

yl}àydae w}lmèbs ye hnoe dj klm o}enqdlj, eauonqdlj nja cen`qc on}e* Ye `llf hl}yn}a ql aldji ycnq ye onj ql ce`w qcds w}li}ess*

Lu} Bdssdlj nja Lu} Musdjess Ns D snda nmlxe, Hnoemllf yns jlq l}didjn``t hlujaea ql me n olbwnjt* Ye—xe n`ynts on}ea w}dbn}d`t nmluq lu} slodn` bdssdlj, qce se}xdoes ye—}e mudàdji nja qce welwè ycl use qceb* Qcds ds

n adhhe}ejq nww}lnoc hl} n wum`do olbwnjt ql qnfe, sl D ynjq ql ew`ndj yct D qcdjf dq yl}fs*

D sqn}qea lhh mt y}dqdji qce hd}sq xe}sdlj lh Hnoemllf btse`h meonuse dq yns slbeqcdji D ynjqea ql edsq* _djoe qcej, blsq lh qce daens nja olae qcnq cnxe ilje djql Hnoemllf cnxe olbe h}lb qcei}enq welwè ye—xe nqq}noqea ql lu} qenb*

Blsq i}enq welwè on}e w}dbn}d`t nmluq mudàdji nja medji n wn}q lh i}enq qcdjis, muq qcet n`sl ynjq ql bnfe bljet* Qc}luic qce w}loess lh mudàdji n qenb ‑ nja n`sl mudàdji n aexe`lwe}

olbbujdqt, naxe}qdsdji bn}feq nja djxesql} mnse ‑ D—xe aexe`lwea n aeew nww}eodnqdlj hl} cly mudàdji n sq}lji olbwnjt ydqc n sq}lji eoljlbdo ejidje nja sq}lji i}lyqc onj me qce mesq ynt

ql n`dij bnjt welwè ql sl`xe dbwl}qnjq w}lmèbs*

_dbw`t wuq; ye alj—q mudà se}xdoes ql bnfe bljet6 ye bnfe bljet ql mudà meqqe} se}xdoes*

Nja ye qcdjf qcds ds n illa ynt ql mudà slbeqcdji* Qcese ants D qcdjf bl}e nja bl}e welwè ynjq ql use se}xdoes h}lb olbwnjdes qcnq me`dexe dj slbeqcdji metlja sdbw`t bndbd{dji w}lhdqs*

83


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Mt hlousdji lj lu} bdssdlj nja mudàdji i}enq se}xdoes, ye me`dexe ye yd`` o}enqe qce blsq xnùe hl} lu} scn}eclàe}s nja wn}qje}s lxe} qce `lji qe}b ‑ nja qcds dj qu}j yd`` ejnmè us ql feew

nqq}noqdji qce mesq welwè nja mudàdji bl}e i}enq se}xdoes* Ye alj—q ynfe uw dj qce bl}jdji ydqc qce w}dbn}t iln` lh bnfdji bljet, muq ye ujae}sqnja qcnq qce mesq ynt ql nocdexe lu} bdssdlj

ds ql mudà n sq}lji nja xnùnmè olbwnjt*

Qcds ds cly ye qcdjf nmluq lu} DWL ns ye``* Ye—}e ildji wum`do hl} lu} ebw`ltees nja lu} djxesql}s* Ye bnae n olbbdqbejq ql qceb ycej ye inxe qceb e~udqt qcnq ye—a yl}f cn}a ql bnfe dq

yl}qc n `lq nja bnfe dq `d~uda, nja qcds DWL ds hu`hd``dji lu} olbbdqbejq* Ns ye meolbe n wum`do olbwnjt, ye—}e bnfdji n sdbd`n} olbbdqbejq ql lu} jey djxesql}s nja ye yd`` yl}f kusq ns

cn}a ql hu`hd`` dq*

Qce Cnofe} Ynt Ns wn}q lh mudàdji n sq}lji olbwnjt, ye yl}f cn}a nq bnfdji Hnoemllf qce mesq w`noe hl} i}enq welwè ql cnxe n mdi dbwnoq lj qce yl}à nja èn}j h}lb lqce} i}enq welwè* Ye cnxe ou`qdxnqea n

ujd~ue ou`qu}e nja bnjniebejq nww}lnoc qcnq ye on`` qce Cnofe} Ynt*

Qce yl}a ‐cnofe}‒ cns nj ujhnd}`t jeinqdxe oljjlqnqdlj h}lb medji wl}q}ntea dj qce beadn ns welwè ycl m}enf djql olbwuqe}s* Dj }en`dqt, cnofdji kusq benjs mudàdji slbeqcdji ~udof`t l}

qesqdji qce mlujan}des lh ycnq onj me alje* @dfe blsq qcdjis, dq onj me usea hl} illa l} mna, muq qce xnsq bnkl}dqt lh cnofe}s D—xe beq qeja ql me daen`dsqdo welwè ycl ynjq ql cnxe n wlsdqdxe

dbwnoq lj qce yl}à*

Qce Cnofe} Ynt ds nj nww}lnoc ql mudàdji qcnq djxl`xes oljqdjulus dbw}lxebejq nja dqe}nqdlj* Cnofe}s me`dexe qcnq slbeqcdji onj n`ynts me meqqe}, nja qcnq jlqcdji ds exe} olbwèqe* Qcet kusq

cnxe ql il hd dq ‑ lhqej dj qce hnoe lh welwè ycl snt dq—s dbwlssdmè l} n}e oljqejq ydqc qce sqnqus ~ul*

Cnofe}s q}t ql mudà qce mesq se}xdoes lxe} qce `lji qe}b mt ~udof`t }eènsdji nja èn}jdji h}lb sbn`è} dqe}nqdljs }nqce} qcnj q}tdji ql ieq exe}tqcdji }dicq n`` nq ljoe* Ql suwwl}q qcds, ye cnxe

mud`q n qesqdji h}nbeyl}f qcnq nq njt idxej qdbe onj q}t luq qclusnjas lh xe}sdljs lh Hnoemllf* Ye cnxe qce yl}as ‐Alje ds meqqe} qcnj we}heoq‒ wndjqea lj lu} yn``s ql }ebdja lu}se`xes ql

n`ynts feew scdwwdji*

Cnofdji ds n`sl nj djce}ejq`t cnjas"lj nja noqdxe adsodw`dje* Djsqena lh aemnqdji hl} ants yceqce} n jey daen ds wlssdmè l} ycnq qce mesq ynt ql mudà slbeqcdji ds, cnofe}s yluà }nqce} kusq

w}lqlqtwe slbeqcdji nja see ycnq yl}fs* Qce}e—s n cnofe} bnjq}n qcnq tlu—`` cen} n `lq n}luja Hnoemllf lhhdoes; ‐Olae ydjs n}iubejqs*‒

Cnofe} ou`qu}e ds n`sl eq}ebe`t lwej nja be}dqlo}nqdo* Cnofe}s me`dexe qcnq qce mesq daen nja dbwèbejqnqdlj scluà n`ynts ydj ‑ jlq qce we}slj ycl ds mesq nq `lmmtdji hl} nj daen l} qce

we}slj ycl bnjnies qce blsq welwè*

Ql ejolu}nie qcds nww}lnoc, exe}t hey bljqcs ye cnxe n cnofnqclj, yce}e exe}tlje mudàs w}lqlqtwes hl} jey daens qcet cnxe* Nq qce eja, qce yclè qenb ieqs qlieqce} nja `llfs nq exe}tqcdji

qcnq cns meej mud`q* Bnjt lh lu} blsq suooesshu` w}lauoqs onbe luq lh cnofnqcljs, djoùadji Qdbe`dje, ocnq, xdael, lu} blmd e aexe lwbejq h}nbeyl}f nja slbe lh lu} blsq dbwl}qnjq

djh}nsq}uoqu}e dfe qce CdwClw olbwdè}*

Ql bnfe su}e n`` lu} ejidjee}s scn}e qcds nww}lnoc, ye }e~ud}e n`` jey ejidjee}s ‑ exej bnjnie}s yclse w}dbn}t klm yd`` jlq me ql y}dqe olae ‑ ql il qc}luic n w}li}nb on`èa Mllqonbw

yce}e qcet èn}j lu} olaemnse, lu} qll`s nja lu} nww}lnoc* Qce}e n}e n `lq lh hl`fs dj qce djausq}t ycl bnjnie ejidjee}s nja alj—q ynjq ql olae qcebse`xes, muq qce qtwe lh cnjas"lj welwè

ye—}e `llfdji hl} n}e yd``dji nja nmè ql il qc}luic Mllqonbw*

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Qce enbwès nmlxe n`` }e`nqe ql ejidjee}dji, muq ye cnxe adsqd`èa qcese w}djodwès djql hdxe ol}e xnùes hl} cly ye }uj Hnoemllf;

Hlous lj Dbwnoq Dh ye ynjq ql cnxe qce mdiiesq dbwnoq, qce mesq ynt ql al qcds ds ql bnfe su}e ye n`ynts hlous lj sl`xdji qce blsq dbwl}qnjq w}lmèbs* Dq slujas sdbwè, muq ye qcdjf blsq olbwnjdes al qcds

wll}`t nja ynsqe n `lq lh qdbe* Ye eweoq exe}tlje nq Hnoemllf ql me illa nq hdjadji qce mdiiesq w}lmèbs ql yl}f lj*

Blxe Hnsq Blxdji hnsq ejnmès us ql mudà bl}e qcdjis nja èn}j hnsqe}* Clyexe}, ns blsq olbwnjdes i}ly, qcet s`ly alyj qll buoc meonuse qcet—}e bl}e nh}nda lh bnfdji bdsqnfes qcnj qcet n}e lh `lsdji

lwwl}qujdqdes mt blxdji qll s`ly`t* Ye cnxe n sntdji; ‐Blxe hnsq nja m}enf qcdjis*‒ Qce daen ds qcnq dh tlu jexe} m}enf njtqcdji, tlu—}e w}lmnm`t jlq blxdji hnsq ejluic*

Me Mlà Mudàdji i}enq qcdjis benjs qnfdji }dsfs* Qcds onj me son}t nja w}exejqs blsq olbwnjdes h}lb aldji qce mlà qcdjis qcet scluà* Clyexe}, dj n yl}à qcnq—s ocnjidji sl ~udof`t, tlu—}e

iun}njqeea ql hnd` dh tlu alj—q qnfe njt }dsfs* Ye cnxe njlqce} sntdji; ‐Qce }dsfdesq qcdji ds ql qnfe jl }dsfs*‒ Ye ejolu}nie exe}tlje ql bnfe mlà aeodsdljs, exej dh qcnq benjs medji y}lji

slbe lh qce qdbe*

Me Lwej Ye me`dexe qcnq n bl}e lwej yl}à ds n meqqe} yl}à meonuse welwè ydqc bl}e djhl}bnqdlj onj bnfe meqqe} aeodsdljs nja cnxe n i}enqe} dbwnoq* Qcnq iles hl} }ujjdji lu} olbwnjt ns ye``* Ye

yl}f cn}a ql bnfe su}e exe}tlje nq Hnoemllf cns nooess ql ns buoc djhl}bnqdlj ns wlssdmè nmluq exe}t wn}q lh qce olbwnjt sl qcet onj bnfe qce mesq aeodsdljs nja cnxe qce i}enqesq dbwnoq*

Mudà _lodn` Xnùe Ljoe nindj, Hnoemllf edsqs ql bnfe qce yl}à bl}e lwej nja oljjeoqea, nja jlq kusq ql mudà n olbwnjt* Ye eweoq exe}tlje nq Hnoemllf ql hlous exe}t ant lj cly ql mudà }en` xnùe hl} qce

yl}à dj exe}tqcdji qcet al*

Qcnjfs hl} qnfdji qce qdbe ql }ena qcds èqqe}* Ye me`dexe qcnq ye cnxe nj lwwl}qujdqt ql cnxe nj dbwl}qnjq dbwnoq lj qce yl}à nja mudà n `nsqdji olbwnjt dj qce w}loess* D `llf hl}yn}a ql

mudàdji slbeqcdji i}enq qlieqce}*

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Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

MU_DJE__

Lxe}xdey

N adidqn` adsw`nt lh qce Hnoemllf use} olbbujdqt nja qce oljjeoqdljs meqyeej use}s* Lj n m`njf mnofi}luja, qce oljjeoqdljs hl}b n

wdoqu}e qcnq nww}ldbnqes n i`lmn` bnw*

Lu} bdssdlj ds ql bnfe qce yl}à bl}e lwej nja oljjeoqea*

Ye me`dexe qcnq slbe lh qce blsq dbwl}qnjq djjlxnqdljs dj cdsql}t cnxe meej qll`s qcnq bnfe dq ensde} l} hnsqe} hl} lje cubnj medji ql scn}e slbeqcdji ydqc njlqce}*

Hnoemllf ejnmès tlu ql scn}e qce qcdjis tlu on}e nmluq ydqc qce welwè tlu on}e nmluq* Tlu onj wum`dsc tlu} daens, lwdjdljs, wdoqu}es nja noqdxdqdes ql tlu} h}dejas, hnbd`t, ol`èniues l}

qce yl}à* Ye me`dexe qcnq Hnoemllf idxes exe}t we}slj n xldoe‑nj lwwl}qujdqt ql snt; D edsq, nja qcds ds bt sql}t*

Hnoemllf n`sl ejnmès tlu ql adsolxe} ycnq—s ildji lj dj qce yl}à n}luja tlu, qc}luic qce etes nja en}s lh welwè tlu q}usq* Exe}t ant cuja}eas lh bd``dljs lh welwè olbe ql

Hnoemllf ql hdja luq ycnq qced} h}dejas cnxe ql scn}e‑qce mesq jey busdo qcet—xe `dsqejea ql, wclqls h}lb qced} }eoejq cljetbllj, ycl qcet w`nj ql xl qe hl} dj qce jeq eèoqdlj* Enoc we}slj—s

ewe}dejoe lj Hnoemllf ds ujd~ue nja olbwèqe`t we}sljn`d{ea‑nfdj ql }enadji n }en`"qdbe jeyswnwe} lh sql}des olbwdèa kusq hl} qceb qcnq qcet onj on}}t ydqc qceb yce}exe} qcet il*

Welwè oljjeoq ydqc Hnoemllf ql oljjeoq ydqc welwè* Ye me`dexe qcnq ye n}e nq qce hl}eh}ljq lh ejnm`dji hnsqe}, ensde} nja }doce} olbbujdonqdlj meqyeej welwè n}luja qce yl}à*

9>


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Cly Ye O}enqe Xnùe hl} Use}s

Use}s onj

scn}e wclqls

ydqc qced}

h}dejas njahnbd`t

H}dejas nja

hnbd`t onj

@dfe l}

Olbbejq lj

qce wclqls

Lu} qlw w}dl}dqt ds ql mudà usehu` nja ejinidji w}lauoqs qcnq ejnmè tlu ql;

• Oljjeoq ydqc Tlu} H}dejas* Ydqc 315 bd``dlj bljqc`t noqdxe use}s #BNUs$ yl}àydae, lu} use}s n}e djo}ensdji`t nmè ql hdja nja sqnt oljjeoqea ydqc qced} h}dejas, hnbd`t, nja

ol`èniues lj Hnoemllf* Use}s onj scn}e bnkl} `dhe exejqs suoc ns qce md}qc lh n ocdà, uw`lna wclqls lh qced} `nqesq xnonqdlj, olji}nqu`nqe n h}deja lj n jey klm mt @dfdji l}

Olbbejqdji lj qce h}deja—s wlsq, nja sqnt dj qluoc qc}luic bessnies nja ocnq*

• Adsolxe} nja @en}j* Ye me`dexe qcnq use}s olbe ql Hnoemllf ql adsolxe} nja èn}j bl}e nmluq ycnq ds ildji lj dj qce yl}à n}luja qceb, wn}qdou`n}`t dj qce `dxes lh qced} h}dejas

nja hnbd`t nja ydqc wum`do hdiu}es nja l}injd{nqdljs qcnq djqe}esq qceb* Enoc use}—s ewe}dejoe lj Hnoemllf ds ujd~ue mnsea lj qce oljqejq scn}ea mt cds l} ce} h}dejas nja

oljjeoqdljs* Qcds oljqejq ds we}sljn`d{ea hl} enoc use} dj lu} w}lauoqs suoc ns Jeys Heea nja Qdbe`dje*

• Ew}ess Tlu}se`h* Ye ejnmè lu} use}s ql scn}e nja wum`dsc qced} lwdjdljs, daens, wclqls, nja noqdxdqdes ql nuadejoes }njidji h}lb qced} o`lsesq h}dejas ql lu} 315 bd``dlj use}s,

idxdji exe}t use} n xldoe ydqcdj qce Hnoemllf olbbujdqt*

9=


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• Oljq}l` Ycnq Tlu _cn}e* Qc}luic Hnoemllf—s w}dxnot nja scn}dji seqqdjis, lu} use}s onj oljq}l` ycnq qcet scn}e nja ydqc yclb qcet scn}e dq*

Enbwè lh Use} Oljq}l` Lxe} _cn}dji

Use}s onj oljq}l` ycnq qcet scn}e nja

ydqc yclb qcet scn}e dq* Hl} enbwè,enoc qdbe n use} uwanqes cds l} ce}

sqnqus, ce l} sce onj ocllse ql scn}e

ydqc exe}tlje, ydqc n`` h}dejas, l} ydqc

n sumseq lh h}dejas qcnq qce use} onj

ousqlbd{e*

• Ewe}dejoe Hnoemllf No}lss qce Yem* Qc}luic nww`donqdljs #nwws$ nja yemsdqes mud`q mt aexe`lwe}s usdji qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b, lu} use}s onj djqe}noq ydqc qced} Hnoemllf

h}dejas ycdè w`ntdji inbes, `dsqejdji ql busdo, ynqocdji blxdes, }enadji jeys, nja ejinidji dj lqce} noqdxdqdes*

• _qnt Oljjeoqea ydqc Tlu} H}dejas lj Blmdè Aexdoes* Qc}luic qce olbmdjnqdlj lh lu} blmdè sdqes, sbn}qwclje nwws, nja henqu}e wclje w}lauoqs, use}s onj m}dji Hnoemllf

ydqc qceb lj blmdè aexdoes yce}exe} qcet il*

Hlujanqdljs lh qce _lodn` Yem

Ye me`dexe qcnq qce yem, djoùadji qce blmdè yem, ds exl`xdji ql meolbe bl}e slodn` nja we}sljn`d{ea* Cdsql}don``t, blsq welwè su}hea qce yem njljtblus`t nja xdsdqea yemsdqes yce}e

qcet sny qce snbe oljqejq ns exe}tlje e`se* ]eoejq djjlxnqdljs dj slhqyn}e aexe`lwbejq n`lji ydqc naxnjoes dj `n}ie"sonè anqnmnse nja olbwuqdji djh}nsq}uoqu}e cnxe ejnmèa yem ewe}dejoes

qcnq n}e bl}e we}sljn`d{ea ql enoc use}—s djqe}esqs nja o}enqea jey ynts lh }en`"qdbe scn}dji nja olbbujdonqdji* Qce slodn` yem o}enqes }eyn}adji ewe}dejoes qcnq n}e oejqe}ea lj welwè, qced}

oljjeoqdljs, nja qced} djqe}esqs* Ye me`dexe qcnq qce hl``lydji eèbejqs hl}b qce hlujanqdlj lh qce slodn` yem;

•

Nuqcejqdo Daejqdqt* Ye me`dexe qcnq usdji tlu} }en` jnbe, oljjeoqdji ql tlu} }en` h}dejas, nja scn}dji tlu} iejudje djqe}esqs lj`dje o}enqe bl}e ejinidji nja benjdjihu`

ewe}dejoes* ]ew}esejqdji tlu}se`h ydqc tlu} nuqcejqdo daejqdqt lj`dje ejolu}nies tlu ql mecnxe ydqc qce snbe jl}bs qcnq hlsqe} q}usq nja }esweoq dj tlu} and`t `dhe lhh`dje*

Nuqcejqdo daejqdqt ds ol}e ql qce Hnoemllf ewe}dejoe, nja ye me`dexe qcnq dq ds oejq}n` ql qce huqu}e lh qce yem* Lu} qe}bs lh se}xdoe }e~ud}e tlu ql use tlu} }en` jnbe nja ye

ejolu}nie tlu ql me tlu} q }ue se`h lj`dje, ejnm`dji us nja W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql w}lxdae tlu ydqc bl}e we}sljn`d{ea ewe}dejoes*

• _lodn` I}nwc* Qce _lodn` I}nwc }ew}esejqs qce oljjeoqdljs meqyeej welwè nja qced} h}dejas nja djqe}esqs* Exe}t we}slj l} ejqdqt ds }ew}esejqea mt n wldjq ydqcdj qce i}nwc, nja

qce nhhd`dnqdljs meqyeej welwè nja qced} h}dejas nja djqe}esqs hl}b md``dljs lh oljjeoqdljs meqyeej qce wldjqs* Lu} bnwwdji lh qce _lodn` I}nwc ejnmès Hnoemllf nja W`nqhl}b

aexe`lwe}s ql mudà bl}e ejinidji use} ewe}dejoes qcnq n}e mnsea lj qcese oljjeoqdljs*

9?


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

D`ùsq}nqdlj lh qce _lodn` I}nwc

• _lodn` Adsq}dmuqdlj* Lxe} qdbe, welwè n}e oljsubdji nja o}enqdji bl}e fdjas lh djhl}bnqdlj nq n hnsqe} wnoe no}lss n m}lnae} }njie lh aexdoes* Qce i}lydji xlùbe lh

djhl}bnqdlj bnfes dq ocn`èjidji ql hdja benjdjihu` nja q}usqea oljqejq nja ql ehheoqdxe`t bnfe tlu} xldoe cen}a* Hnoemllf l}injd{es nja w}dl}dqd{es oljqejq nja se}xes ns n

wlye}hu` slodn` adsq}dmuqdlj qll` ae`dxe}dji ql use}s ycnq ye me`dexe qcet yd`` hdja blsq olbwe``dji mnsea lj qced} h}dejas nja djqe}esqs* Hnoemllf—s slodn` adsq}dmuqdlj ejnmès

use}s, W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s ql scn}e djhl}bnqdlj ydqc qn}ieq nuadejoes n}ie l} sbn``*

Lu} _d{e nja _onè

Mudàdji lj lu} use lh nuqcejqdo daejqdqt, qce _lodn` I}nwc, nja slodn` adsq}dmuqdlj, Hnoemllf cns i}lyj h}lb lu} meidjjdjis dj n ol`èie al}b }llb dj =771 ql n se}xdoe qcnq ds

hujanbejqn``t ocnjidji qce ynt welwè oljjeoq, adsolxe}, nja scn}e n}luja qce yl}à* Ye me`dexe qcnq Hnoemllf cns meolbe nj djqei}n` wn}q l h bnjt lh lu} use}s— and`t `dxes* Use}s naa xnùe ql

qce lxe}n`` Hnoemllf eolstsqeb enoc qdbe qcet ejinie ydqc h}dejas, aexe`lwe}s, l} naxe}qdse}s* Djo}enses dj use} ejiniebejq ejnmè us ql nqq}noq bl}e use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s* I}lyqc

dj qce jubme} lh use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s nja qce djqe}noqdljs nblji qceb ejcnjoes qce xnùe ye ae`dxe} ql n`` lh lu} oljsqdquejodes*

• Ye cna 315 bd``dlj BNUs ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nj djo}ense lh ?4% ns olbwn}ea ql 873 bd``dlj BNUs ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7*

• Ye cna 13? bd``dlj and`t noqdxe use}s #ANUs$ lj nxe}nie dj Aeoebme} =7>>, nj djo}ense lh 13% ns olbwn}ea ql ?=9 bd``dlj ANUs dj Aeoebme} =7>7*

• Ye cna bl}e qcnj 1=5 bd``dlj BNUs ycl usea Hnoemllf blmdè w}lauoqs dj Aeoebme} =7>>*

• Au}dji qce bljqc lh Aeoebme} =7>>, ye cna lj nxe}nie ?87 bd``dlj use}s ycl ye}e noqdxe ydqc Hnoemllf lj nq ènsq sd luq lh qce `nsq sexej ants, w}lxdadji we}sweoqdxe lj qce

jubme} lh welwè hl} yclb Hnoemllf ds essejqdn``t nj exe}tant noqdxdqt*

• Qce}e ye}e bl}e qcnj >77 md``dlj h}deja oljjeoqdljs lj Hnoemllf ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

• Lj nxe}nie bl}e qcnj =57 bd``dlj wclqls we} ant ye}e uw`lnaea ql Hnoemllf dj qce qc}ee bljqcs ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

• Lu} use}s ieje}nqea nj nxe}nie lh =*9 md``dlj @dfes nja Olbbejqs we} ant au}dji qce qc}ee bljqcs ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* _djoe use}s @dfe nja Olbbejq lj oljqejq qcet

hdja djqe}esqdji, ye me`dexe

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

qcnq qce jubme} lh @dfes nja Olbbejqs w}lxdaes slbe djsdicq djql cly ejinidji use}s hdja qce oljqejq nxnd`nmè ql qceb lj Hnoemllf nja qc}luic lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s*

• Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, qce}e ye}e bl}e qcnj ?9 bd``dlj Wnies ydqc qej l} bl}e @dfes* Njtlje, djoùadji n}qdsqs, wum`do hdiu}es, musdjesses, m}njas, l} ocn}dqdes onj seq uw n

Hnoemllf Wnie ql ejinie ydqc lu} use}s* Enbwès lh wlwu`n} Wnies lj Hnoemllf djoùae @nat Inin, Adsjet, nja Bnjocesqe} Ujdqea, enoc lh ycdoc cns bl}e qcnj =7 bd``dlj

@dfes*

Cly Ye O}enqe Xnùe hl} Aexe`lwe}s Qc}luic qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b

Qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b ds n seq lh aexe`lwbejq qll`s nja nww`donqdlj w}li}nbbdji djqe}hnoes #NWDs$ qcnq ejnmès aexe`lwe}s ql ensd`t djqei}nqe ydqc Hnoemllf ql o}enqe slodn` nwws nja

yemsdqes nja ql }enoc lu} 315 bd``dlj use}s* W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s mudà ewe}dejoes qcnq n``ly lu} use}s ql oljjeoq nja scn}e ydqc h}dejas ycdè ejinidji dj noqdxdqdes suoc ns w`ntdji inbes,

`dsqejdji ql busdo, ynqocdji blxdes, }enadji jeys n}qdoès, adsolxe}dji jey }eodwes, nja ew`l}dji jey }ujjdji }luqes* W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s }njie h}lb n squaejq lj cds l} ce} olbwuqe} nq clbe

ql qenbs lh w}li}nbbe}s nq ènadji yemsdqes* Bl}e qcnj sexej bd``dlj nwws nja yemsdqes ye}e djqei}nqea ydqc Hnoemllf ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Ye n}e hlousea lj qce i}lyqc nja suooess lh W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s dj o}enqdji olbwe``dji use} ewe}dejoes mt ejnm`dji;

• We}sljn`d{ea nja _lodn` Ewe}dejoes* Ye ejnmè W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql o}enqe meqqe} w}lauoqs qcnq n}e we}sljn`d{ea nja slodn` nja qcnq lhhe} jey ynts hl} lu} use}s ql ejinie

ydqc h}dejas nja scn}e ewe}dejoes no}lss qce yem nja lj blmdè aexdoes* Hl} enbwè, n Hnoemllf use} onj xdsdq qce Wnjal}n yemsdqe nja dbbeadnqe`t meidj `dsqejdji ql n

we}sljn`d{ea }nadl sqnqdlj qcnq ds ousqlbd{ea mnsea lj qce mnjas qce use} @dfes lj Hnoemllf* Ns njlqce} enbwè, n Hnoemllf use} onj xdsdq Qce Jey Tl}f Qdbes yemsdqe nja see

ycdoc n}qdoès cnxe meej }eolbbejaea mt h}dejas* Lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s onj lj`t nooess djhl}bnqdlj qcnq lu} use}s ni}ee ql scn}e ydqc qceb*

• _lodn` Adsq}dmuqdlj* Ye ejnmè W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql }enoc lu} i`lmn` use} mnse nja use lu} slodn` adsq}dmuqdlj ocnjje`s ql djo}ense q}nhhdo ql qced} nwws nja yemsdqes* Hl}

enbwè, use}s onj djxdqe qced} Hnoemllf h}dejas ql w`nt n inbe l} see ycej qced} h}dejas cnxe nocdexea n jey cdic sol}e*

• Wntbejqs* Ye w}lxdae nj lj`dje wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e qcnq ejnmès W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql }eoedxe wntbejqs h}lb lu} use}s dj nj enst"ql"use, seou}e, nja q}usqea ejxd}ljbejq*

Dj =7>>, lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s }eoedxea bl}e qcnj !>*1 md``dlj h}lb q}njsnoqdljs ejnmèa mt lu} Wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e*

Cly Ye O}enqe Xnùe hl} Naxe}qdse}s nja Bn}feqe}s

Ye lhhe} naxe}qdse}s nja bn}feqe}s n ujd~ue olbmdjnqdlj lh }enoc, }eèxnjoe, slodn` oljqeq, nja ejiniebejq;

• ]enoc* Hnoemllf lhhe}s qce nmd`dqt ql }enoc n xnsq oljsube} nuadejoe lh lxe} 377 bd``dlj BNUs ydqc n sdjiè naxe}qdsdji wu}ocnse* Hl} enbwè, n blxde squadl seefdji ql

djo}ense nyn}ejess lh nj uwolbdji hd`b }eènse onj }enoc n m}lna nuadejoe lh Hnoemllf use}s lj qce ant l} yeef mehl}e qce hd`b—s lwejdji* Mt naxe}qdsdji qce }eènse lh

Q}njshl}be}s; An}f lh qce Bllj lj Hnoemllf, Wn}nblujq _quadls }enocea 85 bd``dlj use}s dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes dj n sdjiè ant*

Naxe}qdsdji Enbwè‑]enoc

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Naxe}qdsdji Enbwè‑ydqcluq _lodn` Oljqeq Naxe}qdsdji Enbwè‑ydqc _lodn` Oljqeq

‟ _wljsl}ea _ql}des* _wljsl}ea sql}des ejnmè bn}feqe}s ql nbw`dht qce adsq}dmuqdlj lh sql}des qcnq use}s cnxe n`}enat scn}ea qcnq n}e }eèxnjq ql qced} bn}feqdji ehhl}qs* Hl}

enbwè, ycej n use} wlsqs lj Hnoemllf qcnq ce l} sce cns ‐oceofea dj‒ ql n _qn}muofs sql}e, qcds oceof"dj o}enqes n sql}t qcnq onj me sclyj dj qce use}—s h}dejas— Jeys

Heeas* N`qcluic n`` lh n use}—s h}dejas bnt me e`didmè ql xdey qcds oceof"dj sql}t, lj`t n h}noqdlj lh qce use}—s h}dejas yd`` qtwdon``t see dq #mnsea lj hnoql}s suoc ns ycej

qce use}—s h}dejas oceof qced} Jeys Heeas nja lu} }njfdji lh n`` qce oljqejq qcnq ds nxnd`nmè ql scly ql enoc lh qce use}—s h}dejas$* _qn}muofs onj wu}ocnse swljsl}ea

sql}des ql sdijdhdonjq`t djo}ense qce }enoc, h}e~uejot lh adsq}dmuqdlj, nja w}lbdjejoe lh qcds sql}t ql qce use}—s h}dejas* Bn}feqe}s onj n`sl use swljsl}ea sql}des ql

w}lblqe qce sql}des qcet wum`dsc h}lb qced} Hnoemllf Wnie ql use}s ycl cnxe oljjeoqea ydqc qce Wnie* _wljsl}ea sql}des n}e sclyj lj qce }dicq cnja sdae lh qce wnie,

nja dj Knjun}t =7>=, ye n`sl meinj djoùadji qceb dj use}s— Jeys Heeas* Ye me`dexe qcnq swljsl}ea sql}des olbwèbejq qce slodn` adsolxe}t qcnq ds ol}e ql qce Hnoemllf

use} ewe}dejoe*

• Ejiniebejq* Ye me`dexe qcnq qce scdhq ql n bl}e slodn` yem o}enqes jey lwwl}qujdqdes hl} musdjesses ql ejinie ydqc djqe}esqea ousqlbe}s* Bnjt lh lu} na w}lauoqs lhhe} jey njadjjlxnqdxe ynts hl} lu} naxe}qdse}s ql djqe}noq ydqc lu} use}s, suoc ns nas qcnq djoùae wl``s, ejolu}nie olbbejqs, l} djxdqe use}s ql nj exejq* Naadqdljn``t, njt m}nja l} musdjess

onj cnxe n w}esejoe lj Hnoemllf mt o}enqdji n Hnoemllf Wnie* Qc}luic Wnies, ye idxe m}njas qce lwwl}qujdqt ql hl}b ad}eoq nja ljildji }e`nqdljscdws ydqc qced} ousqlbe}s, ydqc

qce wlqejqdn` ql qu}j qceb djql xnùnmè naxlonqes* Ycej n Hnoemllf use} @dfes n Wnie, qce Wnie lyje} cns qce lwwl}qujdqt ql wum`dsc sql}des ql qce use}—s Jeys Heea lj nj

ljildji mnsds* Ye me`dexe qcnq qcds ljildji oljjeoqdlj w}lxdaes n sdijdhdonjq naxnjqnie hl} Hnoemllf Wnies ns olbwn}ea ql q}nadqdljn` musdjess yemsdqes* Dj naadqdlj, musdjesses

onj use Wnies ql djhùejoe hnjs nja a}dxe }ehe}}n` q}nhhdo ql qced} e"olbbe}oe yemsdqes l} wctsdon` sql}es* Ye al jlq ocn}ie musdjesses hl} qced} Wnies, jl} al ye ocn}ie hl} qce

}esu`qdji l}injdo adsq}dmuqdlj* Clyexe}, ye me`dexe qcnq Wnie lyje}s onj use Hnoemllf nas nja swljsl}ea sql}des ql djo}ense nyn}ejess lh nja ejiniebejq ydqc qced} Wnies*

Enbwès lh m}njas uqd`d{dji Hnoemllf Wnies djoùae;

‟ Mu}me}}t usea dqs Wnie nja nj djjlxnqdxe bn}feqdji onbwndij lj Hnoemllf ql njjlujoe qce `nujoc lh n jey ùu}t h}ni}njoe ql dqs jen}`t qej bd``dlj Hnoemllf hnjs dj

l}ae} ql a}dxe q}nhhdo ql nja wu}ocnses nq Mu}me}}t sql}es i`lmn``t, djoùadji dqs e"olbbe}oe sdqe* Ycej use}s @dfea l} Olbbejqea lj qce Mu}me}}t Wnie l} qce we}hube

sql}t, qce use}s— noqdljs ye}e scn}ea ydqc qced} h}dejas xdn Jeys Heea, a}dxdji nyn}ejess ql n ydae} od}oè lh use}s nja djo}ensdji m}nja ewlsu}e, }eolijdqdlj, nja

ejiniebejq*

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Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

‟ WH Ocnji—s o}enqea n oluwlj lhhe} lj dqs Wnie hl} n h}ee @eqquoe Y}nw nwweqd{e} nja w}lblqea qce lhhe} ydqc n qc}ee"yeef na onbwndij* Qce Hnoemllf nas qn}ieqea use}s

ycl cna oljjeoqea ql WH Ocnji—s Wnie, qclse use}s— h}dejas, nja use}s dj bn}feqs yce}e WH Ocnji—s cns n cdic aejsdqt lh }esqnu}njqs* Lxe} 57,777 ousqlbe}s, lh yclb

17% ye}e hd}sq"qdbe ousqlbe}s, }eaeebea qce oluwlj nq WH Ocnji—s }esqnu}njqs*

Lu} Bn}feq Lwwl}qujdqt

Lu} Naxe}qdsdji Bn}feq Lwwl}qujdqt

Naxe}qdse}s— lmkeoqdxes }njie h}lb mudàdji `lji"qe}b m}nja nyn}ejess ql sqdbu`nqdji nj dbbeadnqe wu}ocnse* Ye lhhe} naxe}qdsdji slùqdljs qcnq n}e aesdijea ql me ejinidji hl} use}s

nja we}sljn`d{ea ql use}s— aebli}nwcdos nja djqe}esqs dj l}ae} ql ce`w naxe}qdse}s meqqe} nocdexe qced} iln`s* Hnoemllf—s olbmdjnqdlj lh }enoc, }eèxnjoe, slodn` oljqeq, nja ejiniebejq idxes

naxe}qdse}s ejcnjoea lwwl}qujdqdes ql ieje}nqe m}nja nyn}ejess nja nhhd`dnqdlj, ycdè n`sl o}enqdji jey ynts ql ieje}nqe jen}"qe}b aebnja hl} qced} w}lauoqs h}lb oljsube}s `dfe`t ql cnxe

wu}ocnse djqejq* Nool}adji ql nj djausq}t slu}oe, qlqn` yl}àydae naxe}qdsdji swejadji dj =7>7 yns !533 md``dlj* Lu} naa}essnm e bn}feq lwwl}qujdqt djoùaes wl}qdljs lh bnjt edsqdji

naxe}qdsdji bn}feqs, djoùadji qce q}nadqdljn` lhh`dje m}njaea naxe}qdsdji, lj`dje adsw`nt naxe}qdsdji, lj`dje we}hl}bnjoe"mnsea naxe}qdsdji, nja blmdè naxe}qdsdji bn}feqs*

• Q}nadqdljn` Lhh`dje M}njaea Naxe}qdsdji* Qeèxdsdlj, w}djq, nja }nadl noolujqea hl} !?8? md``dlj, l} 8=% lh qce qlqn` naxe}qdsdji bn}feq dj =7>7 nool}adji ql nj djausq}t slu}oe*

Cdsql}don``t, naxe}qdse}s djqe}esqea dj ieje}nqdji nyn}ejess lh nja aebnja hl} qced} m}njas cnxe cenxd`t }e`dea lj qcese lhh`dje beadn ql }enoc qced} nuadejoes nq sonè* Ye me`dexe

qcnq qcese m}nja naxe}qdse}s yd`` djo}ensdji`t aeadonqe n wl}qdlj lh qced} naxe}qdsdji al``n}s ql Hnoemllf meonuse qce m}lna nuadejoes qcet n}e q}tdji ql }enoc n}e noqdxe lj

Hnoemllf lj n and`t mnsds, meonuse ye onj }enoc qced} aesd}ea nuadejoes ydqc w}eodsdlj, nja meonuse qcet onj swn}f yl}a lh bluqc bn}feqdji qc}luic Hnoemllf* Dj Aeoebme}

=7>>, nj naxe}qdse} oluà }enoc nj esqdbnqea nuadejoe lh bl}e qcnj 85 bd``dlj U*_* use}s dj n qtwdon` ant lj Hnoemllf* Mt olbwn}dslj, qce =7>> senslj hdjnè lh Nbe}donj Dal`

yns xdeyea mt nj esqdbnqea U*_* nuadejoe lh =4 bd``dlj welwè* Dj =7>>, lu} naxe}qdsdji ousqlbe}s djoùaea enoc lh qce >77 `n}iesq i`lmn` naxe}qdsdji swejae}s, ns }njfea mt nj

djausq}t slu}oe* Enbwès lh Hnoemllf naxe}qdsdji onbwndijs mt `n}ie m}nja naxe}qdse}s djoùae;

‟ Jdfe `nujocea dqs ‐Y}dqe qce Huqu}e‒ onbwndij lj Hnoemllf ns nj djqei}n` wn}q lh dqs =7>7 Yl}à Ouw bn}feqdji ehhl}q* Qce `nujoc w`noebejq yns seej mt >17 bd``dlj

use}s dj =7 olujq}des nja use}s ejiniea ydqc qce bessnie bl}e qcnj sexej bd``dlj qdbes mt qnfdji noqdljs suoc ns ynqocdji qce qc}ee"bdjuqe ebmeaaea xdael, l} @dfdji,

o`dofdji, l} Olbbejqdji lj qce na*

‟ Nbe}donj Ew}ess wu}ocnsea nas lj Hnoemllf nja wuq dqs Hnoemllf Wnie nq qce oejqe} lh dqs naxe}qdsdji onbwndij dj Jlxebme} =7>7 ql djq}lauoe nja w}lblqe ‐_bn``

Musdjess _nqu}ant,‒ n jey `lon` djdqdnqdxe aesdijea ql ejolu}nie sclwwdji nq sbn`` musdjesses lj qce _nqu}ant nhqe} Qcnjfsidxdji* Qce nas }enocea 31 bd``dlj Hnoemllf

use}s lxe} qce qc}ee yeef onbwndij* Nbe}donj Ew}ess oljqdjuea qce onbwndij dj =7>>* Qce onbwndij }enocea 4> bd``dlj welwè, djoùadji 91 bd``dlj ycl ye}e sclyj

nj na qcnq henqu}ea n oljjeoqdlj ydqc qced} Hnoemllf h}dejas, suooesshu``t èxe}nidji slodn` oljqeq nq sonè* Ye me`dexe qcnq naxe}qdsdji lj Hnoemllf oljq}dmuqea ql qce

suooesshu` }esu`qs lh qce _bn`` Musdjess _nqu}ant onbwndij6 dj =7>> wum`do nyn}ejess lh _bn`` Musdjess _nqu}ant }lse ql 85% h}lb ?9% dj =7>7* Naadqdljn``t,Nbe}donj Ew}ess sny n =?% djo}ense dj On}abebme} q}njsnoqdljs nq sbn`` musdjess be}ocnjqs lj _bn`` Musdjess _nqu}ant*

• Lj`dje Naxe}qdsdji* H}lb =7>7 ql =7>5, qce yl}àydae lj`dje naxe}qdsdji bn}feq ds w}lkeoqea ql djo}ense h}lb !83 md``dlj ql !>=7 md``dlj, }ew}esejqdji >=% nja >8%,

}esweoqdxe`t, lh qce yl}àydae naxe}qdsdji bn}feq nool}adji ql nj djausq}t slu}oe* Ou}}ejq`t, qce lj`dje naxe}qdsdji bn}feq ds ieje}n``t

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

adxdaea meqyeej adsw`nt naxe}qdsdji, yce}e qce naxe}qdse} ds seefdji dbw}essdljs, nja we}hl}bnjoe"mnsea naxe}qdsdji, yce}e qce naxe}qdse} ds seefdji o`dofs l} oljxe}sdljs*

‟ Adsw`nt Naxe}qdsdji* Lj`dje adsw`nt naxe}qdsdji qtwdon``t djoùaes mnjje} nas, djqe}sqdqdn`s, xdael nas, nja }doc beadn nas qcnq ndb ql }enoc `n}ie jubme}s lh oljsube}s

ydqcdj n wn}qdou`n} nuadejoe seibejq* Adsw`nt naxe}qdse}s }uj dbw}essdlj"mnsea onbwndijs lj Hnoemllf dj l}ae} ql }enoc lu} `n}ie use} mnse nja meonuse lh qce nblujq

lh qdbe qcnq use}s sweja ydqc us* _djoe Knjun}t =7>>, Hnoemllf*olb cns meej qce jubme} lje yemsdqe yl}àydae ns bensu}ea mt qlqn` bdjuqes swejq nja qlqn` wnie

xdeys, nool}adji ql nj djausq}t slu}oe* Lj nxe}nie, use}s dj qce nii}einqe swejq bl}e qcnj 4*9 md``dlj bdjuqes we} ant lj Hnoemllf lj we}sljn` olbwuqe}s au}dji

Aeoebme} =7>>* Adsw`nt naxe}qdse}s n`sl use Hnoemllf dj l}ae} ql bl}e w}eodse`t }enoc qced} qn}ieq nuadejoes nblji lu} use}s nja ql èxe}nie slodn` oljqeq nja lu}

slodn` adsq}dmuqdlj ocnjje`s ql djo}ense ejiniebejq* Enbwès lh adsw`nt naxe}qdsdji onbwndijs lj Hnoemllf djoùae;

‟ Yn`bn}q U*_* wu}ocnsea naxe}qdsdji lj Hnoemllf qn}ieqdji use}s dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes meqyeej qce nies lh >3 nja 14 au}dji qce ants su}}lujadji ‐M`nof H}dant‒

dj Jlxebme} =7>>* Qce onbwndij, ycdoc ejolu}niea use}s ql alyj`lna n M`nof H}dant sclwwdji bnw lh qced} `lon` Yn`bn}q U*_* sql}e ql ce`w qceb hdja i}enq

w}does hnsqe}, }enocea 87 bd``dlj Hnoemllf use}s*

‟ Adniel, qce yl}à—s `n}iesq w}lauoe} lh swd}dqs, wu}ocnsea naxe}qdsdji lj Hnoemllf hl} n wl}qhl dl lh dqs m}njas, djo uadji Onwqndj Bl}inj }ub nja _bd}jlhh

xlafn, dj l}ae} ql djo}ense bn}feq scn}e hl} dqs w}lauoqs mt qn}ieqdji use}s dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes lxe} qce nie lh =>* Qce onbwndij }enocea 57 bd``dlj Hnoemllf

use}s, a}lxe n =7% djo}ense dj lhh`dje snès, nja nocdexea n sdijdhdonjq }equ}j lj djxesqbejq ns bensu}ea mt nj djausq}t slu}oe*

‟ We}hl}bnjoe"mnsea Naxe}qdsdji* We}hl}bnjoe"mnsea lj`dje naxe}qdsdji cns qtwdon``t djxl`xea naxe}qdse}s seefdji n sweodhdo use} mecnxdl} suoc ns n o`dof lj n sen}oc na

l} n fetyl}a"mnsea oljqejq na, n }eswljse ql nj ebnd` onbwndij, l} nj lj`dje wu}ocnse* Ye ejnmè jey hl}bs lh we}hl}bnjoe"mnsea naxe}qdsdji, yce}e naxe}qdse}s onj

oljjeoq ydqc use}s ycl n}e `dfe`t ql cnxe aebnja hl} qced} w}lauoqs mnsea lj qce djhl}bnqdlj qcnq lu} use}s cnxe oclsej ql scn}e* Ye me`dexe qcnq we}hl}bnjoe"mnsea

onbwndijs lj Hnoemllf n``ly naxe}qdse}s ql lhhe} qced} w}lauoqs ql use}s ydqc djhe}}ea djqejq nja ejcnjoe use}s— ewe}dejoes mt sclydji qceb }eèxnjq nas qnd`l}ea ql

qced} sweodhdo djqe}esqs* Enbwès lh we}hl}bnjoe"mnsea naxe}qdsdji lj Hnoemllf djoùae;

‟ N `lon` oljoe}q w}lblqe} naxe}qdsea nxnd nmè qdofeqs hl} nj uwolbdji oljoe}q ql use}s ycl `dxea dj qce beq}lwl`dqnj n}en yce}e qce oljoe}q yns ql me ce a nja

ycl cna n`sl @dfea qce n}qdsq*

‟ >"377"H@LYE]_*OLB wu}ocnsea n Blqce}—s Ant naxe}qdsdji onbwndij lj Hnoemllf qn}ieqea nq dqs hnjs nja h}dejas lh dqs hnjs dj l}ae} ql a}dxe q}nhhdo ql dqs

yemsdqe nja djo}ense snès*

‟ _lodn inbe aexe lwe}s djoùadji Adsjet, Eèoq}ljdo N}qs, nja [tjin wu}ocnsea we}hl}bnjoe"mnsea naxe}qdsdji lj Hnoemllf ql a}dxe w`nte} no~udsdqdlj mt

w}lblqdji jey inbe `nujoces nja edsqdji inbes*

• Blmdè Naxe}qdsdji* Qce i`lmn` blmdè naxe}qdsdji bn}feq yns !>*5 md``dlj dj =7>7 nja ds eweoqea ql i}ly nq n 81% olbwluja njjun` }nqe ql !>9*8 md``dlj dj =7>5 nool}adji qlnj djausq}t slu}oe* Nool}adji ql n qcd}a"wn}qt }ewl}q wum`dscea dj _ewqebme} =7>7, qce Hnoemllf nww ds qce blsq h}e~uejq`t alyj`lnaea nww no}lss n`` bnkl} sbn}qwclje

w`nqhl}bs dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes* Ye cna bl}e qcnj 1=5 bd``dlj BNUs ycl usea Hnoemllf blmdè w}lauoqs dj Aeoebme} =7>>* Ye ou}}ejq`t al jlq scly nas l} ad}eoq`t ieje}nqe

njt benjdjihu` }exejue h}lb use}s nooessdji Hnoemllf qc}luic lu} blmdè w}lauoqs, muq ye me`dexe qcnq ye bnt cnxe wlqejqdn` huqu}e bljeqd{nqdlj lwwl}qujdqdes suoc ns qce

djoùsdlj lh swljsl}ea sql}des dj use}s— blmdè Jeys Heeas*

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Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Naxe}qdsdji lj qce slodn` yem ds n sdijdhdonjq bn}feq lwwl}qujdqt qcnq ds sqd`` ebe}idji nja exl`xdji* Ye me`dexe qcnq blsq naxe}qdse}s n}e sqd`` èn}jdji nja ewe}dbejqdji ydqc qce mesq

ynts ql èxe}nie }enoc, }eèxnjoe, slodn` oljqeq, nja ejiniebejq lhhe}ea mt Hnoemllf* Ye yd`` oljqdjue ql mn`njoe lu} ehhl}qs ql mudà ehheoqdxe w}lauoqs hl} naxe}qdse}s ycdè n`sl w}dl}dqd{dji

qce lxe}n`` use} ewe}dejoe, nja qcds mn`njodji ehhl}q yd`` djhùejoe qce jubme} lh nas ye scly nja qce hl}bnqs nja w}lbdjejoe lh qce nas* Lu} sq}nqeit oejqe}s lj qce me`deh qcnq bl}e slodn` nja

}eèxnjq na w}lauoqs n}e bl}e xnùnmè hl} mlqc use}s nja naxe}qdse}s*

Ou}}ejq`t qce sumsqnjqdn` bnkl}dqt lh lu} }exejue ds ieje}nqea mt naxe}qdse}s h}lb bl}e aexe`lwea lj`dje naxe}qdsdji bn}feqs djoùadji qce Ujdqea _qnqes, yesqe}j Eu}lwe, Onjnan, nja

Nusq}n`dn* Qce}e n}e n`sl bnjt ebe}idji na bn}feqs dj ycdoc ye se`` nas nja lqce} olbbe}odn` oljqejq, nja ye eweoq oljqdjuea i}lyqc dj naxe}qdse} aebnja ns qcese bn}feqs bnqu}e, ye

nocdexe djo}ensea exe`s lh use} wejeq}nqdlj nja ejiniebejq, nja ye hu}qce} ewnja lu} snès }eslu}oes aeadonqea ql qcese bn}feqs*

Lu} Bn}feq Lwwl}qujdqt hl} Wntbejqs

Ycej use}s wu}ocnse xd}qun` nja adidqn` illas h}lb lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s usdji lu} Wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e, ye }eoedxe hees qcnq }ew}esejq n wl}qdlj lh qce q}njsnoqdlj xnùe* Ou}}ejq`t,

sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh qce Wntbejqs q}njsnoqdljs meqyeej lu} use}s nja W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s n}e hl} xd}qun` illas usea dj slodn` inbes, hl} enbwè xd}qun` q}noql}s dj qce slodn` inbe Hn}bXd`è*

Nool}adji ql nj djausq}t slu}oe, qce yl}àydae }exejue ieje}nqea h}lb qce snè lh xd}qun` illas djo}ensea h}lb != md``dlj dj =779 ql !9 md``dlj dj =7>7, nja ds hl}eonsqea ql djo}ense ql !>5

md``dlj mt =7>1* Wntbejqs djqei}nqdlj ds ou}}ejq`t }e~ud}ea dj nwws lj Hnoemllf qcnq n}e onqeil}d{ea ns inbes, nja ye bnt seef ql eqeja qce use lh Wntbejqs ql lqce} qtwes lh nwws dj qce huqu}e*

Lu} huqu}e }exejue h}lb Wntbejqs yd`` aeweja lj bnjt hnoql}s, djoùadji lu} suooess dj ejnm`dji W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql mudà ewe}dejoes qcnq ejinie use}s nja o}enqe use} aebnja hl} qced}

w}lauoqs, nja qce hee n}}njiebejqs ye n}e nmè ql jeilqdnqe dj qce huqu}e*

Lu} _q}nqeit

Ye n}e dj qce en}`t ants lh wu}sudji lu} bdssdlj ql bnfe qce yl}à bl}e lwej nja oljjeoqea* Ye me`dexe qcnq ye cnxe n sdijdhdonjq lwwl}qujdqt ql hu}qce} ejcnjoe qce xnùe ye ae`dxe} ql

use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s* Fet eèbejqs lh lu} sq}nqeit n}e;

• Ewnja Lu} I`lmn` Use} Olbbujdqt* Qce}e n}e bl}e qcnj qyl md``dlj i`lmn` Djqe}jeq use}s nool}adji ql nj djausq}t slu}oe nja ye ndb ql oljjeoq n`` lh qceb* Ye cna

315 bd``dlj BNUs i`lmn``t ydqc nww}ldbnqe`t 37% nooessdji Hnoemllf h}lb luqsdae qce Ujdqea _qnqes ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Ye oljqdjue ql hlous lj i}lydji lu} use} mnse

no}lss n`` ieli}nwcdes, djoùadji }e`nqdxe`t èss"wejeq}nqea, `n}ie bn}feqs suoc ns M}n{d`, Ie}bnjt, Djadn, Knwnj, ]ussdn, nja _luqc Fl}en* Ye djqeja ql i}ly lu} use} mnse mt

oljqdjudji lu} bn}feqdji nja use} no~udsdqdlj ehhl}qs nja ejcnjodji lu} w}lauoqs, djoùadji blmdè nwws, dj l}ae} ql bnfe Hnoemllf bl}e nooessdmè nja usehu`*

• Mudà I}enq _lodn` W}lauoqs ql Djo}ense Ejiniebejq* Ye w}dl}dqd{e w}lauoq aexe`lwbejq djxesqbejqs qcnq ye me`dexe yd`` o}enqe ejinidji djqe}noqdljs meqyeej lu} use}s,

aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s lj Hnoemllf, no}lss qce yem, nja lj blmdè aexdoes* Ye oljqdjue ql djxesq sdijdhdonjq`t dj dbw}lxdji lu} ol}e w}lauoqs suoc ns Jeys Heea, Wclqls,

nja I}luws, aexe`lwdji jey w}lauoqs suoc ns Qdbe`dje nja Qdofe}, nja ejnm`dji jey W`nqhl}b nwws nja yemsdqe djqei}nqdljs*

• W}lxdae Use}s ydqc qce Blsq Olbwe``dji Ewe}dejoe* Hnoemllf use}s n}e scn}dji nja }eoedxdji bl}e djhl}bnqdlj no}lss n m}lnae} }njie lh aexdoes* Ql w}lxdae qce blsq

olbwe``dji use} ewe}dejoe, ye oljqdjue ql aexe`lw w}lauoqs nja qeocjl`lides hlousea lj lwqdbd{dji lu} slodn` adsq}dmuqdlj ocnjje`s ql ae`dxe} qce blsq usehu` oljqejq ql enoc

use} mt njn`t{dji nja l}injd{dji xnsq nblujqs lh djhl}bnqdlj dj }en` qdbe*

• Mudà Ejinidji Blmdè Ewe}dejoes* Ye n}e aexlqdji sumsqnjqdn` }eslu}oes ql aexe`lwdji ejinidji blmdè w}lauoqs nja ewe}dejoes hl} n ydae }njie lh w`nqhl}bs, djoùadji

sbn}qwcljes nja henqu}e

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Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

wcljes* Dj naadqdlj, ye n}e yl}fdji no}lss qce blmdè djausq}t ydqc lwe}nql}s, cn}ayn}e bnjuhnoqu}e}s, lwe}nqdji stsqeb w}lxdae}s, nja aexe`lwe}s ql dbw}lxe qce Hnoemllf

ewe}dejoe lj blmdè aexdoes nja bnfe Hnoemllf nxnd`nmè ql bl}e welwè n}luja qce yl}à* Ye cna bl}e qcnj 1=5 bd``dlj BNUs ycl usea Hnoemllf blmdè w}lauoqs dj

Aeoebme} =7>>* Ye me`dexe qcnq blmdè usnie lh Hnoemllf ds o}dqdon` ql bndjqndjdji use} i}lyqc nja ejiniebejq lxe} qce `lji qe}b, nja ye n}e noqdxe`t seefdji ql i}ly blmdè

usnie, n`qcluic suoc usnie ales jlq ou}}ejq`t ad}eoq`t ieje}nqe njt benjdjihu` }exejue*

• Ejnmè Aexe`lwe}s ql Mudà I}enq _lodn` W}lauoqs Usdji qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b* Qce suooess lh W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s nja qce xdm}njot lh lu} W`nqhl}b eolstsqeb n}e fet ql

djo}ensdji use} ejiniebejq* _lodn` inbes cnxe nocdexea sdijdhdonjq èxe`s lh nalwqdlj mt Hnoemllf use}s, nja ye n}e n`sl hlousea lj ejnm`dji qce aexe`lwbejq lh nwws dj

onqeil}des metlja inbes* Hl} enbwè, lu} `nqesq ejcnjoebejqs ql qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b cnxe ejnmèa jey qtwes lh slodn` nwws qcnq hnod`dqnqe scn}dji nja se}ejadwdqlus

adsolxe}t lh busdo, jeys, blxdes, qeèxdsdlj w}li}nbbdji, nja lqce} exe}tant djqe}esqs suoc ns ollfdji nja }ujjdji* Use} ejiniebejq ydqc lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s— nwws nja

yemsdqes o}enqes xnùe hl} Hnoemllf dj bu`qdwè ynts; lu} W`nqhl}b suwwl}qs lu} naxe}qdsdji musdjess meonuse nwws lj Hnoemllf o}enqe use} ejiniebejq qcnq ejnmès us ql scly

nas6 lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s wu}ocnse naxe}qdsdji lj Hnoemllf ql a}dxe q}nhhdo ql qced} nwws nja yemsdqes6 W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s use lu} Wntbejq stsqeb ql hnod`dqnqe q}njsnoqdljsydqc use}s6 nja use}s— ejiniebejq ydqc W`nqhl}b nwws nja yemsdqes oljq}dmuqes ql lu} ujae}sqnjadji lh use}s— djqe}esqs nja w}ehe}ejoes, dbw}lxdji lu} nmd`dqt ql we}sljn`d{e

oljqejq* Ye oljqdjue ql djxesq dj qll`s nja NWDs qcnq ejcnjoe qce nmd`dqt lh W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql ae`dxe} w}lauoqs qcnq n}e bl}e slodn` nja we}sljn`d{ea nja meqqe} ejinie use}s

lj Hnoemllf, no}lss qce yem, nja lj blmdè aexdoes* Naadqdljn``t, ye w`nj ql djxesq dj ejcnjodji lu} Wntbejqs lhhe}djis nja dj bnfdji qce Wntbejqs ewe}dejoe lj Hnoemllf ns

senbèss nja oljxejdejq ns wlssdmè hl} use}s nja W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s*

• Dbw}lxe Na W}lauoqs hl} Naxe}qdse}s nja Use}s* Ye w`nj ql oljqdjue ql dbw}lxe lu} na w}lauoqs dj l}ae} ql o}enqe bl}e xnùe hl} naxe}qdse}s nja ejcnjoe qced} nmd`dqt ql bnfe

qced} naxe}qdsdji bl}e slodn` nja }eèxnjq hl} use}s* Lu} naxe}qdsdji sq}nqeit oejqe}s lj qce me`deh qcnq na w}lauoqs qcnq n}e slodn`, }eèxnjq, nja ye``"djqei}nqea ydqc lqce} oljqejq

lj Hnoemllf onj ejcnjoe qce use} ewe}dejoe ycdè w}lxdadji nj nqq}noqdxe }equ}j hl} naxe}qdse}s* Ye djqeja ql djxesq dj naadqdljn` w}lauoqs hl} lu} naxe}qdse}s nja bn}feqe}s,

suoc ns lu} }eoejq djq}lauoqdlj lh swljsl}ea sql}des dj Jeys Heea, ycdè oljqdjudji ql mn`njoe lu} bljeqd{nqdlj lmkeoqdxes ydqc lu} olbbdqbejq ql lwqdbd{dji qce use}

ewe}dejoe* Ye n`sl oljqdjue ql hlous lj njn`tqdos nja bensu}ebejq qll`s ql exnùnqe, aebljsq}nqe, nja dbw}lxe qce ehheoqdxejess lh na onbwndijs lj Hnoemllf*

Lu} W}lauoqs hl} Use}s, Aexe`lwe}s, nja Naxe}qdse}s

W}lauoqs hl} Use}s

Lu} w}lauoq aexe`lwbejq nww}lnoc ds oejqe}ea lj mudàdji qce blsq usehu` qll`s qcnq ejnmè use}s ql oljjeoq, scn}e, adsolxe}, nja olbbujdonqe ydqc enoc lqce}* Lu} w}lauoqs hl} use}s

n}e h}ee lh ocn}ie nja nxnd`nmè lj qce yem, blmdè yem, nja blmdè w`nqhl}bs suoc ns Nja}lda nja dL_*

• Qdbe`dje* Ye `nujocea Qdbe`dje dj _ewqebme} =7>> ns nj ejcnjoea nja uwanqea xe}sdlj lh qce Hnoemllf W}lhdè ql naa sq}uoqu}e nja l}injd{nqdlj ql qce i}lydji ~unjqdqdes lh

enoc use}—s noqdxdqdes nja slodn` oljqejq* Qdbe`dje n``lys use}s ql l}injd{e nja adsw`nt qce exejqs nja noqdxdqdes qcnq bnqqe} blsq ql qceb, ejnm`dji qceb ql ou}nqe qced} bebl}des djn sen}ocnmè we}sljn` jn}}nqdxe qcnq ds l}injd{ea oc}ljl`lidon``t* Use}s ocllse ycnq djhl}bnqdlj ql scn}e lj qced} Qdbe`dje, suoc ns qced} djqe}esqs, wclqls, eauonqdlj, yl}f cdsql}t,

}e`nqdljscdw sqnqus, nja oljqnoq djhl}bnqdlj, nja use}s onj oljq}l` ydqc yclb enoc wdeoe lh oljqejq ds scn}ea lj qced} Qdbe`dje*

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• Jeys Heea* Qce Hnoemllf Jeys Heea ds qce ol}e henqu}e lh n use}—s clbewnie nja ds n }eiu`n}`t uwanqdji `dsq lh sql}des h}lb h}dejas, Wnies, nja lqce} ejqdqdes ql ycdoc n use} ds

oljjeoqea lj Hnoemllf* Dq djoùaes wlsqs, wclqls, exejq uwanqes, i}luw bebme}scdws, nww uwanqes, nja lqce} noqdxdqdes* Enoc use}—s Jeys Heea ds we}sljn`d{ea mnsea lj cds l} ce}

djqe}esqs nja qce scn}dji noqdxdqt lh qce use}—s h}dejas* _ql}des dj n use}—s Jeys Heea n}e w}dl}dqd{ea mnsea lj sexe}n` hnoql}s, djoùadji cly bnjt h}dejas cnxe @dfea l}

Olbbejqea lj n oe}qndj wdeoe lh oljqejq, ycl wlsqea qce oljqejq, nja ycnq qtwe lh oljqejq dq ds* Jeys Heea ds n fet olbwljejq lh lu} slodn` adsq}dmuqdlj onwnmd`dqt*

Enbwè lh Hnoemllf Jeys Heea

• Wclqls nja Xdaels* Hnoemllf ds qce blsq wlwu`n} wclql uw`lnadji se}xdoe lj qce yem* Lj nxe}nie, bl}e qcnj =57 bd``dlj wclqls we} ant ye}e uw`lnaea ql Hnoemllf dj qce qc}ee

bljqcs ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Use}s onj uw`lna nj uj`dbdqea jubme} lh cdic }eslùqdlj wclqls, o}enqe wclql n`mubs, nja scn}e qceb ydqc qced} h}dejas l} njt nuadejoe qcet

ocllse* Use}s onj n`sl uw`lna nja scn}e xdaels* Use}s onj seq sweodhdo w}dxnot seqqdjis hl} enoc lh qced} wclql n`mubs nja xdaels, bnfdji qceb xdsdmè ql exe}tlje, l} lj`t ql

oe}qndj h}dejas* Use}s onj ensd`t n}}njie qced} wclqls, naa onwqdljs, nja ‐qni‒ welwè dj n wclql l} xdael* Qniidji n``lys use}s ql daejqdht n we}slj dj n wclql l} xdael ns lje lh

qced} h}dejas*

• Bessnies* Lu} bessnidji w}lauoqs djoùae ebnd`, ocnq, nja qeq bessnidji* Qce ae`dxe}t lh bessnies ds lwqdbd{ea hl} qce aexdoe qc}luic ycdoc qce use} ds nooessdji Hnoemllf*

Hl} enbwè, use}s lj qced} blmdè wcljes yd`` }eoedxe bessnies xdn qeq l} Hnoemllf blmdè bessejie}, ycdè qce oljxe}snqdlj ds n`sl sql}ea dj qced} Hnoemllf bessnie djml*

Ye ndb ql me qce hnsqesq nja blsq }e`dnmè ynt hl} use}s ql olbbujdonqe qc}luic;

‟ Ebnd`* Use}s onj seq uw n h}ee Ghnoemllf*olb naa}ess*

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>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

‟ Ocnq* Use}s onj seja bessnies ql qced} h}dejas dj nj djsqnjq bessnie hl}bnq*

‟ Qeq Bessnidji* Use}s onj noqdxnqe qeq bessnidji lj Hnoemllf, n``lydji qce qeqs qcet eocnjie ydqc h}dejas ql me djol}wl}nqea djql qced} }esweoqdxe oljxe}snqdljs

n`lji ydqc qced} bessnie nja ocnq cdsql}t*

• I}luws* I}luws n}e scn}ea Hnoemllf wnies hl} i}luws lh use}s ql adsouss olbblj djqe}esqs* Hl} enbwè, bebme}s lh n slooe} qenb onj w`nj qce senslj—s soceauè qlieqce} nja

scn}e wclqls ydqc enoc lqce}* Use}s n}e nmè ql ousqlbd{e qce w}dxnot seqqdjis hl} enoc I}luw qcet o}enqe*

• @dsqs* @dsqs n``ly use}s ql l}injd{e qced} h}dejas dj l}ae} ql hd`qe} qce sql}des sclyj dj qced} Jeys Heeas nja }enoc l} eoùae sweodhdo welwè ycej qcet scn}e lj Hnoemllf* Hl}

enbwè, use}s onj see Jeys Heea wlsqs h}lb n @dsq lh kusq qced} o`lsesq h}dejas l} njjlujoe n in}nie snè ql n @dsq lh h}dejas ycl }esdae dj qce use}—s ou}}ejq odqt* Use}s n}e nmè ql

ousqlbd{e qce w}dxnot seqqdjis hl} enoc @dsq qcet o}enqe*

• Exejqs* Qc}luic Exejqs, use}s onj l}injd{e inqce}djis, bnjnie djxdqnqdljs, nja seja exejq jlqdhdonqdljs nja }ebdjae}s ql qced} h}dejas* H}lb qce Exejqs wnie, use}s onj o}enqe njey exejq, oceof luq uwolbdji exejqs lh djqe}esq ql qceb nja qced} h}dejas, nja xdey w}exdlus exejqs* Hl} enbwè, use}s onj use Exejqs ql djxdqe qced} h}dejas ql n adjje} wn}qt l}

l}injd{e n }uj dj qce ]noe hl} qce Ou}e ql }ndse nyn}ejess hl} m}ensq onjoe}* Qce}e n}e ou}}ejq`t bl}e qcnj >8 bd``dlj exejqs o}enqea lj Hnoemllf enoc bljqc*

• W`noes* Qc}luic W`noes, use}s onj scn}e qced} `lonqdlj nja see yce}e qced} h}dejas n}e* Qcet n}e nmè ql see dh njt lh qced} h}dejas n}e jen}mt nja oljjeoq ydqc qceb ensd`t* Use}s

onj n`sl oceof dj ql W`noes ql qe`` qced} h}dejas yce}e qcet n}e, qni qced} h}dejas dj qce W`noes qcet xdsdq, l} xdey Olbbejqs qced} h}dejas cnxe bnae nmluq qce W`noes qcet xdsdq*

• _umso}dme* Usdji _umso}dme, use}s onj sdij uw ql }eoedxe wum`do wlsqs dj qced} Jeys Heeas h}lb lqce} Hnoemllf use}s lh djqe}esq suoc ns oeèm}dqdes, qcluicq ènae}s, nja lqce}

wum`do hdiu}es*

• Qdofe}* Qdofe} ds n `dxe sq}enb lh qce }en`"qdbe noqdxdqdes lh n use}—s h}dejas nja qce Wnies nja lqce} ejqdqdes ql ycdoc qce use} ds oljjeoqea*

• Jlqdhdonqdljs* Lj qce qlw lh enoc Hnoemllf wnie, n cdic`dicqea dolj ds adsw`ntea ql use}s ycej qce}e ds }eèxnjq nja jey djhl}bnqdlj nxnd`nmè ql qceb, suoc ns n jey h}deja

}e~uesq, n jey bessnie h}lb n h}deja, l} nj nè}q qcnq qce use} cns meej qniiea dj n wclql wlsqea mt n h}deja* Ye me`dexe qcnq Jlqdhdonqdljs n}e nj dbwl}qnjq wn}q lh Hnoemllf—s

adsq}dmuqdlj onwnmd`dqt*

• Hnoemllf Wnies* N Hnoemllf Wnie ds n wum`do w}lhdè qcnq n``lys njtlje djoùadji n}qdsqs, wum`do hdiu}es, musdjesses, m}njas, l}injd{nqdljs, nja ocn}dqdes ql o}enqe n w}esejoe lj

Hnoemllf nja ejinie ydqc qce Hnoemllf olbbujdqt* N Wnie lyje} onj oljjeoq ydqc djqe}esqea use}s dj l}ae} ql w}lxdae uwanqes, njsye} ~uesqdljs, }eoedxe heeamnof, l}

lqce}ydse sqdbu`nqe djqe}esq dj qce lyje}—s bessnies, w}lauoqs, nja se}xdoes* Ycej n Hnoemllf use} @dfes n Wnie, qce Wnie lyje} cns qce lwwl}qujdqt ql wum`dsc sql}des ql qce

use}—s Jeys Heea lj nj ljildji mnsds* Dj naadqdlj, ycej n Hnoemllf use} @dfes l} Olbbejqs lj n wlsq mt n Wnie lyje}, qcnq use}—s noqdlj bnt me scn}ea ydqc qce use}—s h}dejas

xdn Jeys Heea ql a}dxe nyn}ejess ql n ydae} od}oè lh use}s, djo}ensdji qce Wnie—s ewlsu}e, }eolijdqdlj, nja ejiniebejq* Ye al jlq ocn}ie hl} Wnies, jl} al ye ocn}ie hl} qce

}esu`qdji l}injdo adsq}dmuqdlj* Clyexe}, ye me`dexe qcnq nyn}ejess lh nja ejiniebejq ydqc Wnies onj me nbw`dhdea nja olbwèbejqea mt qce use lh Hnoemllf nas nja swljsl}ea

sql}des mt Wnie lyje}s* Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, qce}e ye}e bl}e qcnj ?9 bd``dlj Wnies ydqc qej l} bl}e @dfes, djoùadji Cn}xn}a, @nat Inin, Qce Beq}lwl`dqnj Buseub lh

N}q, _qn}muofs, nja Mll #qce Yl}à—s Ouqesq Ali$, ns ye`` ns bd``dljs lh `lon` musdjesses*

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Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

W}lauoqs hl} Aexe`lwe}s

Qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b ds n seq lh qll`s nja NWDs qcnq aexe`lwe}s onj use ql mudà slodn` nwws lj Hnoemllf l} ql djqei}nqe qced} yemsdqes ydqc Hnoemllf* Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, bl}e

qcnj sexej bd``dlj nwws nja yemsdqes ye}e djqei}nqea ydqc Hnoemllf* Lu} iln` ds ql bnfe dq enst hl} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s ql djqei}nqe ydqc Hnoemllf nja mudà xnùnmè w}lauoqs nja musdjesses*

Fet eèbejqs lh qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b djoùae;

• Lwej I}nwc* Lu} Lwej I}nwc ds n seq lh NWDs qcnq aexe`lwe}s onj use ql mudà nwws nja yemsdqes qcnq ejnmè use}s ql scn}e qced} noqdxdqdes ydqc h}dejas lj Hnoemllf* Hl} enbwè,

n use} ycl ds `dsqejdji ql busdo qc}luic n aexe`lwe}—s nww l} yemsdqe onj wum`dsc cds l} ce} busdo seèoqdljs ql Hnoemllf yce}e qce busdo onj me scn}ea ydqc h}dejas*

• _lodn` Wùidjs* _lodn` wùidjs n}e slodn` henqu}es qcnq aexe`lwe}s onj ensd`t djqei}nqe ydqc qced} yemsdqes mt djol}wl}nqdji n sdjiè `dje lh CQB@ olae* Hl} enbwè, n aexe`lwe}

onj wuq n ml lj dqs yemsdqe qcnq sclys Hnoemllf use}s ycnq qced} h}dejas cnxe @dfea nja }eolbbejaea lj qce sdqe* _lodn` wùidjs n`sl n``ly use}s ql ensd`t scn}e djqe}esqdji

oljqejq mnof ql Hnoemllf qcnq onj me adsq}dmuqea ql qced} h}dejas qc}luic Jeys Heea, Qdbe`dje, nja Qdofe}* Qce hl``lydji henqu}es n}e enbwès lh hujoqdljn`dqt w}lxdaea qc}luicslodn` wùidjs;

‟ @dfe Muqqlj* N``lys use}s ql scn}e oljqejq h}lb n qcd}a"wn}qt yemsdqe ql Hnoemllf nja qced} h}dejas ydqc lje o`dof*

‟ ]eolbbejanqdljs* N``lys n yemsdqe ql adsw`nt ql Hnoemllf use}s ycnq qced} h}dejas cnxe }eolbbejaea*

‟ _djiè _dij"Lj ]eidsq}nqdlj nja @li"Dj* N``lys use}s ql ensd`t sdij uw hl} nooess ql qcd}a"wn}qt yemsdqes ydqc qced} Hnoemllf noolujqs, e`dbdjnqdji qce jeea hl} use}s

ql o}enqe njlqce} use}jnbe nja wnssyl}a*

‟ Olbbejqs* N``lys use}s ql wlsq qced} xdeys, ~uesqdljs, nja o}dqd~ues lj njt wdeoe lh oljqejq lj n yemsdqe*

• Wntbejqs* Hnoemllf w}lxdaes nj lj`dje wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e qcnq ejnmès aexe`lwe}s ql }eoedxe wntbejqs h}lb use}s qc}luic nj ehhdodejq nja seou}e stsqeb* Aexe`lwe}s onj

hlous lj o}enqdji ejinidji nwws nja oljqejq }nqce} qcnj swejadji qdbe nja }eslu}oes ql mudà wntbejq w}loessdji nja h}nua bnjniebejq onwnmd`dqdes* Lu} use}s onj sql}e qced}

wntbejq o}eaejqdn`s ydqc Hnoemllf dj n q}usqea nja snhe ejxd}ljbejq, hnod`dqnqdji enst nja hnsq wu}ocnses no}lss qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b }nqce} qcnj cnxdji ql }e"nuqcejqdonqe nja

}e"ejqe} wntbejq djhl}bnqdlj hl} enoc aexe`lwe}* Ye aesdijea lu} Wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e ql sq}enb`dje qce mutdji w}loess meqyeej lu} use}s nja aexe`lwe}s* Lu} Wntbejqs

stsqeb ejnmès use}s ql wu}ocnse xd}qun` l} adidqn` illas h}lb aexe`lwe}s nja qcd}a"wn}qt yemsdqes mt usdji aemdq nja o}eadq on}as, WntWn`, blmdè wclje wntbejqs, idhq on}as l}

lqce} beqclas* Ye cnxe n`sl eqejaea lu} Wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e ql suwwl}q blmdè yem nwws lj oe}qndj blmdè w`nqhl}bs*

Aexe`lwe}s cnxe usea qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b ql mudà n xn}deqt lh use} ewe}dejoes, djoùadji nwws lj Hnoemllf, aesfqlw nwws, blmdè nwws, nja W`nqhl}b"djqei}nqea yemsdqes, enoc lh

ycdoc onj qnfe naxnjqnie lh qce onwnmd`dqdes lh qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b*

• Nwws lj Hnoemllf* Nwws lj Hnoemllf }uj ydqcdj qce Hnoemllf yemsdqe* _lodn` inbes n}e ou}}ejq`t qce blsq suooesshu` nwws lj Hnoemllf* Qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b cns n`slejnmèa jey qtwes lh slodn` nwws lj Hnoemllf metlja inbes ql hnod`dqnqe slodn` scn}dji nja adsolxe}t lh busdo, jeys, qeèxdsdlj w}li}nbbdji, nja exe}tant djqe}esqs suoc ns

ollfdji, hdqjess, nja q}nxe`* Hl} enbwè, Qce Ynscdjiqlj Wlsq _lodn` ]enae} ds nj nww lj Hnoemllf qcnq lhhe}s n we}sljn`d{ea jeys }enadji ewe}dejoe dj ycdoc enoc use} sees n

ujd~ue seq lh sql}des qnd`l}ea ql qce use}—s djqe}esqs nja mnsea lj ycnq cds l} ce} h}dejas n}e }enadji* Nssubdji qce use} cns idxej qce nww we}bdssdlj, sql}des }ena mt n use} n}e

djsqnjq`t scn}ea ydqc h}dejas, o}enqdji n slodn``t wlye}ea jeysyd}e lh }eèxnjq n}qdoès* Nwws

31


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

lj Hnoemllf ieje}n``t cnxe Hnoemllf nas xdsdmè lj qce }dicq sdae lh qce wnie nja onj djqei}nqe ydqc Hnoemllf Wntbejqs*

• Aesfqlw Nwws* Aexe`lwe}s onj n`sl mudà aesfqlw nwws qcnq }uj lj qce lwe}nqdji stsqeb lh n we}sljn` olbwuqe} nja lhhe} ewe}dejoes qcnq n}e djqei}nqea ydqc qce Hnoemllf

W`nqhl}b* Hl} enbwè, _wlqdht, nj lj`dje busdo se}xdoe, w}lxdaes n aesfqlw nww djqei}nqea ydqc Hnoemllf qcnq lhhe}s n slodn` `dsqejdji ewe}dejoe mt idxdji use}s qce nmd`dqt ql

scn}e qced} w`nt`dsqs, `dsqej ql sljis ydqc h}dejas, nja ew`l}e jey busdo qc}luic qced} h}dejas*

• Blmdè Nwws* Qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b hl} blmdè cns ejnmèa aexe`lwe}s ql o}enqe ejinidji blmdè nwws qcnq djqei}nqe ydqc Hnoemllf—s slodn` nja we}sljn`d{nqdlj onwnmd`dqdes*

• W`nqhl}b"Djqei}nqea Yemsdqes* Yemsdqes onj djqei}nqe ydqc Hnoemllf usdji sdbwè slodn` wùidjs suoc ns qce @dfe muqqlj l} aesdij bl}e aeew`t dj qei}nqea slodn` ewe}dejoes mud`q

n}luja use}s nja qced} h}dejas* Hl} enbwè, mt qnwwdji djql lu} }doc slodn` anqn, Q}dwNaxdsl} oljjeoqs use}s ql qced} h}dejas nja scn}es }eèxnjq oljqejq nmluq yce}e qced} h}dejas

cnxe q}nxeèa nja yce}e qcet yluà `dfe ql xdsdq dj qce huqu}e* Ycdè lj qce Q}dwNaxdsl} yemsdqe, h}dejas onj adsouss qced} q}nxe` w`njs nja }eolbbejanqdljs nja mudà luq

we}sljn` w}lhdès lh w`noes qcet cnxe meej*

Enbwè lh W`nqhl}b"Djqei}nqea Qcd}a"Wn}qt Yemsdqe; Q}dwNaxdsl}

Use}s onj `li dj

ydqc qced} Hnoemllf

noolujq nja }eoedxe

we}sljn`d{ea }exdeys

nja }eolbbejanqdljs

mnsea lj qce noqdxdqdes lh

qced} Hnoemllf h}dejas

35


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

W}lauoqs hl} Naxe}qdse}s nja Bn}feqe}s

Hnoemllf lhhe}s w}lauoqs qcnq ejnmè naxe}qdse}s nja bn}feqe}s ql exe}nie lu} ujd~ue olbmdjnqdlj lh }enoc, }eèxnjoe, slodn` oljqeq, nja ejiniebejq*

• Hnoemllf Nas* Ycej o}enqdji n Hnoemllf na, naxe}qdse}s onj sweodht n qdqè, oljqejq, dbnie, nja aesqdjnqdlj yem wnie l} Hnoemllf Wnie ql ycdoc n use} ds ad}eoqea dh ce l} sce

o`dofs lj qce na* Meonuse ye cnxe n sqnjan}a hl}bnq hl} Hnoemllf nas, lu} use}s mejehdq h}lb n oljsdsqejq na ewe}dejoe, nja lu} naxe}qdse}s n}e nmè ql aew`lt nja nakusq

onbwndijs }nwda`t* Naxe}qdse}s onj hu}qce} ejinie qced} djqejaea nuadejoes mt djol}wl}nqdji slodn` oljqeq ydqc qced} bn}feqdji bessnies* _lodn` oljqeq djoùaes noqdljs n use}—s

h}dejas cnxe qnfej, suoc ns @dfdji qce naxe}qdse}—s Hnoemllf Wnie* Nas ydqc slodn` oljqeq n}e sclyj lj`t ql n use}—s h}dejas, nja qce use}—s w}dxnot seqqdjis nww`t ql slodn` nas*

Ye lhhe} n }njie lh nas ydqc slodn` oljqeq, h}lb nj na ydqc n sdjiè @dfe muqqlj ql lu} W}ebdub Na wnd}ea ydqc slodn oljqeq, ycdoc n``lys naxe}qdse}s ql cdic`dicq qce

djqe}noqdljs lh n use}—s h}dejas ydqc n m}nja l} w }lauoq*

• _wljsl}ea _ql}des* _wljsl}ea sql}des ejnmè bn}feqe}s ql w}lblqe qce sql}des qcet wum`dsc h}lb qced} Hnoemllf Wnie ql use}s ycl cnxe oljjeoqea ydqc qce Wnie l} ql nbw`dht qceadsq}dmuqdlj lh sql}des use}s n}e n`}enat scn}dji qcnq n}e }eèxnjq ql qced} bn}feqdji ehhl}qs* Hl} enbwè, ycej n use} @dfes ]ea Mu``, ]ea Mu`` onj wnt ql nbw`dht qce }enoc,

h}e~uejot lh adsq}dmuqdlj, nja w}lbdjejoe ydqc ycdoc qce sql}t ds sclyj ql h}dejas lh qcnq use}*

Enbwès lh Hnoemllf W}lauoqs hl} Naxe}qdse}s nja Bn}feqe}s

• Hnoemllf Na _tsqeb* Ycej naxe}qdse}s o}enqe nj na onbwndij ydqc Hnoemllf, qcet sweodht qce qtwes lh use}s qcet yluà `dfe ql }enoc mnsea lj djhl}bnqdlj qcnq use}s oclse ql

scn}e nmluq qced} nie, `lonqdlj, iejae}, }e`nqdljscdw sqnqus, eauonqdljn` cdsql}t, yl}fw`noe, nja djqe}esqs* Hl} enbwè, n se`h"sql}nie olbwnjt }nj n onbwndij ql }enoc squaejqs lj

ol`èie onbwuses w}dl} ql subbe} m}enf* Naadqdljn``t, naxe}qdse}s djadonqe qce bndbub w}doe qcet n}e yd``dji ql wnt hl} qced} na nja qced} bndbub muaieq* Naxe}qdse}s ocllseql wnt hl} qced} nas mnsea lj edqce} olsq we} qclusnja dbw}essdljs #OWB$ lj n hdea l} mdaaea mnsds l} olsq we} o`dof #OWO$ lj n mdaaea mnsds* Lu} stsqeb n`sl suwwl}qs iun}njqeea

ae`dxe}t lh n hdea jubme} lh na dbw}essdljs hl} n hdea w}doe* Hnoemllf—s na se}xdji qeocjl`lit atjnbdon``t aeqe}bdjes qce mesq nxnd`nmè na ql scly enoc use} mnsea lj qce

olbmdjnqdlj lh qce use}—s ujd~ue nqq}dmuqes nja qce }en`"qdbe olbwn}dslj lh mdas h}lb e`didmè nas*

38


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Enbwès lh Cly Lu} Na _tsqeb Bnqoces ]eèxnjq Nas ql Djhl}bnqdlj n Use} cns O clsej ql _cn}e

Djhl}bnqdlj use}

ocllses ql scn}e

Wlqejqdn` nas adsw`ntea

mnsea lj djhl}bnqdlj qce

use} cns scn}ea

• Na Njn`tqdos* Naxe}qdse}s onj use lu} njn`tqdos w`nqhl}b ql q}nof nja lwqdbd{e qce we}hl}bnjoe lh qced} onbwndijs dj }en` qdbe* Hnoemllf na njn`tqdos ejnmè naxe}qdse}s ql indj

djsdicqs djql ycdoc nas ye}e adsw`ntea nja o`dofea lj* Qcese njn`tqdos ce`w naxe}qdse}s bnfe bladhdonqdljs ql qced} na onbwndijs dj l}ae} ql bndbd{e }esu`qs* Naxe}qdse}s ydqc

Hnoemllf Wnies onj n`sl xdey qce jubme} lh use}s ycl @dfea nja Olbbejqea lj qced} Wnie nja n jey`t djq}lauoea beq}do, ‐Welwè Qn`fdji Nmluq Qcds,‒ ycdoc sclys cly

bnjt sql}des nmluq qced} m}nja n}e medji o}enqea nja scn}ea*

Mudàdji nja Bndjqndjdji Use} Q}usq

Q}usq ds n ol}je}sqlje lh lu} musdjess* Ye aeadonqe sdijdhdonjq }eslu}oes ql qce iln` lh mudàdji use} q}usq qc}luic aexe`lwdji nja dbwèbejqdji w}li}nbs aesdijea ql w}lqeoq use} w}dxnot,

w}lblqe n snhe ejxd}ljbejq, nja nssu}e qce seou}dqt lh use} anqn* Qce }eslu}oes ye aeadonqe ql qcds iln` djoùae ejidjee}s, njn`tsqs, `nyte}s, wl`dot ewe}qs, nja lwe}nqdljs sweodn`dsqs, ns ye`` ns

cn}ayn}e nja slhqyn}e h}lb ènadji xejal}s nja slùqdljs ye cnxe aesdijea nja mud`q*

• W}dxnot nja _cn}dji* Welwè olbe ql Hnoemllf ql oljjeoq nja scn}e* W}lqeoqdji use} w}dxnot ds nj dbwl}qnjq wn}q lh lu} w}lauoq aexe`lwbejq w}loess* Lu} lmkeoqdxe ds ql idxe

use}s ocldoe lxe} ycnq qcet scn}e nja ydqc yclb qcet scn}e dq* Qcds ehhl}q ds hujanbejqn` ql lu} musdjess nja hlouses lj oljq}l`, q}njswn}ejot, nja noolujqnmd`dqt*

‟ Oljq}l`* Ye me`dexe qcnq mt w}lxdadji lu} use}s ydqc oèn} nja enst"ql"use oljq}l`s, ye yd`` oljqdjue ql w}lblqe q}usq dj lu} w}lauoqs* Hl} enbwè, ycej n use} wlsqs n

sqnqus uwanqe l}

39


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

uw`lnas n wclql ql Hnoemllf, lu} dj"`dje oljq}l`s n``ly qce use} ql seèoq cds l} ce} nuadejoe nq qce snbe qdbe qcnq ce l} sce ds wum`dscdji qce wlsq* Dj naadqdlj, ye cnxe

djq}lauoea lqce} we}sljn` djhl}bnqdlj oljq}l` qll`s nja qeocjd~ues* ‐Noqdxdqt @li‒ yns }eoejq`t djq}lauoea nja ds n ujdhdea qll` qcnq use}s onj use ql }exdey nja bnjnie

qce oljqejq qcet cnxe wlsqea nja qce noqdljs qcet cnxe qnfej lj Hnoemllf* Hl} enbwè, usdji qce Noqdxdqt @li, n use} onj xdey cds l} ce} noqdxdqt ydqc n wn}qdou`n} nww,

aeèqe n sweodhdo wlsq, ocnjie ycl onj see n wclql, l} }eblxe nj nww olbwèqe`t* Naadqdljn``t, lu} ‐Alyj`lna Tlu} Djhl}bnqdlj‒ qll` ejnmès use}s ql }eblxe l} sql}e

qced} we}sljn` djhl}bnqdlj lhh lh Hnoemllf*

‟ Q}njswn}ejot* Lu} Anqn Use Wl`dot aeso}dmes dj w`ndj `njiunie lu} anqn use w}noqdoes nja cly w}dxnot yl}fs lj Hnoemllf* Ye n`sl lhhe} n jubme} lh qll`s nja henqu}es

qcnq w}lxdae use}s ydqc q}njswn}ejot nmluq qced} djhl}bnqdlj lj Hnoemllf* Lu} nww`donqdlj seqqdjis henqu}e ejnmès use}s ql xdey enoc lh qce nwws qcet cnxe oclsej ql

use, qce djhl}bnqdlj jeeaea mt enoc nww, nja qce nuadejoe ydqc yclb qce use} cns oclsej ql scn}e cds l} ce} djqe}noqdljs ydqc enoc nww* Ye me`dexe qcnq qcds

q}njswn}ejot ejnmès use}s ql bnfe bl}e djhl}bea aeodsdljs nmluq qced} noqdxdqdes lj Hnoemllf*

‟ Noolujqnmd`dqt* Ye oljqdjue ql mudà jey w}loeau}n` snheiun}as ns wn}q lh lu} olbw}ecejsdxe w}dxnot w}li}nb* Qcese djoùae n aeadonqea qenb lh w}dxnot w}lhessdljn`s

ycl n}e djxl`xea dj jey w}lauoq nja henqu}e aexe`lwbejq h}lb aesdij qc}luic `nujoc6 ljildji }exdey nja bljdql}dji lh qce ynt anqn ds cnjaèa mt edsqdji henqu}es

nja nwws6 nja }dil}lus anqn seou}dqt w}noqdoes* Ye }eiu`n}`t yl}f ydqc lj`dje w}dxnot nja snheqt ewe}qs nja }eiu`nql}s n}luja qce yl}à* Dj Jlxebme} =7>>, ye

njjlujoea n =7"ten} ni}eebejq ydqc qce Heae}n` Q}nae Olbbdssdlj ql ejcnjoe lu} w}dxnot w}li}nb* Ye bnae n oèn} nja hl}bn` `lji"qe}b olbbdqbejq ql idxdji use}s

qll`s ql oljq}l` cly qcet scn}e lj Hnoemllf* Ye n`sl cnxe ujae}ilje nj nuadq mt qce Lhhdoe lh qce D}dsc Anqn W}lqeoqdlj Olbbdssdlje}* Qce nuadq olbw}ecejsdxe`t

}exdeyea lu} olbw`dnjoe ydqc D}dsc anqn w}lqeoqdlj `ny, ycdoc ds i}lujaea dj Eu}lwenj anqn w}lqeoqdlj w}djodwès* Ns wn}q lh qce nuadq w}loess, ye ni}eea ql ejcnjoe

xn}dlus anqn w}lqeoqdlj nja w}dxnot w}noqdoes ql ejsu}e olbw`dnjoe ydqc qce `ny nja nace}ejoe ql djausq}t mesq w}noqdoes*

• _nheqt* Ye aesdij lu} w}lauoqs ql djoùae }lmusq snheqt qll`s* Qcese qll`s n}e oluwèa ydqc eauonqdljn` }eslu}oes nja wn}qje}scdws ydqc lj`dje snheqt ewe}qs ql lhhe} w}lqeoqdljs

hl} n`` use}s, wn}qdou`n}`t qeejnie}s* Ye qnfe djql noolujq qce ujd~ue jeeas lh qeejnie}s ycl use lu} se}xdoe nja ebw`lt nie"nww}lw}dnqe seqqdjis qcnq }esq}doq qced} xdsdmd`dqt, `dbdq

qce nuadejoe ydqc yclb qcet onj scn}e, nja ce`w w}exejq ujynjqea oljqnoq h}lb sq}njie}s*

Lu} nmuse }ewl}qdji djh}nsq}uoqu}e n``lys njtlje lj Hnoemllf ql }ewl}q djnww}lw}dnqe, lhhejsdxe, l} anjie}lus oljqejq qc}luic ‐}ewl}q‒ `djfs hluja lj jen}`t exe}t wnie lh lu}

sdqe* Ye cnxe ejcnjoea qcds }ewl}qdji stsqeb ql djoùae ‐_lodn` ]ewl}qdji,‒ ycdoc idxes use}s qce lwqdlj ql }ewl}q oljqejq ql us, ql }ewl}q oljqejq ql n q}usqea h}deja, l} ql m`lof

qce we}slj ycl wlsqea qce oljqejq ydqc lje enst"ql" use qll`* Lu} _nheqt Naxdsl}t Mln}a, olbw}dsea lh hdxe ènadji lj`dje snheqt l}injd{nqdljs h}lb n}luja qce yl}à, naxdses us

lj w}lauoq aesdij nja ce`ws us ql o}enqe olbw}ecejsdxe snheqt }eslu}oes hl} exe}tlje ycl uses lu} se}xdoe* Qcese }eslu}oes n}e `lonqea dj lu} bu`qdbeadn Hnbd`t _nheqt Oejqe}

lj lu} yemsdqe, ycdoc n`sl lhhe}s sweodn` djhl}bnqdlj hl} wn}ejqs, eauonql}s, qeejnie}s, nja bebme}s lh qce `ny ejhl}oebejq olbbujdqt* Naadqdljn``t, ye yl}f ydqc `ny

ejhl}oebejq ql ce`w w}lblqe qce snheqt lh lu} use}s ns }e~ud}ea mt `ny*

•

_eou}dqt* Ye djxesq dj qeocjl`lit, w}loesses, nja welwè ns wn}q lh lu} olbbdqbejq ql snheiun}adji lu} use}s— djhl}bnqdlj* Ye use n xn}deqt lh qeocjd~ues ql w}lqeoq qce anqn qcnq

ye n}e ejq}usqea ydqc, nja ye }e`t lj bu`qdwè `nte}s lh jeqyl}f sei}einqdlj usdji hd}eyn``s ql w}lqeoq nindjsq nqqnofs l} ujnuqcl}d{ea nooess* Ye n`sl ebw`lt w}lw}deqn}t

qeocjl`lides ql w}lqeoq lu} use}s* Hl} enbwè, dh ye susweoq qcnq n use}—s noolujq bnt cnxe meej olbw}lbdsea, ye bnt use n w}loess qcnq ye }ehe} ql ns ‐slodn` nuqcejqdonqdlj‒ ql

xn`danqe qcnq qce we}slj nooessdji qce noolujq ds qce noqun` noolujq clàe}* Qce w}loess lh slodn` nuqcejqdonqdlj bnt djoùae nsfdji qce we}slj nooessdji qce noolujq ql

33


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

daejqdht wclqls lh qce noolujq clàe}—s h}dejas* Lu} seou}dqt qenb noqdxe`t sonjs hl} seou}dqt xu`je}nmd`dqdes usdji olbbe}odn` qll`s, wejeq}nqdlj qesqs, olae seou}dqt }exdeys, nja

djqe}jn` nja eqe}jn` nuadqs* Ye n`sl cnxe n jeqyl}f lh ieli}nwcdon``t adsq}dmuqea sdjiè"qejnjq anqn oejqe}s, nja ye qnfe bensu}es ql w}lqeoq qce djhl}bnqdlj sql}ea dj qcese anqn

oejqe}s*

Olbweqdqdlj

Ye hnoe sdijdhdonjq olbweqdqdlj dj n`blsq exe}t nsweoq lh lu} musdjess, djoùadji h}lb olbwnjdes suoc ns Illiè, Bdo}lslhq, nja Qydqqe}, ycdoc lhhe} n xn}deqt lh Djqe}jeq w}lauoqs,

se}xdoes, oljqejq, nja lj`dje naxe}qdsdji lhhe}djis, ns ye`` ns h}lb blmdè olbwnjdes nja sbn`è} Djqe}jeq olbwnjdes qcnq lhhe} w}lauoqs nja se}xdoes qcnq bnt olbweqe ydqc sweodhdo Hnoemllf

henqu}es* Ye n`sl hnoe olbweqdqdlj h}lb q}nadqdljn` nja lj`dje beadn musdjesses hl} n scn}e lh naxe}qdse}s— muaieqs nja dj qce aexe`lwbejq lh qce qll`s nja stsqebs hl} bnjnidji nja lwqdbd{dji

naxe}qdsdji onbwndijs* Ye olbweqe m}lna`t ydqc Illiè—s slodn` jeqyl}fdji lhhe}djis, djoùadji Illiè&, ycdoc dq cns djqei}nqea ydqc oe}qndj lh dqs w}lauoqs, djoùadji sen}oc nja Nja}lda* Dj

naadqdlj, ye olbweqe ydqc lqce}, `n}ie`t }eidljn`, slodn` jeqyl}fs qcnq cnxe sq}lji wlsdqdljs dj wn}qdou`n} olujq}des, djoùadji Otyl}à dj Fl}en, Bdd dj Knwnj, L}fuq #lyjea mt Illiè$ djM}n{d` nja Djadn, nja xFljqnfqe dj ]ussdn* Ns ye djq}lauoe jey w}lauoqs, ns lu} edsqdji w}lauoqs exl`xe, l} ns lqce} olbwnjdes djq}lauoe jey w}lauoqs nja se}xdoes, ye bnt meolbe sumkeoq ql

naadqdljn` olbweqdqdlj*

Qce n}ens dj ycdoc ye olbweqe djoùae;

• Use}s nja Ejiniebejq* Ye olbweqe ql nqq}noq, ejinie, nja }eqndj use}s* Meonuse lu} w}lauoqs hl} use}s n}e h}ee lh ocn}ie, ye olbweqe mnsea lj qce uqd`dqt, ense lh use,

we}hl}bnjoe, nja ~un`dqt lh lu} w}lauoqs*

• Naxe}qdsdji* Ye olbweqe ql nqq}noq nja }eqndj naxe}qdse}s* Ye adsqdjiudsc lu} w}lauoqs mt w}lxdadji }enoc, }eèxnjoe, slodn` oljqeq, nja ejiniebejq ql nbw`dht qce ehheoqdxejess

lh naxe}qdse}s— bessnies*

• W`nqhl}b* Ye olbweqe ql nqq}noq nja }eqndj aexe`lwe}s ql mudà olbwe``dji nwws nja yemsdqes qcnq djqei}nqe ydqc Hnoemllf* Ye olbweqe dj qcds n}en w}dbn}d`t mnsea lj qce xnùe

lh qce qll`s nja NWDs ye w}lxdae ql aexe`lwe}s ql ejnmè qceb ql nooess lu} `n}ie i`lmn` mnse lh ejiniea use}s nja qced} oljjeoqdljs nja ql a}dxe q}nhhdo ql qced} nwws nja yemsdqes*

• Qnèjq* Ye olbweqe ql nqq}noq nja }eqndj cdic`t qnèjqea djadxdaun s, esweodn` t slhqyn}e ejidjee}s, aesdije}s, nja w}lauoq bnjnie}s* Olbweqdqdlj hl} ebw`ltee qnèjq ds

wn}qdou`n}`t djqejse dj qce _nj H}njodsol Mnt N}en, yce}e ye n}e cena~un}qe}ea* Ye olbweqe hl} qcese wlqejqdn` ebw`ltees mt w}lxdadji n yl}f ejxd}ljbejq qcnq hlsqe}s nja

}eyn}as o}enqdxdqt nja djjlxnqdlj nja mt w}lxdadji olbwejsnqdlj wnofnies qcnq ye me`dexe yd`` ejnmè us ql nqq}noq nja }eqndj fet ebw`ltees*

Ycdè lu} djausq}t ds exl`xdji }nwda`t nja ds meolbdji djo}ensdji`t olbweqdqdxe, ye me`dexe qcnq ye olbweqe hnxl}nm`t lj qce hnoql}s aeso}dmea nmlxe* Hl} naadqdljn` djhl}bnqdlj, see

‐]dsf Hnoql}s‑Lu} musdjess ds cdic`t olbweqdqdxe* Olbweqdqdlj w}esejqs nj ljildji qc}enq ql qce suooess lh lu} musdjess*‒

Qeocjl`lit

Ye cnxe nssebmèa n qenb lh cdic`t sfd`èa ejidjee}s nja olbwuqe} sodejqdsqs yclse ewe}qdse swnjs n m}lna }njie lh qeocjdon` n}ens* Ye bnfe sdijdhdonjq djxesqbejqs dj w}lauoq nja

henqu}e aexe`lwbejq, anqn bnjniebejq nja we}sljn`d{nqdlj qeocjl`lides, n}ie"sonè stsqebs nja son`nmè djh}nsq}uoqu}e, nja naxe}qdsdji qeocjl`lides, ns hl``lys;

• W}lauoq nja Henqu}e Aexe`lwbejq* Ye ndb ql oljqdjulus`t dbw}lxe lu} edsqdji w}lauoqs nja ql aexe`lw jey w}lauoqs hl} lu} use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s* Lu} w}lauoq

aexe`lwbejq wcd`lslwct ds oejqe}ea lj oljqdjulus djjlxnqdlj dj o}enqdji w}lauoqs qcnq n}e slodn` mt aesdij, ycdoc benjs qcnq lu} w}lauoqs n}e aesdijea ql w`noe lu} use}s nja

qced} slodn` djqe}noqdljs nq qce ol}e lh qce w}lauoq ewe}dejoe*

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Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• Anqn Bnjniebejq nja We}sljn`d{nqdlj Qeocjl`lides* Ql w}lxdae enoc use} ydqc n we}sljn`d{ea Hnoemllf ewe}dejoe, ye busq w}loess nja njn`t{e n xnsq nja i}lydji nblujq

lh oljqejq scn}ea mt lu} use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s nja su}hnoe qce blsq }eèxnjq oljqejq dj }en` qdbe* Hl} enbwè, `lnadji n use} —s clbe wnie qtwdon``t }e~ud}es nooessdji

cuja}eas lh se}xe}s, w}loessdji qejs lh qclusnjas lh djadxdaun` wdeoes lh anqn, nja ae`dxe}dji qce djhl}bnqdlj seèoqea dj èss qcnj lje seolja* Dj naadqdlj, qce anqn }e`nqdljscdws

cnxe i}lyj ewljejqdn``t nja n}e oljsqnjq`t ocnjidji* Ns suoc, ye cnxe djxesqea eqejsdxe`t dj aexe`lwdji qeocjl`lides nja njn`tqdos dj n}ens djoùadji;

‟ Oljqejq lwqdbd{nqdlj nja ae`dxe}t* Ye use n w}lw}deqn}t adsq}dmuqea stsqeb qcnq ds nmè ql ~ue}t qclusnjas lh wdeoes lh oljqejq qcnq bnt me lh djqe}esq ql nj djadxdaun`

use} ql aeqe}bdje qce blsq }eèxnjq nja qdbe`t sql}des nja ae`dxe} qceb ql qce use} dj bd``dseoljas*

‟ I}nwc ~ue}t* Lu} i}nwc ~ue}t qeocjl`lit ejnmès us ql ehhdodejq`t w}loess sumkeoqdxe ~ue}des nmluq qce _lodn` I}nwc mt uqd`d{dji n w}lw}deqn}t seq lh sen}oc djadoes,

~ue}t w}loessl}s, nja onocdji stsqebs*

‟ Beadn sql}nie nja se}xdji* Ye sql}e bl}e qcnj >77 weqnmtqes #>77 ~una}d``dlj mtqes$ lh wclqls nja xdaels* Ye cnxe mud`q n jubme} lh sql}nie nja se}xdji qeocjl`lides,suoc ns Cntsqnof, ycdoc n``ly us ql ehhdodejq`t se}xe nja sql}e qce anqn*

‟ @n}ie"sonè anqn bnjniebejq* Ye aexe`lwea Nwnoce Cdxe, n anqn yn}ecluse djh}nsq}uoqu}e mud`q lj qlw lh Cnallw, ql w}lxdae qll`s ql ejnmè enst anqn subbn}d{nqdlj,

na clo ~ue}tdji, nja njn`tsds lh `n}ie anqnseqs*

‟ _lhqyn}e we}hl}bnjoe* Hnoemllf*olb ds `n}ie`t y}dqqej dj WCW, l} Ctwe}qeq W}ew}loessl}, n ydae`t usea, ieje}n`"wu}wlse so}dwqdji `njiunie* Ye aexe`lwea CdwClw,

ycdoc w}li}nbbnqdon``t q}njshl}bs WCW slu}oe olae djql cdic`t lwqdbd{ea O&& olae* CdwClw lhhe}s sdijdhdonjq we}hl}bnjoe indjs ycej olbwn}ea ql q}nadqdljn` WCW*

• @n}ie"_onè _tsqebs nja _on`nmè Djh}nsq}uoqu}e* Lu} w}lauoqs n}e mud`q lj n scn}ea olbwuqdji djh}nsq}uoqu}e* Ye use n olbmdjnqdlj lh lhh"qce"sce`h nja ousqlb slhqyn}e

}ujjdji lj oùsqe}s lh olbbladqt olbwuqe}s ql nbnss sumsqnjqdn` olbwuqdji onwnmd`dqt* Lu} djh}nsq}uoqu}e cns ejnmèa qce sql}nie nja w}loessdji lh `n}ie anqnseqs nja hnod`dqnqea

qce aew`ltbejq lh lu} w}lauoqs lj n i`lmn` sonè* Ns lu} use} mnse i}lys, nja qce èxe` lh ejiniebejq nja scn}dji h}lb lu} use}s oljqdjues ql djo}ense, lu} olbwuqdji jeeas

oljqdjue ql ewnja* Ye ndb ql w}lxdae lu} w}lauoqs }nwda`t nja }e`dnm`t ql n`` use}s n}luja qce yl}à, djoùadji dj olujq}des yce}e ye al jlq eweoq sdijdhdonjq scl}q"qe}b

bljeqd{nqdlj* Ye eweoq ql mejehdq dh nja ns qce we}"ujdq w}dodji hl} olbwuqdji wlye}, bebl}t nja sql}nie onwnodqt oljqdjues ql aeo}ense* Ye n`sl djqeja ql oljqdjue ql aexe`lw

anqn oejqe} nja se}xe} n}ocdqeoqu}es qcnq n}e lwe}nqdljn``t ehhdodejq, son`nmè, nja }e`dnmè* Mt mudàdji ousqlb se}xe}s nja oljsq}uoqdji lu} hd}sq lyjea anqn oejqe} dj W}djexd`è,

L}eilj, ye djq}lauoea jube}lus qeocjl`lit naxnjoebejqs qcnq n}e aesdijea ql;

‟ e`dbdjnqe jlj"essejqdn` olbwljejqs, qce}emt }eauodji qce olsq nja dbw}lxdji qce se}xdoenmd`dqt lh se}xe}s6

‟ dbw}lxe se}xe} oll`dji nja wlye} adsq}dmuqdlj no}lss mlqc qce anqn oejqe} nja se}xe}s ql bdjdbd{e wlye} `lss6 nja

‟ lwqdbd{e qce wlye} adsq}dmuqdlj stsqeb nja se}xe} wlye} suww`des ql lwe}nqe nq sdijdhdonjq`t cdice} ehhdodejot nja hu}qce} }eauoe wlye} `lss*

Qlieqce}, lu} ousqlb se}xe} nja anqn oejqe} aesdijs }esu`qea dj n sdijdhdonjq djo}ense dj eje}it ehhdodejot ycdè sdijdhdonjq`t }eauodji lu} olsqs olbwn}ea ql qce usnie lh

q}nadqdljn` se}xe}s nja ènsea anqn oejqe} hnod`dqdes* Ye n}e n hlujadji bebme} lh qce Lwej Olbwuqe W}lkeoq qc}luic ycdoc ye bnfe lu} w}lw}deqn}t anqn oejqe}, se}xe} cn}ayn}e,

nja oe}qndj slhqyn}e aesdijs nxnd`nmè ql qce lwej slu}oe olbbujdqt* Qcds djdqdnqdxe ndbs ql nooeè}nqe anqn oejqe} nja se}xe} djjlxnqdlj nja djo}ense olbwuqdji ehhdodejot

qc}luic ol``nml}nqdlj lj }eèxnjq mesq w}noqdoes nja qeocjdon` sweodhdonqdljs*

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Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• Naxe}qdsdji Qeocjl`lides* Ye me`dexe qcnq n bl}e xnùnmè naxe}qdse} nja use} ewe}dejoe ds o}enqea qc}luic lu} nmd`dqt ql bnqoc qce blsq }eèxnjq nas ql enoc lh lu} use}s mnsea

lj cds l} ce} oljjeoqdljs, aebli}nwcdos, nja ew}essea djqe}esqs* Lu} naxe}qdsdji qeocjl`lit se}xes md``dljs lh na dbw}essdljs exe}t ant, enoc lh ycdoc ds adsw`ntea ql seèoqea

use}s mnsea uwlj qce djhl}bnqdlj qcnq qcet cnxe oclsej ql scn}e*

Naxe}qdse}s sweodht n mda, ycdoc ds cly buoc qcet n}e yd``dji ql wnt hl} o`dofs l} dbw}essdljs lh qced} nas* Qce noqun` w}doe wnda hl} enoc o`dof l} dbw}essdlj ds olbwuqea usdji nj

nuoqdlj beocnjdsb qcnq nuqlbnqdon``t onòu`nqes qce bdjdbub w}doe nj naxe}qdse} busq wnt ql ‐ydj‒ qce nuoqdlj nja cnxe dqs na sclyj* Ye me`dexe qcnq lu} sweodhdo nuoqdlj

beocnjdsb ejolu}nies naxe}qdse}s ql mda qce bndbub w}doe qcet n}e yd``dji ql wnt, ujae}sqnjadji qcnq meonuse lh qce ynt lu} nuoqdlj yl}fs qcet yd`` me ocn}iea n bn}feq"

aeqe}bdjea w}doe qcnq ds jexe} cdice} nja qtwdon``t `lye} qcnj qced} mda* Lu} stsqeb n`sl suwwl}qs iun}njqeea ae`dxe}t lh n hdea jubme} lh na dbw}essdljs hl} n hdea w}doe*

Lu} stsqeb bnjnies lu} ejqd}e seq lh nas, qce seèoqea nuadejoes, nja qce naxe}qdse}s— mdas ql aeqe}bdje ycdoc nas ql scly enoc use} nja cly ql adsw`nt qceb hl} exe}t wnie lj

Hnoemllf* Ye use nj naxnjoea o`dof w}eadoqdlj stsqeb qcnq yedics bnjt }en`"qdbe uwanqea henqu}es usdji nuqlbnqea èn}jdji qeocjd~ues* Lu} qeocjl`lit djol}wl}nqes qce

esqdbnqea o`dof"qc}luic }nqe ydqc mlqc qce naxe}qdse}—s mda nja n use} }eèxnjot sdijn` ql seèoq qce lwqdbn` nas ql scly*

Lu} }esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq ewejses ye}e !39 bd``dlj, !>11 bd``dlj, nja !?33 bd``dlj hl} =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, }esweoqdxe`t*

_nès nja Lwe}nqdljs

Bnjt lh lu} naxe}qdse}s use lu} se`h"se}xdoe na w`nqhl}b ql esqnm`dsc noolujqs nja ql `nujoc nja bnjnie qced} naxe}qdsdji onbwndijs* Ye n`sl cnxe n i`lmn` snès hl}oe qcnq ds hlousea lj

nqq}noqdji nja }eqndjdji naxe}qdse}s nja w}lxdadji suwwl}q ql qceb qc}luicluq qce sqnies lh qce naxe}qdsdji onbwndij otoè h}lb w}e"wu}ocnse aeodsdlj bnfdji ql }en`"qdbe lwqdbd{nqdljs ql

wlsq"onbwndij njn`tqdos* Ye ou}}ejq`t lwe}nqe ?7 snès lhhdoes n}luja qce i`lme*

Ye cnxe lwe}nqdljs qenbs ql w}lxdae suwwl}q hl} lu} use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s dj hlu} }eidljn` oejqe}s `lonqea dj Bej`l Wn}f, On`dhl}jdn6 Nusqdj, Qens6 Aum`dj, D}e`nja6 nja

Ctae}nmna, Djadn* Ye n`sl djxesq dj nja }e`t lj se`h"se}xdoe qll`s ql w}lxdae ousqlbe} suwwl}q ql lu} use}s, aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s*

Bn}feqdji

Ql anqe, qce Hnoemllf use} olbbujdqt cns i}lyj xd}n``t ydqc use}s djxdqdji qced} h}dejas ql oljjeoq ydqc qceb, suwwl}qea mt djqe}jn` ehhl}qs ql sqdbu`nqe use} nyn}ejess nja djqe}esq* Ye

cnxe meej nmè ql mudà lu} m}nja nja use} mnse n}luja qce yl}à ydqc }e`nqdxe`t `ly bn}feqdji olsqs* Ye èxe}nie qce uqd`dqt lh lu} w}lauoqs nja lu} slodn` adsq}dmuqdlj ocnjje`s ns lu} blsq

ehheoqdxe bn}feqdji qll`s* Dj naadqdlj, ye ujae}qnfe xn}dlus use} no~udsdqdlj ehhl}qs nja }eiu`n}`t clsq exejqs nja oljhe}ejoes ql ejinie ydqc aexe`lwe}s nja naxe}qdse}s*

Djqe`èoqun` W}lwe}qt

Lu} suooess aewejas dj wn}q uwlj lu} nmd`dqt ql w}lqeoq lu} ol}e qeocjl`lit nja djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt* Ql esqnm`dsc nja w}lqeoq lu} w}lw}deqn}t }dicqs, ye }e`t lj n olbmdjnqdlj lh wnqejqs,

wnqejq nww`donqdljs, q}naebn}fs, olwt}dicqs, q}nae seo}eqs, djoùadji fjly"cly, `doejse ni}eebejqs, oljhdaejqdn`dqt w}loeau}es, jlj"adso`lsu}e ni}eebejqs ydqc qcd}a wn}qdes, ebw`ltee adso`lsu}e

nja djxejqdlj nssdijbejq ni}eebejqs, nja lqce} oljq}noqun` }dicqs*

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cna 58 dssuea wnqejqs nja 57? hdèa wnqejq nww`donqdljs dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja ?? ol}}eswljadji wnqejqs nja >14 hdèa wnqejq nww`donqdljs dj hl}edij

olujq}des }e`nqdji ql slodn` jeqyl}fdji,

4>


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

yem qeocjl`lides nja djh}nsq}uoqu}e, nja }e`nqea qeocjl`lides* Lu} dssuea wnqejqs ewd}e meqyeej Bnt =7>8 nja Kuje =7?>* Ye onjjlq nssu}e tlu qcnq njt lh lu} wnqejq nww`donqdljs yd`` }esu`q dj

qce dssunjoe lh n wnqejq l} yceqce} qce enbdjnqdlj w}loess yd`` }e~ud}e us ql jn}}ly lu} o`ndbs* Dj naadqdlj, njt wnqejqs bnt me oljqesqea, od}oubxejqea, hluja ujejhl}oenmè l} djxn`da, nja ye

bnt jlq me nmè ql w}exejq qcd}a wn}qdes h}lb djh}djidji qceb*

Ye ieje}n``t oljq}l` nooess ql nja use lh lu} w}lw}deqn}t qeocjl`lit nja lqce} oljhdaejqdn` djhl}bnqdlj qc}luic qce use lh djqe}jn` nja eqe}jn` oljq}l`s, djoùadji oljq}noqun` w}lqeoqdljs

ydqc ebw`ltees, oljq}noql}s, ousqlbe}s, nja wn}qje}s, nja lu} slhqyn}e ds w}lqeoqea mt U*_* nja djqe}jnqdljn` olwt}dicq `nys* Aeswdqe lu} ehhl}qs ql w}lqeoq lu} q}nae seo}eqs nja w}lw}deqn}t }dicqs

qc}luic djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt }dicqs, `doejses, nja oljhdaejqdn`dqt ni}eebejqs, ujnuqcl}d{ea wn}qdes bnt sqd`` olwt l} lqce}ydse lmqndj nja use lu} slhqyn}e nja qeocjl`lit* Dj naadqdlj, ye djqeja

ql ewnja lu} djqe}jnqdljn` lwe}nqdljs, nja ehheoqdxe wnqejq, olwt}dicq, q}naebn}f nja q}nae seo}eq w}lqeoqdlj bnt jlq me nxnd`nmè l} bnt me `dbdqea dj hl}edij olujq}des*

Olbwnjdes dj qce Djqe}jeq, qeocjl`lit, nja beadn djausq}des lyj `n}ie jubme}s lh wnqejqs, olwt}dicqs, q}naebn}fs, nja q}nae seo}eqs nja h}e~uejq`t ejqe} djql `dqdinqdlj mnsea lj

n`èinqdljs lh djh}djiebejq, bdsnww}lw}dnqdlj, l} lqce} xdl`nqdljs lh djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt l} lqce} }dicqs* H}lb qdbe ql qdbe, ye hnoe, nja ye eweoq ql hnoe dj qce huqu}e, n`èinqdljs qcnq ye cnxedjh}djiea qce q}naebn}fs, olwt}dicqs, wnqejqs, q}nae seo}eqs nja lqce} djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt }dicqs lh qcd}a wn}qdes, djoùadji lu} olbweqdql}s nja jlj"w}noqdodji ejqdqdes* Ns ye hnoe djo}ensdji

olbweqdqdlj nja ns lu} musdjess i}lys, ye yd`` `dfe`t hnoe bl}e o`ndbs lh djh}djiebejq* Hl} naadqdljn` djhl}bnqdlj, see ‐]dsf Hnoql}s‑Ye n}e ou}}ejq`t, nja eweoq ql me dj qce huqu}e, wn}qt ql

wnqejq `nysudqs nja lqce} djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt }dicqs o`ndbs qcnq n}e ewejsdxe nja qdbe oljsubdji, nja, dh }esl`xea naxe}se`t, oluà cnxe n sdijdhdonjq dbwnoq lj lu} musdjess, hdjnjodn`

oljadqdlj, l} }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs*‒

Ilxe}jbejq ]eiu`nqdlj

Ye n}e sumkeoq ql n jubme} lh U*_* heae}n` nja sqnqe, nja hl}edij `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs qcnq nhheoq olbwnjdes oljauoqdji musdjess lj qce Djqe}jeq, bnjt lh ycdoc n}e sqd`` exl`xdji nja

medji qesqea dj olu}qs, nja oluà me djqe}w}eqea dj ynts qcnq oluà cn}b lu} musdjess* Qcese bnt djxl`xe use} w}dxnot, }dicqs lh wum`dodqt, anqn w}lqeoqdlj, oljqejq, djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt,

adsq}dmuqdlj, eèoq}ljdo oljq}noqs nja lqce} olbbujdonqdljs, olbweqdqdlj, w}lqeoqdlj lh bdjl}s, oljsube} w}lqeoqdlj, qnnqdlj nja lj`dje wntbejq se}xdoes* Dj wn}qdou`n}, ye n}e sumkeoq ql heae}n`,

sqnqe, nja hl}edij `nys }ein}adji w}dxnot nja w}lqeoqdlj lh use} anqn* Hl}edij anqn w}lqeoqdlj, w}dxnot, nja lqce} `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs n}e lhqej bl}e }esq}doqdxe qcnj qclse dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes*

U*_* heae}n nja sqnqe nja hl}edij `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs n}e oljsqnjq`t exl`xdji nja onj me sumkeoq ql sdijdhdonjq ocnjie* Dj naadqdlj, qce nww`donqdlj nja djqe}w}eqnqdlj lh qcese `nys nja

}eiu`nqdljs n}e lhqej ujoe}qndj, wn}qdou`n}`t dj qce jey nja }nwda`t"exl`xdji djausq}t dj ycdoc ye lwe}nqe* Qce}e n}e n`sl n jubme} lh èids`nqdxe w}lwlsn`s wejadji mehl}e qce U*_* Olji}ess,

xn}dlus sqnqe èids`nqdxe mlades, nja hl}edij ilxe}jbejqs oljoe}jdji anqn w}lqeoqdlj ycdoc oluà nhheoq us* Hl} enbwè, n }exdsdlj ql qce >445 Eu}lwenj Ujdlj Anqn W}lqeoqdlj Ad}eoqdxe ds

ou}}ejq`t medji oljsdae}ea mt èids`nqdxe mlades qcnq bnt djoùae bl}e sq}djiejq lwe}nqdljn` }e~ud}ebejqs hl} anqn w}loessl}s nja sdijdhdonjq wejn`qdes hl} jlj"olbw`dnjoe*

Dj Jlxebme} =7>>, ye }enocea n =7"ten} seqqèbejq ni}eebejq ydqc qce HQO ql }esl`xe nj djxesqdinqdlj djql xn}dlus w}noqdoes, mt ejqe}dji djql nj ni}eebejq qcnq, nblji lqce} qcdjis,

}e~ud}es us ql esqnm`dsc nja }ehdje oe}qndj w}noqdoes ydqc }esweoq ql q}enqbejq lh use} anqn nja w}dxnot seqqdjis nja n`sl }e~ud}es ye olbwèqe md"njjun` djaewejaejq w}dxnot nuadqs* Xdl`nqdlj lh

edsqdji l} huqu}e }eiu`nql}t l}ae}s l} oljsejq aeo}ees oluà sumkeoq us ql sumsqnjqdn` bljeqn}t hdjes nja lqce} wejn`qdes qcnq oluà jeinqdxe`t nhheoq lu} hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj nja }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs*

Xn}dlus `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja nm}lna, suoc ns qce Mnjf _eo}eot Noq, qce Alaa"H}njf Noq, qce U_N WNQ]DLQ Noq, nja qce O}eadq ON]A Noq dbwlse oe}qndj

njqd"bljet `nujae}dji }e~ud}ebejqs lj olbwnjdes qcnq n}e hdjnjodn` djsqdquqdljs l} qcnq w}lxdae hdjnjodn` w}lauoqs nja se}xdoes* Ujae} qcese `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs, hdjnjodn` djsqdquqdljs n}e

m}lna`t aehdjea ql djoùae bljet se}xdoes musdjesses suoc

4=


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

ns bljet q}njsbdqqe}s, oceof onsce}s, nja se`è}s l} dssue}s lh sql}ea xnùe* ]e~ud}ebejqs dbwlsea lj hdjnjodn` djsqdquqdljs ujae} qcese `nys djoùae ousqlbe} daejqdhdonqdlj nja xe}dhdonqdlj

w}li}nbs, }eol}a }eqejqdlj wl`dodes, nja w}loeau}es nja q}njsnoqdlj }ewl}qdji* Ye al jlq me`dexe qcnq ye n}e n hdjnjodn` djsqdquqdlj sumkeoq ql qcese `nys nja }eiu`nqdljs* Clyexe}, dq ds wlssdmè

qcnq Wntbejqs lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b oluà me oljsdae}ea n hdjnjodn` w}lauoq nja qcnq ye oluà me aeebea n hdjnjodn` djsqdquqdlj sumkeoq ql nww`donmè U*_*, sqnqe, l} hl}edij }eiu`nqdlj ujae}

oe}qndj djqe}w}eqnqdljs lh `nys ilxe}jdji musdjesses suoc ns bljet q}njsbdqqe}s, oceof onsce}s, nja se`è}s l} dssue}s lh sql}ea xnùe* Ql djo}ense hèdmd`dqt dj cly lu} use lh Wntbejqs bnt

exl`xe nja ql bdqdinqe }eiu`nql}t ujoe}qndjqt, ye cnxe nww`dea l} eweoq ql nww`t qc}luic n sumsdadn}t hl} oe}qndj bljet q}njsbdqqe} `doejses dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes, ycdoc yd`` ieje}n``t }e~ud}e us

ql scly olbw`dnjoe ydqc bnjt albesqdo `nys }e`nqdji ql bljet q}njsbdssdlj, idhq on}as nja lqce} w}ewnda nooess djsq}ubejqs, eèoq}ljdos hujas q}njshe}s, njqd"bljet `nujae}dji, olujqe}"qe}}l}dsq

hdjnjodji, inbm`dji, mnjfdji nja èjadji, nja dbwl}q nja ewl}q }esq}doqdljs*

Ocdjn ds n `n}ie wlqejqdn` bn}feq hl} Hnoemllf, muq use}s n}e ieje}n``t }esq}doqea h}lb nooessdji Hnoemllf h}lb Ocdjn* Ye al jlq fjly dh ye yd`` me nmè ql hdja nj nww}lnoc ql bnjnidji

oljqejq nja djhl}bnqdlj qcnq yd`` me nooewqnmè ql us nja ql qce Ocdjese ilxe}jbejq* Dq ds n`sl wlssdmè qcnq ilxe}jbejqs lh lje l} bl}e lqce} olujq}des bnt seef ql oejsl} oljqejq nxnd`nmè lj

lu} yemsdqe, }esq}doq nooess, m`lof lu} yemsdqe, l} dbwlse lqce} }esq}doqdljs qcnq bnt nhheoq qce nooessdmd`dqt lh Hnoemllf hl} nj eqejaea we}dla lh qdbe l} djaehdjdqe`t*

Ye olbbujdonqe ydqc `nybnfe}s nja }eiu`nql}s dj qce olujq}des nja }eidljs dj ycdoc ye al musdjess* Ye cnxe n aeadonqea wl`dot qenb qcnq bljdql}s èin` nja }eiu`nql}t aexe`lwbejqs

nja yl}fs ydqc wl`dotbnfe}s nja }eiu`nql}s n}luja qce yl}à ql ce`w ejsu}e qcnq lu} we}sweoqdxe ds cen}a dj bnqqe}s lh dbwl}qnjoe ql us*

@ein` W}loeeadjis

Ye n}e ou}}ejq`t wn}qdes ql bu`qdwè `nysudqs }e`nqea ql lu} w}lauoqs, djoùadji wnqejq djh}djiebejq `nysudqs m}luicq mt mlqc lqce} olbwnjdes nja jlj"w}noqdodji ejqdqdes ns ye`` ns o`nss

noqdlj `nysudqs m}luicq mt use}s nja naxe}qdse}s, nja ye bnt dj qce huqu}e me sumkeoq ql naadqdljn` `nysudqs nja adswuqes*

Ye n}e n`sl djxl`xea dj lqce} o`ndbs, `nysudqs, ilxe}jbejq djxesqdinqdljs, seqqèbejqs, nja w}loeeadjis n}dsdji h}lb qce l}adjn}t olu}se lh lu} musdjess*

Wnu` A* Oei`dn hdèa sudq nindjsq us nja Bn}f [uofe}me}i lj l} nmluq Kuje ?7, =7>7, dj qce _uw}ebe Olu}q lh qce _qnqe lh Jey Tl}f hl} qce Olujqt lh N`èicejt o`ndbdji sumsqnjqdn`

lyje}scdw lh lu} olbwnjt mnsea lj n wu}wl}qea oljq}noq meqyeej B}* Oei`dn nja B}* [uofe}me}i n`èiea`t ejqe}ea djql dj Nw}d` =77?* Ye }eblxea qce onse ql qce U*_* Adsq}doq Olu}q hl} qce

Yesqe}j Adsq}doq lh Jey Tl}f, yce}e qce onse ds jly wejadji* Dj cds hd}sq nbejaea olbw`ndjq, hdèa lj Nw}d` >>, =7>>, B}* Oei`dn }exdsea cds o`ndbs ql djoùae nj n`èiea wn}qje}scdw ydqc

B}* [uofe}me}i, ce }exdsea cds o`ndbs hl} }e`deh ql seef n sumsqnjqdn` scn}e lh B}* [uofe}me}i—s lyje}scdw dj us, nja ce djoùaea ~ulqnqdljs h}lb suwwlsea ebnd`s qcnq ce o`ndbs ql cnxe

eocnjiea ydqc B}* [uofe}me}i dj =77? nja =771* Lj Kuje =, =7>>, ye hdèa n blqdlj hl} eweadqea adsolxe}t mnsea lj exdaejoe ye sumbdqqea ql qce olu}q sclydji qcnq qce n`èiea oljq}noq nja

ebnd`s uwlj ycdoc B}* Oei`dn mnses cds olbw`ndjq n}e h}nuauèjq* Lj Ku`t >, =7>>, qce olu}q i}njqea lu} blqdlj nja l}ae}ea B}* Oei`dn ql w}lauoe, nblji lqce} qcdjis, n`` cn}a olwt nja

eèoq}ljdo xe}sdljs lh qce wu}wl}qea oljq}noq nja ebnd`s* Lj Knjun}t >7, =7>=, qce olu}q i}njqea lu} }e~uesq hl} snjoqdljs nindjsq B}* Oei`dn hl} cds ae`nt dj olbw`dnjoe ydqc qcnq l}ae}* Ye

oljqdjue ql me`dexe qcnq B}* Oei`dn ds nqqebwqdji ql we}weq}nqe n h}nua lj qce olu}q nja ye djqeja ql oljqdjue ql aeheja qce onse xdil}lus`t*

Qce Ejhl}oebejq Adxdsdlj lh qce _eou}dqdes nja Eocnjie Olbbdssdlj #_EO$ cns meej oljauoqdji nj dj~ud}t dj ql seoljan}t q}njsnoqdljs djxl`xdji qce snè lh w}dxnqe olbwnjt seou}dqdes

ns ye`` ns qce jubme} lh lu} sqlofclàe}s lh }eol}a* Dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qcds dj~ud}t, ye cnxe }eoedxea mlqc hl}bn` nja djhl}bn` }e~uesqs hl} djhl}bnqdlj h}lb qce sqnhh lh qce _EO nja ye cnxe

meej hu``t ollwe}nqdji ydqc qce sqnhh* Ye cnxe w}lxdaea n`` djhl}bnqdlj }e~uesqea nja qce}e n}e jl }e~uesqs hl} aloubejqs l} djhl}bnqdlj qcnq }ebndj luqsqnjadji* Ye

4?


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

me`dexe qcnq ye cnxe meej dj olbw`dnjoe ydqc qce w}lxdsdljs lh qce heae}n` seou}dqdes `nys }e`nqdji ql qcese bnqqe}s*

N`qcluic qce }esu`qs lh o`ndbs, `nysudqs, ilxe}jbejq djxesqdinqdljs, nja w}loeeadjis dj ycdoc ye n}e djxl`xea onjjlq me w}eadoqea ydqc oe}qndjqt, ye al jlq me`dexe qcnq qce hdjn` luqolbe

lh qce bnqqe}s adsoussea nmlxe yd`` cnxe n bnqe}dn` naxe}se ehheoq lj lu} musdjess, hdjnjodn` oljadqdlj, l} }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs* Clyexe}, aehejadji qcese o`ndbs ds olsq`t nja onj dbwlse n

sdijdhdonjq mu}aej lj bnjniebejq nja ebw`ltees, ye bnt }eoedxe ujhnxl}nmè w}e`dbdjn}t l} djqe}db }u`djis dj qce olu}se lh `dqdinqdlj, nja qce}e onj me jl nssu}njoes qcnq hnxl}nmè hdjn`

luqolbes yd`` me lmqndjea*

Ou`qu}e nja Ebw`ltees

Lu} ebw`ltees nja lu} ou`qu}e n}e o}dqdon` ql lu} suooess* Ye xnùe lu} ‐cnofe} ou`qu}e,‒ ycdoc ye aehdje ns n yl}f ejxd}ljbejq qcnq }eyn}as o}enqdxe w}lmèb sl`xdji nja }nwda

aeodsdlj bnfdji* Ye q}t ql blxe hnsq dj aexe`lwdji jey w}lauoqs nja qcej oljqdjun``t dqe}nqe nja lwqdbd{e ql hu}qce} dbw}lxe lu} w}lauoqs* Ye seef ebw`ltees ycl n}e blqdxnqea mt qce nmd`dqt

ql cnxe n ad}eoq dbwnoq lj cly cuja}eas lh bd``dljs lh welwè n}luja qce yl}à oljjeoq, adsolxe}, nja ew}ess qcebse`xes*

Ye ejolu}nie lu} ebw`ltees ql qcdjf mlà`t* Ye n`sl cnxe wlsqea qce wc}nse ‐qcds klu}jet ds >% hdjdscea‒ no}lss bnjt lh lu} lhhdoe yn``s, ql }ebdja ebw`ltees qcnq ye me`dexe qcnq ye

cnxe lj`t meiuj hu`hd``dji lu} bdssdlj ql bnfe qce yl}à bl}e lwej nja oljjeoqea*

Ye cnxe i}lyj }nwda`t, muq nq n }nqe qcnq ye me`dexe yd`` n``ly us ql w}ese}xe n ou`qu}e lh ol``nml}nqdlj, eoe`èjoe, nja blxdji hnsq* Ye cna >,=>3 hu``"qdbe ebw`ltees, =,>=9 hu``"qdbe

ebw`ltees, nja ?,=77 hu``"qdbe ebw`ltees nq qce eja lh =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, }esweoqdxe`t*

Hnod`dqdes

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye ènsea lhhdoe hnod`dqdes n}luja qce yl}à qlqn`dji nww}ldbnqe`t >*4 bd``dlj s~un}e heeq, djoùadji lje bd``dlj s~un}e heeq hl} lu} ol}wl}nqe cena~un}qe}s dj

Bej`l Wn}f, On`dhl}jdn* Ye cnxe anqn oejqe}s dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes, djoùadji anqn oejqe} hnod`dqdes qcnq ye lyj dj Jl}qc On}l`djn nja L}eilj nja ènsea anqn oejqe} hnod`dqdes dj On`dhl}jdn nja

Xd}idjdn* Ye me`dexe qcnq lu} hnod`dqdes n}e nae~unqe hl} lu} ou}}ejq jeeas*

41


>45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

BNJNIEBEJQ

Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe}s nja Ad}eoql}s

Qce hl``lydji qnmè w}lxdaes djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nja ad}eoql}s ns lh Knjun}t > , =7>=;

Jnbe Nie Wlsdqdlj#s$

Bn}f [uofe}me}i =9 Ocnd}bnj nja OEL

_ce}t` F* _njame}i 1= Ocdeh Lwe}nqdji Lhhdoe}

Anxda N* Eme}sbnj 1= Ocdeh Hdjnjodn` Lhhdoe}

Anxda M* Hdsoce} ?4 Xdoe W}esdaejq, Bn}feqdji nja Musdjess Wn}qje}scdws

Bdfe _oc}lewhe} ?8 Xdoe W}esdaejq lh Ejidjee}dji

Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq 11 Xdoe W}esdaejq, Ieje}n` Olujse`, nja _eo}eqn}t

Bn}o @* Nja}eessej 17 Ad}eoql}

E}sfdje M* Mlyès 88 Ad}eoql}

Knbes Y* M}ete} 57 Ad}eoql}

Aljnà E* I}ncnb+ 88 Ad}eoql}

]eea Cnsqdjis 5> Ad}eoql}

Weqe} N* Qcde` 11 Ad}eoql} + @ena Djaewejaejq Ad}eoql}*

#>$ Bebme} lh qce nuadq olbbdqqee*

#=$ Bebme} lh qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee*

#?$ Bebme} lh qce ilxe}jnjoe olbbdqqee*

Bn}f [uofe}me}i ds lu} hlujae} nja cns se}xea ns lu} OEL nja ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s sdjoe Ku`t =771* B}* [uofe}me}i cns se}xea ns Ocnd}bnj lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s

sdjoe Knjun}t =7>=* B}* [uofe}me}i nqqejaea Cn}xn}a Ujdxe}sdqt yce}e ce squadea olbwuqe} sodejoe* Ye me`dexe qcnq B}* [uofe}me}i scluà se}xe ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s aue qlqce we}sweoqdxe nja ewe}dejoe ce m}djis ns lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, nja ns lu} `n}iesq nja oljq}l``dji sqlofclàe}*

_ce}t` F* _njame}i cns se}xea ns lu} Ocdeh Lwe}nqdji Lhhdoe} sdjoe Bn}oc =773* H}lb Jlxebme} =77> ql Bn}oc =773, Bs* _njame}i se}xea dj xn}dlus wlsdqdljs nq Illiè, Djo*, blsq

}eoejq`t ns Xdoe W}esdaejq, I`lmn` Lj`dje _nès ( Lwe}nqdljs* Bs* _njame}i n`sl ds n hl}be} Ocdeh lh _qnhh lh qce U*_* Q}ensu}t Aewn}qbejq nja w}exdlus`t se}xea ns n oljsu`qnjq ydqc

BoFdjset ( Olbwnjt, n bnjniebejq oljsu`qdji olbwnjt, nja ns nj eoljlbdsq ydqc Qce Yl}à Mnjf* Dj naadqdlj ql se}xdji ns lu} Ocdeh Lwe}nqdji Lhhdoe}, Bs* _njame}i cns meej n bebme}

lh qce mln}as lh ad}eoql}s lh _qn}muofs Ol}wl}nqdlj sdjoe Bn}oc =774 nja qce Yn`q Adsjet Olbwnjt sdjoe Aeoebme} =774* Bs* _njame}i cns eèoqea jlq ql sqnja hl} }e"eèoqdlj nq _qn}muofs—

=7>= njjun` beeqdji* Bs* _njame}i clàs nj N*M* dj eoljlbdos h}lb Cn}xn}a Ujdxe}sdqt nja nj B*M*N* h}lb Cn}xn}a Musdjess _ocll`*

Anxda N* Eme}sbnj cns se}xea ns lu} Ocdeh Hdjnjodn` Lhhdoe} sdjoe _ewqebme} =774* W}dl} ql kldjdji us, B}* Eme}sbnj se}xea dj xn}dlus wlsdqdljs nq Iejejqeoc, Djo*, n mdlqeocjl`lit

olbwnjt, djoùadji ns dqs Ocdeh Hdjnjodn` Lhhdoe} h}lb Bn}oc =775 nja ns nj Eeouqdxe Xdoe W}esdaejq h}lb Knjun}t =778 ujqd` Nw}d` =774, hl``lydji Iejejqeoc—s no~udsdqdlj mt H*

Clhhbnjj"@n ]loce @qa* dj Bn}oc =774* W}dl} ql kldjdji Iejejqeoc, B}* Eme}sbnj yns n }esen}oc njn`tsq nq Lwwejcedbe} ( Olbwnjt, Djo*, nj djxesqbejq olbwnjt* Dj naadqdlj ql se}xdji ns

lu} Ocdeh Hdjnjodn` Lhhdoe}, B}* Eme}sbnj cns meej n bebme} lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s lh D}ljylla Wcn}bnoeuqdon`s, Djo* sdjoe Ku`t =774* B}* Eme}sbnj clàs nj N*M* dj eoljlbdos nja

djqe}jnqdljn` }e`nqdljs h}lb M}lyj Ujdxe}sdqt*

45

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h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Anxda M* Hdsoce} kldjea us dj Nw}d` =7>7 nja se}xes ns lu} Xdoe W}esdaejq, Bn}feqdji nja Musdjess Wn}qje}scdws* H}lb Ku`t =77= ql Bn}oc =7>7, B}* Hdsoce} se}xea dj xn}dlus wlsdqdljs

nq Illiè, djoùadji blsq }eoejq`t ns dqs Xdoe W}esdaejq, I`lmn` Lj`dje _nès ( Lwe}nqdljs* W}dl} ql kldjdji Illiè, B}* Hdsoce} se}xea ns Aewuqt Ocdeh lh _qnhh lh qce U*_* Q}ensu}t Aewn}qbejq

nja yns nj nsslodnqe eadql} nq qce U*_* Jeys Yl}à ]ewl}q, @*W*, n jeys bnin{dje olbwnjt* B}* Hdsoce} clàs n M*N* dj ilxe}jbejq h}lb Ol}je`` Ujdxe}sdqt nja nj B*M*N* h}lb qce _ qnjhl}a

Ujdxe}sdqt I}naunqe _ocll` lh Musdjess*

Bdfe _oc}lewhe} cns se}xea ns lu} Xdoe W}esdaejq lh Ejidjee}dji sdjoe _ewqebme} =773* H}lb Aeoebme} =775 ql Nuiusq =773, B}* _oc}lewhe} se}xea ns Xdoe W}esdaejq lh Ejidjee}dji nq

Bl{d``n Ol}wl}nqdlj, nj Djqe}jeq olbwnjt* W}dl} ql Bl{d``n, B}* _oc}lewhe} se}xea dj xn}dlus wlsdqdljs nq _uj Bdo}lstsqebs, Djo*, nj djhl}bnqdlj qeocjl`lit olbwnjt, djoùadji ns Ocdeh

Qeocjl`lit Lhhdoe} lh dqs anqn oejqe} nuqlbnqdlj adxdsdlj* Ce n`sl ol"hlujaea Oejqe}]uj, Djo*, n aexe`lwe} lh nww`donqdlj w}lxdsdljdji slhqyn}e, ycdoc yns no~ud}ea mt _uj Bdo}lstsqebs* Dj

naadqdlj ql se}xdji ns lu} Xdoe W}esdaejq lh Ejidjee}dji, B}* _oc}lewhe} cns meej n bebme} lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s lh Njoesq}t*olb Djo* sdjoe Knjun}t =7>>* B}* _oc}lewhe} clàs n M*_* nja nj

B*_* dj olbwuqe} sodejoe h}lb _qnjhl}a Ujdxe}sdqt*

Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq cns se}xea ns lu} Xdoe W}esdaejq, Ieje}n` Olujse`, nja _eo}eqn}t sdjoe Loqlme} =773* H}lb Bnt =773 ql Loqlme} =773, B}* U``tlq yns n wn}qje} nq Fd}f`nja ( E``ds

@@W, n `ny hd}b* H}lb Loqlme} =775 ql Nw}d` =773, B}* U``tlq se}xea ns Eeouqdxe Xdoe W}esdaejq nja Ieje}n` Olujse` lh E_@ Djxesqbejqs, Djo*, n w}dxnqe djxesqbejq hd}b* W}dl} ql kldjdji E_@

Djxesqbejqs, B}* U``tlq se}xea dj qce heae}n` eeouqdxe m}njoc ujae} W}esdaejq Iel}ie Y* Musc, djoùadji ns Ocdeh lh _qnhh nq qce U*_* Kusqdoe Aewn}qbejq nja ns n Aewuqt Nssdsqnjq ql qce

W}esdaejq* En}`de} dj cds on}ee}, B}* U``tlq yns nj nsslodnqe ieje}n` olujse` nq NL@ Qdbe Yn}je}, Djo* nja se}xea ns n `ny oè}f hl} U*_* _uw}ebe Olu}q Kusqdoe Njqljdj _on`dn nja hl} Kuaie

Bdocne` @uqqdi lh qce U*_* Olu}q lh Nwwen`s hl} qce Hlu}qc Od}oudq* B}* U``tlq clàs nj N*M* dj Cdsql}t h}lb Cn}xn}a Ujdxe}sdqt nja n K*A* h}lb qce Ujdxe}sdqt lh Ocdonil*

Bn}o @* Nja}eessej cns se}xea ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s sdjoe Kuje =773* B}* Nja}eessej ds n ol"hlujae} nja cns meej n Ieje}n` Wn}qje} lh Nja}eessej Cl}lydq{, n xejqu}e

onwdqn` hd}b, sdjoe Ku`t =774* W}exdlus`t, B}* Nja}eessej ol"hlujaea nja se}xea ns qce Ocnd}bnj lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s lh Lwsyn}e, Djo* #hl}be}`t fjlyj ns @luao`lua Djo*$, n slhqyn}e

olbwnjt* Ce n`sl se}xea ns Ocdeh Qeocjl`lit Lhhdoe} lh Nbe}don Lj`dje, Djo*, nj Djqe}jeq se}xdoes olbwnjt* B}* Nja}eessej yns n ol"hlujae} lh Jeqsonwe Olbbujdonqdljs Ol}wl}nqdlj, n

slhqyn}e olbwnjt, se}xdji dj xn}dlus wlsdqdljs, djoùadji Ocdeh Qeocjl`lit Lhhdoe} nja Eeouqdxe Xdoe W}esdaejq lh W}lauoqs* Dj naadqdlj ql se}xdji lj lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, B}* Nja}eessej

ou}}ejq`t se}xes ns n bebme} lh qce mln}as lh ad}eoql}s lh eMnt Djo* nja qce Ceyèqq"Wnofn}a Olbwnjt* B}* Nja}eessej clàs n M*_* dj olbwuqe} sodejoe h}lb qce Ujdxe}sdqt lh D``djlds nq

U}mnjn"Ocnbwndij* Ye me`dexe qcnq B}* Nja}eessej scluà se}xe ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s aue ql cds eqejsdxe ewe}dejoe ns nj Djqe}jeq ejq}ew}ejeu}, xejqu}e onwdqn`dsq, nja

qeocjl`lidsq*

E}sfdje M* Mlyès cns se}xea ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s sdjoe _ewqebme} =7>>* B}* Mlyès ds W}esdaejq Ebe}dqus lh qce Ujdxe}sdqt lh Jl}qc On}l`djn nja se}xea ns W}esdaejq

h}lb Knjun}t =778 qc}luic Aeoebme} =7>7* B}* Mlyès cns n`sl meej n _ejdl} Naxdsl} lh MAQ Onwdqn` Wn}qje}s, @@O, n w}dxnqe djxesqbejq hd}b, sdjoe Knjun}t =7>=* H}lb Hem}un}t =7>7 ujqd`

Aeoebme} =7>7, ce se}xea ns Ol"Ocnd} lh qce Jnqdljn` Olbbdssdlj lj Hdson` ]eswljsdmd`dqt nja ]ehl}b* B}* Mlyès cns meej n _ejdl} Naxdsl} sdjoe =77> nja yns Bnjnidji Ad}eoql} h}lb

>444 ql =77> lh On}luse` Onwdqn` @@O, n w}dxnqe djxesqbejq hd}b* Ce yns n`sl n wn}qje} lh Hl}sqbnjj @dqqè ( Ol*, nj djxesqbejq hd}b, h}lb >444 ql =77>* B}* Mlyès meinj cds on}ee} dj

ol}wl}nqe hdjnjoe nq Bl}inj _qnjèt nja sumse~uejq`t ce`wea hluja nja u`qdbnqe`t se}xea ns Ocnd}bnj nja Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} lh Mlyès Cl``lye`` Oljjl} ( Ol*, nj djxesqbejq mnjfdji

hd}b* Ce n`sl yns n hlujae} lh Fdqqt Cnyf Onwdqn`, n xejqu}e onwdqn` hd}b* B}* Mlyès se}xea ns Ycdqe Cluse Ocdeh lh _qnhh h}lb >448 ql >443 nja Aewuqt Ycdqe Cluse Ocdeh lh _qnhh h}lb

>441 ql >445* Dj naadqdlj ql se}xdji lj lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, B}* Mlyès ou}}ejq`t se}xes ns n bebme} lh qce mln}as lh ad}eoql}s lh Bl}inj _qnjèt, Me`f, Djo*, Olusdjs W}lwe}qdes Djol}wl}nqea,

nja Jl}hl`f _luqce}j Ol}wl}nqdlj* B}* Mlyès cns eèoqea jlq ql sqnja hl} }e"eèoqdlj nq Olusdjs W}lwe}qdes— =7>= njjun` beeqdji* B}* Mlyès n`sl se}xea ns n bebme} lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s

lh

48


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ieje}n` Blql}s Olbwnjt h}lb Kuje =775 ql Nw}d` =774* B}* Mlyès clàs n M*_* dj musdjess h}lb qce Ujdxe}sdqt lh Jl}qc On}l`djn nq Ocnwe` Cd`` nja nj B*M*N* h}lb Olùbmdn Ujdxe}sdqt

I}naunqe _ocll` lh Musdjess* Ye me`dexe qcnq B}* Mlyès scluà se}xe ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s aue ql cds eqejsdxe ewe}dejoe dj qce hdjnjodn` se}xdoes djausq}t nja nonaebdn ns

ye`` ns cds adsqdjiudscea wum`do se}xdoe*

Knbes Y* M}ete} cns se}xea ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s sdjoe Nw}d` =775 * B}* M}ete} cns meej n Wn}qje} lh Nooe` Wn}qje}s, n xejqu}e onwdqn` hd}b, sdjoe >439* B}* M}ete} ds n`sl

qce hlujae} nja cns meej qce Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} lh M}ete} Onwdqn`, nj djxesqbejq hd}b, sdjoe Ku`t =778* B}* M}ete} ds n`sl n ol"hlujae} nja cns meej ol"èna lj qce sq}nqeido djxesqbejq

olbbdqqee sdjoe djoewqdlj lh qce DAI"Nooe` Ocdjn Hujas* Dj naadqdlj ql se}xdji lj lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, B}* M}ete} ou}}ejq`t se}xes ns n bebme} lh qce mln}as lh ad}eoql}s lh Ae``, Djo*, Jeys

Ol}wl}nqdlj, W}lswe} Bn}feqw`noe, Djo*, nja Yn`"Bn}q _ql}es, Djo*, yce}e ce ds qce ènaw}esdadji djaewejaejq ad}eoql}* B}* M}ete} w}exdlus`t se}xea ns n bebme} lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s lh

Bn}xe` Ejqe}qndjbejq Djo* h}lb Kuje =778 ql Aeoebme} =774 nja ]en`Jeqyl}fs, Djo* h}lb Loqlme} >445 ql Kuje =773* B}* M}ete} clàs n M*_* dj djqe}adsodw`djn}t squades h}lb _qnjhl}a

Ujdxe}sdqt nja nj B*M*N* h}lb Cn}xn}a Ujdxe}sdqt* Ye me`dexe qcnq B}* M}ete} scluà se}xe ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s aue ql cds eqejsdxe ewe}dejoe ydqc slodn` beadn nja

qeocjl`lit olbwnjdes, ns n xejqu}e onwdqn`dsq, nja ns lje lh lu} en}`t djxesql}s*

Aljnà E* I}ncnb cns se}xea ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s sdjoe Bn}oc =774* B}* I}ncnb cns se}xea ns qce Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} lh Qce Ynscdjiqlj Wlsq Olbwnjt, nj

eauonqdlj nja beadn olbwnjt, sdjoe >44> nja ns Ocnd}bnj lh dqs mln}a lh ad}eoql}s sdjoe >44?* B}* I}ncnb clàs nj N*M* dj Eji`dsc cdsql}t nja `dqe}nqu}e h}lb Cn}xn}a Ujdxe}sdqt* Ye me`dexe

qcnq B}* I}ncnb scluà se}xe ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s aue ql cds eqejsdxe ewe}dejoe dj qce beadn djausq}t, djoùadji se}xdji dj n xn}deqt lh sejdl} ènae}scdw }lès ydqc Qce

Ynscdjiqlj Wlsq Olbwnjt*

]eea Cnsqdjis cns se}xea ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s sdjoe Kuje =7>>* B}* Cnsqdjis cns se}xea ns qce Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} nja Ocnd}bnj lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s lh

Jeqh`d, Djo*, n w}lxdae} lh nj Djqe}jeq sumso}dwqdlj se}xdoe hl} blxdes nja qeèxdsdlj sclys, sdjoe >444* W}dl} ql Jeqh`d, B}* Cnsqdjis se}xea ns Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} lh Qeocjl`lit Jeqyl}f,

n wl`dqdon` se}xdoe l}injd{nqdlj hl} qce qeocjl`lit djausq}t* B}* Cnsqdjis se}xea ns Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} lh Wu}e Nq}dn _lhqyn}e, n bnfe} lh slhqyn}e aexe`lwbejq qll`s, h}lb >44> ujqd` dq yns

no~ud}ea mt ]nqdljn` _lhqyn}e Ol}wl}nqdlj, n slhqyn}e olbwnjt, dj >449* Dj naadqdlj ql se}xdji lj lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, B}* Cnsqdjis ou}}ejq`t se}xes ns n bebme} lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s lh

Bdo}lslhq Ol}wl}nqdlj* B}* Cnsqdjis clàs n M*N* dj bnqcebnqdos h}lb Mlyaldj Ol`èie nja nj B*_*O*_* dj olbwuqe} sodejoe h}lb _qnjhl}a Ujdxe}sdqt* Ye me`dexe qcnq B}* Cnsqdjis scluà

se}xe ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh a d}eoql}s aue ql cds eqejsdxe ewe}dejoe ydqc qeocjl`lit olbwnjdes*

Weqe} N* Qcde` cns se}xea ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s sdjoe Nw}d` =775* _djoe =775, B}* Qcde` cns meej n Wn}qje} lh Hlujae}s Huja, n xejqu}e onwdqn` hd}b* B}* Qcde` cns n`sl

se}xea ns W}esdaejq lh O`n}dub Onwdqn` Bnjniebejq, @@O, n i`lmn` bno}l djxesqbejq bnjnie}, sdjoe =77=* Dj >443, B}* Qcde` ol"hlujaea WntWn`, Djo*, nj lj`dje wntbejq olbwnjt, yce}e ce

se}xea ns Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe}, W}esdaejq nja ns Ocnd}bnj lh dqs mln}a lh ad}eoql}s h}lb =777 ujqd` dqs no~udsdqdlj mt eMnt dj =77=* W}dl} ql qcnq, B}* Qcde` yl}fea hl} O}eadq _udsse, nj

djxesqbejq hd}b, nja _u``dxnj ( O}lbye`` @@W, n `ny hd}b* B}* Qcde` clàs n M*N* dj Wcd`lslwct h}lb _qnjhl}a Ujdxe}sdqt nja n K*A* h}lb _qnjhl}a @ny _ocll`* Ye me`dexe qcnq B}* Qcde`

scluà se}xe ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s aue ql cds eqejsdxe ewe}dejoe ns nj ejq}ew}ejeu} nja xejqu}e onwdqn`dsq, nja ns lje lh lu} en}`t djxesql}s*

Eèoqdlj lh Lhhdoe}s

Lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s n}e eèoqea mt, nja se}xe nq qce adso}eqdlj lh, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* Qce}e n}e jl hnbd`t }e`nqdljscdws nblji njt lh lu} ad}eoql}s l} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s*

49


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Mln}a Olbwlsdqdlj

Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s bnt esqnm`dsc qce nuqcl}d{ea jubme} lh ad}eoql}s h}lb qdbe ql qdbe mt }eslùqdlj* Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ou}}ejq`t oljsdsqs lh sexej bebme}s* Lu} ou}}ejq

oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja nbejaea nja }esqnqea xlqdji ni}eebejqs w}lxdae hl} oe}qndj bebme}s lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ql me eèoqea ns aesdijees mt B}* [uofe}me}i, qce mln}a lh

ad}eoql}s, l} mt oe}qndj o`nsses lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof* Qce ou}}ejq bebme}s lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ye}e eèoqea ns hl``lys;

• Bess}s* Nja}eessej, I}ncnb, nja [uofe}me}i ye}e eèoqea ns aesdijees lh B}* [uofe}me}i, qce clàe} lh qce bnkl}dqt lh qce xlqdji wlye} lh qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh O`nss N

olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof6

• B}* Mlyès yns eèoqea ns qce aesdijee lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s6

•

B}* Cnsqdjis yns eèoqea ns qce aesdijee lh B}* [uofe}me}i, qce clàe} lh qce bnkl}dqt lh qce xlqdji wlye} lh qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof6

• B}* Qcde` yns eèoqea ns qce aesdijee lh sqlofclàe}s clàdji n bnkl}dqt lh qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} _e}des N w}ehe}}ea sqlof, clyexe}, wu}sunjq ql qce nbejaea nja }esqnqea

xlqdji ni}eebejq, n bnkl}dqt lh qce bebme}s lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s bnt aesdijnqe lje bebme} lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ql hd` ` qcds senq dh dq meolbes xnonjq6 nja

• B}* M}ete} yns eèoqea ns qce aesdijee lh sqlofclàe}s ycl clà n bnkl}dqt lh qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} _e}des M w}ehe}}ea sqlof*

Qce nbejaea nja }esqnqea xlqdji ni}eebejq nja qce w}lxdsdljs lh lu} oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj mt ycdoc qce ad}eoql}s ye}e eèoqea yd`` qe}bdjnqe dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do

lhhe}dji, nja, eoewq ns aeso}dmea dj ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn` _qlof‑Xlqdji Ni}eebejqs,‒ qce}e yd`` me jl hu}qce} oljq}noqun` lm`dinqdljs }ein}adji qce eèoqdlj lh lu} ad}eoql}s* Lu} ou}}ejq

ad}eoql}s yd`` oljqdjue ql se}xe ns ad}eoql}s ujqd` qced} }esdijnqdljs l} ujqd` qced} suooessl}s n}e au`t eèoqea mt qce clàe}s lh lu} olbblj sqlof*

O`nssdhdea Mln}a

_l `lji ns qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh olbblj sqlof, ye yd`` jlq cnxe n o`nssdhdea mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, nja

n`` ad}eoql}s yd`` me eèoqea hl} njjun` qe}bs*

Ycej qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh olbblj sqlof, ye yd`` cnxe n o`nssdhdea mln}a lh ad}eoql}s

oljsdsqdji lh qc}ee o`nsses lh nww}ldbnqe`t e~un` sd{e, enoc se}xdji sqniie}ea qc}ee"ten} qe}bs* Lu} ad}eoql}s yd`` me nssdijea mt qce qcej"ou}}ejq mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ql n o`nss*

Uwlj ewd}nqdlj lh qce qe}b lh n o`nss lh ad}eoql}s, ad}eoql}s hl} qcnq o`nss yd`` me eèoqea hl} qc}ee"ten} qe}bs nq qce njjun` beeqdji lh sqlofclàe}s dj qce ten} dj ycdoc qcnq qe}b ewd}es*

Ns n }esu`q, lj`t lje o`nss lh ad}eoql}s yd`` me eèoqea nq enoc njjun` beeqdji lh lu} sqlofclàe}s, ydqc qce lqce} o`nsses oljqdjudji hl} qce }ebndjae} lh qced} }esweoqdxe qc}ee"ten} qe}bs* Enoc

ad}eoql}—s qe}b oljqdjues ujqd` qce eèoqdlj nja ~un`dhdonqdlj lh cds l} ce} suooessl}, l} cds l} ce} en}`de} aenqc, }esdijnqdlj, l} }eblxn`*

_l `lji ns lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ds o`nssdhdea, lj`t lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s bnt hd`` xnonjodes lj lu} mln}a* Njt naadqdljn` ad}eoql}scdws }esu`qdji h}lb nj djo}ense dj qce jubme} lh

ad}eoql}s yd`` me adsq}dmuqea nblji qce qc}ee o`nsses sl qcnq, ns jen}`t ns wlssdmè, enoc o`nss yd`` oljsdsq l h lje"qcd}a lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh ad}eoql}s*

Qce o`nssdhdonqdlj lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s bnt cnxe qce ehheoq lh ae`ntdji l} w}exejqdji ocnjies dj lu} oljq}l` l} bnjniebejq* _ee ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn` _qlof‑Njqd"Qnfelxe}

W}lxdsdljs‑]esqnqea Oe}qdhdonqe lh Djol}wl}nqdlj nja Mt`ny W}lxdsdljs*‒

43


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ad}eoql} Djaewejaejoe

Ye djqeja ql nww`t ql `dsq lu} olbblj sqlof lj qce JN_AN^ I`lmn` _eèoq Bn}feq l} qce Jey Tl}f _qlof Eocnjie* Qce `dsqdji }uès lh qcese sqlof eocnjies ieje}n``t }e~ud}e qcnq n

bnkl}dqt lh qce bebme}s lh n `dsqea olbwnjt—s mln}a lh ad}eoql}s me djaewejaejq ydqcdj sweodhdea we}dlas hl``lydji qce o`lsdji lh nj djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Dj naadqdlj, qce `dsqdji }uès ieje}n``t

}e~ud}e qcnq, sumkeoq ql sweodhdea eoewqdljs, enoc bebme} lh n dsqea olbwnjt—s nuadq, olbwejsnqdlj, nja ilxe}jnjoe olbbdqqees me djaewejaejq*

Nuadq olbbdqqee bebme}s busq n`sl snqdsht qce djaewejaejoe o}dqe}dn seq hl}qc dj ]uè >7N"? ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Eocnjie Noq lh >4?1, ns nbejaea #Eocnjie Noq$* Dj l}ae} ql me

oljsdae}ea djaewejaejq hl} wu}wlses lh ]uè >7N"?, n bebme} lh nj nuadq olbbdqqee lh n `dsqea olbwnjt bnt jlq, lqce} qcnj dj cds l} ce} onwnodqt ns n bebme} lh qce nuadq olbbdqqee, qce mln}a

lh ad}eoql}s, l} njt lqce} mln}a olbbdqqee; nooewq, ad}eoq`t l} djad}eoq`t, njt oljsu`qdji, naxdsl}t, l} lqce} olbwejsnql}t hee h}lb qce `dsqea olbwnjt l} njt lh dqs sumsdadn}des6 l} me nj nhhd`dnqea

we}slj lh qce `dsqea olbwnjt l} njt lh dqs sumsdadn}des*

Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s cns aeqe}bdjea qcnq jlje lh lu} jlj"ebw`ltee ad}eoql}s cns n }e`nqdljscdw qcnq yluà djqe}he}e ydqc qce ee}odse lh djaewejaejq kuaibejq dj on}}tdji luq qce

}eswljsdmd`dqdes lh n ad}eoql} nja qcnq enoc lh qcese ad}eoql}s ds ‐djaewejaejq‒ ns qcnq qe}b ds aehdjea ujae} qce }uès lh qce JN_AN^ _qlof Bn}feq nja qce Jey Tl}f _qlof Eocnjie* Lu} mln}a

lh ad}eoql}s cns n`sl aeqe}bdjea qcnq Bess}s* Nja}eessej, Mlyès, nja Qcde`, ycl olbw}dse lu} nuadq olbbdqqee, Bess}s* M}ete} nja I}ncnb, ycl olbw}dse lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee, nja

Bess}s* Nja}eessej, I}ncnb, nja Cnsqdjis, ycl olbw}dse lu} ilxe}jnjoe olbbdqqee, snqdsht qce djaewejaejoe sqnjan}as hl} qclse olbbdqqees esqnm`dscea mt nww`donmè _EO }uès nja qce }uès

lh qce JN_AN^ _qlof Bn}feq nja qce Jey Tl}f _qlof Eocnjie*

Oljq}l`èa Olbwnjt

Meonuse B}* [uofe}me}i oljq}l`s n bnkl}dqt lh lu} luqsqnjadji xlqdji wlye}, ye n}e n ‐oljq}l`èa olbwnjt‒ ujae} qce ol}wl}nqe ilxe}jnjoe }uès hl} wum`do`t"`dsqea olbwnjdes*

Qce}ehl}e, ye n}e jlq }e~ud}ea ql cnxe n bnkl}dqt lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s me djaewejaejq, jl} n}e ye }e~ud}ea ql cnxe n olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee l} nj djaewejaejq jlbdjnqdji hujoqdlj* Dj `dicq

lh lu} sqnqus ns n oljq}l`èa olbwnjt, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s cns aeqe}bdjea jlq ql cnxe nj djaewejaejq jlbdjnqdji hujoqdlj nja ql cnxe qce hu`` mln}a lh ad}eoql}s me ad}eoq`t }eswljsdmè hl}

jlbdjnqdji bebme}s lh lu} mln}a* Naadqdljn``t, ns aeso}dmea dj qce seoqdlj ejqdqèa ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn` _qlof‑Njqd"Qnfelxe} W}lxdsdljs‑]esqnqea Oe}qdhdonqe lh Djol}wl}nqdlj nja Mt`ny

W}lxdsdljs,‒ sl `lji ns qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh lu} olbblj sqlof, B}* [uofe}me}i yd`` me nmè ql ehheoqdxe`t

oljq}l` n`` bnqqe}s sumbdqqea ql lu} sqlofclàe}s hl} n xlqe, ns ye`` ns qce lxe}n`` bnjniebejq nja ad}eoqdlj lh lu} olbwnjt*

Mln}a Olbbdqqees

Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s cns esqnm`dscea nj nuadq olbbdqqee, n olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee, nja n ilxe}jnjoe olbbdqqee, enoc lh ycdoc yd`` cnxe qce olbwlsdqdlj nja }eswljsdmd`dqdes

aeso}dmea me`ly ns lh qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Bebme}s se}xe lj qcese olbbdqqees ujqd` qced} }esdijnqdljs l} ujqd` lqce}ydse aeqe}bdjea mt lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s*

Nuadq Olbbdqqee

Lu} nuadq olbbdqqee ds olbw}dsea lh Bess}s* Nja}eessej, Mlyès, nja Qcde`* B}* Mlyès ds qce ocnd}bnj lh lu} nuadq olbbdqqee, ds lu} nuadq olbbdqqee hdjnjodn` ewe}q, ns qcnq q e}b ds

aehdjea ujae} _EO }uès nja wlssesses hdjnjodn` slwcdsqdonqdlj ns aehdjea ujae} qce }uès lh qce JN_AN^ _qlof Bn}feq nja qce Jey Tl}f _qlof Eocnjie* Qce aesdijnqdlj ales jlq dbwlse lj

B}* Mlyès njt auqdes, lm`dinqdljs l} `dnmd`dqdes qcnq n}e i}enqe} qcnj n}e ieje}n``t dbwlsea lj bebme}s lh lu} nuadq olbbdqqee nja lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* Lu} nuadq olbbdqqee ds ad}eoq`t

}eswljsdmè hl}, nblji lqce} qcdjis;

• seèoqdji qce djaewejaejq }eidsqe}ea wum`do noolujqdji hd}b ql nuadq lu} hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs6

44


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• ejsu}dji qce djaewejaejoe lh qce djaewejaejq }eidsqe}ea wum`do noolujqdji hd}b6

• adsoussdji qce solwe nja }esu`qs lh qce nuadq ydqc qce djaewejaejq }eidsqe}ea wum`do noolujqdji hd}b, nja }exdeydji, ydqc bnjniebejq nja qcnq hd}b, lu} djqe}db nja ten}"eja

lwe}nqdji }esu`qs6

• aexe`lwdji w}loeau}es ql ejnmè sumbdssdlj lh njljtblus oljoe}js nmluq noolujqdji l} nuadq bnqqe}s6

• oljsdae}dji qce nae~unot lh lu} djqe}jn` noolujqdji oljq}l`s nja nuadq w}loeau}es6

• }exdeydji }e`nqea wn}qt q}njsnoqdljs6

• nww}lxdji l}, ns we}bdqqea, w}e"nww}lxdji n`` nuadq nja jlj"nuadq se}xdoes ql me we}hl}bea mt qce djaewejaejq }eidsqe}ea wum`do noolujqdji hd}b6 nja

• lxe}seedji lu} djqe}jn` nuadq hujoqdlj*

Olbwejsnqdlj Olbbdqqee

Lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ds olbw}dsea lh Bess}s* M}ete} nja I}ncnb* B}* M}ete} ds qce ocnd}bnj lh lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee* Enoc bebme} lh qcds olbbdqqee ds n jlj"ebw`ltee

ad}eoql}, ns aehdjea wu}sunjq ql ]uè >8m"? w}lbuìnqea ujae} qce Eocnjie Noq, nja nj luqsdae ad}eoql}, ns aehdjea ujae} _eoqdlj >8=#b$ lh qce Djqe}jn` ]exejue Olae lh >438, ns nbejaea*

Lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ds }eswljsdmè hl}, nblji lqce} qcdjis;

• }exdeydji nja nww}lxdji, l} }eolbbejadji qcnq lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nww}lxe, qce olbwejsnqdlj lh lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s6

• }exdeydji nja }eolbbejadji ql lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s qce olbwejsnqdlj lh lu} ad}eoql}s6

• }exdeydji nja nww}lxdji qce qe}bs lh njt olbwejsnql}t ni}eebejqs ydqc lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s6

• nabdjdsqe}dji lu} sqlof nja e~udqt djoejqdxe w`njs6

• }exdeydji nja bnfdji }eolbbejanqdljs ql lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ydqc }esweoq ql djoejqdxe olbwejsnqdlj nja e~udqt w`njs6 nja

• esqnm`dscdji nja }exdeydji lu} lxe}n`` olbwejsnqdlj wcd`lslwct*

Ilxe}jnjoe Olbbdqqee

Lu} ilxe}jnjoe olbbdqqee ds olbw}dsea lh Bess}s* Nja}eessej, I}ncnb, nja Cnsqdjis* B}* I}ncnb ds qce ocnd}bnj lh lu} ilxe}jnjoe olbbdqqee* Lu} ilxe}jnjoe olbbdqqee ds

}eswljsdmè hl}, nblji lqce} qcdjis;

• }exdeydji aexe`lwbejqs dj ol}wl}nqe ilxe}jnjoe w}noqdoes6

• aexe`lwdji nja }eolbbejadji lu} ol}wl}nqe ilxe}jnjoe iudae`djes nja wl`dodes, nja exnùnqdji qced} suhhdodejot6

• }exdeydji w}lwlsea yndxe}s lh qce olae lh oljauoq6

• lxe}seedji qce w}loess lh exnùnqdji qce we}hl}bnjoe lh lu} mln}a lh a d}eoql}s6 nja

• naxdsdji lu} mln}a lh a d}eoql}s lj ol}wl}nqe ilxe}jnjoe bnqqe}s*

Enoc lh qce nmlxe olbbdqqees cns n y}dqqej ocn}qe} nww}lxea mt lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* Hl``lydji qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, olwdes lh enoc ocn}qe} yd`` me wlsqea lj qce

Djxesql} ]e`nqdljs seoqdlj lh lu} yemsdqe*

Olbwejsnqdlj Olbbdqqee Djqe}`lofs nja Djsdae} Wn}qdodwnqdlj

Au}dji =7>>, lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee oljsdsqea lh Bess}s* M}ete} nja I}ncnb* Jedqce} lh qceb cns nq njt qdbe dj qce `nsq hdson` ten} meej lje lh lu} lhhdoe}s l} ebw`ltees* Au}dji

=774, =7>7, nja =7>>, Qce Ynscdjiqlj Wlsq Olbwnjt nja dqs }e`nqea olbwnjdes wu}ocnsea !7*8 bd``dlj, !1*3 bd``dlj, nja !1*= bd``dlj,

>77


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

}esweoqdxe`t, lh naxe}qdsebejqs lj lu} yemsdqe* B}* I}ncnb ds qce Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} lh Qce Ynscdjiqlj Wlsq Olbwnjt* Qce wu}ocnses mt Qce Ynscdjiqlj Wlsq Olbwnjt nja dqs }e`nqea

ejqdqdes ye}e bnae dj qce l}adjn}t olu}se lh musdjess lj olbbe}odn``t }ensljnmè qe}bs*

Jlje lh lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s cns se}xea ns n bebme} lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, l} ns n bebme} lh qce olbwejsnqdlj l} sdbd`n} olbbdqqee, lh njt ejqdqt qcnq cns lje l} bl}e eeouqdxe

lhhdoe}s ycl se}xea lj lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s l} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee au}dji =7>>*

Olae lh Musdjess Eqcdos nja Oljauoq

Dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s yd`` nalwq n olae lh musdjess eqcdos nja oljauoq qcnq yd`` nww`t ql n`` lh lu} ebw`ltees, lhhdoe}s, nja ad}eoql}s* Qce

hu`` qeq lh lu} olae lh musdjess oljauoq yd`` me wlsqea lj qce Djxesql} ]e`nqdljs seoqdlj lh lu} yemsdqe* Ye djqeja ql adso`lse huqu}e nbejabejqs ql oe}qndj w}lxdsdljs lh lu} olae lh musdjess

oljauoq, l} yndxe}s lh qcese w}lxdsdljs, lj lu} yemsdqe l} dj hd`djis ujae} qce Eocnjie Noq*

Ad}eoql} Olbwejsnqdlj

Dj _ewqebme} =7>>, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nww}lxea nj njjun` }eqndje} hee lh !57,777 hl} enoc lh lu} jlj"ebw`ltee ad}eoql}s* Lu} jlj"ebw`ltee ad}eoql}s }eoedxea n w}l}nqea hee au}dji

=7>>* Dj naadqdlj, sqn}qdji lj Knjun}t >, =7>=, qce ocnd}bnj lh lu} nuadq olbbdqqee yd`` }eoedxe nj njjun` }eqndje} hee lh !=7,777* W}dl} ql lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, qce}e yns jl hl}bn` wl`dot dj

w`noe ql w}lxdae lu} ad}eoql}s ydqc e~udqt olbwejsnqdlj hl} qced} se}xdoes ns bebme}s lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s l} njt olbbdqqee lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* Dj Kuje =7>>, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s

nww}lxea qce i}njq lh =7,777 }esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs #]_Us$ ql B}* Cnsqdjis, ns olbwejsnqdlj hl} B}* Cnsqdjis— se}xdoe ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* Dj _ewqebme} =7>>, lu} mln}a lh

ad}eoql}s nww}lxea qce i}njq lh =7,777 ]_Us ql B}* Mlyès, ns olbwejsnqdlj hl} B}* Mlyès— se}xdoe ns n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* Qce ]_Us i}njqea ql Bess}s* Mlyès nja Cnsqdjis

n}e sumkeoq ql xesqdji mnsea lj qced} oljqdjuea se}xdoes ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe, ycdoc ds bl}e hu``t aeso}dmea me`ly*

N`qcluic qce}e yns jl hl}bn` wl`dot dj w`noe }e`nqdji ql qce i}njqdji lh e~udqt nyn}as ql lu} ad}eoql}s, qce hl``lydji qnmè w}esejqs qce qlqn` olbwejsnqdlj hl} enoc we}slj ycl se}xea ns n

bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s au}dji =7>>* Lqce} qcnj ns seq hl}qc dj qce qnmè nja aeso}dmea bl}e hu``t me`ly, dj =7>> ye ada jlq wnt njt hees ql, bnfe njt e~udqt nyn}as l} jlj"e~udqt

nyn}as ql, l} wnt njt lqce} olbwejsnqdlj ql qce bebme}s lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* B}* [uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, }eoedxes jl olbwejsnqdlj hl} cds se}xdoe ns n ad}eoql}, nja

ds jlq djoùaea dj qce qnmè me`ly*

Ad}eoql} Jnbe

Hees En}jea l}

Wnda dj Onsc #!$

_qlof Nyn}as

#!$ Qlqn` #!$

Bn}o @* Nja}eessej >8,889 ‑ >8,889

E}sfdje M* Mlyès >8,889 87>,177 8>3,789

Knbes Y* M}ete} >8,889 ‑ >8,889Aljnà E* I}ncnb >8,889 ‑ >8,889

]eea Cnsqdjis >8,889 54?,177 8>7,789

Weqe} N* Qcde` >8,889 ‑ >8,889

#>$ Nblujqs }ewl}qea }ew}esejq qce nii}einqe i}njq anqe hnd} xnùe lh ]_Us ydqcluq }ein}as ql hl}hedqu}es i}njqea ql qce djaewejaejq bebme}s lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s au}dji =7>> ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj, olbwuqea dj nool}anjoe ydqc N_O 9>3*

Qce xnùnqdlj nssubwqdljs usea dj onòu`nqdji qce hnd} xnùe lh qce ]_Us ds seq hl}qc dj ‐Bnjniebejq—s Adsoussdlj nja Njn`tsds lh Hdjnjodn` Oljadqdlj nja ]esu`qs lh Lwe}nqdljs‑O}dqdon` Noolujqdji Wl`dodes nja Esqdbnqes‑_cn}e"mnsea

Olbwejsnqdlj*‒ Qcds nblujq ales jlq }ehèoq qce noqun` eoljlbdo xnùe }en`d{ea mt qce ad}eoql}*

#=$ Bess}s* Nja}eessej nja I}ncnb clà ]_Us i}njqea w}dl} ql Knjun}t >, =7>> #W}e"=7>> ]_Us$* W}e"=7>> ]_Us lj`t xesq uwlj qce snqdshnoqdlj lh mlqc #d$ n se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj nja #dd$ n `d~udadqt"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj* Qce

`d~udadqt"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj hl} W}e"=7>> ]_Us ds; #n$ qce anqe qcnq ds sd bljqcs nhqe} qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji6 l} #m$ n ocnjie lh oljq}l` #ns aehdjea dj lu} =775 _qlof W`nj$* Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj hl} qce

W}e"=7>> ]_Us ceà mt Bess}s* Nja}eessej nja I}ncnb n}e hu}qce} aeso}dmea dj hllqjlqes #?$ nja #5$ me`ly* ]_Us i}njqea lj l} nhqe} Knjun}t >, =7>> #Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us$ xesq mnsea lj oljqdjulus se}xdoe ql us, ns hu}qce} aeso}dmea dj hllqjlqes

#1$ nja #8$ me`ly*

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h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

#?$ Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, B}* Nja}eessej ceà 5,=19,147 ]_Us* Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj yns snqdshdea ns ql >13qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Ku`t ?7, =773* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh

>13qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj enoc bljqc qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe*

#1$ Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, B}* Mlyès ceà =7,777 ]_Us* Qce xesqdji oljadqdlj yd`` me snqdshdea ns ql >?13 lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Loqlme} >5, =7>=* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >>8qc lh qce

qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us dj ~un}qe}`t djsqn``bejqs qce}enhqe}, jlq ql eoeea eèxej ~un}qe}`t djsqn``bejqs, nja =13qc lj Loqlme} >5, =7>5, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe* Jlje lh B}* Mlyès— ]_Us

yd`` seqqè ujqd` qce en}`desq ql loou} lh; #d$ Aeoebme} ?>, =7>?6 #dd$ nj en}`de} anqe meqyeej Knjun}t >, =7>? nja Aeoebme} ?>, =7>? qcnq ds sweodhdea mt us6 nja #ddd$ qce anqe lh n ocnjie lh oljq}l` #ns aehdjea dj lu} =775 _qlof W`nj$*

#5$ Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, B}* I}ncnb ceà >,777,777 ]_Us* Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj yns snqdshdea ns ql >1qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Nw}d` >, =7>7* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh

>13qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj enoc bljqc qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe*

#8$ Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, B}* Cnsqdjis ceà =7,777 ]_Us* Qce xesqdji oljadqdlj yd` me snqdshdea ns ql >1 lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Ku`t >5, =7>=* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >>8qc lh qce qlqn`

jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us dj ~un}qe}`t djsqn``bejqs qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe* Jlje lh B}* Cnsqdjis— ]_Us yd`` seqqè ujqd` qce en}`desq ql loou} lh; #d$ Aeoebme} ?>, =7>?6 #dd$ nj en}`de}

anqe meqyeej Knjun}t >, =7>? nja Aeoebme} ?>, =7>? qcnq ds sweodhdea mt us6 nja #ddd$ qce anqe lh n ocnjie lh oljq}l` #ns aehdjea dj lu} =775 _qlof W`nj$*

>7=


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

ESEOUQDXE OLBWEJ_NQDLJ

Olbwejsnqdlj Adsoussdlj nja Njn`tsds

Lxe}xdey

Qcds seoqdlj ew`ndjs lu} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj wcd`lslwct, lmkeoqdxes, nja aesdij6 lu} olbwejsnqdlj"seqqdji w}loess6 lu} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj w}li}nb olbwljejqs6 nja qce

aeodsdljs bnae dj =7>> ydqc }esweoq ql qce olbwejsnqdlj lh enoc lh lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s* Lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s hl} =7>>, ycdoc oljsdsq lh qce eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ycl nwwen} dj

‐‑=7>> _ubbn}t Olbwejsnqdlj Qnmè‒ me`ly, n}e;

• Bn}f [uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj nja Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} #OEL$6

• _ce}t` F* _njame}i, lu} Ocdeh Lwe}nqdji Lhhdoe} #OLL$6

• Anxda N* Eme}sbnj, lu} Ocdeh Hdjnjodn` Lhhdoe}6

• Bdfe _oc}lewhe}, lu} Xdoe W}esdaejq, Ejidjee}dji6 nja

• Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq, lu} Xdoe W}esdaejq, Ieje}n` Olujse`, nja _eo}eqn}t*

Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj Wcd`lslwct, Lmkeoqdxes nja Aesdij

Wcd`lslwct* Ye n}e hlousea lj lu} bdssdlj ql bnfe qce yl}à bl}e lwej nja oljjeoqea* Ye me`dexe qcnq Hnoemllf ds nq qce meidjjdji lh qcds klu}jet nja qcnq hl} us ql me suooesshu` ye

busq cd}e nja }eqndj welwè ycl onj oljqdjue ql aexe`lw lu} sq}nqeit, ~udof`t djjlxnqe nja mudà jey w}lauoqs, ml`sqe} qce i}lyqc lh lu} use} mnse nja use} ejiniebejq, nja oljsqnjq`t ejcnjoe

lu} musdjess blae`* Ql nocdexe qcese lmkeoqdxes, ye jeea n cdic`t qnèjqea qenb olbw}dsea lh ejidjee}dji, w}lauoq, snès, nja ieje}n` nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe w}lhessdljn`s* Ye n`sl eweoq lu}

eeouqdxe qenb ql wlssess nja aebljsq}nqe sq}lji enae}scdw nja bnjniebejq onwnmd`dqdes*

Lmkeoqdxes* Lu} olbwejsnqdlj w}li}nbs hl} lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s n}e mud`q ql suwwl}q qce hl``lydji lmkeoqdxes;

• nqq}noq qce qlw qnèjq dj lu} ènae}scdw wlsdqdljs nja blqdxnqe lu} eeouqdxes ql ae`dxe} qce cdicesq èxe` lh djadxdaun` nja qenb dbwnoq nja }esu`qs6

• ejolu}nie lu} eeouqdxes ql blae` qce dbwl}qnjq nsweoqs lh lu} ou`qu}e, ycdoc djoùae blxdji hnsq, medji mlà, olbbujdonqdji lwej`t nja mudàdji q}usq ydqc enoc lqce} nja lu}

ebw`ltees6 • ejsu}e enoc lje lh lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s }eoedxes n qlqn` olbwejsnqdlj wnofnie qcnq ejolu}nies cds l} ce} `lji"qe}b }eqejqdlj6

• }eyn}a cdic exe`s lh we}hl}bnjoe ydqc olbbejsu}nqe exe`s lh olbwejsnqdlj6 nja

• n`dij qce djqe}esqs lh lu} eeouqdxes ydqc qclse lh lu} sqlofclàe}s dj qce lxe}n`` suooess lh Hnoemllf mt ebwcnsd{dji `lji"qe}b djoejqdxes*

Aesdij* Ns n w}dxnqe`t"ceà olbwnjt, lu} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj w}li}nb ds cenxd`t yedicqea qlyn}as e~udqt, djoùadji sqlof lwqdljs nja }esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs #]_Us$, ydqc onsc

olbwejsnqdlj qcnq ds oljsdae}nm`t me`ly bn}feq }e`nqdxe ql eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj nq lu} wee} olbwnjdes* Ye me`dexe qcnq e~udqt olbwejsnqdlj lhhe}s qce mesq xecdoè ql hlous lu} eeouqdxe

lhhdoe}s lj lu} bdssdlj nja qce nocdexebejq lh lu} `lji"qe}b sq}nqeido nja hdjnjodn` lmkeoqdxes nja ql n`dij lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ydqc qce `lji"qe}b djqe}esqs lh lu} sqlofclàe}s*

Hl} lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ycl }eoedxea n sumsqnjqdn` djdqdn` e~udqt nyn}a dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce olbbejoebejq lh qced} ebw`ltbejq, ye cnxe i}njqea naadqdljn` e~udqt nyn}as ydqc

se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdljs yce}e qce olbbejoebejq lh xesqdji ds aehe}}ea ujqd` n anqe slbe ten}s dj qce huqu}e, ns adsoussea hu}qce} dj ‐‑Eèbejqs lh Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj‑E~udqt

Olbwejsnqdlj‒ me`ly* Ycej olbmdjea ydqc qce eeouqdxes— djdqdn` e~udqt nyn}as, ye me`dexe qcnq qcese naadqdljn` i}njqs }ew}esejq n sq}lji `lji"qe}b }eqejqdlj qll` nja w}lxdae qce eeouqdxe

lhhdoe}s ydqc lji"qe}b e~udqt djoejqdxes*

>7?


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ns ye q}njsdqdlj h}lb medji n w}dxnqe`t"ceà olbwnjt ql n wum`do`t"q}naea olbwnjt, ye yd`` exnùnqe lu} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj w}li}nbs, djoùadji lu} bd lh onsc nja e~udqt

olbwejsnqdlj, nq ènsq njjun``t l} ns od}oubsqnjoes }e~ud}e mnsea lj lu} musdjess lmkeoqdxes nja qce olbweqdqdxe ejxd}ljbejq hl} qnèjq* Ye njqdodwnqe oljqdjudji lu} ebwcnsds lj wnt"hl}"

we}hl}bnjoe nja lji"qe}b djoejqdxe olbwejsnqdlj hl} lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s*

Olbwejsnqdlj"_eqqdji W}loess

]lè lh Lu} Olbwejsnqdlj Olbbdqqee* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ds }eswljsdmè hl} lxe}seedji n`` nsweoqs lh lu} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj w}li}nbs, djoùadji eeouqdxe sn`n}des,

wntluqs ujae} lu} njjun` mljus w`nj, qce sd{e nja sq}uoqu}e lh e~udqt nyn}as, nja njt eeouqdxe we}~udsdqes* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ds slè`t }eswljsdmè hl} aeqe}bdjdji qce olbwejsnqdlj

lh lu} OEL nja }exdeys nja nww}lxes olbwejsnqdlj lh lqce} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s*

]lè lh Olbwejsnqdlj Oljsu`qnjq * Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee cns qce nuqcl}dqt ql ejinie dqs lyj naxdsl}s ql nssdsq dj on}}tdji luq dqs }eswljsdmd`dqdes* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ada

jlq }eqndj qce se}xdoes lh nj luqsdae olbwejsnqdlj oljsu`qnjq ql w}lxdae naxdoe ydqc }esweoq ql lu} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj w}li}nbs hl} =7>>* Dj Knjun}t =7>=, qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee

ejiniea qce se}xdoes lh Olbwejsdn, Djo*, n jnqdljn` olbwejsnqdlj oljsu`qdji hd}b* Olbwejsdn bnt w}lxdae qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee nja qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ydqc iudanjoe }ein}adji qce

nblujq nja qtwes lh olbwejsnqdlj qcnq ye w}lxdae ql lu} eeouqdxes, cly lu} olbwejsnqdlj w}noqdoes olbwn}e ql qce olbwejsnqdlj w}noqdoes lh lqce} olbwnjdes, nja lqce} olbwejsnqdlj"}e`nqea

bnqqe}s* Olbwejsdn yd`` }ewl}q ad}eoq`t ql qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee, n`qcluic Olbwejsdn bnt beeq ydqc bebme}s lh bnjniebejq hl} qce wu}wlses lh inqce}dji djhl}bnqdlj lj w}lwlsn`s qcnq

bnjniebejq bnt bnfe ql qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee bnt }ew`noe Olbwejsdn l} cd}e naadqdljn` naxdsl}s nq njt qdbe* Ql anqe, Olbwejsdn cns jlq w}lxdaea njt

se}xdoes ql us nja cns }eoedxea jl olbwejsnqdlj h}lb us*

]lè lh Bnjniebejq* Dj seqqdji olbwejsnqdlj hl} =7>>, lu} OEL, lu} OLL, nja lu} Xdoe W}esdaejq, Cubnj ]eslu}oes, yl}fea o`lse`t ydqc qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee dj bnjnidji

lu} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj w}li}nb nja nqqejaea beeqdjis lh qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee* H}lb qdbe ql qdbe, lu} Ocdeh Hdjnjodn` Lhhdoe} nja lu} Ieje}n` Olujse` nqqejaea beeqdjis lh qce

olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ql w}esejq djhl}bnqdlj nja njsye} ~uesqdljs* Lu} OEL bnae }eolbbejanqdljs ql qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee }ein}adji olbwejsnqdlj hl} lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s lqce}

qcnj cdbse`h meonuse lh cds and`t djxl`xebejq ydqc lu} eeouqdxe qenb* Jl eeouqdxe lhhdoe} wn}qdodwnqea ad}eoq`t dj qce hdjn` ae`dme}nqdljs l} aeqe}bdjnqdljs }ein}adji cds l} ce} lyj

olbwejsnqdlj wnofnie*

Lu} bnjniebejq qenb nja qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee enoc w`nt n }lè dj exnùnqdji nja bdqdinqdji njt }dsf qcnq bnt edsq }e`nqdji ql lu} olbwejsnqdlj w`njs, w}noqdoes nja wl`dodes hl}

n`` ebw`ltees, djoùadji lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, ns hu}qce} aeso}dmea dj ‐‑Olbwejsnqdlj ]dsf Nssessbejq‒ me`ly*

Use lh Olbwn}nqdxe Bn}feq Anqn* Ye ndb ql olbwejsnqe lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nq èxe`s qcnq n}e nq ènsq olbbejsu}nqe ydqc qce blsq olbweqdqdxe èxe`s lh olbwejsnqdlj lh eeouqdxe

lhhdoe}s ydqc eeouqdxes dj sdbd`n} wlsdqdljs nq n i}luw lh wee} olbwnjdes seq hl}qc me`ly ydqc yclb ye olbweqe hl} cd}dji nja }eqndjdji eeouqdxe qnèjq #lu} Wee} I}luw$* Qce olbwejsnqdlj

olbbdqqee n`sl oljsdae}ea qce solwe lh }eswljsdmd`dqt lh enoc eeouqdxe lhhdoe}, lu} ou}}ejq w}noqdoe lh bndjqndjdji bdjdbn` adhhe}ejqdnqdlj meqyeej qce onsc wnofnies lh lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s,qce ujxesqea mn`njoes lh sqlof nyn}as hl} enoc eeouqdxe lhhdoe}, ns ye`` ns qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee—s nssessbejq lh enoc eeouqdxe lhhdoe}—s we}hl}bnjoe nja dbwnoq ql qce l}injd{nqdlj* Dj

aeqe}bdjdji =7>> olbwejsnqdlj, ye ada jlq use n hl}bu`n hl} qnfdji djql noolujq qcese adhhe}ejq hnoql}s*

Bnjniebejq w}lxdaes qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ydqc mlqc onsc nja e~udqt olbwejsnqdlj anqn hl} lu} Wee} I}luw* Ye njn`t{e bn}feq anqn hl} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj nq ènsq

njjun``t usdji qce blsq }eèxnjq wum`dscea su}xet slu}oes nja wum`do hd`djis* Hl} =7>>, lu} bn}feq njn`tsds hlousea lj qeocjl`lit olbwnjdes ydqc !> md``dlj ql !? md``dlj dj njjun` }exejue dj

qce ]nahl}a I`lmn` Qeocjl`lit nja I`lmn` _nès _u}xet

>71


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

wum`dscea mt NLJ #]nahl}a _u}xet$* Dj qce hd}sq ~un}qe} lh =7>>, qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee n`sl }exdeyea olbwejsnqdlj anqn h}lb qce wum`do hd`djis hl} qce hl``lydji Wee} I}luw;

Nooejqu}e Illiè

Nalme _tsqebs Djqudq

Nbn{lj*olb Bdo}lslhq

NL@ JeqNww

Nwwè L}noè

Odsol _tsqebs snèshl}oe*olb

eMnt XByn}e

Eèoq}ljdo N}qs Tncll.

Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee eweoqs ql we}dladon``t }exdey nja uwanqe qcds Wee} I}luw*

Dj qce hd}sq ~un}qe} lh =7>>, lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee }exdeyea lu} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj nindjsq qcds Wee} I}luw, ql ejsu}e qcnq lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe} olbwejsnqdlj ds olbweqdqdxe

nja suhhdodejq ql }eo}udq nja }eqndj lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s* Bnjniebejq w}lxdaea qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ydqc qlqn` onsc olbwejsnqdlj anqn #mnse sn`n}des nja onsc mljus nyn}as nq qn}ieq$ nq

xn}dlus we}oejqdès nja qlqn` olbwejsnqdlj anqn #qlqn` onsc olbwejsnqdlj nja e~udqt olbwejsnqdlj$ nq qce 47qc we}oejqdè* Clyexe}, ycdè qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee oljsdae}ea qcds anqn dj

aeqe}bdjdji eeouqdxe lhhdoe} olbwejsnqdlj, ye ada jlq seef ql mejocbn}f lu} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj ql njt wn}qdou`n} èxe`* ]nqce}, ye sluicq ql olbwejsnqe lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nq n èxe`

ycdoc yluà n``ly us ql suooesshu``t }eo}udq nja }eqndj qce mesq wlssdmè qnèjq hl} lu} eeouqdxe qenb* Ye }e`dea cenxd`t lj qce fjlyèaie nja ewe}dejoe lh qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee nja

lu} bnjniebejq dj aeqe}bdjdji qce nww}lw}dnqe olbwejsnqdlj èxe`s hl} lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s* Lxe}n``, mnsea lj lu} Wee} I}luw njn`tsds, qlqn` onsc olbwejsnqdlj hl} lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s yns

me`ly qce =5qc we}oejqdè lh qce ]nahl}a _u}xet nja Wee} I}luw anqn* Ycej e~udqt olbwejsnqdlj yns hnoql}ea dj, ydqcluq qnfdji djql noolujq qce ehheoq lh qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdljs

qcnq meidj sexe}n` ten}s dj qce huqu}e nja qcnq n}e nww`donmè ql qce e~udqt olbwejsnqdlj lh lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, qlqn` olbwejsnqdlj hl} lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s sdijdhdonjq`t eoeeaea qce

47qc we}oejqdè lh qce bn}feq* Ye me`dexe qcnq dj =7>> qce qlqn` olbwejsnqdlj lh lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s yns olbweqdqdxe ydqc l} eoeeaea qce cdicesq èxe`s lh Wee} I}luw olbwejsnqdlj*

Dj qce seolja ~un}qe} lh =7>>, qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee hu}qce} }ehdjea lu} nww}lnoc ql }exdeydji bn}feq olbwejsnqdlj anqn hl} lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nja nww}lxea n seq lh

seèoqdlj o}dqe}dn hl} aeqe}bdjdji lu} wee} i}luw olbwnjdes ns `dsqea me`ly, ydqc qce ujae}sqnjadji qcnq qce o}dqe}dn yd`` me }exdsdqea ns lu} musdjess nja bn}feq ejxd}ljbejq ocnjie* Ildji

hl}yn}a, olbwnjdes busq beeq n`` l} slbe lh qce hl``lydji o}dqe}dn ql me djoùaea dj lu} olbwejsnqdlj wee} i}luw;

• cdic qeocjl`lit l} beadn olbwnjt6

• fet qnèjq olbweqdql}6

• bdjdbub }exejue lh !1 md``dlj6 l}

• bdjdbub bn}feq onwdqn`d{nqdlj lh !57 md``dlj*

Qcds seq lh seèoqdlj o}dqe}dn èa us ql }exdse qce wee} i}luw nindjsq yclb ye mejocbn}f lu} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj* Ye w`nj ql use qce hl``lydji olbwnjdes dj lu} wee} i}luw hl} qce

=7>= eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj w}loess; Nbn{lj*olb6 Nwwè6 Odsol _tsqebs6 eMnt6 Illiè6 @djfeaDj6 Bdo}lslhq6 Jeqh`d6 L}noè6 snèshl}oe*olb6 XByn}e6 Tncll.6 nja [tjin*

Eèbejqs lh Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj

Lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe} olbwejsnqdlj wnofnies ieje}n``t djoùae;

• mnse sn`n}t6

>75


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• we}hl}bnjoe"mnsea onsc djoejqdxes6 nja

• e~udqt"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj dj qce hl}b lh ]_Us l} lqce} scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj*

Ye me`dexe qcnq lu} olbwejsnqdlj bd suwwl}qs lu} lmkeoqdxe lh hlousdji lj nq"}dsf olbwejsnqdlj cnxdji sdijdhdonjq hdjnjodn` uwsdae mnsea lj olbwnjt nja djadxdaun` we}hl}bnjoe* Ye

eweoq ql oljqdjue ql ebwcnsd{e e~udqt nyn}as meonuse lh qce ad}eoq `djf qcnq e~udqt olbwejsnqdlj w}lxdaes meqyeej sqlofclàe} djqe}esqs nja qce djqe}esqs lh lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, qce}emt

blqdxnqdji lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ql hlous lj djo}ensdji lu} xnùe lxe} qce `lji qe}b*

Mnse _n`n}t* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee me`dexes mnse sn`n}des n}e n jeoessn}t eèbejq lh olbwejsnqdlj dj l}ae} ql nqq}noq nja }eqndj cdic`t ~un`dhdea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s* Cdsql}don``t,

lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s cnxe }eoedxea mnse sn`n}des ydqcdj n xe}t jn}}ly }njie qcnq yns esqnm`dscea ycej ye ye}e n sbn`è} olbwnjt ydqc onsc oljsq}ndjqs nja mnsea lj lu} aesd}e ql bndjqndj

djqe}jn` wnt e~udqt meqyeej eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nja n`sl }e`nqdxe ql lqce} fet ebw`ltees* Ns ye cnxe i}lyj, ye cnxe i}naun``t djo}ensea mnse sn`n}des hl} lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ydqc qce iln` lh m}djidji sn`n}des o`lse} ql bn}feq lxe} qdbe* Dj =7>>, ye oljqdjuea ql wnt eeouqdxe mnse sn`n}des qcnq ye}e me`ly bn}feq }e`nqdxe ql lu} Wee} I}luw, mlqc ql }eqndj qce eqcls lh n sqn}q"uw

olbwnjt nja meonuse lh lu} ebwcnsds lj e~udqt"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj* Ns jlqea nmlxe, dj =7>>, mnsea lj lu} Wee} I}luw njn`tsds, lu} qlqn` onsc olbwejsnqdlj hl} lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s yns

me`ly qce =5qc we}oejqdè lh qce Wee} I}luw*

Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee }exdeys mnse sn`n}des hl} lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nq ènsq njjun``t nja bnt nakusq qceb h}lb qdbe ql qdbe, dh jeeaea, ql }ehèoq ocnjies dj bn}feq oljadqdljs l}

lqce} hnoql}s* Dj qce hd}sq ~un}qe} lh =7>>, qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee aeodaea ql djo}ense qce mnse sn`n}des lh lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s dj l}ae} ql oljqdjue ql m}dji qced} sn`n}des o`lse} ql qclse wnda

mt lu} Wee} I}luw olbwnjdes hl} sdbd`n} wlsdqdljs* Nool}adji`t, lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee djo}ensea qce mnse sn`n}t lh lu} OEL mt !>77,777 nja lh enoc lqce} eeouqdxe lhhdoe} mt !=5,777*

Hl``lydji qcds =7>> sn`n}t djo}ense, lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe} sn`n}des ye}e sqd`` me`ly qce =5qc we}oejqdè lh qce sn`n}des w}lxdaea mt lu} Wee} I}luw olbwnjdes hl} eeouqdxes dj sdbd`n} wlsdqdljs*

Dj qce hd}sq ~un}qe} lh =7>=, lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee adsoussea nja nww}lxea n }e~uesq mt lu} OEL ql }eauoe cds mnse sn`n}t ql !> we} ten}, ehheoqdxe Knjun}t >, =7>?*

Jnbea Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} =7>> Mnse _n`n}t

Bn}f [uofe}me}i !577,777

_ce}t` F* _njame}i ?77,777

Anxda N* Eme}sbnj ?77,777

Bdfe _oc}lewhe} =95,777

Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq =95,777

Onsc Mljuses* Lu} =7>> Mljus]eqejqdlj W`nj #Mljus W`nj$ w}lxdaes xn}dnmè onsc djoejqdxes, wntnmè sebd"njjun``t, qcnq n}e aesdijea ql blqdxnqe lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ql hlous ljolbwnjt"ydae w}dl}dqdes nja ql }eyn}a qceb hl} djadxdaun` }esu`qs nja nocdexebejqs* N`` lh lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s wn}qdodwnqe dj qce Mljus W`nj*

Hl} =7>>, qce}e ye}e qyl sd"bljqc we}hl}bnjoe we}dlas ujae} lu} Mljus W`nj, ycdoc ye }ehe} ql ns Hd}sq Cn`h =7>> nja _eolja Cn`h =7>>* Hl} enoc we}hl}bnjoe we}dla dj =7>>, qce

olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee nww}lxea n seq lh olbwnjt"ydae w}dl}dqdes dj l}ae} ql hlous lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s lj fet n}ens lh we}hl}bnjoe hl} qce we}dla dj ~uesqdlj* Qce Hd}sq nja _eolja Cn`h

=7>> olbwnjt w}dl}dqdes }ehèoq lwe}nqdljn nja jlj"lwe}nqdljn` lmkeoqdxes esqnm`dscea mt lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee, dj oljsu qnqdlj ydqc lu} OEL nja Ocdeh Hdjnjodn Lhhdoe}* Qce

olbwnjt"ydae w}dl}dqdes al jlq cnxe sweodhdo qn}ieqs nsslodnqea ydqc qceb hl} wu}wlses lh aeqe}bdjdji we}hl}bnjoe ujae} qce Mljus W`nj, nja lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee cns olbwèqe

adso}eqdlj ql aeqe}bdje qce èxe` lh mljus wntluq hl} enoc we}hl}bnjoe we}dla* Qce nblujqs en}jea mt lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s wu}sunjq ql lu} Mljus W`nj hl} _eolja Cn`h =7>> cnxe jlq teq meej

aeqe}bdjea*

>78


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

=7>> Iln`s nja Olbwnjt We}hl}bnjoe Bu`qdw`de}s #Mljus W`nj Wll`s$* Lu} Hd}sq Cn`h =7>> olbwnjt"ydae w}dl}dqdes ye}e ns hl``lys; i}ly lu} use} mnse nja use} ejiniebejq, dbw}lxe

lu} sdqe ~un`dqt nja ehhdodejot, ewnja qce dbwnoq lh lu} W`nqhl}b, oljqdjue sq}lji }exejue i}lyqc, dbw}lxe lu} W}lhdè w}lauoq, mudà lu} blmdè w`nqhl}b, ewnja lu} wn}qje}scdws, nja oljqdjue

lu} djqe}jnqdljn` ewnjsdlj* Jlje lh qcese w}dl}dqdes ye}e nssdijea njt sweodhdo yedicqdji l} al``n} nblujq lh mljus* Qnfdji djql noolujq lu} ae`dxe}t lh }esu`qs dj qce n}ens daejqdhdea mt qce

olbwnjt"ydae w}dl}dqdes nww}lxea mt qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee, ns ye`` ns n`` lqce} }eèxnjq hnoql}s, lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee nww`dea dqs adso}eqdlj nja nww}lxea n Hd}sq Cn`h =7>>

olbwnjt we}hl}bnjoe bu`qdw`de} lh >75%* Dj wn}qdou`n}, qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee hlousea lj lu} sq}lji use} i}lyqc nja }exejue i}lyqc hl} Hd}sq Cn`h =7>>*

Lu} _eolja Cn`h =7>> olbwnjt"ydae w}dl}dqdes ye}e ns hl``lys; i}ly lu} use} mnse nja use} ejiniebejq, djo}ense adsq}dmuqdlj lh lu} W`nqhl}b, nja oljqdjue sq}lji }exejue i}lyqc*

Jlje lh qcese w}dl}dqdes ye}e nssdijea njt sweodhdo yedicqdji l} al``n} nblujq lh mljus* Qnfdji djql noolujq lu} ae`dxe}t lh }esu`qs dj qce n}ens daejqdhdea mt qce olbwnjt"ydae w}dl}dqdes

nww}lxea mt qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee, ns ye`` ns n`` lqce} }eèxnjq hnoql}s, qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee nww`tdji dqs adso}eqdlj, nww}lxea n _eolja Cn`h =7>> olbwnjt we}hl}bnjoe

bu`qdw`de} lh >77%* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee hlousea lj lu} we}hl}bnjoe dj n`` lh qce n}ens daejqdhdea mt qce olbwnjt"ydae w}dl}dqdes, ns ye`` ns lu} djq}lauoqdlj lh Qdbe`dje nja lqce} jey

w}lauoqs dj _eolja Cn`h =7>>*

Mljus W`nj Wntluqs* Ye onòu`nqe Mljus W`nj wntluqs ql enoc wn}qdodwnjq usdji qce hl``lydji hl}bu`n;

Mnse

_n`n}t #!$

Ù

Djadxdaun`

Mljus

Qn}ieq #%$

Ù

Djadxdaun`

We}hl}bnjoe

Bu`qdw`de} #%$

Ù

Olbwnjt

We}hl}bnjoe

Bu`qdw`de} #%$

2

Djadxdaun`

Mljus

Wntluq #!$

Dj qce hd}sq ~un}qe} lh =7>>, qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee aeodaea ql djo}ense djadxdaun` mljus qn}ieqs hl} enoc eeouqdxe lhhdoe} h}lb ?7% ql 15% dj l}ae} ql oljqdjue ql blxe mljuses

o`lse} ql bn}feq }nqes wnda mt lu} Wee} I}luw* Exej hl``lydji qcds mljus qn}ieq djo}ense, dj =7>>, lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe} mljuses nja qlqn` onsc olbwejsnqdlj yns sqd`` ieje}n``t me`ly qclse

w}lxdaea mt lu} Wee} I}luw olbwnjdes hl} eeouqdxes dj sdbd`n} wlsdqdljs*

Djadxdaun` We}hl}bnjoe Bu`qdw`de}* Qce djadxdaun` we}hl}bnjoe bu`qdw`de} ds mnsea uwlj enoc eeouqdxe—s djadxdaun` we}hl}bnjoe nssessbejq hl} qce we}hl}bnjoe we}dla ujae}

oljsdae}nqdlj* Dj `dje ydqc lu} wnt"hl}"we}hl}bnjoe wcd`lslwct, n cdice} we}hl}bnjoe nssessbejq a}dxes n cdice} djadxdaun` bu`qdw`de} #nja xdoe"xe}sn$ suoc qcnq dq ds wlssdmè hl} nj eeouqdxe

ydqc n `ly nssessbejq ql ieq èss qcnj qced} qn}ieq mljus wntluq, l} jl mljus wntluq ycnqslexe}* Dj =7>>, djadxdaun` we}hl}bnjoe bu`qdw`de}s dj lu} Mljus W`nj oluà cnxe }njiea h}lb 7% ql

?77%, ydqc eeouqdxes beeqdji lu} eweoqea cdic èxe` lh we}hl}bnjoe eweoqnqdljs }eoedxdji nj djadxdaun` mljus bu`qdw`de} lh >77%*

Djadxdaun` we}hl}bnjoe nssessbejqs hl} enoc eeouqdxe lhhdoe} ye}e aeqe}bdjea nq qce adso}eqdlj lh qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee dj o`lse oljsu`qnqdlj ydqc lu} OEL nja lu} OLL #eoewq

dj enoc onse ycej qced} lyj we}hl}bnjoe nssessbejq ds medji aeqe}bdjea$* Qce OEL—s nja OLL—s eeouqdxe lhhdoe} we}hl}bnjoe nssessbejq }eolbbejanqdljs ye}e mnsea lj nj lxe}n``

sumkeoqdxe nssessbejq lh enoc lhhdoe}—s we}hl}bnjoe nja jl sdjiè hnoql} yns aeqe}bdjnqdxe dj seqqdji mljus èxe`s, jl} yns qce dbwnoq lh njt djadxdaun` hnoql} lj qce mljus ~unjqdhdnmè* Yelwe}nqe dj n }nwda`t exl`xdji nja cdic`t olbweqdqdxe djausq}t nja ye seq n cdic mn} hl} we}hl}bnjoe eweoqnqdljs hl} enoc lje lh lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee exnùnqes

lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s mnsea lj qced} lxe}n`` we}hl}bnjoe, dbwnoq nja }esu`qs, ns ye`` ns qced} aebljsq}nqdlj lh sq}lji ènae}scdw, `lji"qe}b xdsdlj, ehheoqdxe eeouqdlj nja bnjniebejq

onwnmd`dqdes* Hd}sq Cn`h =7>> wntluq èxe`s nja nocdexebejqs nja oljsdae}nqdljs hl} enoc eeouqdxe ye}e ns hl``lys;

Bn}f [uofe}me}i* B}* [uofe}me}i }eoedxea !==7,577 hl} qce Hd}sq Cn`h =7>> mljus, ycdoc }ehèoqea qce dbwnoq lh cds we}hl}bnjoe dj ènadji lu} w}lauoq aexe`lwbejq ehhl}qs, lu} suooess

dj i}lydji Hnoemllf—s i`lmn` use} mnse nja aexe`lwdji sq}lji aexe`lwe} nja olbbe}odn` }e`nqdljscdws*

>79


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

=7>? ql qce hlu}qc ~un}qe} lh =7>1* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee me`dexes qcnq qcese xesqdji soceauès bnfe qce e~udqt nyn}as bl}e xnùnmè hl} }eqndjdji lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s hl} qce `lji qe}b*

Hl} bl}e djhl}bnqdlj }e`nqdji ql qce xesqdji soceauès lh qcese ]_U i}njqs, see ‐‑=7>> I}njqs lh W`nj"Mnsea Nyn}as Qnmè‒ me`ly*

B}* [uofe}me}i ada jlq }eoedxe njt naadqdljn` e~udqt i}njqs dj =7>> meonuse lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee me`dexea qcnq cds edsqdji e~udqt lyje}scdw wlsdqdlj suhhdodejq`t n`dijs cds

djqe}esqs ydqc qclse lh lu} sqlofclàe}s*

Lu} lqce} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s }eoedxea qce hl``lydji ]_U i}njqs dj =7>>;

_ce}t` F* _njame}i* Bs* _njame}i }eoedxea nj naadqdljn` e~udqt i}njq dj qce nblujq lh >,>44,71> ]_Us* Qce ]_Us n}e sumkeoq ql ~un}qe}`t xesqdji mnsea lj oljqdjuea ebw`ltbejq lxe}

hlu} ten}s ydqc n aehe}}ea xesqdji sqn}q anqe lh Loqlme} >5, =7>?*

Anxda N* Eme}sbnj* B}* Eme}sbnj }eoedxea nj naadqdljn` e~udqt i}njq dj qce nblujq lh 9>4,1=1 ]_Us* Qce ]_Us n}e sumkeoq ql ~un}qe}`t xesqdji mnsea lj oljqdjuea ebw`ltbejq lxe}

hlu} ten}s ydqc n aehe}}ea xesqdji sqn}q anqe lh Loqlme} >5, =7>1*

Bdfe _oc}lewhe} * B}* _oc}lewhe} }eoedxea nj naadqdljn` e~udqt i}njq dj qce nblujq lh 454,=?? ]_Us* Qce ]_Us n}e sumkeoq ql ~un}qe}`t xesqdji mnsea lj oljqdjuea ebw`ltbejq lxe} hlu}

ten}s ydqc n aehe}}ea xesqdji sqn}q anqe lh Loqlme} >5, =7>?*

Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq * B}* U``tlq }eoedxea nj naadqdljn` e~udqt i}njq dj qce nblujq lh =?4,373 ]_Us* Qce ]_Us n}e sumkeoq ql ~un}qe}`t xesqdji mnsea lj oljqdjuea ebw`ltbejq lxe} hlu}

ten}s ydqc n aehe}}ea xesqdji sqn}q anqe lh Ku`t >5, =7>1*

Olbwejsnqdlj Ilxe}jnjoe

Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee seefs ql ejsu}e sluja eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj w}noqdoes ql nace}e ql lu} wnt"hl}"we}hl}bnjoe wcd`lslwct ycdè nww}lw}dnqe`t bnjnidji }dsf nja n`dijdji

lu} olbwejsnqdlj w}li}nbs ydqc `lji"qe}b sqlofclàe} djqe}esqs* Qce hl``lydji w}noqdoes ye}e dj ehheoq au}dji =7>>;

• qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ds olbw}dsea slè`t lh djaewejaejq ad}eoql}s6

• qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee oljauoqs nj njjun` }exdey nja nww}lxn` lh lu} olbwejsnqdlj sq}nqeit, djoùadji n }exdey lh lu} olbwejsnqdlj"}e`nqea }dsf w}lhdè ql ejsu}e qcnq lu}

olbwejsnqdlj"}e`nqea }dsfs n}e jlq }ensljnm`t `dfe`t ql cnxe n bnqe}dn` naxe}se ehheoq lj lu} olbwnjt6

• qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee }eqndjs adso}eqdlj lj mljus wntluqs ql ejnmè dq ql }eswlja ql ujhl}eseej exejqs nja nakusq mljus wntluqs ns nww}lw}dnqe6

• ye al jlq lhhe} wlsq"ebw`ltbejq mejehdqs, eoewq dj qce onse lh oe}qndj jey cd}es dj w}dl} ten}s6 nja

• lu} olbwejsnqdlj wcd`lslwct nja }e`nqea ilxe}jnjoe henqu}es n}e olbwèbejqea mt sexe}n` sweodhdo w}noqdoes qcnq n}e aesdijea ql n`dij lu} eeouqdxe olbwejsnqdlj ydqc

`lji"qe}b sqlofclàe} djqe}esqs, djoùadji qce hl``lydji;

‟ ye lhhe} `dbdqea we}~udsdqes qcnq n}e hl} musdjess"}e`nqea wu}wlses l} jeoessn}t hl} qce seou}dqt lh lu} OEL6 nja

‟ lu} eeouqdxes wn}qdodwnqe dj m}lna"mnsea olbwnjt"swljsl}ea cen`qc nja ye`hn}e mejehdqs w}li}nbs lj qce snbe mnsds ns lu} lqce} hu``"qdbe, sn`n}dea ebw`ltees*

>74


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Wlsq"Ebw`ltbejq Olbwejsnqdlj

Qce bnqe}dn` qe}bs lh wlsq"ebw`ltbejq olbwejsnqdlj hl} Bs* _njame}i nja B}* U``tlq n}e aeso}dmea me`ly dj ‐‑Ebw`ltbejq Ni}eebejqs nja Lhhe} @eqqe}s‒ nja ‐‑Wlqejqdn`

Wntbejqs uwlj Qe}bdjnqdlj l} Ocnjie dj Oljq}l`*‒

We}~udsdqes nja Lqce} Mejehdqs

Oljsdsqejq ydqc qce w}noqdoes lh bnjt olbwnjdes dj lu} Wee} I}luw, ye w}lxdae we}~udsdqes ql lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s hl} qce }ensljs aeso}dmea me`ly*

Meonuse lh qce cdic xdsdmd`dqt lh lu} olbwnjt ye cnxe dbwèbejqea n ‐olbw}ecejsdxe seou}dqt w}li}nb‒ hl} B}* [uofe}me}i ql naa}ess snheqt oljoe}js }esu`qdji h}lb cds wlsdqdlj ns lu}

hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL* Ye }e~ud}e qcese seou}dqt bensu}es hl} qce olbwnjt—s mejehdq meonuse lh qce dbwl}qnjoe lh B}* [uofe}me}i ql Hnoemllf, nja ye me`dexe qcnq qce olsqs lh qcds

olbw}ecejsdxe seou}dqt w}li}nb n}e nww}lw}dnqe nja jeoessn}t* Ye wnda hl} qce djdqdn` w}lou}ebejq, djsqn``nqdlj nja bndjqejnjoe lh seou}dqt bensu}es hl} B}* [uofe}me}i—s we}sljn` }esdaejoe,nja ye wnt hl} qce njjun` olsqs lh seou}dqt we}sljje`, jedqce} lh ycdoc oljsqdquqes qnnmè djolbe ql B}* [uofe}me}i*

Lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee cns n`sl nuqcl}d{ea lu} OEL nja OLL ql use w}dxnqe nd}o}nhq hl} musdjess wu}wlses* Qcds w}noqdoe bndbd{es suoc eeouqdxes— w}lauoqdxe qdbe nja ejsu}es

qced} ~udof nxnd`nmd`dqt* Dj naadqdlj, B}* [uofe}me}i bnt use w}dxnqe nd}o}nhq hl} we}sljn` wu}wlses dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc cds olbw}ecejsdxe seou}dqt w}li}nb* Lj oe}qndj loonsdljs, B}* [uofe}me}i

bnt me noolbwnjdea mt hnbd`t bebme}s l} lqce}s ycej usdji w}dxnqe nd}o}nhq* Hl} h`dicqs djxl`xdji wnssejie}s h`tdji hl} we}sljn` wu}wlses, qce nii}einqe djo}ebejqn` olsq lh suoc we}sljn`

usnie ds }ewl}qea ns lqce} olbwejsnqdlj ql B}* [uofe}me}i* Qce }ewl}qea nii}einqe djo}ebejqn` olsq ds mnsea lj olsqs w}lxdaea mt qce nww`donmè ocn}qe} olbwnjt, nja djoùaes wnssejie} hees,

hue`, o}ey nja onqe}dji olsqs* Qce djo}ebejqn` olsq nqq}dmuqnmè ql B}* [uofe}me}i—s use lh w}dxnqe nd}o}nhq dj =7>> ds adso`lsea dj qce ‐N`` Lqce} Olbwejsnqdlj‒ olùbj dj ‐‑=7>> _ubbn}t

Olbwejsnqdlj Qnmè‒ me`ly*

Dj naadqdlj, ye cnxe cdsql}don``t wnda hl} oe}qndj lh lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ql }eoedxe hdjnjodn`, qn nja esqnqe w`njjdji naxdoe ql nssdsq qceb dj lmqndjdji w}lhessdljn` naxdoe lj

bnjnidji qce olbwejsnqdlj qcet }eoedxe* Ye w`nj ql adsoljqdjue qcds w}noqdoe ns lh Nw}d` >5, =7>=*

>8=#b$ Qn Aeauoqdmd`dqt

_eoqdlj >8=#b$ lh qce Djqe}jn` ]exejue Olae lh >438, ns nbejaea #Olae$, `dbdqs qce nblujq qcnq ye bnt aeauoq h}lb lu} heae}n` djolbe qnes hl} }ebuje}nqdlj wnda ql lu} jnbea

eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s #lqce} qcnj lu} Ocdeh Hdjnjodn` Lhhdoe}$ ql !> bd``dlj al``n}s we} eeouqdxe lhhdoe} we} ten}, ujèss oe}qndj }e~ud}ebejqs n}e beq* _eoqdlj >8=#b$ w}lxdaes nj eoewqdlj h}lb qcds

aeauoqdlj `dbdqnqdlj hl} oe}qndj hl}bs lh ‐we}hl}bnjoe"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj,‒ ns ye`` ns hl} qce indj }eolijd{ea mt olxe}ea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s uwlj qce ee}odse lh ~un`dhtdji olbwejsnql}t sqlof

lwqdljs* Dj naadqdlj, ‐i}njahnqce}‒ w}lxdsdljs bnt nww`t ql oe}qndj olbwejsnqdlj n}}njiebejqs qcnq ye}e ejqe}ea djql mt n ol}wl}nqdlj mehl}e dq yns wum`do`t ceà* Ql anqe, n`` lh lu}

olbwejsnqdlj qcnq cns meej i}njqea cns meej eebwq h}lb qce _eoqdlj >8=#b$ aeauoqdlj `dbdqnqdlj* Ycdè lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ds bdjahu` lh qce mejehdq ql us lh qce hu`` aeauoqdmd`dqt lh olbwejsnqdlj, lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee me`dexes qcnq dq scluà jlq me oljsq}ndjea mt qce }e~ud}ebejqs lh _eoqdlj >8=#b$ yce}e qclse }e~ud}ebejqs yluà dbwnd} hèdmd`dqt dj olbwejsnqdji

lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s dj n bnjje} qcnq onj mesq w}lblqe lu} ol}wl}nqe lmkeoqdxes* Qce}ehl}e, lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee cns jlq nalwqea n wl`dot qcnq }e~ud}es qcnq n`` olbwejsnqdlj me

aeauoqdmè* Lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee djqejas ql oljqdjue ql olbwejsnqe lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s dj n bnjje} oljsdsqejq ydqc qce mesq djqe}esqs lh lu} olbwnjt nja lu} sqlofclàe}s*

>>7


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Olbwejsnqdlj ]dsf Nssessbejq

Lu} bnjniebejq qenb nja qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee enoc w`nt n }lè dj exnùnqdji nja bdqdinqdji njt }dsf qcnq bnt edsq }e`nqdji ql lu} olbwejsnqdlj w`njs, w}noqdoes nja wl`dodes hl}

n`` ebw`ltees, djoùadji lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s* Dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qcds lhhe}dji, bnjniebejq oljauoqea n }dsf nssessbejq lh lu} olbwejsnqdlj w`njs nja w}noqdoes nja oljoùaea qcnq lu}

olbwejsnqdlj w}li}nbs al jlq o}enqe }dsfs qcnq n}e }ensljnm`t `dfe`t ql cnxe n bnqe}dn` naxe}se ehheoq lj qce olbwnjt* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee cns }exdeyea nja ni}ees ydqc bnjniebejq—s

oljoùsdlj* Qce lmkeoqdxe lh qce nssessbejq yns ql daejqdht njt olbwejsnqdlj w`njs l} w}noqdoes qcnq bnt ejolu}nie ebw`ltees ql qnfe ujjeoessn}t }dsf qcnq oluà qc}enqej qce olbwnjt* Jl suoc

w`njs l} w}noqdoes ye}e daejqdhdea* Qce }dsf nssessbejq w}loess djoùaea, nblji lqce} qcdjis, n }exdey lh lu} onsc nja e~udqt djoejqdxe"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj w`njs ql ejsu}e qcnq qcet n}e n`dijea

ydqc lu} olbwnjt we}hl}bnjoe iln`s nja qce lxe}n`` olbwejsnqdlj ql ejsu}e nj nww}lw}dnqe mn`njoe meqyeej hdea nja xn}dnmè wnt olbwljejqs nja meqyeej scl}q" nja `lji"qe}b djoejqdxes*

=7>> _ubbn}t Olbwejsnqdlj Qnmè

Qce hl``lydji qnmè w}esejqs subbn}t djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji qce qlqn` olbwejsnqdlj nyn}aea ql, en}jea mt, l} wnda ql enoc lh qce jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s hl} se}xdoes }ejae}ea ql us hl}qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

Jnbe nja W}djodwn` Wlsdqdlj

Hdson`

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#!$

Mljus

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Nyn}as

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Olbwejsnqdlj

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#!$

Bn}f [uofe}me}i, =7>> 13?,??? ==7,577 ‑ 93?,5=4 >,139,?8=

OEL

_ce}t` F* _njame}i, =7>> =45,3?? 38,>?? ?7,14>,8>? ‑ ?7,39?,594

Ocdeh Lwe}nqdji Lhhdoe}

Anxda N* Eme}sbnj, =7>> =45,3?? 38,>?? >3,=41,45= ‑ >3,898,4>3


Bdfe _oc}lewhe}, =7>> =97,3?? 8?,777 =1,?4?,=45 ‑ =1,9=9,>=3

Xdoe W}esdaejq lh Ejidjee}dji

Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq, =7>> =97,3?? 193,957 8,743,?>9 >>7,811 8,453,511

Xdoe W}esdaejq, Ieje}n` Olujse` nja _eo}eqn}t

#>$ Qce nblujqs }ewl}qea dj qce mljus olùbj }ew}esejq adso}eqdljn}t mljuses en}jea au}dji qce hd}sq cn`h lh qce hdson` ten} wu}sunjq ql lu} Mljus W`nj* Qce nblujqs en}jea wu}sunjq ql lu} Mljus W`nj au}dji qce seolja cn`h lh qce hdson` ten} cnxejlq teq meej aeqe}bdjea* Hl} bl}e djhl}bnqdlj nmluq lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s— adso}eqdljn}t mljuses, see ‐‑Olbwejsnqdlj Adsoussdlj nja Njn`tsds‑Eèbejqs lh Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj‑Onsc Mljuses‒ nmlxe*

#=$ Nblujqs }ehèoq qce nii}einqe i}njq anqe hnd} xnùe lh qce ]_Us ydqcluq }ein}as ql hl}hedqu}es, olbwuqea dj nool}anjoe ydqc N_O 9>3* Qce xnùnqdlj nssubwqdljs usea dj onòu`nqdji qce i}njq anqe hnd} xnùe lh qcese ]_Us n}e seq hl}qc dj

‐Bnjniebejq—s Adsoussdlj nja Njn`tsds lh Hdjnjodn` Oljadqdlj nja ]esu`qs lh Lwe}nqdljs‑O}dqdon` Noolujqdji Wl`dodes nja Esqdbnqes‑_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj*‒ Qcds nblujq ales jlq }ehèoq qce noqun` eoljlbdo xnùe }en`d{ea mt qce

jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}* Qce ]_Us dssuea ql lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s au}dji =7>> w}lxdae hl} ~un}qe}`t xesqdji mnsea lj oljqdjuea ebw`ltbejq lxe} hlu} ten}s ydqc n aehe}}ea xesqdji sqn}q anqe lh Loqlme} >5, =7>? hl} Bs* _njame}i, Loqlme} >5,

=7>1 hl} B}* Eme}sbnj, Loqlme} >5, =7>? hl} B}* _oc}lewhe}, nja Ku`t >5, =7>1 hl} B}* U``tlq*

#?$ Qce nblujq }ewl}qea }ew}esejq nww}ldbnqe`t !84=,894 hl} olsqs }e`nqea ql we}sljn` use lh nd}o}nhq ocn}qe}ea dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc cds olbw}ecejsdxe seou}dqt w}li}nb nja lj ycdoc hnbd`t nja h}dejas hèy au}dji =7>>* Hl} wu}wlses lh }ewl}qdji

qce xnùe lh suoc we}sljn` usnie dj qcds qnmè, ye use olsqs w}lxdaea mt qce nww`donmè ocn}qe} olbwnjt, ycdoc djoùae wnssejie} hees, hue`, o}ey nja on qe}dji olsqs* Qce nblujq }ewl}qea n`sl }ew}esejqs nww}ldbnqe`t !47,357 hl} olsqs }e`nqea ql

esqnqe nja hdjnjodn` w`njjdji au}dji =7>>*

#1$ Oljsdsqs lh n adso}eqdljn}t mljus ujae} lu} Mljus W`nj ns aeso}dmea dj hllqjlqe #>$ nmlxe nja nj njjun` }eqejqdlj mljus dj qce nblujq lh !177,777* B}* U``tlq—s }eqejqdlj mljus ds bl}e hu``t aeso}dmea dj ‐‑Olbwejsnqdlj Adsoussdlj nja

Njn`tsds‑Eèbejqs lh Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj‑]eqejqdlj Mljus‒ nmlxe*

#5$ Oljsdsqs lh }e`lonqdlj }edbmu}sebejqs, djoùadji n }e`nqea i}lss"uw hl} qnes, wnda ql B}* U``tlq wu}sunjq ql cds ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq dj ehheoq ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Hl} bl}e djhl}bnqdlj nmluq B}* U``tlq—s nbejaea nja }esqnqea

ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq, see ‐‑Ebw`ltbejq Ni}eebejqs n ja Lhhe} @eqqe}s‒ me`ly*

>>>

#>$ #=$

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h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

=7>> I}njqs lh W`nj"Mnsea Nyn}as Qnmè

Qce hl``lydji qnmè w}esejqs, hl} enoc lh qce jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, djhl}bnqdlj oljoe}jdji enoc i}njq lh nj e~udqt nyn}a bnae au}dji qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Qcds

djhl}bnqdlj suwwèbejqs qce djhl}bnqdlj nmluq qcese nyn}as seq hl}qc dj qce =7>> _ubbn}t Olbwejsnqdlj Qnmè*

I}njq

Anqe

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Nyn}as; Jubme}

lh _cn}es lh

_qlof l} Ujdqs #/$

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lh _qlof Nyn}as

#!$ Jnbe

Bn}f [uofe}me}i ‑ ‑ ‑

_ce}t` F* _njame}i ?=5=7>> >,>44,71> ?7,14>,8>?

Anxda N* Eme}sbnj ?=5=7>> 9>4,1=1 >3,=41,45=Bdfe _oc}lewhe} ?=5=7>> 454,=?? =1,?4?,=45

Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq ?=5=7>> =?4,373 8,743,?>9

#>$ Qcese nyn}as n}e sumkeoq ql xesqdji, ns aeso}dmea dj aeqnd` dj ‐‑=7>> Luqsqnjadji E~udqt Nyn}as nq Ten}"Eja Qnmè‒ me`ly*

#=$ Nblujqs }ehèoq qce i}njq anqe hnd} xnùe lh qce ]_Us ydqcluq }ein}as ql hl}hedqu}es, olbwuqea dj nool}anjoe ydqc N_O 9>3* Qce xnùnqdlj nssubwqdljs usea dj onòu`nqdji qce i}njq anqe hnd} xnùe lh qcese nyn}as n}e seq hl}qc dj ‐Bnjniebejq—s

Adsoussdlj nja Njn`tsds lh Hdjnjodn` Oljadqdlj nja ]esu`qs lh Lwe}nqdljs‑O}dqdon` Noolujqdji Wl`dodes nja Esqdbnqes‑_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj*‒ Qcds nblujq ales jlq }ehèoq qce noqun` eoljlbdo xnùe }en`d{ea mt qce jnbea eeouqdxe

lhhdoe}*

#?$ Qce ]_Us dssuea ql lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s au}dji =7>> w}lxdae hl} ~un}qe}`t xesqdji mnsea lj oljqdjuea ebw`ltbejq lxe} hlu} ten}s ydqc n aehe}}ea xesqdji sqn}q anqe lh Loqlme} >5, =7>? hl} Bs* _njame}i, Loqlme} >5, =7>1 hl} B}* Eme}sbnj,

Loqlme} >5, =7>? hl} B}* _oc}lewhe}, nja Ku`t >5, =7>1 hl} B}* U``tlq*

>>=

#>$ #=$#?$


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

=7>> Luqsqnjadji E~udqt Nyn}as nq Ten}"Eja Qnmè

Qce hl``lydji qnmè w}esejqs, hl} enoc lh qce jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji luqsqnjadji sqlof lwqdljs nja ]_Us ceà ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

Lwqdlj Nyn}as _qlof Nyn}as

Jnbe I}njq Anqe

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_eou}dqdes

Ujae}`tdji

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Bn}f [uofe}me}i >>3=775 >=7,777,777 ‑ 7*78 >>9=7>5 ‑ ‑

_ce}t` F* _njame}i 3>=773 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ?3,>==,777

9=?=7>7 ‑ ?,577,777 >7*?4 9===7=7 ‑ ‑

>7>3=7>7 ‑ >,=77,777 >5*77 >7>9=7=7 ‑ ‑

?=5=7>> ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ >,>44,71>

Anxda N* Eme}sbnj >7=8=774 =,7=5,777 =,195,777 ?*=? >7=5=7>4 ‑ ‑

>7=8=774 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ 8,957,777

?=5=7>> ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ 9>4,1=1

Bdfe _oc}lewhe} >>==774 >,>1>,>87 597,535 >*35 >>>=7>4 ‑ ‑

>>==774 =47,?79 ?5?,713 >*35 >>>=7>4 ‑ ‑

>>==774 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ >,149,995

>>==774 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ >,>98,3=5

3>4=774 51?,957 53>,=57 =*45 3>3=7>4 ‑ ‑

3=8=774 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ >,>=5,777

3=8=7>7 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ >,?35,?55

?=5=7>> ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ 454,=??

Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq >>==774 >,9=7,??> >,>31,447 >*35 >>>=7>4 ‑ ‑

>>==774 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ?,=?>,937

==8=7>7 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ?>>,=?7

?=5=7>> ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ =?4,373

#>$ Ydqc qce eoewqdlj lh qce sqlof lwqdlj i}njqea ql B}* [uofe}me}i aeso}dmea dj hllqjlqe #5$ me`ly, ycdoc yns i}njqea ujae} lu} =775 Lhhdoe}s— _qlof W`nj, n`` lh qce luqsqnjadji e~udqt nyn}as aeso}dmea me`ly ye}e i}njqea ujae} lu} =775 _qlof

W`nj*

#=$ Ydqc qce eoewqdlj lh qce sqlof lwqdlj i}njqea ql Bs* _njame}i aeso}dmea dj hllqjlqe #4$ me`ly, qcds olùbj }ew}esejqs qce hnd} xnùe lh n scn}e lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof lj qce anqe lh i}njq, ns aeqe}bdjea mt lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s*

#?$ ]_Us i}njqea w}dl} ql Knjun}t >, =7>> #W}e"=7>> ]_Us$ dssuea ql lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s lj`t xesq uwlj qce snqdshnoqdlj lh mlqc #d$ n se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj nja #dd$ n `d~udadqt"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj* Qce `d~udadqt"mnsea xesqdji

oljadqdlj hl} W}e"=7>> ]_Us ds; #n$ qce anqe qcnq ds sd bljqcs nhqe} qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji6 l} #m$ n ocnjie lh oljq}l` #ns aehdjea dj lu} =775 _qlof W`nj$*

#1$ Qce bn}feq w}doe hl} lu} O nss M olbblj sqlof ds mnsea lj qce nssubea djdqdn` wum do lhhe}dji w}doe lh qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof lh ! we} scn}e, qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus*

#5$ Qce scn}es sumkeoq ql qcds lwqdlj ye}e hu``t xesqea ns lh Jlxebme} >, =7>7*

#8$ Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj yns snqdshdea ns ql 59% lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Nw}d` >, =7>>* Meqyeej Nw}d` >, =7>> nja Nw}d` >, =7>=, nj naadqdljn` >*95% lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us yd` xesq we}

bljqc, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe* Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj yd`` me snqdshdea ns ql n`` lh qce scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Nw}d` >, =7>?*

#9$ >13qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj yd`` xesq lj Bnt >, =7>? nja qce }ebndjdji scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj xesq nq n }nqe lh >13qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj lj enoc bljqc qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql

oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe*

#3$ =87,777 lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj yd`` xesq lj Bnt >, =7>? dj e~un` bljqc`t djsqn``bejqs hl} n we}dla lh 13 bljqcs, nja, qce}enhqe}, qce }ebndjdji scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj yd`` xesq dj e~un` bljqc t djsqn``bejqs hl} n

we}dla lh >= bljqcs, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe*

#4$ Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee seq qce lwqdlj ee}odse w}doe hl} qcds i}njq nq !>5*77 we} scn}e, n w}ebdub ql qce hnd} bn}feq xnùe lh n scn}e lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof lj qce anqe lh i}njq ycdoc yns aeqe}bdjea mt lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ql me

!>=*58 we} scn}e*

>>?

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#8$

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h >45 ===7>=



Qnm`e lh Oljqejqs

#>7$ Qce xesqdji oljadqdlj yd` me snqdshdea ns ql >>8qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Knjun}t >5, =7>1* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >>8qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj enoc

~un}qe} qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe*

#>>$ >5qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj xesqea lj _ewqebme} 3, =7>7 nja qce }ebndjdji scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj xesq nq n }nqe lh >87qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj lj enoc bljqc qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql


#>=$ Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj yns snqdshdea ns ql >5qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj _ewqebme} >5, =7>7* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >87qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj

enoc bljqc qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe*

#>?$ Qce xesqdji oljadqdlj yd`` me snqdshdea ns ql >>8qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Knjun}t >5, =7>5* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >>8qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce ]_Us lj enoc ~un}qe}

qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe*

#>1$ Dj Kuje =7>>, dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc oe}qndj esqnqe w`njjdji, B}* _oc}lewhe} q}njshe}}ea lwqdljs ql wu}ocnse 177,777 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql enoc lh qyl hnbd`t q}usqs*

#>5$ >5qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj xesqea lj Nuiusq =5, =774 nja qce }ebndjdji scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj xesq nq n }nqe lh >87qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj lj enoc bljqc qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql


#>8$ >5qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj xesqea lj Loqlme} =4, =774 nja qce }ebndjdji scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj xesq nq n }nqe lh >87qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj lj enoc bljqc qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql

oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe*#>9$ Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj yns snqdshdea ns ql >5qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj _ewqebme} >, =774* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >87qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj


#>3$ Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj yns snqdshdea ns ql >5qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Jlxebme} >, =774* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >87qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj


#>4$ >5qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj xesqea lj Ku`t >5, =7>7 nja qce }ebndjdji scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj xesq nq n }nqe lh >87qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj lj enoc bljqc qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql


#=7$ Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj yns snqdshdea ns ql >5qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Ku`t >5, =7>7* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >87qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj enoc

bljqc qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe*

#=>$ Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj yd`` me snqdshdea ns ql >>8qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Nuiusq >5, =7>1* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >>8qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us

lj enoc ~un}qe} qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe*

#==$ Qce xesqdji oljadqdlj yd` me snqdshdea ns ql >>8qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Knjun}t >5, =7>1* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >>8qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj enoc


#=?$ Dj Aeoebme} =7>>, dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc oe}qndj esqnqe w`njjdji, B}* U``tlq q}njshe}}ea lwqdljs ql wu}ocnse 177,777 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql n hnbd`t q}usq*

#=1$ >5qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj xesqea lj Loqlme} =7, =774 nja qce }ebndjdji scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj xesq nq n }nqe lh >87qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj lj enoc bljqc qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql


#=5$ Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj yns snqdshdea ns ql >5qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Jlxebme} >, =774* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >87qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj


#=8$ Qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj yd`` me snqdshdea ns ql >1qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Nuiusq >5, =7>1* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >>8qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj

enoc ~un}qe} qce}enhqe}, sumkeoq ql oljqdjuea se}xdoe ql us qc}luic enoc xesqdji anqe*

#=9$ Qce xesqdji oljadqdlj yd`` me snqdshdea ns ql >>8qc lh qce qlqn` scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj Loqlme} >5, =7>1* Qce }ebndjdji scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us xesq nq n }nqe lh >>8qc lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es ujae}`tdji qce ]_Us lj enoc


>>1


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

=7>> Lwqdlj Ee}odses

Qce hl``lydji qnmè w}esejqs, hl} enoc lh qce jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, qce jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof no~ud}ea uwlj qce ee}odses lh sqlof lwqdljs au}dji =7>> nja qce

nii}einqe xnùe }en`d{ea uwlj qce ee}odses* Jl ]_Us xesqea dj =7>>*

Lwqdlj Nyn}as

Jnbe

Jubme} lh _cn}es

No~ud}ea lj

Ee}odse #/$

Xnùe ]en`d{ea lj

Ee}odse #!$

Bn}f [uofe}me}i ‑ ‑

_ce}t` F* _njame}i ‑ ‑

Anxda N* Eme}sbnj ‑ ‑Bdfe _oc}lewhe} ?>4,577 9,1>9,5>=

Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq ?=8,154 9,594,79=

#>$ Qcese lwqdljs ye}e ee}odsea dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce snè mt Bess}s* _oc}lewhe} nja U``tlq lh oe}qndj lh qcese scn}es ql qcd}a wn}qdes* Qce nii}einqe xnùe }en`d{ea uwlj qce ee}odse lh qce lwqdljs }ew}esejqs qce nblujq mt ycdoc !=5*79, ycdoc

yns qce w}doe we} scn}e nq ycdoc Bess}s* _oc}lewhe} nja U``tlq slà oe}qndj lh qcese scn}es, eoeeaea qce nii}einqe ee}odse w}doe lh qce lwqdljs, ycdoc yns !>*351 we} scn}e*

Ebw`ltbejq Ni}eebejqs nja Lhhe} @eqqe}s

Ye cnxe ejqe}ea djql ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejqs l} lhhe} èqqe}s ydqc enoc lh qce jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s* Qcese ni}eebejqs w}lxdae hl} nq"yd`` ebw`ltbejq nja ieje}n``t djoùae qce

jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}—s djdqdn` mnse sn`n}t, nj djadonqdlj lh e`didmd`dqt hl} nj njjun` onsc djoejqdxe nyn}a lwwl}qujdqt, nja, dj slbe onses, n}}njiebejqs ydqc }esweoq ql qce nooeè}nqea xesqdji lh

e~udqt nyn}as* Dj naadqdlj, enoc lh lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s cns eeouqea n hl}b lh lu} sqnjan}a oljhdaejqdn` djhl}bnqdlj nja djxejqdlj nssdijbejq ni}eebejq* Njt wlqejqdn` wntbejqs nja

mejehdqs aue uwlj n qe}bdjnqdlj lh ebw`ltbejq l} n ocnjie dj oljq}l` lh us n}e hu}qce} aeso}dmea nja ~unjqdhdea me`ly dj ‐‑Wlqejqdn` Wntbejqs uwlj Qe}bdjnqdlj l} Ocnjie dj Oljq}l`*‒

Bn}f [uofe}me}i

Ye ejqe}ea djql nj nbejaea nja }esqnqea lhhe} èqqe} ydqc B}* [uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, dj Knjun}t =7>=* Qcds lhhe} èqqe} ni}eebejq cns jl sweodhdo qe}b nja

oljsqdquqes nq"yd`` ebw`ltbejq* B}* [uofe}me}i—s ou}}ejq njjun` mnse sn`n}t ds !577,777 nja ce ds e`didmè ql }eoedxe njjun` mljus olbwejsnqdlj ujae} lu} Mljus W`nj* Ehheoqdxe Knjun}t >,

=7>?, B}* [uofe}me}i—s njjun` mnse sn`n}t yd`` me }eauoea ql !>*

_ce}t` F* _njame}i

Ye ejqe}ea djql nj nbejaea nja }esqnqea ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq ydqc Bs* _njame}i, lu} Ocdeh Lwe}nqdji Lhhdoe}, dj Knjun}t =7>=* Qce ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq cns jl sweodhdo qe}b nja

oljsqdquqes nq"yd`` ebw`ltbejq* Bs* _njame}i—s ou}}ejq njjun` mnse sn`n}t ds !?77,777, nja sce ds e`didmè ql }eoedxe njjun` mljus olbwejsnqdlj ujae} lu} Mljus W`nj* Dj qce exejq Bs* _njame}i

ds edqce} djxlùjqn}d`t qe}bdjnqea ydqcluq onuse #lqce} qcnj ns n }esu`q lh aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt$ l} ds oljsq}uoqdxe`t qe}bdjnqea, dj edqce} onse ydqcdj lje bljqc w}dl} ql l} sd bljqcs hl``lydji n

ocnjie dj oljq}l`, sce yd`` me ejqdqèa ql nooeè}nqea xesqdji lh >77% lh qce ujxesqea ]_Us dj ce} djdqdn` i}njq, sumkeoq ql eeouqdji n }eènse lh o`ndbs* Dj naadqdlj, qce ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq

w}lxdaes qcnq dj qce exejq lh n ocnjie dj oljq}l` yce}e qce ]_Us n}e jlq nssubea l} sumsqdquqea hl} nj e~udxnèjq nyn}a, njt ujxesqea ]_Us yd`` xesq dbbeadnqe`t w}dl} ql qce oljsubbnqdlj lh

qce ocnjie dj oljq}l`* Qce ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq n`sl w}lxdaes qcnq dh Bs* _njame}i ds qe}bdjnqea ydqcluq onuse #lqce} qcnj ns n }esu`q lh aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt$, nja lqce} qcnj dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc n

ocnjie dj oljq}l`, sce yd`` me ejqdqèa ql nooeè}nqea xesqdji lh qce ujxesqea ]_Us dj ce} djdqdn` i}njq dj nj nblujq e~un` ql qce jubme} lh ]_Us qcnq yluà cnxe xesqea cna ce} ebw`ltbejq

oljqdjuea hl} qce hd}sq cn`h lh qce bljqcs }ebndjdji meqyeej qce anqe lh ce} q e}bdjnqdlj nja Nw}d` >, =7>?, sumkeoq ql eeouqdji n }eènse lh o`ndbs, nja dh sce ds qe}bdjnqea ns n }esu`q lh aenqc l}

adsnmd`dqt, sce yd`` me ejqdqèa ql oljqdjuea xesqdji lh ce} ujxesqea ]_Us hl} lje ten}*

>>5

#>$


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Anxda N* Eme}sbnj

Ye ejqe}ea djql nj nbejaea nja }esqnqea lhhe} èqqe} ydqc B}* Eme}sbnj, lu} Ocdeh Hdjnjodn` Lhhdoe}, dj Knjun}t =7>=* Qce lhhe} èqqe} ni}eebejq cns jl sweodhdo qe}b nja oljsqdquqes

nq"yd`` ebw`ltbejq* B}* Eme}sbnj—s ou}}ejq njjun` mnse sn`n}t ds !?77,777, nja ce ds e`didmè ql }eoedxe njjun` mljus olbwejsnqdlj ujae} lu} Mljus W`nj*

Bdfe _oc}lewhe}

Ye ejqe}ea djql nj nbejaea nja }esqnqea lhhe} èqqe} ydqc B}* _oc}lewhe}, lu} Xdoe W}esdaejq, Ejidjee}dji, dj Knjun}t =7>=* Qce lhhe} èqqe} ni}eebejq cns jl sweodhdo qe}b nja

oljsqdquqes nq"yd`` ebw`ltbejq* B}* _oc}lewhe}—s ou}}ejq njjun` mnse sn`n}t ds !=95,777, nja ce ds e`didmè ql }eoedxe njjun` mljus olbwejsnqdlj ujae} lu} Mljus W`nj*

Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq

Ye ejqe}ea djql nj nbejaea nja }esqnqea ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq ydqc B}* U``tlq, lu} Xdoe W}esdaejq, Ieje}n` Olujse`, nja _eo}eqn}t, dj Knjun}t =7>=* Qce ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq cns

jl sweodhdo qe}b nja oljsqdquqes nq"yd`` ebw`ltbejq* B}* U``tlq—s ou}}ejq njjun` mnse sn`n}t ds !=95,777, nja ce ds e`didmè ql }eoedxe njjun` mljus olbwejsnqdlj ujae} lu} Mljus W`nj* Dj

naadqdlj, qce ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq w}lxdaes qcnq B}* U``tlq ds ejqdqèa ql nj njjun` }eqejqdlj mljus lh !177,777 hl} qce hd}sq hdxe ten}s lh cds ebw`ltbejq #B}* U``tlq—s ebw`ltbejq olbbejoea

dj Loqlme} =773$* Dj qce exejq qcnq B}* U``tlq ds edqce} djxlùjqn}d`t qe}bdjnqea ydqcluq onuse #lqce} qcnj ns n }esu`q lh aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt$ l} ds oljsq}uoqdxe`t qe}bdjnqea, dj edqce} onse ydqcdj

lje bljqc w}dl} ql l} sd bljqcs hl``lydji n ocnjie dj oljq}l`, ce yd`` me ejqdqèa ql nooeè}nqea xesqdji lh >77% lh qce ujxesqea ]_Us nja lwqdljs dj cds djdqdn` i}njqs, sumkeoq ql eeouqdji n

}eènse lh o`ndbs* Dj naadqdlj, qce ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq w}lxdaes qcnq dj qce exejq qcnq dh, dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc n ocnjie dj oljq}l`, qce ]_Us nja scn}es sumkeoq ql lwqdljs n}e jlq nssubea l}

sumsqdquqea hl} e~udxnèjq nyn}as, qcej njt ujxesqea ]_Us l} scn}es sumkeoq ql lwqdljs yd`` xesq dbbeadnqe`t w}dl} ql qce oljsubbnqdlj lh qce ocnjie dj oljq}l`* Qce ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq n`sl

w}lxdaes qcnq dh B}* U``tlq ds djxlùjqn}d`t qe}bdjnqea dj qce hlu}qc l} hdhqc ten}s lh cds ebw`ltbejq edqce} ydqcluq onuse #lqce} qcnj ns n }esu`q lh aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt$ l} ds oljsq}uoqdxe`t

qe}bdjnqea, lqce} qcnj dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc n ocnjie dj oljq}l`, ce yd`` me ejqdqèa ql nooeè}nqea xesqdji lh 57% lh qce }ebndjdji ujxesqea ]_Us nja scn}es sumkeoq ql lwqdljs dj cds djdqdn` i}njqs,

sumkeoq ql eeouqdji n }eènse lh o`ndbs* Qce ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejq n`sl w}lxdaes qcnq ce yd`` me ejqdqèa ql n sexe}njoe wntbejq e~un` ql lje ten} lh mnse sn`n}t nja cds njjun` }eqejqdlj mljus

dh ce ds djxlùjqn}d`t qe}bdjnqea edqce} ydqcluq onuse #lqce} qcnj ns n }esu`q lh aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt$ l} ds oljsq}uoqdxe`t qe}bdjnqea, dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc n ocnjie dj oljq}l` l} lqce}ydse, sumkeoq ql

eeouqdji n }eènse lh o`ndbs*

Wlqejqdn` Wntbejqs uwlj Qe}bdjnqdlj l} Ocnjie dj Oljq}l`

Ujae} qce qe}bs nja oljadqdljs lh qced} djadxdaun` ni}eebejqs, ns aeso}dmea dj aeqnd` nmlxe, Bs* _njame}i nja B}* U``tlq n}e e`didmè ql }eoedxe oe}qndj mejehdqs dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc cd s l}

ce} qe}bdjnqdlj lh ebw`ltbejq, aewejadji lj qce od}oubsqnjoes, djoùadji hl``lydji n ocnjie dj oljq}l` lh us #suoc ns n snè lh n`` l} sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh lu} nsseqs l} n be}ie} djxl`xdji qce snè

lh n bnkl}dqt lh qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} xlqdji onwdqn` sqlof$*

Qce noqun` nblujqs qcnq yluà me wnda l} adsq}dmuqea ql qcese jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ns n }esu`q lh n qe}bdjnqdlj exejq loou}}dji dj qce huqu}e bnt me adhhe}ejq qcnj qclse w}esejqeame`ly ns bnjt hnoql}s yd`` nhheoq qce nblujq lh njt wntbejqs nja mejehdqs uwlj n qe}bdjnqdlj lh ebw`ltbejq* Hl} enbwè, slbe lh qce hnoql}s qcnq oluà nhheoq qce nblujqs wntnmè djoùae qce

jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}—s mnse sn`n}t nja qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu} olbblj sqlof* N`qcluic ye cnxe, dj slbe djsqnjoes, ejqe}ea djql y}dqqej n}}njiebejqs ql w}lxdae mejehdqs ql qce jnbea

eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc n qe}bdjnqdlj lh ebw`ltbejq ujae} wn}qdou`n} od}oubsqnjoes, ye, l} nj no~ud}e}, bnt buqun``t ni}ee ydqc qce jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s lj sexe}njoe qe}bs

qcnq xn}t h}lb

>>8


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

qclse w}lxdaea dj qcese w}e"edsqdji n}}njiebejqs* Hl} bl}e djhl}bnqdlj nmluq qce jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s— luqsqnjadji e~udqt nyn}as ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, see ‐‑=7>> Luqsqnjadji

E~udqt Nyn}as nq Ten}"Eja Qnmè‒ nmlxe*

Hl} wu}wlses lh qce qnmès me`ly ns ql Bs* _njame}i nja B}* U``tlq, nj ‐djxlùjqn}t qe}bdjnqdlj‒ ieje}n``t benjs qce qe}bdjnqdlj lh qce eeouqdxe—s ebw`ltbejq mt us ydqcluq onuse l}

suoc djadxdaun`—s xlùjqn}t }esdijnqdlj hl``lydji n bnqe}dn` naxe}se ocnjie dj cds l} ce} olbwejsnqdlj, }eswljsdmd`dqt, l} qce `lonqdlj lh cds l} ce} se}xdoes* ‐Onuse‒ ds ieje}n``t aehdjea ql

djoùae noqs lh bnqe}dn` adscljesqt l} i}lss jei`diejoe, hndù}es ql olbw`t ydqc lu} wl`dodes l} ni}eebejqs, l} njt oljxdoqdlj lh n he`ljt l} o}dbe lh bl}n` qu}wdquae*

_ce}t` F* _njame}i

Qce qnmè me`ly subbn}d{es qce xnùe lh qce xesqdji nooeè}nqdlj ql ycdoc Bs* _njame}i yluà me ejqdqèa, nssubdji n ~un`dhtdji qe}bdjnqdlj ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

Mejehdq

Jl Ocnjie

dj Oljq}l` Ocnjie dj Oljq}l`

Djxlùjqn}t

Qe}bdjnqdlj

Jl

Qe}bdjnqdlj

Djxlùjqn}t

Qe}bdjnqdlj

Xesqdji Nooeè}nqdlj ! ! !

#>$ Onòu`nqea mnsea lj qce nssubea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh ! we} scn}e, qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus*

#=$ Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj lj 3,=53,913 scn}es ujae}`tdji Bs* _njame}i—s djdqdn` ]_Us yluà me nooeè}nqea dh sce yns qe}bdjnqea ns n }esu`q lh ce} aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt, ycdoc ds qce jubme} lh djdqdn` ]_Us qcnq

yluà cnxe xesqea dh Bs* _njame}i cna }ebndjea ebw`ltea hl} nj naadqdljn` qye`xe bljqcs h}lb qce anqe lh ce} aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt* Qce xnùe lh qcds xesqdji nooeè}nqdlj yns ! ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> ycej onòu`nqea ns aeso}dmea dj

hllqjlqe #>$ nmlxe*

#?$ Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj lj 5,18?,811 scn}es ujae}`tdji Bs* _njame}i—s djdqdn` ]_Us yluà me nooeè}nqea dh sce yns qe}bdjnqea ydqcluq onuse, lqce} qcnj ns n }esu`q lh ce} aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt, ycdoc ds qce

jubme} lh djdqdn` ]_Us qcnq yluà cnxe xesqea dh Bs* _njame}i cna }ebndjea ebw`ltea hl} qce hd}sq cn`h lh qce bljqcs }ebndjdji meqyeej qce anqe lh qe}bdjnqdlj nja Nw}d` >, =7>?*

#1$ Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, >>,755,?37 scn}es ujae}`tdji Bs* _njame}i—s djdqdn` ]_Us yluà me nooeè}nqea dh sce yns edqce} djxlùjqn}d`t qe}bdjnqea, lqce} qcnj ns n }esu`q lh ce} aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt, ydqcdj lje bljqc w}dl} ql l} ydqcdj sd bljqcs

hl``lydji n ocnjie dj oljq}l`, l} ce} djdqdn` ]_Us ye}e jlq nssubea l} sumsqdquqea hl} nj e~udxnèjq nyn}a, suoc qcnq >77% lh qce scn}es ujae}`tdji Bs* _njame}i—s djdqdn` ]_Us yluà me xesqea*

Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq

Qce qnmè me`ly subbn}d{es qce xnùe lh xesqdji nooeè}nqdlj nja sexe}njoe wntbejqs ql ycdoc B}* U``tlq yluà me ejqdqèa, nssubdji n ~un`dhtdji qe}bdjnqdlj ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

Mejehdq

Jl Ocnjie

dj Oljq}l` Ocnjie dj Oljq}l`

Djxlùjqn}t

Qe}bdjnqdlj

Jl

Qe}bdjnqdlj

Djxlùjqn}t

Qe}bdjnqdlj _exe}njoe ! 895,777 ! ‑ ! 895,777

Xesqdji Nooeè}nqdlj

Qlqn` Xnùe ! ! !

#>$ Onòu`nqea mnsea lj qce nssubea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof lh ! we} scn}e, qce bdawldjq lh qce w}doe }njie lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus*

#=$ Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, 54=,145 scn}es sumkeoq ql B}* U``tlq—s djdqdn` lwqdlj nja qce se}xdoe"mnsea xesqdji oljadqdlj lj 8>4,1=5 scn}es ujae}`tdji B}* U``tlq—s djdqdn` ]_Us yluà me nooeè}nqea dh ce yns djxlùjqn}d`t qe}bdjnqea, lqce} qcnj ns

n }esu`q lh cds aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt, ycdoc ds 57% lh qce }ebndjdji ujxesqea scn}es ujae}`tdji B}* U``tlq—s djdqdn` lwqdlj nja ]_Us* Dj naadqdlj, B}* U``tlq yluà me ejqdqèa ql sexe}njoe e~un` ql cds mnse sn`n}t lh !=95,777 nja cds }eqejqdlj mljus

lh !177,777*

#?$ Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, >,>31,447 scn}es sumkeoq ql B}* U``tlq—s djdqdn` lwqdlj nja >,=?3,357 scn}es ujae}`tdji B}* U``tlq—s djdqdn` ]_Us yluà me nooeè}nqea dh ce yns djxlùjqn}d`t qe}bdjnqea, lqce} qcnj ns n }esu`q lh cds aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt,

ydqcdj lje bljqc w}dl} ql l} ydqcdj sd bljqcs hl``lydji n ocnjie dj oljq}l`, l} dh cds djdqdn` lwqdlj nja ]_Us ye}e jlq nssubea l} sumsqdquqea hl} nj e~udxnèjq nyn}a, suoc qcnq >77% lh qce scn}es ujae}`tdji B}* U``tlq—s djdqdn` lwqdlj nja

]_Us yluà me xesqea*

>>9

#?$ #1$

#>$#=$

#=$ #?$

#>$


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ebw`ltee Mejehdq W`njs

=775 _qlof W`nj

Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nalwqea lu} =775 _qlof W`nj lj Knjun}t 9, =775, ycdoc lu} sqlofclàe}s nww}lxea lj Knjun}t >1, =775* Lu} =775 _qlof W`nj w}lxdaes hl} qce i}njq lh djoejqdxe

sqlof lwqdljs, ydqcdj qce benjdji lh _eoqdlj 1== lh qce Olae, ql lu} ebw`ltees l} njt wn}ejq l} sumsdadn}t—s ebw`ltees, nja hl} qce i}njq lh jljsqnquql}t sqlof lwqdljs ql lu} ebw`ltees,

ad}eoql}s, nja oljsu`qnjqs nja njt wn}ejq, sumsdadn}t, l} nhhd`dnqe ol}wl}nqdljs— ebw`ltees nja oljsu`qnjqs* _qlof wu}ocnse }dicqs nja }esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs bnt n`sl me i}njqea ujae} qce =775

_qlof W`nj* Ye yd`` oense dssudji nyn}as ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj uwlj qce dbwèbejqnqdlj lh qce =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj, ycdoc ds aeso}dmea me`ly* @dfeydse, ye yd`` jlq i}njq njt

naadqdljn` nyn}as ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Djsqena, ye yd`` i}njq e~udqt nyn}as ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj*

_cn}e ]ese}xe* Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cna }ese}xea 49>,?>1,435 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof hl} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj* Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, lwqdljs

ql wu}ocnse 1=9,>?=,948 lh qcese scn}es cna meej ee}odsea, lwqdljs ql wu}ocnse >?3,5?4,1?1 lh qcese scn}es }ebndjea luqsqnjadji nja 5=,>35,777 lh qcese scn}es }ebndjea nxnd`nmè hl} huqu}e

i}njq* Qce lwqdljs luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> cna n yedicqea nxe}nie ee}odse w}doe lh !7*3? we} scn}e* Dj naadqdlj, ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cna ?93,99=,>31 ]_Us luqsqnjadji

ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj* Clyexe}, njt luqsqnjadji nyn}as i}njqea ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj yd`` }ebndj luqsqnjadji, sumkeoq ql qce qe}bs lh lu} =775 _qlof W`nj nja nww`donmè nyn}a

ni}eebejqs, ujqd` qcet n}e ee}odsea l} seqqèa l} ujqd` qcet qe}bdjnqe l} ewd}e mt qced} qe}bs* _cn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof nxnd`nmè hl} dssunjoe wu}sunjq ql qce =775 _qlof W`nj yd`` me

}l`èa djql lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj lj qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus ns hu}qce} aeso}dmea me`ly*

Nabdjdsq}nqdlj* Lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee ou}}ejq`t nabdjdsqe}s lu} =775 _qlof W`nj* Lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee cns olbwèqe adso}eqdlj ql bnfe n`` aeodsdljs dbwèbejqdji qce

=775 _qlof W`nj, djoùadji qce wlye} ql #>$ aeqe}bdje ycl yd`` }eoedxe qce nyn}as, #=$ aeqe}bdje qce hnd} bn}feq xnùe lh qce O`nss M olbblj sqlof, #?$ djqe}w}eq qce qe}bs lh qce =775 _qlof

W`nj nja qce nyn}as qce}eujae}, nja #1$ sweodht qce qe}bs nja oljadqdljs lh suoc nyn}as, suoc ns qce ee}odse w}doe, qce jubme} lh scn}es sumkeoq ql enoc nyn}a, qce xesqdji soceauè nja

ee}odsnmd`dqt lh nyn}as nja qce hl}b lh oljsdae}nqdlj wntnmè uwlj ee}odse*

_qlof Lwqdljs* Qce ee}odse w}doe lh djoejqdxe sqlof lwqdljs busq me nq ènsq e~un` ql qce hnd} bn}feq xnùe lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof lj qce anqe lh i}njq nja qce qe}b lh qce djoejqdxe

sqlof lwqdljs bnt jlq eoeea qej ten}s* Ydqc }esweoq ql djoejqdxe sqlof lwqdljs i}njqea ql njt ebw`ltee ycl lyjs >7% l} bl}e lh qce xlqdji wlye} lh n`` o`nsses lh lu} luqsqnjadji sqlof ns lh

qce i}njq anqe, qce qe}b busq jlq eoeea hdxe ten}s nja qce ee}odse w}doe busq e~un` nq ènsq >>7% lh qce hnd} bn}feq xnùe lj qce i}njq anqe*

Ycej nj ebw`ltee oenses ql w}lxdae oljqdjulus se}xdoes ql us #l} njt wn}ejq, sumsdadn}t, l} nhhd`dnqe$, ce l} sce bnt ee}odse cds l} ce} djoejqdxe sqlof lwqdlj hl} qce we}dla lh qdbe sqnqea

dj qce djoejqdxe sqlof lwqdlj ni}eebejq, ql qce eqejq c ds l} ce} djoejqdxe sqlof lwqdlj ds xesqea lj qce anqe lh qe}bdjnqdlj* _umkeoq ql qce }e~ud}ebejqs lh n`` nww`donmè `nys, }uès l} }eiu`nqdljs,

enoc jljsqnquql}t sqlof lwqdlj ni}eebejq scn`` oljqndj w}lxdsdljs }e`nqdji ql en}`t qe}bdjnqdlj lh qce jljsqnquql}t sqlof lwqdlj mnsea uwlj qe}bdjnqdlj lh qce clàe}—s se}xdoe ql us ns aeqe}bdjea

mt lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee* Dj qce exejq lh n qe}bdjnqdlj lh n se}xdoe w}lxdae} hl} onuse, n`` lwqdljs ceà mt suoc se}xdoe w}lxdae} yd`` dbbeadnqe`t qe}bdjnqe* Dj naadqdlj, njt xesqea scn}esqcnq ye}e no~ud}ea uwlj qce ee}odse lh n sqlof lwqdlj bnt me }ewu}ocnsea mt us* N sqlof lwqdlj bnt jexe} me ee}odsea `nqe} qcnj qce ewd}nqdlj lh dqs qe}b*

_qlof Wu}ocnse ]dicqs* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee bnt lhhe} }dicqs ql wu}ocnse scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj nja, ql qce eqejq we}bdqqea mt

nww`donmè `ny, scn`` aeqe}bdje qce wu}ocnse w}doe lh qce scn}es sumkeoq ql enoc sqlof wu}ocnse }dicq* Qce lhhe} ql wu}ocnse scn}es ujae}`tdji qcds sqlof wu}ocnse }dicq scn`` me nooewqea mt qce

lhhe}ee—s eeouqdlj lh n }esq}doqea sqlof wu}ocnse ni}eebejq, dj qce hl}b w}eso}dmea mt qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee* Qcds }esq}doqea sqlof wu}ocnse ni}eebejq bnt sumkeoq qce

>>3


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

no~ud}ea scn}es ql n }ewu}ocnse lwqdlj, ycdoc ye oluà ee}odse uwlj qce xlùjqn}t l} djxlùjqn}t qe}bdjnqdlj lh qce wu}ocnse}—s se}xdoes hl} njt }enslj* Dj naadqdlj, dj qce exejq lh n qe}bdjnqdlj

lh n se}xdoe w}lxdae} hl} onuse, xesqea sqlof wu}ocnsea ql n sqlof wu}ocnse }dicq bnt n`sl me }ewu}ocnsea mt us*

]esq}doqea _qlof Ujdqs * Lu} =775 _qlof W`nj n`sl we}bdqs qce dssunjoe lh ]_Us, ql lu} se}xdoe w}lxdae}s* ]_Us i}njqea ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj }ew}esejq qce }dicq ql }eoedxe scn}es lh

lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof l} onsc wntbejq nq n sweodhdea huqu}e anqe nja bnt me sumkeoq ql xesqdji }e~ud}ebejqs*

Q}njshe}nmd`dqt* Djoejqdxe sqlof lwqdljs bnt jlq me q}njshe}}ea, eoewq mt yd`` l} mt qce `nys lh aesoejq l} adsq}dmuqdlj* Clyexe}, qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee bnt, dj dqs slè adso}eqdlj,

i}njq jljsqnquql}t sqlof lwqdljs l} ]_Us qcnq bnt me q}njshe}}ea dj qce exejq lh aenqc l} adsnmd`dqt, l} ql dbbeadnqe hnbd`t bebme}s*

Ehheoq lh Oe}qndj Ol}wl}nqe Q}njsnoqdljs * Dj qce exejq ye ewe}dejoe n snè lh n`` l} sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh lu} nsseqs, n be}ie} l} oe}qndj lqce} ol}wl}nqe q}njsnoqdljs djoùadji n ocnjie dj

oljq}l`, n`` nyn}as i}njqea ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj scn`` me sumkeoq ql qce ni}eebejq exdaejodji suoc be}ie} l} oljsl`danqdlj nja suoc ni}eebejq scn`` w}lxdae hl} lje l} bl}e lh qcehl``lydji;

• qce oljqdjunqdlj l} nssubwqdlj lh suoc luqsqnjadji nyn}as mt qce su}xdxdji ol}wl}nqdlj l} dqs wn}ejq6

• qce sumsqdquqdlj mt qce su}xdxdji ol}wl}nqdlj l} dqs wn}ejq lh e~udxnèjq nyn}as hl} suoc luqsqnjadji nyn}as6 l}

• qe}bdjnqdlj lh qce luqsqnjadji nyn}as uwlj oljsubbnqdlj lh qce ol}wl}nqe q}njsnoqdlj*

Qce =775 _qlof W`nj w}lxdaes hl} w}lwl}qdljn` nakusqbejq lh nyn}as dj qce exejq lh n sqlof sw`dq, sqlof adx daeja nja oe}qndj lqce} sdbd`n} ol}wl}nqe exejqs*

Wntbejq* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee bnt we}bdq njt lh qce hl``lydji beqclas lh wntbejqs hl} qce ee}odse lh lwqdljs;

• onsc l} onsc e~udxnèjqs6

• n w}lbdssl}t jlqe cnxdji suoc }eolu}se, djqe}esq, }eaebwqdlj nja seou}dqt w}lxdsdljs ns aeqe}bdjea mt qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee6

• scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof qcnq qce lwqdljee n`}enat lyjs6

• onjoe``nqdlj lh djaemqeajess6 l}

•

nj dbbeadnqe snè lh qce lwqdlj scn}es qc}luic n m}lfe} aesdijnqea mt us dj n onscèss ee}odse, w}lxdaea qcnq suoc n w}li}nb ds nalwqea mt lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee*

Naadqdljn` W}lxdsdljs * Lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee cns qce nuqcl}dqt ql nbeja, susweja l} qe}bdjnqe qce =775 _qlof W`nj, w}lxdaea qcnq jl nbejabejq bnt bnqe}dn``t l} naxe}se`t

nhheoq nyn}as n`}enat i}njqea ydqcluq qce y}dqqej oljsejq lh qce clàe} lh qce nhheoqea nyn}a* Lu} sqlofclàe}s nww}lxe noqdljs qcnq }e~ud}e sqlofclàe} nww}lxn` ujae} nww`donmè `ny nja

nww}lxe njt djo}ense dj qce jubme} lh scn}es }ese}xea hl} dssunjoe ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj*

=775 Lhhdoe}s— _qlof W`nj

Lj Jlxebme} 3, =775, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nalwqea qce =775 Lhhdoe}s— _qlof W`nj #Lhhdoe}s— W`nj$* Qce Lhhdoe}s— W`nj we}bdqs qce dssunjoe lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof l}

lwqdljs ql wu}ocnse suoc scn}es ql oe}qndj lh lu} ebw`ltees nja lhhdoe}s* Qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof qcnq bnt me slà ujae} qce Lhhdoe}s— W`nj ds >=7,777,777* N``

scn}es ujae} qcds w`nj n}e sumkeoq ql nj luqsqnjadji nyn}a ceà mt lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL* Ye yd`` jlq i}njq njt naadqdljn` nyn}as ujae} qce Lhhdoe}s— W`nj hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do

lhhe}dji*

>>4


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, l} n olbbdqqee aesdijnqea mt qce mln}a, aeqe}bdjes ycl yd`` }eoedxe i}njqs ujae} qcds Lhhdoe}s— W`nj nja qce qe}bs nja oljadqdljs lh suoc i}njqs* Qce }dicqs l}

lwqdljs ql wu}ocnse scn}es ujae} qce Lhhdoe}s— W`nj scn`` me jljq}njshe}nmè, lqce} qcnj mt yd`` l} mt qce `nys lh aesoejq l} adsq}dmuqdlj* Wu}sunjq ql qce qe}bs lh qce Lhhdoe}s— W`nj, nja dh }e~ud}ea

mt nww`donmè `ny, ye busq w}lxdae njjun` hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs ql enoc i}njqee, ujèss suoc i}njqee cns nooess ql e~udxnèjq djhl}bnqdlj qc}luic lqce} benjs* _cn}es dssuea wu}sunjq ql qcds

Lhhdoe}s— W`nj n}e sumkeoq ql lu} }dicq lh }ewu}ocnse*

=7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj

Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nalwqea lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj, sumkeoq ql sqlofclàe} nww}lxn`, ycdoc w`nj yd`` meolbe ehheoqdxe lj qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus nja yd`` se}xe ns qce

suooessl} ql lu} =775 _qlof W`nj*

_cn}e ]ese}xe* Ye cnxe }ese}xea =5,777,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof hl} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj wùs nj naadqdljn` jubme} lh scn}es lh O`nss N

olbblj sqlof e~un` ql njt scn}es }ese}xea muq jlq dssuea l} sumkeoq ql luqsqnjadji nyn}as ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj lj qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, wùs, lj nja nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus,

#d$ scn}es qcnq n}e sumkeoq ql luqsqnjadji nyn}as ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj ycdoc oense ql me sumkeoq ql suoc nyn}as, #dd$ scn}es dssuea ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj ycdoc n}e hl}hedqea l}

}ewu}ocnsea nq qced} l}didjn` dssue w}doe, nja #ddd$ scn}es sumkeoq ql nyn}as ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj qcnq n}e usea ql wnt qce ee}odse w}doe lh nj lwqdlj l} ydqcceà ql snqdsht qce qn ydqcclàdji

lm`dinqdljs }e`nqea ql njt nyn}a* Qce jubme} lh scn}es }ese}xea hl} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj yd`` djo}ense nuqlbnqdon``t lj qce hd}sq ant lh Knjun}t lh enoc lh =7>? qc}luic

=7== mt n jubme} lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof e~un` ql #d$ qce èsse} lh =*5% lh qce qlqn` luqsqnjadji scn}es lu} olbblj sqlof ns lh qce dbbeadnqe`t w}eoeadji Aeoebme} ?>sq l} #dd$ n

jubme} lh scn}es aeqe}bdjea mt qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* Dj naadqdlj, qce hl``lydji scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof yd`` nindj me nxnd`nmè hl} i}njq l} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt

Djoejqdxe W`nj;

• scn}es sumkeoq ql lwqdljs i}njqea ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj qcnq oense ql me sumkeoq ql qce lwqdlj hl} njt }enslj lqce} qcnj ee}odse lh qce lwqdlj6

• scn}es sumkeoq ql nyn}as i}njqea ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj qcnq n}e sumse~uejq`t hl}hedqea l} }ewu}ocnsea mt us nq qce l}didjn` dssue w}doe6

• scn}es sumkeoq ql nyn}as i}njqea ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj qcnq lqce}ydse qe}bdjnqe ydqcluq scn}es medji dssuea6 nja

• scn}es su}}ejae}ea, onjoe`èa, l} eocnjiea hl} onsc*

Qe}b* Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj yd`` qe}bdjnqe qej ten}s h}lb qce anqe lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nww}lxes qce w`nj, ujèss dq ds qe}bdjnqea en}`de} mt lu} mln}a lh

ad}eoql}s*

E`didmd`dqt* Ye njqdodwnqe qcnq lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj yd`` nuqcl}d{e qce nyn}a lh sqlof lwqdljs, }esq}doqea sqlof nyn}as, sqlof nww}eodnqdlj }dicqs, }esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs,we}hl}bnjoe scn}es nja sqlof mljuses* Jl we}slj yd`` me e`didmè ql }eoedxe bl}e qcnj =,577,777 scn}es dj njt onèjan} ten} ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj lqce} qcnj n jey ebw`ltee lh

lu}s, ycl yd`` me e`didmè ql }eoedxe jl bl}e qcnj 5,777,777 scn}es ujae} qce w`nj dj qce onèjan} ten} dj ycdoc qce ebw`ltee olbbejoes ebw`ltbejq*

Nabdjdsq}nqdlj* Lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj yd`` me nabdjdsqe}ea mt lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee, n`` lh qce bebme}s lh ycdoc n}e jlj"ebw`ltee ad}eoql}s ujae} nww`donmè heae}n`

seou}dqdes `nys nja luqsdae ad}eoql}s ns aehdjea ujae} nww`donmè heae}n` qn `nys* Qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee yd`` cnxe qce nuqcl}dqt ql oljsq}ue nja djqe}w}eq lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj,

i}njq nyn}as nja bnfe n`` lqce} aeqe}bdjnqdljs jeoessn}t l} naxdsnmè hl} qce nabdjdsq}nqdlj lh qce w`nj* Nyn}as ujae} qce =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj bnt me bnae sumkeoq ql ‐we}hl}bnjoe

hnoql}s‒ nja lqce} qe}bs dj l}ae} ql ~un`dht ns we}hl}bnjoe mnsea olbwejsnqdlj hl} qce wu}wlses lh >8=#b$ lh qce Olae*

>=7


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

_qlof Lwqdljs* Lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj yd`` w}lxdae hl} qce i}njq lh djoejqdxe sqlof lwqdljs qcnq ~un`dht ujae} _eoqdlj 1== lh qce Olae lj`t ql lu} ebw`ltees* N`` nyn}as lqce}

qcnj djoejqdxe sqlof lwqdljs bnt me i}njqea ql lu} ebw`ltees, ad}eoql}s, oljsu`qnjqs, djaewejaejq oljq}noql}s nja naxdsl}s, w}lxdaea qce oljsu`qnjqs, djaewejaejq oljq}noql}s nja naxdsl}s }ejae}

se}xdoes jlq dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce lhhe} nja snè lh seou}dqdes dj n onwdqn`"}ndsdji q}njsnoqdlj* Qce ee}odse w}doe lh enoc sqlof lwqdlj busq me nq ènsq e~un` ql qce hnd} bn}feq xnùe lh lu} O`nss N

olbblj sqlof lj qce anqe lh i }njq* Qce ee}odse w}doe lh djoejqdxe sqlof lwqdljs i}njqea ql >7% sqlofclàe}s busq me nq ènsq e~un` ql >>7% lh qcnq xnùe*

Lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee bnt w}lxdae hl} lwqdljs ql me ee}odsea lj`t ns qcet xesq l} ql me dbbeadnqe`t ee}odsnmè ydqc njt scn}es dssuea lj ee}odse medji sumkeoq ql lu} }dicq lh

}ewu}ocnse qcnq `nwses ns qce scn}es xesq* Dj ieje}n`, lwqdljs yd`` xesq lxe} n hlu}"ten} we}dla* Qce bndbub qe}b lh lwqdljs i}njqea ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj ds qej ten}s*

]esq}doqea _qlof* N }esq}doqea sqlof nyn}a ds nj lhhe} mt us ql se`` scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof sumkeoq ql }esq}doqdljs* Qce w}doe #dh njt$ lh n }esq}doqea sqlof nyn}a yd`` me

aeqe}bdjea mt qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee* Ujèss lqce}ydse aeqe}bdjea mt qce olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee nq qce qdbe lh nyn}a, xesqdji yd`` oense lj qce anqe qce wn}qdodwnjq jl `ljie} w}lxdaes

se}xdoes ql us nja ujxesqea scn}es yd`` me hl}hedqea ql l} }ewu}ocnsea mt us*

_qlof Nww}eodnqdlj ]dicqs* _qlof nww}eodnqdlj }dicqs w}lxdae hl} n wntbejq, l} wntbejqs, dj onsc l} scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof, ql qce clàe} mnsea uwlj qce adhhe}ejoe meqyeej

qce hnd} bn}feq xnùe lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof lj qce anqe lh ee}odse nja qce sqnqea ee}odse w}doe uw ql n bndbub nblujq lh onsc l} jubme} lh scn}es* _qlof nww}eodnqdlj }dicqs bnt xesq

mnsea lj qdbe l} nocdexebejq lh we}hl}bnjoe oljadqdljs*

]esq}doqea _qlof Ujdqs* Nj ]_U ds nj nyn}a qcnq olxe}s n jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof qcnq bnt me seqqèa uwlj xesqdji dj onsc, mt qce dssunjoe lh qce ujae}`tdji

scn}es l} n olbmdjnqdlj lh mlqc* Qcese nyn}as n}e sumkeoq ql hl}hedqu}e w}dl} ql seqqèbejq meonuse lh qe}bdjnqdlj lh ebw`ltbejq l} hndù}e ql nocdexe oe}qndj we}hl}bnjoe oljadqdljs*

We}hl}bnjoe _cn}es* N we}hl}bnjoe scn}e ds nj nyn}a qcnq olxe}s n jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof qcnq bnt me seqqèa uwlj nocdexebejq lh qce w}e"esqnm`dscea

we}hl}bnjoe oljadqdljs dj onsc l} mt dssunjoe lh qce ujae}`tdji scn}es* Qcese nyn}as n}e sumkeoq ql hl}hedqu}e w}dl} ql seqqèbejq meonuse lh qe}bdjnqdlj lh ebw`ltbejq l} hndù}e ql nocdexe qce

we}hl}bnjoe oljadqdljs*

_qlof Mljus Nyn}as* _qlof mljus nyn}as bnt me i}njqea ns naadqdljn` olbwejsnqdlj hl} se}xdoes l} we}hl}bnjoe, nja qce}ehl}e, bnt jlq me dssuea dj eocnjie hl} onsc*

Naadqdljn` W}lxdsdljs* Nyn}as i}njqea ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj bnt jlq me q}njshe}}ea dj njt bnjje} lqce} qcnj mt yd`` l} mt qce `nys lh aesoejq nja adsq}dmuqdlj, l} ns

aeqe}bdjea mt lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee* Ujèss lqce}ydse }esq}doqea mt lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee, nyn}as qcnq n}e jljsqnquql}t sqlof lwqdljs bnt me ee}odsea au}dji qce `dheqdbe lh qce

lwqdljee lj`t mt qce lwqdljee, qce lwqdljee—s iun}adnj l} èin` }ew}esejqnqdxe, l} n hnbd`t bebme} lh qce lwqdljee ycl cns no~ud}ea qce lwqdlj mt n we}bdqqea q}njshe}* Nyn}as qcnq n}e djoejqdxe

sqlof lwqdljs bnt me ee}odsea au}dji qce `dheqdbe lh qce lwqdljee lj`t mt qce lwqdljee l} qce lwqdljee—s iun}adnj l} èin` }ew}esejqnqdxe* Lwqdljs i}njqea ujae} lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj

ieje}n``t bnt me ee}odsea hl} n we}dla lh qc}ee bljqcs nhqe} qce qe}bdjnqdlj lh qce lwqdljee—s se}xdoe ql us, eoewq dj qce onse lh aenqc l} we}bnjejq adsnmd`dqt, dj ycdoc onse qce lwqdljs bnt meee}odsea hl} uw ql >= bljqcs l} sd bljqcs, }esweoqdxe`t, hl``lydji qe}bdjnqdlj lh qce lwqdljee—s se}xdoe ql us*

Dh ye ewe}dejoe n ocnjie dj oljq}l` q }njsnoqdlj, luqsqnjadji nyn}as, djoùadji njt xesqdji w}lxdsdljs, bnt me nssubea l} sumsqdquqea mt qce suooessl} olbwnjt* Luqsqnjadji nyn}as qcnq

n}e jlq nssubea l} sumsqdquqea yd`` me ee}odsnmè hl} n we}dla lh qdbe nja yd`` ewd}e uwlj qce o`lsdji lh n ocnjie dj oljq}l` q}njsnoqdlj* Dj qce adso}eqdlj lh lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee, qce

xesqdji lh qcese nyn}as bnt me nooeè}nqea uwlj qce loou}}ejoe lh qcese qtwes lh q}njsnoqdljs*

>=>


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

@dbdqnqdljs lj @dnmd`dqt nja Djaebjdhdonqdlj Bnqqe}s

Lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj qcnq yd`` me dj ehheoq nq qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji oljqndjs w}lxdsdljs qcnq `dbdq qce `dnmd`dqt lh lu} ad}eoql}s hl} bljeqn}t anbnies ql

qce hu`èsq eqejq we}bdqqea mt qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny* Oljse~uejq`t, lu} ad}eoql}s yd`` jlq me we}sljn``t `dnmè ql us l} lu} sqlofclàe}s hl} bljeqn}t anbnies hl} njt m}enoc lh

hdauodn}t auqdes ns ad}eoql}s, eoewq `dnmd`dqt hl};

• njt m}enoc lh qce ad}eoql}—s auqt lh `ltn`qt ql us l} lu} sqlofclàe}s6

• njt noq l} lbdssdlj jlq dj illa hndqc l} qcnq djxl`xes djqejqdljn` bdsoljauoq l} n fjlydji xdl`nqdlj lh `ny6

• uj`nyhu` wntbejqs lh adxdaejas l} uj`nyhu` sqlof }ewu}ocnses l} }eaebwqdljs ns w}lxdaea dj _eoqdlj >91 lh qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny6 l}

• njt q}njsnoqdlj h}lb ycdoc qce ad}eoql} ae}dxea nj dbw}lwe} we}sljn` mejehdq*

Lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja }esqnqea mt`nys qcnq yd`` me dj ehheoq nq qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji }e~ud}e us ql djaebjdht lu} ad}eoql}s, eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nja

lqce} fet ebw`ltees ql qce bndbub eqejq jlq w}lcdmdqea mt qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny l} njt lqce} nww`donmè `ny nja n``ly us ql djaebjdht lqce} lhhdoe}s, ebw`ltees nja lqce}

niejqs ns seq hl}qc dj qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny l} njt lqce} nww`donmè ny*

Ye cnxe ejqe}ea, nja djqeja ql oljqdjue ql ejqe}, djql sewn}nqe djaebjdhdonqdlj ni}eebejqs ydqc lu} ad}eoql}s, eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nja lqce} fet ebw ltees, dj naadqdlj ql qce

djaebjdhdonqdlj w}lxdaea hl} dj lu} }esqnqea mt`nys* Qcese ni}eebejqs, nblji lqce} qcdjis, }e~ud}e us ql djaebjdht lu} ad}eoql}s, eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nja lqce} fet ebw`ltees hl} oe}qndj

ewejses, djoùadji nqql}jets— hees, kuaibejqs, wejn`qdes hdjes nja seqqèbejq nblujqs noqun``t nja }ensljnm`t djou}}ea mt n ad}eoql} l} eeouqdxe lhhdoe} dj njt noqdlj l} w}loeeadji n}dsdji luq

lh qced} se}xdoes ns lje lh lu} ad}eoql}s l} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, l} njt lh lu} sumsdadn}des l} njt lqce} olbwnjt l} ejqe}w}dse ql ycdoc qce we}slj w}lxdaes se}xdoes nq lu} }e~uesq, djoùadji `dnmd`dqt

n}dsdji luq lh jei`diejoe l} noqdxe l} wnssdxe y}ljialdji mt qce lhhdoe} l} ad}eoql}* Ye me`dexe qcnq qcese ocn}qe} w}lxdsdljs nja djaebjdhdonqdlj ni}eebejqs n}e jeoessn}t ql nqq}noq nja }eqndj

~un`dhdea we}sljs suoc ns ad}eoql}s, lhhdoe}s nja fet ebw`ltees* Ye n`sl bndjqndj ad}eoql}s— nja lhhdoe}s— dnmd`dqt djsu}njoe*

Qce `dbdqnqdlj lh `dnmd`dqt nja djaebjdhdonqdlj w}lxdsdljs dj lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja }esqnqea mt`nys bnt adsolu}nie sqlofclàe}s h}lb m}djidji n `nysudq nindjsq lu}

ad}eoql}s nja lhhdoe}s hl} m}enoc lh qced} hdauodn}t au qt* Qcet bnt n`sl }eauoe qce `dfe`dclla lh ae}dxnqdxe `dqdinqdlj nindjsq lu} ad}eoql}s nja lhhdoe}s, exej qcluic nj noqdlj, dh suooesshu`, bdicq

mejehdq us nja lqce} sqlofclàe}s* Hu}qce}, n sqlofclàe}—s djxesqbejq bnt me naxe}se`t nhheoqea ql qce eqejq qcnq ye wnt qce olsqs lh seqqèbejq nja anbnie nyn}as nindjsq ad}eoql}s nja lhhdoe}s

ns }e~ud}ea mt qcese djaebjdhdonqdlj w}lxdsdljs*

Nq w}esejq, qce}e ds jl wejadji `dqdinqdlj l} w}loeeadji djxl`xdji njt lh lu} ad}eoql}s l} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ns ql ycdoc djaebjdhdonqdlj ds }e~ud}ea l} we}bdqqea, nja ye n}e jlq nyn}e lh njt qc}enqejea `dqdinqdlj l} w}loeeadji qcnq bnt }esu`q dj n o`ndb hl} djaebjdhdonqdlj*

Djslhn} ns djaebjdhdonqdlj hl} `dnmd`dqdes n}dsdji ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq lh >4??, ns nbejaea #_eou}dqdes Noq$, bnt me we}bdqqea ql ad}eoql}s, eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s l} we}sljs oljq}l``dji us,

ye cnxe meej djhl}bea qcnq dj qce lwdjdlj lh qce _EO suoc djaebjdhdonqdlj ds nindjsq wum`do wl`dot ns ew}essea dj qce _eou}dqdes Noq nja ds qce}ehl}e ujejhl}oenmè*

>==


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

]E@NQEA WN]QT Q]NJ_NOQDLJ_

Dj naadqdlj ql qce eeouqdxe lhhdoe} nja ad}eoql} olbwejsnqdlj n}}njiebejqs adsoussea dj ‐Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj,‒ me`ly ye aeso}dme q}njsnoqdljs sdjoe Knjun}t >, =774, ql ycdoc ye

cnxe meej n wn}qdodwnjq, dj ycdoc qce nblujq djxl`xea dj qce q}njsnoqdlj eoeeas l} yd`` eoeea !>=7,777 nja dj ycdoc njt lh lu} ad}eoql}s, eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s l} clàe}s lh bl}e qcnj 5% lh lu}

onwdqn` sqlof, l} njt dbbeadnqe hnbd`t bebme} lh, l} we}slj scn}dji qce cluseclà ydqc, njt lh qcese djadxdaun`s, cna l} yd`` cnxe n ad}eoq l} djad}eoq bnqe}dn` djqe}esq*

Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Djxesql}s— ]dicqs Ni}eebejq

Ye cnxe ejqe}ea djql nj djxesql}s— }dicqs ni}eebejq ydqc oe}qndj clàe}s lh lu} oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof nja olbblj sqlof, djoùadji ejqdqdes ydqc ycdoc oe}qndj lh lu} ad}eoql}s n}e

nhhd`dnqea* Oe}qndj clàe}s lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e ejqdqèa ql }dicqs ydqc }esweoq ql qce }eidsq}nqdlj lh qced} scn}es hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do

lhhe}dji ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq* Hl} n aeso}dwqdlj lh qcese }eidsq}nqdlj }dicqs, see ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn` _qlof‑]eidsq}nqdlj ]dicqs*‒

_e}des E W}ehe}}ea _qlof Hdjnjodji

Dj Bnt =774, ye slà nj nii}einqe lh 11,7?9,517 scn}es #nhqe} idxdji ehheoq ql n 5"hl}"> sqlof sw`dq ehheoqea dj Loqlme} =7>7$ lh lu} _e}des E w}ehe}}ea sqlof ql Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea

#hfn Adidqn` _ft Qeocjl`lides @dbdqea$, nq n wu}ocnse w}doe we} scn}e lh !1*51 #nhqe} idxdji ehheoq ql n 5"hl}"> sqlof sw`dq ehheoqea dj Loqlme} =7>7$, hl} nj nii}einqe wu}ocnse w}doe lh

nww}ldbnqe`t !=77 bd``dlj* Hl``lydji qcds snè, nja qce wu}ocnse lh naadqdljn` scn}es h}lb lu} edsqdji sqlofclàe}s, Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea nja dqs nhhd`dnqes mejehdodn``t lyjea bl}e qcnj 5%

lh lu} luqsqnjadji onwdqn` sqlof* Ye cnxe jl ljildji lm`dinqdljs ujae} qce _e}des E w}ehe}}ea sqlof wu}ocnse ni}eebejq*

Oljxe}sdlj Ni}eebejq

Dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qced} wu}ocnse lh scn}es h}lb oe}qndj edsqdji sqlofclàe}s dj Hem}un}t =7>7, Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea nja A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea nja qced} }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes ejqe}ea

djql n oljxe}sdlj ni}eebejq ydqc us* Qce oljxe}sdlj ni}eebejq oljqndjs qce hl``lydji w}lxdsdljs;

@lof"uw

Wu}sunjq ql qcds ni}eebejq, Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea nja A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea nja qced} }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes cnxe ni}eea jlq ql se`` scn}es lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof, lqce} qcnj njt scn}es qcet

bnt se`` dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, hl} oe}qndj we}dlas lh qdbe hl``lydji qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus* Ns ql scn}es ceà mt qceb ns lh qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, qcds ni}eebejq yd`` ewd}e ns

hl``lys; #>$ ns ql 57% lh qce scn}es sd bljqcs nhqe} qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq, #=$ ns ql nj naadqdljn` =5% lh qce scn}es lje #>$ ten} nhqe} qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh qce }eidsq}nqdlj

sqnqebejq, nja #?$ ns ql nj naadqdljn` =5% lh qce scn}es >3 bljqcs nhqe} qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq, suoc qcnq n`` lh qce scn}es ceà mt Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea nja A_Q I`lmn`

@dbdqea nja qced} }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes yd`` me h}ee`t q}nanmè >3 bljqcs nhqe} qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq*

Nuqlbnqdo Oljxe}sdlj lh _cn}es uwlj qce Loou}}ejoe lh Oe}qndj Exejqs

Dj naadqdlj, Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea nja A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea cnxe ni}eea, wu}sunjq ql qce oljxe}sdlj ni}eebejq, qcnq dh edqce} lh qced} }esweoqdxe xlqdji ni}eebejqs ydqc B}* [uofe}me}i ds

qe}bdjnqea meonuse lh cds aenqc l} cds hndù}e ql me noqdxe`t ejiniea dj lu} bnjniebejq, qcnq qcet nja qced} }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes scn`` nuqlbnqdon``t oljxe}q qced} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql

O`nss N olbblj sqlof wu}sunjq ql qce lwqdljn` oljxe}sdlj w}lxdsdlj lh lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj* Hl} djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji B}* [uofe}me}i—s xlqdji ni}eebejqs, see ‐Aeso}dwqdlj

lh Onwdqn` _qlof‑Xlqdji Ni}eebejqs*‒

>=?


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea, ycdoc yns nhhd`dnqea ydqc A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea lj qce anqe qce wn}qdes ejqe}ea djql qce oljxe}sdlj ni}eebejq, ujae}yejq n ol}wl}nqe }esq}uoqu}dji dj Jlxebme}

=7>7 dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc dqs djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji lj qce @ljalj _qlof Eocnjie* Hl``lydji qce ol}wl}nqe }esq}uoqu}dji, Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea yns jl `ljie} nhhd`dnqea ydqc A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea

nja dqs nhhd`dnqes A_Q I`lmn` DD, @*W*, A_Q I`lmn` DDD, @*W*, A_Q U_N @dbdqea, nja A_Q U_N DD @dbdqea* Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea jl `ljie} mejehdodn``t lyjs bl}e qcnj 5% lh lu} luqsqnjadji

onwdqn` sqlof* Hl} naadqdljn` djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji mejehdodn` lyje}scdw lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, see ‐W}djodwn` nja _e``dji _qlofclàe}s*‒

O`nss M Olbblj _qlof ]esq}doqdlj Ni}eebejq

Dj =771 nja =775, B}* [uofe}me}i—s hnqce} w}lxdaea us ydqc djdqdn` yl}fdji onwdqn`* Dj oljsdae}nqdlj hl} qcds nssdsqnjoe, ye dssuea cdb nj lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse =,777,777 scn}es, ns nakusqea

hl} sw`dqs nja }eo`nssdhdonqdljs, lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof* Qce lwqdlj djdqdn``t ewd}ea mt dqs qe}bs lje ten} hl``lydji qce anqe lh i}njq ydqcluq cnxdji meej ee}odsea* Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s

#ydqcluq B}* [uofe}me}i$ aeqe}bdjea qcnq qce lwqdlj ada jlq }ehèoq qce djqejq lh qce wn}qdes ydqc }esweoq ql qce e~udqt ql me dssuea ql cdb dj oljsdae}nqdlj lh qce hdjnjodn` nssdsqnjoe nja n }eènse

h}lb wlqejqdn` }e`nqea o`ndbs* Nool}adji`t, dj Aeoebme} =774, ye dssuea nj nii}einqe lh =,777,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql I`nqe @@O, nj ejqdqt lyjea mt B}* [uofe}me}i—shnqce}* Ye cnxe jl ljildji lm`dinqdljs ujae} qcds ni}eebejq*

]dicq lh Hd}sq ]ehusn`

Wu}sunjq ql lu} mt`nys nja oe}qndj ni}eebejqs ydqc lu} sqlofclàe}s, ye l} lu} nssdijees cnxe qce }dicq ql wu}ocnse scn}es lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof, djoùadji scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof

dssuea ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj, ycdoc qcese sqlofclàe}s w}lwlse ql se`` ql lqce} wn}qdes* Dj =774 nja =7>7, dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc w}lwlsea snès mt oe}qndj sqlofclàe}s, ye nssdijea lu} }dicq ql

wu}ocnse =3,17?,315 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql oe}qndj ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea nja A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea* Hl} naadqdljn` djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji mejehdodn`

lyje}scdw lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, see ‐W}djodwn` nja _e``dji _qlofclàe}s*‒

O`nss N Olbblj _qlof Hdjnjodji

Dj Aeoebme} =7>7, ye slà nj nii}einqe lh =,?43,73> scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ql A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea nq n wu}ocnse w}doe we} scn}e lh !=7*35, hl} nj nii}einqe wu}ocnse

w}doe lh nww}ldbnqe`t !57 bd``dlj*

E~udqt Nyn}as, Ebw`ltbejq Ni}eebejqs nja Lhhe} @eqqe}s

Ye cnxe i}njqea sqlof lwqdljs l} ]_Us ql lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nja lu} ad}eoql}s* Hl} n aeso}dwqdlj lh qcese e~udqt nyn}as, see ‐Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj‑=7>> Luqsqnjadji E~udqt

Nyn}as nq Ten}"Eja Qnmè‒ nja ‐Bnjniebejq‑Ad}eoql} Olbwejsnqdlj*‒

Ye cnxe ejqe}ea djql ebw`ltbejq ni}eebejqs l} lhhe} èqqe}s ydqc enoc lh lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s* Hl} bl}e djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji qcese ni}eebejqs, see ‐Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj

‑Ebw`ltbejq Ni}eebejqs nja Lhhe} @eqqe}s*‒

Ebw`ltbejq N}}njiebejqs Ydqc Dbbeadnqe Hnbd`t Bebme}s lh Lu} Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe}s nja Ad}eoql}s

Bl``t I}ncnb, qce anuicqe} lh Aljnà E* I}ncnb, n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, ds ebw`ltea mt us* Au}dji =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, Bs* I}ncnb cna qlqn` onsc olbwejsnqdlj,

djoùadji mnse sn`n}t, mljus nja lqce} olbwejsnqdlj, lh !43,753, !>??,8=7, nja !>34,>83*

]njad [uofe}me}i, qce sdsqe} lh Bn}f [uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, yns ebw`ltea mt us ujqd` Nuiusq =7>>* Au}dji =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, Bs* [uofe}me}i cna qlqn` onsc

olbwejsnqdlj, djoùadji mnse sn`n}t, mljus nja lqce} olbwejsnqdlj, lh !>=3,957, !>?4,593, nja !34,5?8*

>=1


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Qce olbwejsnqdlj èxe`s lh Bbes* I}ncnb nja [uofe}me}i ye}e mnsea lj }ehe}ejoe ql eqe}jn` bn}feq w}noqdoe lh sdbd`n} wlsdqdljs l} djqe}jn` wnt e~udqt ycej olbwn}ea ql qce

olbwejsnqdlj wnda ql ebw`ltees dj sdbd`n} wlsdqdljs qcnq ye}e jlq }e`nqea ql lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nja ad}eoql}s* Qcet ye}e n`sl e`didmè hl} e~udqt nyn}as lj qce snbe ieje}n` qe}bs nja

oljadqdljs ns nww`donmè ql lqce} ebw`ltees dj sdbd`n} wlsdqdljs ycl ye}e jlq }e`nqea ql lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nja ad}eoql}s*

Djaebjdhdonqdlj Ni}eebejqs

Ye cnxe ejqe}ea djql djaebjdhdonqdlj ni}eebejqs ydqc enoc lh lu} ad}eoql}s, eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nja lqce} fet ebw`ltees* Qce djaebjdhdonqdlj ni}eebejqs nja lu} nbejaea nja }esqnqea

mt`nys yd`` }e~ud}e us ql djaebjdht lu} ad}eoql}s ql qce hu`èsq eqejq we}bdqqea mt Ae`nyn}e `ny* Hl} bl}e djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji qcese ni}eebejqs, see ‐Eeouqdxe Olbwejsnqdlj‑@dbdqnqdljs

lj @dnmd`dqt nja Djaebjdhdonqdlj Bnqqe}s*‒

Olbbe}odn` Ni}eebejqs

Au}dji =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, Qce Ynscdjiqlj Wlsq Olbwnjt nja dqs }e`nqea olbwnjdes wu}ocnsea !7*8 bd``dlj, !1*3 bd``dlj, nja !1*= bd``dlj, }esweoqdxe`t, lh naxe}qdsebejqs lj lu}

yemsdqe* B}* I}ncnb, n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, ds qce Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} lh Qce Ynscdjiqlj Wlsq Olbwnjt* Qce wu}ocnses mt Qce Ynscdjiqlj Wlsq Olbwnjt nja dqs }e`nqea

ejqdqdes ye}e bnae dj qce l}adjn}t olu}se lh musdjess lj olbbe}odn``t }ensljnmè qe}bs* Dj naadqdlj, Qce Ynscdjiqlj Wlsq Olbwnjt ds nhhd`dnqea ydqc nj naxe}qdsdji niejot, _lodn` Olae @@O,

qcnq cns naxe}qdsdji o`dejqs qcnq al musdjess ydqc us*

Au}dji =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, Jeqh`d wu}ocnsea !>*4 bd``dlj, !>*8 bd``dlj, nja !?*3 bd``dlj, }esweoqdxe`t, lh naxe}qdsebejqs lj lu} yemsdqe* B}* Cnsqdjis, n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh

ad}eoql}s, ds qce Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} lh Jeqh`d* Qce wu}ocnses mt Jeqh`d ye}e bnae dj qce l}adjn}t olu}se lh musdjess lj olbbe}odn``t }ensljnmè qe}bs*

Au}dji =7>7 nja =7>>, ye bnae wntbejqs ql IBI @dhesqtè Ejqe}qndjbejq Djo* #IBI$ lh !7*4 bd``dlj nja !7*9 bd``dlj, }esweoqdxe`t, hl} oe}qndj snès nja bn}feqdji se}xdoes* ]lm

Ilàme}i, qce hlujae} nja Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} lh IBI, ds qce m}lqce}"dj"`ny lh Bs* _njame}i, lu} Ocdeh Lwe}nqdji Lhhdoe}* Qce IBI }e`nqdljscdw yns ejqe}ea djql dj qce l}adjn}t olu}se lh

musdjess nja lj olbbe}odn``t }ensljnmè qe}bs*

]exdey, Nww}lxn` l} ]nqdhdonqdlj lh Q}njsnoqdljs ydqc ]e`nqea Wn}qdes

Lu} wl`dot nja qce ocn}qe} lh lu} nuadq olbbdqqee yd`` }e~ud}e qcnq njt q}njsnoqdlj ydqc n }e`nqea wn}qt qcnq busq me }ewl}qea ujae} nww`donmè }uès lh qce _EO busq me }exdeyea nja

nww}lxea l} }nqdhdea mt lu} nuadq olbbdqqee, ujèss qce }e`nqea wn}qt ds, l} ds nsslodnqea ydqc, n bebme} lh qcnq olbbdqqee, dj ycdoc exejq qce q}njsnoqdlj busq me }exdeyea nja nww}lxea mt lu}

ilxe}jnjoe olbbdqqee* Qcese olbbdqqees cnxe jlq nalwqea wl`dodes l} w}loeau}es hl} }exdey lh, l } sqnjan}as hl} nww}lxn` lh, qcese q}njsnoqdljs*

>=5


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

W]DJODWN@ NJA _E@@DJI _QLOFCL@AE]_

Qce hl``lydji qnmè seqs hl}qc oe}qndj djhl}bnqdlj ydqc }esweoq ql qce mejehdodn` lyje}scdw lh lu} olbblj sqlof ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nja ns nakusqea ql }ehèoq qce snè lh O`nss N

olbblj sqlof lhhe}ea mt us nja qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, hl};

• enoc sqlofclàe} fjlyj mt us ql me qce mejehdodn` lyje} lh bl}e qcnj 5% lh lu} luqsqnjadji scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof l} O`nss M olbblj sqlof6

• enoc lh lu} ad}eoql}s6

• enoc lh lu} jnbea eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s6

• n`` lh lu} ad}eoql}s nja eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ns n i}luw6 nja

• enoc se``dji sqlofclàe}*

Ye cnxe aeqe}bdjea mejehdodn lyje}scdw dj nool}anjoe ydqc qce }uès lh qce _EO* Eoewq ns djadonqea mt qce hllqjlqes me`ly, ye me`dexe, mnsea lj qce djhl}bnqdlj hu}jdscea ql us, qcnq

qce we}sljs nja ejqdqdes jnbea dj qce qnmè me`ly cnxe slè xlqdji nja djxesqbejq wlye} ydqc }esweoq ql n`` scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof l} O`nss M olbblj sqlof qcnq qcet mejehdodn``t lyj,

sumkeoq ql nww`donmè olbbujdqt w}lwe}qt `nys*

Nww`donmè we}oejqnie lyje}scdw ds mnsea lj >>9,749,>1? scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja >,953,47=,?47 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof luqsqnjadji nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>,

nssubdji oljxe}sdlj lh n`` luqsqnjadji scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof dj ql nj nii}einqe lh 515,55>,?4> scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof* Hl} wu}wlses lh olbwuqdji we}oejqnie lyje}scdw nhqe}

lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ye cnxe nssubea qcnq scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof yd`` me dssuea mt us dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, qcnq >=7,777,777 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof yd``

me dssuea mt us dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce ee}odse lh nj luqsqnjadji sqlof lwqdlj mt Bn}f [uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, nja qcnq oe}qndj lh lu} edsqdji sqlofclàe}s yd`` oljxe}q nj

nii}einqe lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof djql nj e~udxnèjq jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn wum`do lhhe}dji* Dj olbwuqdji qce

jubme} lh scn}es lh olbblj sqlof mejehdodn``t lyjea mt n we}slj nja qce we}oejqnie lyje}scdw lh qcnq we}slj, ye aeebea ql me luqsqnjadji n`` scn}es lh olbblj sqlof sumkeoq ql lwqdljs,

]_Us l} lqce} oljxe}qdmè seou}dqdes ceà mt qcnq we}slj l} ejqdqt qcnq n}e ou}}ejq`t ee}odsnmè l} }eènsnmè l} qcnq yd`` meolbe ee}odsnmè l} }eènsnmè ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

Ye ada jlq aeeb qcese scn}es luqsqnjadji, clyexe}, hl} qce wu}wlse lh olbwuqdji qce we}oejqnie lyje}scdw lh njt lqce} we}slj* Ujèss lqce}ydse djadonqea, qce naa}ess lh enoc mejehdodn` lyje}

`dsqea dj qce qnmè me`ly ds ol Hnoemllf, Djo*, >87> Yd``ly ]lna, Bej`l Wn}f, On`dhl}jdn 417=5*

>=8


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

_cn}es Mejehdodn``t Lyjea

W}dl} ql qcds Lhhe}dji

% lh Qlqn`

Xlqdji

Wlye}

Mehl}e Lu}

Djdqdn`

Wum`do

Lhhe}dji

Jubme}

lh

_cn}es

Medji

Lhhe}ea

_cn}es Mejehdodn``t

Lyjea Nhqe} qcds Lhhe}dji

% lh Qlqn`

Xlqdji

Wlye} Nhqe}

Lu} Djdqdn`

Wum`do

Lhhe}dji

O`nss N O`nss M O`nss N O`nss M

Jnbe lh Mejehdodn` Lyje} _cn}es % _cn}es % _cn}es % _cn}es %

Jnbea Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe}s nja Ad}eoql}s;

Bn}f [uofe}me}i ‑ ‑ 5??,37>,357 =3*1 =3*=

_cn}es sumkeoq ql xlqdji w}lt 1=,=15,=7? ?8*> 5?3,??=,54> ?7*8 ?7*8

Qlqn` 1=,=15,=7? ?8*> >,79=,>?1,11> 59*> 58*4

_ce}t` F* _njame}i ‑ ‑ >,344,438 + +

Anxda N* Eme}sbnj ‑ ‑ =,>91,444 + +Bdfe _oc}lewhe} ‑ ‑ =,>7>,397 + +

Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq ‑ ‑ >,38?,858 + +

Bn}o @* Nja}eessej ‑ ‑ ?,59>,1?> + +

E}sfdje M* Mlyès ‑ ‑ ‑ + +

Knbes Y* M}ete} ‑ ‑ =7>,?93,?14 >>*1 >>*1

Aljnà E* I}ncnb ‑ ‑ ‑ + +

]eea Cnsqdjis ‑ ‑ ‑ + +

Weqe} N* Qcde` ‑ ‑ 11,9=1,>77 =*5 =*5

N`` eeo uqdxe lhhdoe}s nja ad}eoql}s ns n i}luw #>= we }sljs$ 1=,=15,=7? ?8*> >,?>4,?75,9=? 97*7 84*3

Lqce} 5% _qlofclàe}s;

Ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc Nooe` Wn}qje}s ‑ ‑ =7>,?93,?14 >>*1 >>*1

Ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea ?8,9>>,4=3 ?>*1 41,589,415 5*1 5*5

Ausqdj Blsflxdq{ ‑ ‑ >??,98?,815 9*8 9*8

Ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc Ilàbnj _nocs 85,419,=1> 58*? ‑ + +

Q* ]lye W}doe Nsslodnqes, Djo* 8,7??,8?7 5*= >=,>53,91? + +

Lqce} _e``dji _qlofclàe}s;

+ @ess qcnj >%*

#>$ Qce}e n}e ou}}ejq`t jl ]_Us ycdoc yd`` meolbe }eènsnmè ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> ql qce mejehdq lh qce djadxdaun`s nja ejqdqdes dsqea dj qce qnmè nmlxe*

#=$ We}oejqnie lh qlqn` xlqdji wlye} }ew}esejqs xlqdji wlye} ydqc }esweoq ql n`` scn}es lh lu} O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof, ns n sdjiè o`nss* Qce clàe}s lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e ejqdqèa ql qej xlqes we} scn}e, nja clàe}s lh lu}

O`nss N olbblj sqlof n}e ejqdqèa ql lje xlqe we} scn}e* Hl} bl}e djhl}bnqdlj nmluq qce xlqdji }dicqs lh lu} O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof, see ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn` _qlof‑Olbblj _qlof*‒

#?$ Oljsdsqs lh #d$ 179,=85 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt B}* [uofe}me}i6 #dd$ ?,81=,?=? scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Bn}f [uofe}me}i, Q}usqee lh Qce Bn}f [uofe}me}i =773 Njjudqt Q}usq anqea

Bn}oc >?, =7736 #ddd$ 174,95=,=8= scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Bn}f [uofe}me}i, Q}usqee lh Qce Bn}f [uofe}me}i Q}usq anqea Ku`t 9, =7786 nja #dx$ >=7,777,777 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof dssunmè uwlj ee}odselh lwqdljs ee}odsnmè ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

#1$ Ye eweoq qcnq Bn}f [uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, yd`` lhhe} nja se`` scn}es dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Ye eweoq qcnq sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh qce jeq w}loeeas B}* [uofe}me}i yd`` }eoedxe uwlj suoc snè yd`` me usea ql

snqdsht qnes qcnq ce yd`` djou} uwlj qce ee}odse lh nj luqsqnjadji sqlof lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse >=7,777,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof*

#5$ Oljsdsqs lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà mt lqce} sqlofclàe}s lxe} ycdoc, eoewq ujae} `dbdqea od}oubsqnjoes, B}* [uofe}me}i cl as nj d}}exlonmè w}lt, wu}sunjq ql xlqdji ni}eebejqs meqyeej B}* [uofe}me}i, us

nja suoc sqlofclàe}s, djoùadji oe}qndj lh lu} ad}eoql}s nja clàe}s lh bl}e qcnj 5% lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof ydqc }esweoq ql oe}qndj bnqqe}s, ns djadonqea dj qce hllqjlqes me`ly* Ye al jlq me`dexe qcnq qce wn}qdes ql qcese xlqdji ni}eebejqs

oljsqdquqe n ‐i}luw‒ ujae} _eoqdlj >? lh qce _eou}dqdes Eocnjie Noq lh >4?1, ns nbejaea, ns B}* [uofe}me}i ee}odses xlqdji oljq}l` lxe} qcese scn}es* Hl} bl}e djhl}bnqdlj nmluq qce xlqdji ni}eebejqs, see ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn` _qlof‑

Xlqdji Ni}eebejqs*‒

#8$ Oljsdsqs lh >,344,438 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt _ce}t` F* _njame}i, Q}usqee lh qce _ce}t` F* _njame}i =773 Njjudqt Q}usq anqea Nw}d` >5, =773* Bs* _njame}i n`sl clàs ?4,?=>,71> ]_Us ycdoc n}e sumkeoq ql xesqdji

oljadqdljs jlq eweoqea ql loou} ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

#9$ Oljsdsqs lh =,>91,444 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof dssunmè uwlj ee}odse lh lwqdljs ee}odsnmè ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* B}* Eme}sbnj n`sl clàs 9,184,1=1 ]_Us ycdoc n}e sumkeoq ql xesqdji oljadqdljs jlq eweoqea ql

loou} ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

#3$ Oljsdsqs lh =,>7>,397 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof dssunmè uwlj ee}odse lh lwqdljs ee}odsnmè ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* B}* _oc}lewhe} n`sl clàs 8,>11,>33 ]_Us ycdoc n}e sumkeoq ql xesqdji oljadqdljs jlq eweoqea ql

loou} ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

#4$ Oljsdsqs lh #d$ ?5,877 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt B}* U``tlq6 nja #dd$ >,3=3,758 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof dssunmè uwlj ee}odse lh lwqdljs ee}odsnmè ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* B}* U``tlq n`sl clàs

?,93=,3>3 ]_Us ycdoc n}e sumkeoq ql xesqdji oljadqdljs jlq eweoqea ql loou} ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

>=9

#=$ #=$#>$

#?$ #1$

#5$

#?$#5$

#8$

#9$#3$

#4$

#>7$

#>>$

#>=$

#>?$

#>1$

#>5$

#>8$

#>=$

#>9$

#>3$

#>4$

#=7$


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

#>7$ Oljsdsqs lh ?,59>,1?> scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Nja}eessej Cl}lydq{ Huja DD, @*W* #NC Huja$* NC E~udqt Wn}qje}s D, @*@*O* #NCEW$ ds qce ieje}n` wn}qje} lh NC Huja nja cns slè xlqdji nja djxesqbejq wlye} lxe}

qce seou}dqdes ceà mt NC Huja* B}* Nja}eessej ds lje lh qce Bnjnidji Bebme}s lh NCEW, nja, qce}ehl}e, bnt me aeebea ql scn}e xlqdji nja djxesqbejq wlye} lxe} qce seou}dqdes ceà NC Huja* Qce naa}ess lh NCEW nja NC Huja ds =385

_nja Cd`` ]lna, _udqe >7>, Bej`l Wn}f, On`dhl}jdn 417=5* B}* Nja}eessej n`sl clàs 5,=19,147 ]_Us ycdoc n}e sumkeoq ql xesqdji oljadqdljs jlq eweoqea ql loou} ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

#>>$ B}* Mlyès clàs =7,777 ]_Us ycdoc n}e sumkeoq ql xesqdji oljadqdljs jlq eweoqea ql loou} ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

#>=$ Oljsdsqs lh #d$ >>,97?,>?= scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Knbes Y* M}ete}, Q}usqee lh Knbes Y* M}ete} =775 Q}usq anqea Bn}oc =5, =775 #M}ete} =775 Q}usq$6 #dd$ >14,5=9,9?7 scn}es lh O nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh

}eol}a mt Nooe` DS @*W* #Nooe` DS$6 #ddd$ >5,4?>,85? scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Nooe` DS _q}nqeido Wn}qje}s @*W* #Nooe` _W$6 #dx$ >?,4?4,=>1 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a Nooe` Djxesql}s =775 @*@*O*

#Nooe` =775$6 #x$ 4,414,3=7 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Nooe` I}lyqc Huja @*W* #Nooe` I}lyqc$6 #xd$ >41,=?7 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Nooe` I}lyqc Huja _q}nqeido Wn}qje}s @*W* #Nooe`

I}lyqc _W$6 nja #xdd$ >?=,597 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Nooe` I}lyqc Huja Djxesql}s =774 @*@*O* #Nooe` I}lyqc =774$* Ye cnxe meej naxdsea mt qce clàe}s lh }eol}a qcnq dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do

lhhe}dji >>,513,5=9 lh qce scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt qce M}ete} =775 Q}usq, >14,5=9,9?7 lh qce scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Nooe` DS, >5,4?>,85? lh qce scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj

sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Nooe` _W, nja >?,4?4,=>1 lh qce scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Nooe` =775 yd`` me oljxe}qea djql nj e~udxnèjq jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof* Nooe` DS Nsslodnqes @*@*O*

#N4N$ ds qce ieje}n` wn}qje} lh Nooe` DS nja Nooe` _W nja cns slè xlqdji nja djxesqbejq wlye} lxe} qce scn}es ceà mt qcese `dbdqea wn}qje}scdws* Nooe` I}lyqc Huja Nsslodnqes @*@*O* #NIHN$ ds qce ieje}n` wn}qje} lh Nooe` I}lyqc nja

Nooe` I}lyqc _W nja cns slè xlqdji nja djxesqbejq wlye} lxe} qce scn}es ceà mt qcese `dbdqea wn}qje}scdws* B}* M}ete} ds lje lh qce bnjnidji bebme}s lh N4N, NIHN, Nooe` =775, nja Nooe` I}lyqc =774, nja, qce}ehl}e, bnt me aeebea

ql scn}e xlqdji nja djxesqbejq wlye} lxe} qce seou}dqdes ceà mt qcese ejqdqdes* Qce naa}ess lh N4N nja NIHN nja qced} nhhd`dnqea ejqdqdes ds 1=3 Ujdxe}sdqt Nxejue, Wn`l N`ql, On`dhl}jdn 41?7>* B}* M}ete} ds q}usqee lh qce M}ete} =775 Q}usq*>7,1?>,==5 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e sumkeoq ql n xlqdji ni}eebejq dj hnxl} lh B}* [uofe}me}i }ehe}}ea ql dj hllqjlqe #5$ nmlxe*

#>?$ B}* I}ncnb clàs >,777,777 ]_Us ycdoc n}e sumkeoq ql xesqdji oljadqdljs jlq eweoqea ql loou} ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

#>1$ B}* Cnsqdjis clàs =7,777 ]_Us ycdoc n}e sumkeoq ql xesqdji oljadqdljs jlq eweoqea ql loou} ydqcdj 87 ants lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

#>5$ Oljsdsqs lh #d$ ?=,395,897 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt ]dxejae`` Lje @@O #]dxejae``$6 #dd$ 5,493,>17 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Qce Hlujae}s Huja, @W #HH$6 #ddd$ 917,487 scn}es lh O`nss M

olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Qce Hlujae}s Huja DD, @W #HH DD$6 #dx$ ?8,817 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Qce Hlujae}s Huja DD W}djodwn`s Huja, @W #HHWH$6 #x$ ==,177 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a

mt Qce Hlujae}s Huja DD Ejq}ew}ejeu}s Huja, @W #HHEH$6 nja #xd$ 5,797,=47 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt @ebmns, @@O #@ebmns$* Ye cnxe meej naxdsea mt ]dxejae`` qcnq dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji n``

lh qce scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt ]dxejae`` yd`` me oljxe}qea djql nj e~udxnèjq jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof* B}* Qcde` ds qce mejehdodn` lyje} lh ]dxejae`` nja cns xlqdji nja djxesqbejq wlye}

lxe} qce seou}dqdes ceà mt ]dxejae``* B}* Qcde` ds n bnjnidji bebme} lh qce ieje}n` wn}qje} lh enoc lh HH, HH DD, HHWH, nja HHEH, nja, qce}ehl}e, bnt me aeebea ql cnxe xlqdji nja djxesqbejq wlye} lxe} qce seou}dqdes ceà mt qcese ejqdqdes*

B}* Qcde` ds qce bnjnidji bebme} lh @ebmns nja cns xlqdji nja djxesqbejq wlye} lxe} qce seou}dqdes ceà mt @ebmns* >>>,331 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e sumkeoq ql n xlqdji ni}eebejq dj hnxl} lh B}* [uofe}me}i }ehe}}ea ql dj

hllqjlqe #5$ nmlxe*

#>8$ Oljsdsqs lh #d$ 1=,=15,=7? scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof6 #dd$ >,>4?,=77,943 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof6 nja #ddd$ >=8,>71,4=5 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof dssunmè uwlj ee}odse lh lwqdljs ee}odsnmè ydqcdj 87 ants lh

Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

#>9$ Oljsdsqs lh #d$ >9,=>?,517 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea6 #dd$ 5,445,=7? scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt A_Q I`lmn DD, @*W*6 #ddd$ >,849,=>9 scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ceà lh

}eol}a mt A_Q I`lmn` DDD, @*W*6 #dx$ ?,415,53= scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja =1,=47,119 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt A_Q U_N @dbdqea6 nja #x$ =5,79?,4=8 scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja 5?,78?,453 scn}es

lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt A_Q U_N DD @dbdqea* Tu}d Bd`je} clàs u`qdbnqe xlqdji nja djxesqbejq wlye} lxe} qce seou}dqdes ceà mt qcese ejqdqdes* Qce naa}ess lh A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea, A_Q I`lmn` DD, @*W*, A_Q I`lmn` DDD,

@*W*, A_Q U_N @dbdqea, nja A_Q U_N DD @dbdqea ds ol Qu``loc ( Ol*, 1 Cd`` _q}eeq, @ljalj Y>K 5JE, Ujdqea Fdjialb* ?8,9>>,4=3 scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja 41,589,415 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e sumkeoq ql n xlqdji

ni}eebejq dj hnxl} lh B}* [uofe}me}i }ehe}}ea ql dj hllqjlqe #5$ nmlxe* A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea nja dqs nhhd`dnqes n}e jl `ljie} nhhd`dnqea ydqc Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea #hfn Adidqn` _ft Qeocjl`lides @dbdqea$* Hl} bl}e djhl}bnqdlj, see ‐]e`nqea

Wn}qt Q}njsnoqdljs‑Oljxe}sdlj Ni}eebejq*‒

#>3$ Oljsdsqs lh #d$ =?4,>85 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Ausqdj N* Blsflxdq{, Q}usqee lh Qce Kusqdj B* ]lsejsqedj =774 Q}usq, n q}usq esqnm`dscea wu}sunjq ql qce Kusqdj B* ]lsejsqedj =774 Q}usq Ni}eebejq6 #dd$ >>1,=58,8=4

scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Ausqdj Blsflxdq{, Q}usqee lh Qce Ausqdj N* Blsflxdq{ Q}usq anqea Aeoebme} =9, =7756 #ddd$ >1,171,5>8 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Ausqdj Blsflxdq{, Q}usqee lh Qce

Ausqdj Blsflxdq{ =773 Njjudqt Q}usq anqea Bn}oc >7, =7736 nja #dx$ 1,38?,??5 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Kusqdj B* ]lsejsqedj, Q}usqee lh Qce Ausqdj N* Blsflxdq{ =774 Q}usq, n q}usq esqnm`dscea wu}sunjq ql qce

Ausqdj N* Blsflxdq{ =774 Q}usq Ni}eebejq anqea Knjun}t >, =774* B}* Blsflxdq{ ds q}usqee l} mejehdodn}t lh Qce Kusqdj B* ]lsejsqedj =774 Q}usq, Qce Ausqdj N* Blsflxdq{ Q}usq anqea Aeoebme} =9, =775, Qce Ausqdj Blsflxdq{ =773

Njjudqt Q}usq anqea Bn}oc >7, =773, nja Qce Ausqdj N* Blsflxdq{ =774 Q}usq* >??,98?,815 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e sumkeoq ql n xlqdji ni}eebejq dj hnxl} lh B}* [uofe}me}i }ehe}}ea ql dj hllqjlqe #5$ nmlxe*

>=3


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

#>4$ Oljsdsqs lh #d$ >1,=>1,379 scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Qce Ilàbnj _nocs I}luw, Djo*6 #dd$ =,543,85= scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Ilàbnj _nocs Djxesqbejq Wn}qje}s Bnsqe} Huja, @*W*6

#ddd$ >,7>7,539 scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt Ilàbnj _nocs Djxesqbejq Wn}qje}s W}dxnqe Lwwl}qujdqdes Clàdjis, @*W*6 nja #dx$ 13,>=?,>45 scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt HMAO Djxesql}s Lhhscl}e

Clàdjis, @*W* Nhhd`dnqes lh Qce Ilàbnj _nocs I}luw, Djo* n}e qce ieje}n` wn}qje}, bnjnidji ieje}n` wn}qje} l} djxesqbejq bnjnie} lh enoc lh Ilàbnj _nocs Djxesqbejq Wn}qje}s Bnsqe} Huja, @*W*, Ilàbnj _nocs Djxesqbejq Wn}qje}s

W}dxnqe Lwwl}qujdqdes Clàdjis, @*W*, nja HMAO Djxesql}s Lhhscl}e Clàdjis, @*W*, nja enoc lh qcese hujas scn}es xlqdji nja djxesqbejq wlye} ydqc oe}qndj lh dqs }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes* Qce naa}ess lh Qce Ilàbnj _nocs I}luw, Djo*, Ilàbnj

_nocs Djxesqbejq Wn}qje}s Bnsqe} Huja, @*W*, Ilàbnj _nocs Djxesqbejq Wn}qje}s W}dxnqe Lwwl}qujdqdes Clàdjis, @*W*, nja HMAO Djxesql}s Lhhscl}e Clàdjis, @*W* ds =77 Yesq _q}eeq, Jey Tl}f, JT >7=3=*

#=7$ Oljsdsqs lh #d$ 8,7??,8?7 scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt 3> hujas nja noolujqs naxdsea l} sum"naxdsea mt Q* ]lye W}doe Nsslodnqes, Djo*6 nja #dd$ >=,>53,91? scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà lh }eol}a mt 99 hujas nja

noolujqs naxdsea l} sum"naxdsea mt Q* ]lye W}doe Nsslodnqes, Djo* Q* ]lye W}doe Nsslodnqes, Djo* se}xes ns djxesqbejq naxdse} ydqc wlye} ql ad}eoq djxesqbejqs njal} slè wlye} ql xlqe qce seou}dqdes lyjea mt qcese hujas nja noolujqs* Q*

]lye W}doe Nsslodnqes, Djo* bnt me aeebea ql me qce mejehdodn` lyje} lh n`` qce scn}es `dsqea* Q* ]lye W}doe Nsslodnqes, Djo* ds qce ycl``t lyjea sumsdadn}t lh Q* ]lye W}doe I}luw, Djo*, ycdoc ds n wum`do`t q}naea hdjnjodn` se}xdoes clàdji

olbwnjt* Qce naa}ess hl} Q* ]lye W}doe Nsslodnqes, Djo* ds >77 Ensq W}nqq _q}eeq, Mn`qdbl}e, BA =>=7=*

>=4


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

AE_O]DWQDLJ LH ONWDQN@ _QLOF

Uwlj qce olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, lu} nuqcl}d{ea onwdqn` sqlof yd`` oljsdsq lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof, !7*777778 wn} xnùe we} scn}e, scn}es lh O`nss

M olbblj sqlof, !7*777778 wn} xnùe we} scn}e, nja scn}es lh ujaesdijnqea w}ehe}}ea sqlof, !7*777778 wn} xnùe we} scn}e* N aeso}dwqdlj lh qce bnqe}dn` qe}bs nja w}lxdsdljs lh lu} }esqnqea

oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja }esqnqea mt`nys qcnq yd`` me dj ehheoq nq qce o`lsdji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji nja nhheoqdji qce }dicqs lh clàe}s lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof ds seq hl}qc me`ly* Qce

aeso}dwqdlj ds djqejaea ns n subbn}t, nja ds ~un`dhdea dj dqs ejqd}eqt mt }ehe}ejoe ql qce hl}b lh lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja qce hl}b lh lu} }esqnqea mt`nys ql me nalwqea dj

oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji qcnq yd`` me hdèa ydqc qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq }e`nqdji ql qcds w }lsweoqus*

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nja nhqe} idxdji ehheoq ql qce nuqlbnqdo oljxe}sdlj lh n`` lh lu} luqsqnjadji w}ehe}}ea sqlof djql O`nss M olbblj sqlof dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do

lhhe}dji, qce}e ye}e luqsqnjadji;

• >>9,749,>1? scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ceà mt nww}ldbnqe`t >>7 sqlofclàe}s6

• >,953,47=,?47 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà mt nww}ldbnqe`t >,797 sqlofclàe}s6

• =53,5?4,1?1 scn}es dssunmè uwlj ee}odse lh luqsqnjadji sqlof lwqdljs6 nja

• ?93,99=,>31 scn}es sumkeoq ql luqsqnjadji }esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs #]_Us$*

Olbblj _qlof

Adxdaeja ]dicqs

_umkeoq ql w}ehe}ejoes qcnq bnt nww`t ql scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof luqsqnjadji nq qce qdbe, qce clàe}s lh luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof n}e ejqdqèa ql }eoedxe adxdaejas luq lh

hujas èin``t nxnd`nmè dh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, dj dqs adso}eqdlj, aeqe}bdjes ql dssue adxdaejas nja lj`t qcej nq qce qdbes nja dj qce nblujqs qcnq lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s bnt aeqe}bdje* _ee

‐Adxdaeja Wl`dot‒ hl} bl}e djhl}bnqdlj*

Xlqdji ]dicqs

Qce clàe}s lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e ejqdqèa ql qej xlqes we} scn}e, nja clàe}s lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof n}e ejqdqèa ql lje xlqe we} scn}e* Qce clàe}s lh lu} O`nss N

olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof xlqe qlieqce} ns n sdjiè o`nss, ujèss lqce}ydse }e~ud}ea mt `ny* Ae`nyn}e `ny oluà }e~ud}e edqce} clàe}s lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof l} lu}

O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql xlqe sewn}nqe`t ns n sdjiè o`nss dj qce hl``lydji od}oubsqnjoes;

• dh ye ye}e ql seef ql nbeja lu} oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj ql djo}ense qce nuqcl}d{ea jubme} lh scn}es lh n o`nss lh sqlof, l} ql djo}ense l} aeo}ense qce wn} xnùe lh n o`nss lh

sqlof, qcej qcnq o`nss yluà me }e~ud}ea ql xlqe sewn}nqe`t ql nww}lxe qce w}lwlsea nbejabejq6 nja

• dh ye ye}e ql seef ql nbeja lu} oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj dj n bnjje} qcnq n`qe}s l} ocnjies qce wlye}s, w}ehe}ejoes l} sweodn` }dicqs lh n o`nss lh sqlof dj n bnjje} qcnq nhheoqea

dqs clàe}s naxe}se`t, qcej qcnq o`nss yluà me }e~ud}ea ql xlqe sewn}nqe`t ql nww}lxe qce w}lwlsea nbejabejq*

_qlofclàe}s al jlq cnxe qce nmd`dqt ql oubu`nqe xlqes hl} qce eèoqdlj lh ad}eoql}s* Lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja }esqnqea mt`nys qcnq yd`` me dj ehheoq nq qce o`lsdji lh lu}

djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji yd`` w}lxdae hl} n o`nssdhdea mln}a lh ad}eoql}s oljsdsqdji lh qc}ee o`nsses lh nww}ldbnqe`t e~un` sd{e, enoc se}xdji sqniie}ea qc}ee"ten} qe}bs, ycej qce luqsqnjadji scn}es

lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh olbblj sqlof* Lu} ad}eoql}s yd`` me nssdijea mt qce qcej"ou}}ejq mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ql n o`nss ycej

qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh olbblj sqlof*

>?7


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Jl W}eebwqdxe l} _dbd`n} ]dicqs

Lu} olbblj sqlof ds jlq ejqdqèa ql w}eebwqdxe }dicqs nja ds jlq sumkeoq ql oljxe}sdlj, }eaebwqdlj l} sdjfdji huja w}lxdsdljs*

]dicq ql ]eoedxe @d~udanqdlj Adsq}dmuqdljs

Uwlj lu} adsslùqdlj, `d~udanqdlj l} ydjadji"uw, qce nsseqs èin``t nxnd`nmè hl} adsq}dmuqdlj ql lu} sqlofclàe}s n}e adsq}dmuqnmè }nqnm`t nblji qce clàe}s lh lu} olbblj sqlof, sumkeoq

ql w}dl} snqdshnoqdlj lh n`` luqsqnjadji aemq nja `dnmd`dqdes nja qce w}ehe}ejqdn` }dicqs nja wntbejq lh `d~udanqdlj w}ehe}ejoes, dh njt, lj njt luqsqnjadji scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof*

Oljxe}sdlj

Qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e oljxe}qdmè nq njt qdbe ns hl``lys; #>$ nq qce lwqdlj lh qce clàe}, n scn}e lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof bnt me oljxe}qea nq njt qdbe

djql lje scn}e lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof l} #=$ uwlj qce eèoqdlj lh qce clàe}s lh n bnkl}dqt lh qce qcej luqsqnjadji scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof, n`` luqsqnjadji scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj

sqlof bnt me oljxe}qea djql scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof* Dj naadqdlj, enoc scn}e lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof yd`` oljxe}q nuqlbnqdon``t djql lje scn}e lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof uwlj njt

q}njshe}, yceqce} l} jlq hl} xnùe, ycdoc loou}s nhqe} qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, eoewq hl} oe}qndj q}njshe}s aeso}dmea dj lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj, djoùadji q}njshe}s

ql hnbd`t bebme}s, q}usqs slè`t hl} qce mejehdq lh qce sqlofclàe} l} qced} hnbd`t bebme}s, nja wn}qje}scdws, ol}wl}nqdljs, nja lqce} ejqdqdes eoùsdxe`t lyjea mt qce sqlofclàe} l} qced} hnbd`t

bebme}s* Ljoe oljxe}qea l} q}njshe}}ea nja oljxe}qea djql O`nss N olbblj sqlof, qce O`nss M olbblj sqlof yd`` jlq me }edssuea*

W}ehe}}ea _qlof

Uwlj qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, jl scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof yd`` me luqsqnjadji, muq ye yd`` me nuqcl}d{ea, sumkeoq ql `dbdqnqdljs w}eso}dmea mt Ae`nyn}e `ny, ql dssue

w}ehe}}ea sqlof dj lje l} bl}e se}des, ql esqnm`dsc h}lb qdbe ql qdbe qce jubme} lh scn}es ql me djoùaea dj enoc se}des nja ql hd qce aesdijnqdlj, wlye}s, w}ehe}ejoes nja }dicqs lh qce scn}es lh

enoc se}des nja njt lh dqs ~un`dhdonqdljs, `dbdqnqdljs l} }esq}doqdljs* Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s n`sl onj djo}ense l} aeo}ense qce jubme} lh scn}es lh njt se}des, muq jlq me`ly qce jubme} lh scn}es lh

qcnq se}des qcej luqsqnjadji, ydqcluq njt hu}qce} xlqe l} noqdlj mt lu} sqlofclàe}s* Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s bnt nuqcl}d{e qce dssunjoe lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof ydqc xlqdji l} oljxe}sdlj }dicqs qcnq

oluà naxe}se`t nhheoq qce xlqdji wlye} l} lqce} }dicqs lh qce clàe}s lh qce olbblj sqlof* Qce dssunjoe lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof, ycdè w}lxdadji hèdmd`dqt dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc wlssdmè no~udsdqdljs

nja lqce} ol}wl}nqe wu}wlses, oluà, nblji lqce} qcdjis, cnxe qce ehheoq lh ae`ntdji, aehe}}dji l} w}exejqdji n ocnjie dj oljq}l` lh lu} olbwnjt nja bnt naxe}se`t nhheoq qce bn}feq w}doe lh lu}

O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja qce xlqdji nja lqce} }dicqs l h qce clàe}s lh olbblj sqlof* Ye cnxe jl ou}}ejq w`nj ql dssue njt scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof*

Lwqdljs

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cna lwqdljs ql wu}ocnse =53,5?4,1?1 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof luqsqnjadji wu}sunjq ql lu} =775 _qlof W`nj nja qce Lhhdoe}s— W`nj*

]_Us

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cna ?93,99=,>31 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof sumkeoq ql ]_Us luqsqnjadji wu}sunjq ql lu} =775 _qlof W`nj*

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h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Xlqdji Ni}eebejqs

Lu} OEL cns ejqe}ea djql xlqdji ni}eebejqs ydqc oe}qndj lh lu} sqlofclàe}s, ycdoc xlqdji ni}eebejqs yd`` }ebndj dj ehheoq nhqe} qce olbw eqdlj lh qcds lhhe}dji* Qcese xlqdji

ni}eebejqs olxe} nww}ldbnqe`t 1=,=15,=7? scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja 135,>44,=?> scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof, ycdoc yd`` }ew}esejq nww}ldbnqe`t % lh qce luqsqnjadji

xlqdji wlye} lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Ujae} lje qtwe lh xlqdji ni}eebejq, sqlofclàe}s ni}eea ql xlqe n`` lh qced} scn}es ns ad}eoqea mt, nja i}njqea nj d}}exlonmè w}lt ql, B}* [uofe}me}i nq cds adso}eqdlj lj n`` bnqqe}s ql

me xlqea uwlj mt sqlofclàe}s* Qce hl``lydji djadxdaun`s nja ejqdqdes clà scn}es lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof qcnq n}e sumkeoq ql qcds qtwe lh xlqdji ni}eebejq; N]WD =, @@O6 Bnqq Olcè} nja oe}qndj

nhhd`dnqea ejqdqdes6 I}eil}t A}uofbnj6 Bdocne` A}uofbnj6 ]docn}a A}uofbnj6 _qexej A}uofbnj6 Qce Hlujae}s Huja, @W6 I`tjj Wn}qje}s6 Clbbe`s Clàdji IbmC6 Nanb Blsflxdq{6 Ausqdj

Blsflxdq{ nja oe}qndj nhhd`dnqea ejqdqdes6 Jnjot nja ]docn}a Blsflxdq{ nja oe}qndj nhhd`dnqea ejqdqdes6 _enj Wn}fe} nja oe}qndj nhhd`dnqea ejqdqdes6 On}n ( ]lme}q _ouaae}6 _d`dolj Xn`èt

Olbbujdqt Hlujanqdlj6 oe}qndj ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc Qeocjl`lit O}lsslxe} Xejqu}es6 Xn dnjq Onwdqn` Lwwl}qujdqdes, @@O6 nja XCWD =, @@O*

Ujae} n seolja qtwe lh xlqdji ni}eebejq, B}* [uofe}me}i cns qce nuqcl}dqt #nja d}}exlonmè w}lt$ ql xlqe qcese djxesql}s— scn}es nq cds adso}eqdlj lj n`` bnqqe}s ql me xlqea uwlj mt

sqlofclàe}s, eoewq hl} dssunjoes lh onwdqn` sqlof mt us dj eoess lh =7% lh lu} qcej luqsqnjadji sqlof nja bnqqe}s ycdoc yluà adsw}lwl}qdljnqe`t, bnqe}dn``t nja naxe}se`t nhheoq suoc

sqlofclàe}* Qcds qtwe lh xlqdji ni}eebejq n`sl w}lxdaes qcnq qce djxesql} scn`` jlq; #>$ no~ud}e njt lyje}scdw lh njt lh lu} nsseqs l} musdjess, #=$ bnfe njt sl`dodqnqdlj lh w}ldes ydqc }esweoq ql

qce xlqdji lh njt lh lu} seou}dqdes, #?$ hl}b njt ‐i}luw‒ ydqcdj qce benjdji lh _eoqdlj >?#a$ lh qce Eocnjie Noq, #1$ jlbdjnqe njt we}slj ns ad}eoql} ycl ds jlq jlbdjnqea mt qce qcej

djoubmejq ad}eoql}s, w}lwlse njt bnqqe} ql me xlqea uwlj mt lu} sqlofclàe}s l} djdqdnqe l} xlqe dj hnxl} lh l} on`` hl} n sweodn` beeqdji lh qce sqlofclàe}s, l} #5$ wum`do`t njjlujoe nj djqejqdlj

ql al njt lh qce nmlxe* Hl``lydji qce olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, n q}njshe}ee lh qce scn}es ou}}ejq`t sumkeoq ql qcds qtwe lh xlqdji ni}eebejq scn`` jl `ljie} me sumkeoq ql qce qe}bs

lh qce xlqdji ni}eebejq dh ye cnxe n qyl"o`nss onwdqn` sqlof sq}uoqu}e nja n wn}qt ql qce ni}eebejq ds q}njshe}}dji O`nss M olbblj sqlof qcnq, uwlj olbwèqdlj lh qce q}njshe}, meolbes O`nss N

olbblj sqlof l} ds q}njshe}}dji O`nss N olbblj sqlof* A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea nja oe}qndj nhhd`dnqea ejqdqdes nja Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea clà scn}es lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof qcnq n}e sumkeoq ql qcds qtwe

lh xlqdji ni}eebejq*

Qce qcd}a qtwe lh xlqdji ni}eebejq oljqndjs qce snbe sumsqnjqdxe w}lxdsdljs ns qce seolja qtwe lh ni}eebejq* Hl} slbe lh qce wn}qdes ql qcds qtwe lh xlqdji ni}eebejq, qce w}lxdsdljs lh

qce ni}eebejq al jlq nww`t ql scn}es ceà mt qce djxesql}s w}dl} ql qced} seoljan}t wu}ocnses* Qce hl``lydji ejqdqdes clà scn}es lh lu} onwdqn` sqlof qcnq n}e sumkeoq ql qcds qtwe lh xlqdji

ni}eebejq; oe}qndj ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc Nooe` Wn}qje}s nja Knbes Y* M}ete}, n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s6 oe}qndj ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc Eèxnqdlj Wn}qje}s6 He`n}blj I}luw @dbdqea6

oe}qndj ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc I}et`lof Wn}qje}s6 @d Fn _cdji #Onjnan$ Hlujanqdlj6 oe}qndj ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc Be}dqeoc Onwdqn` Wn}qje}s6 oe}qndj ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc Njnja ]nkn}nbnj6

Qdie} I`lmn` HM Clàdjis, @@O6 nja oe}qndj ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc Xejfnqesc Cn}djn}ntnj*

Ydqc qce eoewqdlj lh uw ql =?=,51=,553 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof, ycdoc yd`` }ebndj sumkeoq ql qce w}lxdsdljs lh n xlqdji ni}eebejq ujqd` B}* [uofe}me}i—s aenqc, dh nj djxesql}

se``s, q}njshe}s, nssdijs, wèaies l} lqce}ydse adswlses lh l} ejoubme}s qce scn}es sumkeoq ql qcese xlqdji ni}eebejqs nhqe} qce olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, qce scn}es yluà jl `ljie}me sumkeoq ql qce w}lxdsdljs lh qce xlqdji ni}eebejq* Xlqdji ni}eebejqs olxe}dji 1=,=15,=7? scn}es lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja =>5,4>4,735 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof yd``

qe}bdjnqe dh B}* [uofe}me}i ds jl ljie} noqdxe`t ejiniea dj qce bnjniebejq lh qce olbwnjt*

Ye al jlq me`dexe qcnq qce wn}qdes ql qcese xlqdji ni}eebejqs oljsqdquqe n ‐i}luw‒ ujae} _eoqdlj >? lh qce Eocnjie Noq, ns B}* [uofe}me}i ee}odses xlqdji oljq}l` lxe} qce scn}es ceà

mt qcese sqlofclàe}s*

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h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

]eidsq}nqdlj ]dicqs

Nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, oe}qndj clàe}s lh scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> yd`` me ejqdqèa ql oe}qndj }dicqs ydqc }esweoq ql }eidsq}nqdlj lh suoc

scn}es ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq* Qcese scn}es n}e }ehe}}ea ql ns }eidsq}nmè seou}dqdes* Qce clàe}s lh qcese }eidsq}nmè seou}dqdes wlssess }eidsq}nqdlj }dicqs wu}sunjq ql qce qe}bs lh lu} _dqc

Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Djxesql}s— ]dicqs Ni}eebejq anqea ns lh Aeoebme} =9, =7>7 #D]N$ nja n}e aeso}dmea dj naadqdljn` aeqnd` me`ly* Ye, n`lji ydqc ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc B}* Qcde`, Nooe`

Wn}qje}s, nja A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea, ns ye`` ns oe}qndj lqce} wn}qdes, n}e wn}qdes ql qce D]N* Ye l}didjn``t ejqe}ea djql qce D]N dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} _e}des N hdjnjodji dj =775 nja dq yns

nbejaea dj enoc lh lu} huqu}e w}ehe}}ea sqlof hdjnjodji }lujas* Qce D]N yns blsq }eoejq`t nbejaea dj Aeoebme} =7>7*

Aebnja ]eidsq}nqdlj ]dicqs

Ujae} lu} D]N, uwlj qce y}dqqej }e~uesq lh qce clàe}s lh n bnkl}dqt lh qce }eidsq}nmè seou}dqdes qcej luqsqnjadji qcnq ye hdè n }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq ydqc nj

njqdodwnqea nii}einqe w}doe ql qce wum`do lh nq ènsq !>7 bd``dlj, ye yd`` me lm`dinqea ql use lu} olbbe}odn``t }ensljnmè ehhl}qs ql }eidsqe} qce snè lh n`` }eidsq}nmè seou}dqdes qcnq clàe}s bnt}e~uesq dj y}dqdji ql me }eidsqe}ea ydqcdj =7 ants lh qce bnd`dji lh n jlqdoe mt us ql n`` clàe}s lh suoc }eidsq}nqdlj* Qce aebnja }eidsq}nqdlj }dicqs bnt jlq me ee}odsea ujqd` sd bljqcs nhqe} lu}

djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Ye n}e }e~ud}ea ql ehheoq jl bl}e qcnj qc}ee }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejqs ycdoc n}e aeo`n}ea l} l}ae}ea ehheoqdxe* Ye bnt wlsqwlje qce hd`dji lh n }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq hl} uw ql

>=7 ants ljoe dj n >="bljqc we}dla dh dj qce illa hndqc kuaibejq lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s suoc }eidsq}nqdlj yluà me aeq}dbejqn` ql us, nja ye n}e jlq }e~ud}ea ql ehheoq qce hd`dji lh n

}eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq au}dji qce we}dla meidjjdji 87 ants w}dl} ql lu} illa hndqc esqdbnqe lh qce anqe lh qce hd`dji lh, nja ejadji lj n anqe 47 ants hl``lydji qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh, n }eidsq}nqdlj

djdqdnqea mt us #ujèss suoc lhhe}dji ds lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, dj ycdoc onse suoc ejadji anqe ds >37 ants hl``lydji suoc }eidsq}nqdlj$*

Wdiitmnof ]eidsq}nqdlj ]dicqs

Dh ye }eidsqe} njt lh lu} seou}dqdes hl} wum`do snè, ye yd`` cnxe ql use n`` olbbe}odn``t }ensljnmè ehhl}qs ql }eidsqe} n`` }eidsq}nmè seou}dqdes qcnq qce clàe}s lh suoc seou}dqdes }e~uesq dj

y}dqdji me }eidsqe}ea ydqcdj =7 ants lh bnd`dji lh jlqdoe mt us ql n`` clàe}s lh qce w}lwlsea }eidsq}nqdlj* Clyexe}, qcds }dicq ales jlq nww`t ql n }eidsq}nqdlj }e`nqdji ql njt lh lu} sqlof w`njs, qce

lhhe} nja snè lh aemq seou}dqdes, n ol}wl}nqe }el}injd{nqdlj l} lqce} q}njsnoqdlj ujae} ]uè >15 lh qce _eou}dqdes Noq, l} n }eidsq}nqdlj lj njt }eidsq}nqdlj hl}b qcnq ales jlq djoùae sumsqnjqdn``t

qce snbe djhl}bnqdlj ns yluà me }e~ud}ea ql me djoùaea dj n }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq olxe}dji qce snè lh qce }eidsq}nmè seou}dqdes* Qce bnjnidji ujae}y}dqe} lh njt ujae}y}dqqej lhhe}dji yd``

cnxe qce }dicq ql `dbdq, aue ql bn}feqdji }ensljs, qce jubme} lh scn}es }eidsqe}ea mt qcese clàe}s ql ?7% lh qce qlqn` scn}es olxe}ea mt qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq, ujèss suoc lhhe}dji ds lu}

djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, dj ycdoc onse, qcese clàe}s bnt me eoùaea dh qce ujae}y}dqe}s aeqe}bdje qcnq qce snè lh qced} scn}es bnt kelwn}ad{e qce suooess lh qce lhhe}dji*

Hl}b _"? ]eidsq}nqdlj ]dicqs

Qce clàe}s lh nq ènsq ?7% lh qce }eidsq}nmè seou}dqdes onj }e~uesq qcnq ye }eidsqe} n`` l} n wl}qdlj lh qced} scn}es lj Hl}b _"? dh ye n}e e`didmè ql hdè n }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq lj Hl}b

_"? nja qce nii}einqe w}doe ql qce wum`do lh qce scn}es lhhe}ea ds nq ènsq != bd``dlj* Ye n}e }e~ud}ea ql hdè jl bl}e qcnj qyl }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejqs lj Hl}b _"? uwlj ee}odse lh qcese }dicqs we}

>="bljqc we}dla* Ye bnt wlsqwlje qce hd`dji lh n }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq hl} uw ql >=7 ants ljoe dj n >="bljqc we}dla dh dj qce illa hndqc kuaibejq lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s suoc }eidsq}nqdlj

yluà me aeq}dbejqn` ql us*

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Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

]eidsq}nqdlj Ewejses

Ye yd`` wnt n`` ewejses djou}}ea dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc enoc lh qce }eidsq}nqdljs aeso}dmea nmlxe, eoewq hl} ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs* Clyexe}, ye yd`` jlq wnt hl} njt

ewejses lh njt aebnja l} Hl}b _"? }eidsq}nqdlj dh qce }e~uesq ds sumse~uejq`t ydqca}nyj nq qce }e~uesq lh n bnkl}dqt lh qce clàe}s lh qce }eidsq}nmè seou}dqdes ql me }eidsqe}ea, sumkeoq ql `dbdqea

eoewqdljs*

Ewd}nqdlj lh ]eidsq}nqdlj ]dicqs

Qce }eidsq}nqdlj }dicqs aeso}dmea nmlxe yd`` su}xdxe lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji nja yd`` qe}bdjnqe ns ql njt sqlofclàe} nq suoc qdbe ns n`` lh suoc sqlofclàe}s— seou}dqdes #qlieqce} ydqc

njt nhhd`dnqe lh qce sqlofclàe} ydqc yclb suoc sqlofclàe} busq nii}einqe dqs snès$ oluà me slà ydqcluq olbw`dnjoe ydqc qce }eidsq}nqdlj }e~ud}ebejqs lh qce _eou}dqdes Noq wu}sunjq ql ]uè

>11 l} hl``lydji n aeebea `d~udanqdlj exejq ujae} lu} ou}}ejq }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj, muq dj njt exejq jl `nqe} qcnj qce hdxe"ten} njjdxe}sn}t lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Njqd"Qnfelxe} W}lxdsdljs

_l `lji ns qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh olbblj sqlof, Bn}f [uofe}me}i yd`` ehheoqdxe`t oljq}l` n`` bnqqe}s

sumbdqqea ql lu} sqlofclàe}s hl} n xlqe, ns ye`` ns qce lxe}n`` bnjniebejq nja ad}eoqdlj lh lu} olbwnjt, ycdoc yd`` cnxe qce ehheoq lh ae`ntdji, aehe}}dji l} adsolu}nidji njlqce} we}slj h}lb

no~ud}dji oljq}l` lh lu} olbwnjt*

Nhqe} suoc qdbe ns qce scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof jl `ljie} }ew}esejq n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh lu} olbblj sqlof, qce w}lxdsdljs lh Ae`nyn}e `ny, lu}

}esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja lu} }esqnqea mt`nys bnt cnxe qce ehheoq lh ae`ntdji, aehe}}dji l} adsolu}nidji njlqce} we}slj h}lb no~ud}dji oljq}l` lh lu} olbwnjt*

Ae`nyn}e @ny

Uwlj qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ye yd`` me ilxe}jea mt qce w}lxdsdljs lh _eoqdlj =7? lh qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny }eiu`nqdji ol}wl}nqe qnfelxe}s* Qcds

seoqdlj w}exejqs slbe Ae`nyn}e ol}wl}nqdljs h}lb ejinidji, ujae} slbe od}oubsqnjoes, dj n musdjess olbmdjnqdlj, ycdoc djoùaes n be}ie} l} snè lh nq ènsq >7% lh qce ol}wl}nqdlj—s nsseqs

ydqc njt djqe}esqea sqlofclàe}, benjdji n sqlofclàe} ycl, qlieqce} ydqc nhhd`dnqes nja nsslodnqes, lyjs l}, ydqcdj qc}ee ten}s w}dl} ql qce aeqe}bdjnqdlj lh djqe}esqea sqlofclàe} sqnqus, ada lyj

>5% l} bl}e lh qce ol}wl}nqdlj—s luqsqnjadji xlqdji sqlof, ujèss;

• qce q}njsnoqdlj ds nww}lxea mt qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s w}dl} ql qce qdbe qcnq qce djqe}esqea sqlofclàe} meonbe nj djqe}esqea sqlofclàe}6

• uwlj oljsubbnqdlj lh qce q}njsnoqdlj ycdoc }esu`qea dj qce sqlofclàe}—s meolbdji nj djqe}esqea sqlofclàe}, qce djqe}esqea sqlofclàe} lyjea nq ènsq 35% lh qce xl qdji sqlof lh

qce ol}wl}nqdlj luqsqnjadji nq qce q dbe qce q}njsnoqdlj olbbejoea, eoùadji sqlof lyjea mt ad}eoql}s ycl n}e n`sl lhhdoe}s lh qce ol}wl}nqdlj6 l}

• sumse~uejq ql suoc qdbe qcnq qce sqlofclàe} meonbe nj djqe}esqea sqlofclàe} qce musdjess olbmdjnqdlj ds nww}lxea mt qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nja nuqcl}d{ea nq nj njjun` l}

sweodn` beeqdji lh sqlofclàe}s mt nq ènsq qyl"qcd}as lh qce luqsqnjadji xlqdji sqlof ycdoc ds jlq lyjea mt qce djqe}esqea sqlofclàe}*

N Ae`nyn}e ol}wl}nqdlj bnt ‐lwq luq‒ lh qcese w}lxdsdljs ydqc nj ew}ess w}lxdsdlj dj dqs l}didjn` oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj l} nj ew}ess w}lxdsdlj dj dqs oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj l}

mt`nys }esu`qdji h}lb n sqlofclàe}s— nbejabejq nww}lxea mt nq ènsq n bnkl}dqt lh qce luqsqnjadji xlqdji scn}es* Ye cnxe jlq lwqea luq lh qcese w}lxdsdljs* Ns n }esu`q, be}ie}s l} lqce}

qnfelxe} l} ocnjie dj oljq}l` nqqebwqs lh us bnt me adsolu}niea l} w}exejqea*

>?1


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

]esqnqea Oe}qdhdonqe lh Djol}wl}nqdlj nja Mt`ny W}lxdsdljs

Lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja lu} }esqnqea mt`nys yd`` djoùae n jubme} lh w}lxdsdljs qcnq bnt cnxe qce ehheoq lh aeqe}}dji clsqdè qnfelxe}s l} ae`ntdji l} w}exejqdji

ocnjies dj oljq}l` lh lu} olbwnjt, exej nhqe} suoc qdbe ns qce scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof jl `ljie} }ew}esejq n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh lu} olbblj sqlof, djoùadji

qce hl``lydji;

• _ewn}nqe O`nss M Xlqe hl} Oe}qndj Q}njsnoqdljs* Njt q}njsnoqdlj qcnq yluà }esu`q dj n ocnjie dj oljq}l` lh lu} olbwnjt yd`` }e~ud}e qce nww}lxn` lh n bnkl}dqt lh lu} luqsqnjadji

O`nss M olbblj sqlof xlqdji ns n sewn}nqe o`nss* Qcds w}lxdsdlj oluà ae`nt l} w}exejq qce nww}lxn` lh n ocnjie dj oljq}l` qcnq bdicq lqce}ydse me nww}lxea mt n bnkl}dqt lh

luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof xlqdji qlieqce} lj n olbmdjea mnsds*

• Aun` O`nss _qlof * Ns aeso}dmea nmlxe dj ‐‑Olbblj _qlof‑Xlqdji ]dicqs,‒ lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj w}lxdaes hl} n aun` o`nss olbblj sqlof sq}uoqu}e, ycdoc

w}lxdaes Bn}f [uofe}me}i, lu} hlujae}, Ocnd}bnj, nja OEL, ydqc qce nmd`dqt ql oljq}l` qce luqolbe lh bnqqe}s }e~ud}dji sqlofclàe} nww}lxn`, exej dh ce lyjs sdijdhdonjq`t èssqcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce scn}es lh lu} luqsqnjadji O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof, djoùadji qce eèoqdlj lh ad}eoql}s nja sdijdhdonjq ol}wl}nqe q}njsnoqdljs, suoc ns n be}ie} l}

lqce} snè lh lu} olbwnjt l} dqs nsseqs*

• _uwe}bnkl}dqt Nww}lxn s* Lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja }esqnqea mt`nys al jlq w}lxdae qcnq oe}qndj nbejabejqs ql lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj l}

}esqnqea mt`nys mt sqlofclàe}s yd`` }e~ud}e qce nww}lxn` lh qyl"qcd}as lh qce olbmdjea xlqe lh lu} qcej"luqsqnjadji scn}es lh O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof* Clyexe},

ycej qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh olbblj sqlof, oe}qndj nbejabejqs ql lu} }esqnqea

oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj l} }esqnqea mt`nys mt sqlofclàe}s yd`` }e~ud}e qce nww}lxn` lh qyl"qcd}as lh qce olbmdjea xlqe lh lu} qcej"luqsqnjadji scn}es lh O`nss N nja O`nss M

olbblj sqlof* Qcds yd`` cnxe qce ehheoq lh bnfdji dq bl}e adhhdou`q ql nbeja lu} oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj l} }esqnqea mt`nys ql }eblxe l} bladht oe}qndj w}lxdsdljs*

• Mln}a lh Ad}eoql}s Xnonjodes* Lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja }esqnqea mt`nys w}lxdae qcnq sqlofclàe}s bnt hd`` xnonjq ad}eoql}scdws* Ycej qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh

lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh olbblj sqlof, lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja }esqnqea mt`nys nuqcl}d{e

lj`t lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ql hd`` xnonjq ad}eoql}scdws* Dj naadqdlj, qce jubme} lh ad}eoql}s oljsqdquqdji lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ds seq lj`t mt }eslùqdlj nalwqea mt n bnkl}dqt xlqe

lh lu} ejqd}e mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* Qcese w}lxdsdljs }esq}doqdji qce hd``dji lh xnonjodes yd`` w}exejq n sqlofclàe} h}lb djo}ensdji qce sd{e lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nja indjdji

oljq}l` lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s mt hd``dji qce }esu`qdji xnonjodes ydqc dqs lyj jlbdjees*

• O`nssdhdea Mln}a* Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s yd`` jlq djdqdn``t me o`nssdhdea* Lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja }esqnqea mt`nys w}lxdae qcnq ycej qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh

lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh olbblj sqlof, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s yd`` me o`nssdhdea djql qc}ee o`nsses lh ad}eoql}s

enoc lh ycdoc yd`` clà lhhdoe hl} n qc}ee"ten} qe}b* Dj naadqdlj, qce}enhqe}, ad}eoql}s bnt lj`t me }eblxea h}lb qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s hl} onuse* Qce edsqejoe lh n o`nssdhdea

mln}a oluà ae`nt n suooesshu` qejae} lhhe}l} h}lb lmqndjdji bnkl}dqt oljq}l` lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, nja qce w}lsweoq lh qcnq ae`nt bdicq aeqe} n wlqejqdn` lhhe}l}*

• _qlofclàe} Noqdlj6 _weodn` Beeqdji lh _qlofclàe}s* Lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj w}lxdaes qcnq sqlofclàe}s yd`` me nmè ql qnfe noqdlj mt y}dqqej oljsejq* Ycej qceluqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ew}esejq èss qcnj n bnkl}dqt lh qce olbmdjea xlqdji wlye} lh olbblj sqlof, lu} sqlofclàe}s yd`` jl `ljie} me nmè ql qnfe

noqdlj mt y}dqqej oljsejq, nja yd`` lj `t me nmè ql qnfe noqdlj nq njjun` l} sweodn` beeqdjis lh lu} sqlofclàe}s* _qlofclàe}s yd`` jlq me we}bdqqea ql oubu`nqe qced} xlqes hl} qce

eèoqdlj lh ad}eoql}s* Lu} }esqnqea mt`nys hu}qce} w}lxdae qcnq sweodn` beeqdjis lh lu} sqlofclàe}s bnt me on`èa lj`t mt n bnkl}dqt lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, qce ocnd}bnj lh lu}

mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, lu} ocdeh eeouqdxe lhhdoe} l} lu} w}esdaejq*

>?5


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• Naxnjoe Jlqdoe ]e~ud}ebejqs hl} _qlofclàe} W}lwlsn`s nja Ad}eoql} Jlbdjnqdljs* Lu} }esqnqea mt`nys w}lxdae naxnjoe jlqdoe w}loeau}es hl} sqlofclàe}s seefdji ql m}dji

musdjess mehl}e lu} njjun` beeqdji lh sqlofclàe}s, l} ql jlbdjnqe onjadanqes hl} eèoqdlj ns ad}eoql}s nq njt beeqdji lh sqlofclàe}s* Lu} }esqnqea mt`nys n`sl sweodht oe}qndj

}e~ud}ebejqs }ein}adji qce hl}b nja oljqejq lh n sqlofclàe}—s jlqdoe* Qcese w}lxdsdljs bnt w}eoùae lu} sqlofclàe}s h}lb m}djidji bnqqe}s mehl}e lu} njjun` beeqdji lh

sqlofclàe}s l} h}lb bnfdji jlbdjnqdljs hl} ad}eoql}s nq lu} beeqdjis lh sqlofclàe}s*

• Dssunjoe lh Ujaesdijnqea W}ehe}}ea _qlof* Lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s cns qce nuqcl}dqt, ydqcluq hu}qce} noqdlj mt qce sqlofclàe}s, ql dssue uw ql scn}es lh ujaesdijnqea w}ehe}}ea

sqlof ydqc }dicqs nja w}ehe}ejoes, djoùadji xlqdji }dicqs, aesdijnqea h}lb qdbe ql qdbe mt qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* Qce edsqejoe lh nuqcl}d{ea muq ujdssuea scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea

sqlof ejnmès lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ql }ejae} bl}e adhhdou`q l} ql adsolu}nie nj nqqebwq ql lmqndj oljq}l` lh us mt benjs lh n be}ie}, qejae} lhhe}, w}lt oljqesq l} lqce}ydse*

Ocldoe lh Hl}ub

Lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj yd`` w}lxdae qcnq qce Olu}q lh Ocnjoe}t lh qce _qnqe lh Ae`nyn}e yd`` me qce eoùsdxe hl}ub hl} njt ae}dxnqdxe noqdlj l} w}loeeadji m}luicq ljlu} mecn`h6 njt noqdlj nsse}qdji n m}enoc lh hdauodn}t auqt6 njt noqdlj nsse}qdji n o`ndb nindjsq us n}dsdji wu}sunjq ql qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny, lu} }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh

djol}wl}nqdlj l} lu} }esqnqea mt`nys6 l} njt noqdlj nsse}qdji n o`ndb nindjsq us qcnq ds ilxe}jea mt qce djqe}jn` nhhnd}s aloq}dje*

@dsqdji

Ye djqeja ql nww`t ql `dsq lu} olbblj sqlof lj ujae} qce stbml` ‐HM*‒

Q}njshe} Niejq nja ]eidsq}n}

Qce q}njshe} niejq nja }eidsq}n} hl} lu} olbblj sqlof ds Olbwuqe}scn}e Q}usq Olbwnjt, J*N*

>?8


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

_CN]E_ E@DIDM@E HL] HUQU]E _N@E

Mehl}e lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, qce}e cns jlq meej n wum`do bn}feq hl} scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof* Huqu}e snès lh sumsqnjqdn` nblujqs lh scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof,

djoùadji scn}es dssuea uwlj qce seqqèbejq lh ]_Us nja ee}odse lh luqsqnjadji lwqdljs, dj qce wum`do bn}feq nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, l} qce wlssdmd`dqt lh qcese snès loou}}dji, oluà

onuse qce w}exnd`dji bn}feq w}doe hl} lu} olbblj sqlof ql hn`` l} dbwnd} lu} nmd`dqt ql }ndse e~udqt onwdqn` dj qce huqu}e*

Nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ye yd`` cnxe luqsqnjadji scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof, mnsea lj qce jubme} lh scn}es

luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Qcds djoùaes scn}es qcnq ye nja qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s n}e se``dji dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ycdoc scn}es bnt me }eslà dj qce wum`do bn}feq

dbbeadnqe`t hl``lydji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, nja nssubes jl naadqdljn` ee}odse lh luqsqnjadji lwqdljs #lqce} qcnj qce ee}odse lh qce lwqdlj ceà mt B}* [uofe}me}i aeso}dmea e`seyce}e dj

qcds w}lsweoqus$* Dj naadqdlj, ye eweoq ql dssue scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof uwlj qce jeq seqqèbejq lh }esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs #]_Us$ nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs hl``lydji lu}

djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* _cn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e oljxe}qdmè djql nj e~udxnèjq jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja ieje}n``t oljxe}q djql scn}es lh lu} O`nss Nolbblj sqlof uwlj q}njshe}*

Qce scn}es lh olbblj sqlof qcnq ye}e jlq lhhe}ea nja slà dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji ns ye`` ns scn}es ujae}`tdji luqsqnjadji ]_Us yd`` me uwlj dssunjoe, ‐}esq}doqea

seou}dqdes,‒ ns qcnq qe}b ds aehdjea dj ]uè >11 ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq* Qcese }esq}doqea seou}dqdes n}e e`didmè hl} wum`do snè lj`t dh qcet n}e }eidsqe}ea ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq l} dh qcet ~un`dht

hl} nj eebwqdlj h}lb }eidsq}nqdlj ujae} ]uè >11 l} ]uè 97> ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq, ycdoc n}e subbn}d{ea me`ly*

Ns n }esu`q lh qce `lof"uw ni}eebejqs nja bn}feq sqnjalhh w}lxdsdljs aeso}dmea me`ly nja sumkeoq ql qce w}lxdsdljs lh ]uès >11 nja 97> ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq, qcese }esq}doqea

seou}dqdes yd`` me nxnd`nmè hl} snè dj qce wum`do bn}feq ns hl``lys;

• lj qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, jlje lh qcese }esq}doqea seou}dqdes yd`` me nxnd`nmè hl} snè dj qce wum`do bn}feq6

• 4> ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, scn}es ceà mt qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s lqce} qcnj B}* [uofe}me}i6

• nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, nww}ldbnqe`t scn}es ujae}`tdji jeq"seqqèa ]_Us6

• >3> ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, scn}es6

• =>> ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, scn}es ceà mt qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s6

• meidjjdji lje ten} nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, scn}es ceà mt Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea nja A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea nja qced} }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes6 nja

• meidjjdji >3 bljqcs nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, scn}es ceà mt Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea nja A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea nja qced} }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes*

Lh qce >?3,5?4,1?1 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof qcnq ye}e sumkeoq ql sqlof lwqdljs luqsqnjadji #nja jlq ceà mt B}* [uofe}me}i$ ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, lwqdljs ql wu}ocnse

>=1,313,4=1 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ye}e xesqea ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> nja qce O`nss M olbblj sqlof ujae}`tdji suoc lwqdljs yd`` me e`didmè hl} snè nww}ldbnqe`t sd bljqcs

nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus* Ye eweoq nj naadqdljn` scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql me ae`dxe}ea uwlj qce jeq seqqèbejq lh ]_Us meqyeej qce anqe qcnq ds nww}ldbnqe`t sd

bljqcs nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus nja Aeoebme} ?>, =7>=, ycdoc scn}es yluà me e`didmè hl} snè dj qce wum`do bn}feq dbbeadnqe`t hl``lydji seqqèbejq*

>?9


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

]uè >11

Dj ieje}n`, ujae} ]uè >11 ns ou}}ejq`t dj ehheoq, ljoe ye cnxe meej sumkeoq ql wum`do olbwnjt }ewl}qdji }e~ud}ebejqs hl} nq ènsq 47 ants, n we}slj ycl ds jlq aeebea ql cnxe meej lje

lh lu} nhhd`dnqes hl} wu}wlses lh qce _eou}dqdes Noq nq njt qdbe au}dji qce 47 ants w}eoeadji n snè nja ycl cns mejehdodn``t lyjea qce scn}es w}lwlsea ql me slà hl} nq ènsq sd bljqcs, djoùadji

qce clàdji we}dla lh njt w}dl} lyje} lqce} qcnj lu} nhhd`dnqes, ds ejqdqèa ql se`` qclse scn}es ydqcluq olbw`tdji ydqc qce bnjje} lh snè, xlùbe `dbdqnqdlj l} jlqdoe w}lxdsdljs lh ]uè >11,

sumkeoq ql olbw`dnjoe ydqc qce wum`do djhl}bnqdlj }e~ud}ebejqs lh ]uè >11* Dh suoc n we}slj cns mejehdodn``t lyjea qce scn}es w}lwlsea ql me slà hl} nq ènsq lje ten}, djoùadji qce clàdji

we}dla lh njt w}dl} lyje} lqce} qcnj lu} nhhd`dnqes, qcej qcnq we}slj ds ejqdqèa ql se`` qclse scn}es ydqcluq olbw`tdji ydqc njt lh qce }e~ud}ebejqs lh ]uè >11*

Dj ieje}n`, ujae} ]uè >11, ns ou}}ejq`t dj ehheoq, lu} nhhd`dnqes l} we}sljs se``dji scn}es lj mecn`h lh lu} nhhd`dnqes n}e ejqdqèa ql se`` uwlj qce ewd}nqdlj lh qce `lof"uw ni}eebejqs

aeso}dmea me`ly, ydqcdj njt qc}ee"bljqc we}dla meidjjdji 47 ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qc ds w}lsweoqus, n jubme} lh scn}es qcnq ales jlq eoeea qce i}enqe} lh;

• >% lh qce jubme} lh scn}es lh olbblj sqlof qcej luqsqnjadji, ycdoc yd`` e~un nww}ldbnqe t scn}es dbbeadnqe`t nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, l}

• qce nxe}nie yeef`t q}nadji xlùbe lh qce olbblj sqlof au}dji qce hlu} onèjan} yeefs w}eoeadji qce hd`dji lh n jlqdoe lj Hl}b >11 ydqc }esweoq ql suoc snè*

_nès ujae} ]uè >11 mt lu} nhhd dnqes l} we}sljs se``dji scn}es lj mecn`h lh lu} nhhd`dnqes n}e n`sl sumkeoq ql oe}qndj bnjje} lh snè w}lxdsdljs nja jlqdoe }e~ud}ebejqs nja ql qce

nxnd`nmd`dqt lh ou}}ejq wum`do djhl}bnqdlj nmluq us*

]uè 97>

Dj ieje}n`, ujae} ]uè 97> ns ou}}ejq`t dj ehheoq, njt lh lu} ebw`ltees, oljsu`qnjqs l} naxdsl}s ycl wu}ocnse scn}es h}lb us dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc n olbwejsnql}t sqlof l} lwqdlj w`nj l}

lqce} y}dqqej ni}eebejq dj n q}njsnoqdlj mehl}e qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji qcnq yns olbwèqea dj }e`dnjoe lj ]uè 97> nja olbw`dea ydqc qce }e~ud}ebejqs lh ]uè 97> yd``,

sumkeoq ql qce `lof"uw }esq}doqdljs aeso}dmea me`ly, me e`didmè ql }ese`` suoc scn}es 47 ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus dj }e`dnjoe lj ]uè >11, muq ydqcluq olbw`dnjoe ydqc oe}qndj

}esq}doqdljs, djoùadji qce clàdji we}dla, oljqndjea dj ]uè >11*

@lof"Uw Ni}eebejqs nja Bn}feq _qnjalhh W}lxdsdljs

Lu} lhhdoe}s, ad}eoql}s, ebw`ltees, nja sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh lu} sqlofclàe}s cnxe ni}eea ydqc qce ujae}y}dqe}s l} us, jlq ql adswlse lh njt lh lu} olbblj sqlof l} seou}dqdes oljxe}qdmè

djql l} eocnjienmè hl} scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof hl} sweodhdea we}dlas lh qdbe nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, eoewq ydqc qce w}dl} y}dqqej oljsejq lh Bl}inj _qnjèt ( Ol* @@O l} us, ns

nww`donmè* Ujae} qce qe}bs lh qced} `lof"uw ni}eebejqs ydqc qce ujae}y}dqe}s, qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s, lqce} qcnj B}* [uofe}me}i, n}e e`didmè ql se`` uw ql scn}es lh lu} olbblj

sqlof dj qce nii}einqe lj qce anqe qcnq ds 4> ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, uw ql scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof dj qce nii}einqe lj qce anqe qcnq ds >3> ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds

w}lsweoqus, nja qce }ebndjdji scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof ceà mt qceb =>> ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus* Ujae} qce qe}bs lh qced} `lof"uw ni}eebejq ydqc qce ujae}y}dqe}s, lu}ad}eoql}s, lu} eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, nja oe}qndj sqlofclàe}s jlq se``dji scn}es dj qcds lhhe}dji n}e e`didmè ql se`` scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof >3> ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus* N`` lqce}

clàe}s lh lu} olbblj sqlof, ]_Us nja lwqdljs cnxe w}exdlus`t ejqe}ea djql bn}feq sqnjalhh ni}eebejqs ydqc us jlq ql se`` l} lqce}ydse q}njshe} njt lh qced} olbblj sqlof l} seou}dqdes

oljxe}qdmè djql l} eocnjienmè hl} scn}es lh olbblj sqlof hl} n we}dla qcnq eqejas qc}luic >37 ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus* Dj naadqdlj, Bnd`*}u I}luw @dbdqea nja A_Q I`lmn`

@dbdqea nja qced} }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes cnxe ejqe}ea djql nj ni}eebejq ydqc us ql jlq se`` qced} scn}es hl} oe}qndj we}dlas lh qdbe

>?3


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

}njidji h}lb sd ql >3 bljqcs hl``lydji qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus* _ee ‐]e`nqea Wn}qt Q}njsnoqdljs‑Oljxe}sdlj Ni}eebejq‒ hl} naadqdljn` djhl}bnqdlj nmluq qcds ni}eebejq*

Dj naadqdlj, ye cnxe ni}eea ydqc lu} ujae}y}dqe}s jlq ql se`` njt scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof l} seou}dqdes oljxe}qdmè djql l} eocnjienmè hl} scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof hl} n we}dla

lh >37 ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, sumkeoq ql oe}qndj ousqlbn}t eoewqdljs* Bl}inj _qnjèt ( Ol* @@O bnt, dj qced} slè adso}eqdlj, nq njt qdbe, }eènse n`` l} njt wl}qdlj lh qce scn}es

h}lb qcese }esq}doqdljs*

_ee ‐Ujae}y}dqdji‒ hl} n bl}e olbwèqe aeso}dwqdlj lh qce `lof"uw ni}eebejqs lu} ad}eoql}s, eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s nja qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s cnxe ejqe}ea djql ydqc qce ujae}y}dqe}s*

]eidsq}nqdlj ]dicqs

Uwlj qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, oe}qndj clàe}s lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof #djoùadji suoc scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof dssunmè uwlj oljxe}sdlj lh lu}

O`nss M olbblj sqlof$ yd`` me ejqdqèa ql }dicqs ydqc }esweoq ql qce }eidsq}nqdlj lh qce snè lh qcese scn}es ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq* ]eidsq}nqdlj lh qce snè lh qcese scn}es ujae} qce _eou}dqdes

Noq yluà }esu`q dj qcese scn}es meolbdji hu``t q}nanmè ydqcluq }esq}doqdlj ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq dbbeadnqe`t uwlj qce ehheoqdxejess lh qce }eidsq}nqdlj, eoewq hl} scn}es wu}ocnsea mt

nhhd`dnqes* _ee ‐Aeso}dwqdlj lh Onwdqn` _qlof‑]eidsq}nqdlj ]dicqs‒ hl} naadqdljn` djhl}bnqdlj*

]eidsq}nqdlj _qnqebejq

Ye djqeja ql hdè n }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq lj Hl}b _"3 ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq olxe}dji n`` lh qce scn}es lh olbblj sqlof sumkeoq ql ]_Us nja lwqdljs luqsqnjadji, ns ye`` ns }ese}xea

hl} huqu}e dssunjoe, ujae} lu} sqlof w`njs* Ye eweoq ql hdè qcds }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq ns sllj ns w}noqdonmè nhqe} lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Clyexe}, jlje lh qce scn}es }eidsqe}ea lj Hl}b _"3

yd`` me e`didmè hl} }esnè ujqd` qce ewd}nqdlj lh qce `lof"uw ni}eebejqs ql ycdoc qcet n}e sumkeoq*

>?4


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

BNQE]DN@ U*_* HEAE]N@ QNS OLJ_DAE]NQDLJ_

HL] JLJ"U*_* CL@AE]_ LH O@N__ N OLBBLJ _QLOF

Qcds seoqdlj subbn}d{es qce bnqe}dn` U*_* heae}n` djolbe nja esqnqe qn oljsdae}nqdljs }e`nqdji ql qce no~udsdqdlj, lyje}scdw nja adswlsdqdlj lh lu} olbblj sqlof mt ‐jlj"U*_* clàe}s‒

#aehdjea me`ly$ wu}sunjq ql qcds lhhe}dji* Qcds subbn}t ales jlq w}lxdae n olbwèqe njn`tsds lh n`` wlqejqdn` U*_* heae}n` djolbe qn oljsdae}nqdljs }e`nqdji qce}eql* Qce djhl}bnqdlj w}lxdaea

me`ly ds mnsea uwlj w}lxdsdljs lh qce Olae, Q}ensu}t }eiu`nqdljs w}lbuìnqea qce}eujae}, nabdjdsq}nqdxe }u`djis, nja kuadodn` aeodsdljs ou}}ejq`t dj ehheoq* Qcese nuqcl}dqdes bnt ocnjie nq njt

qdbe, wlssdm`t }eq}lnoqdxe`t, l} qce Djqe}jn` ]exejue _e}xdoe #D]_$, bdicq djqe}w}eq qce edsqdji nuqcl}dqdes adhhe}ejq`t* Dj edqce} onse, qce qn oljsdae}nqdljs lh lyjdji l} adswlsdji lh lu} olbblj

sqlof oluà adhhe} h}lb qclse aeso}dmea me`ly*

Hl} wu}wlses lh qcds subbn}t, n ‐jlj"U*_* clàe}‒ ds njt clàe} lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof, lqce} qcnj n wn}qje}scdw, qcnq ds jlq;

• nj djadxdaun` ycl ds n odqd{ej l} }esdaejq lh qce Ujdqea _qnqes6

• n ol}wl}nqdlj, l} lqce} ejqdqt qnnmè ns n ol}wl}nqdlj, o}enqea l} l}injd{ea ujae} qce `nys lh qce Ujdqea _qnqes, njt sqnqe qce}edj l} qce Adsq}doq lh Olùbmdn6

• n q}usq dh dq #>$ ds sumkeoq ql qce w}dbn}t suwe}xdsdlj lh n U*_* olu}q nja lje lh bl}e U*_* we}sljs cnxe nuqcl}dqt ql oljq}l` n`` sumsqnjqdn` aeodsdljs lh qce q}usq l} #=$ cns n xn`da

eèoqdlj dj ehheoq ujae} nww`donmè U*_* Q}ensu}t }eiu`nqdljs ql me q}enqea ns n U*_* we}slj6 l}

• nj esqnqe yclse djolbe ds sumkeoq ql U*_* djolbe qn }ein}aèss lh slu}oe*

Dh tlu n}e nj djadxdaun`, tlu bnt, dj bnjt onses, me aeebea ql me n }esdaejq n`dej, ns lwwlsea ql n jlj}esdaejq n`dej, mt xd}que lh medji w}esejq dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes hl} nq ènsq ?> ants dj

qce onèjan} ten} nja hl} nj nii}einqe lh nq ènsq >3? ants au}dji n qc}ee"ten} we}dla ejadji dj qce ou}}ejq onèjan} ten}* Hl} qcese wu}wlses, n`` qce ants w}esejq dj qce ou}}ejq ten}, lje"qcd}a lh

qce ants w}esejq dj qce dbbeadnqe`t w}eoeadji ten}, nja lje"sdqc lh qce ants w}esejq dj qce seolja w}eoeadji ten} n}e olujqea* ]esdaejq n`dejs n}e sumkeoq ql U*_* heae}n` djolbe qn ns dh qcet

ye}e U*_* odqd{ejs* _uoc nj djadxdaun` ds u}iea ql oljsu`q cds l} ce} lyj qn naxdsl} }ein}adji qce U*_* heae}n` djolbe qn oljse~uejoes lh qce lyje}scdw l} adswlsdqdlj lh lu} olbblj sqlof* Dh

n wn}qje}scdw l} lqce} wnss"qc}luic ejqdqt ds n mejehdodn` lyje} lh lu} olbblj sqlof, qce qn q}enqbejq lh n wn}qje} dj qce wn}qje}scdw l} nj lyje} lh qce ejqdqt yd`` aeweja uwlj qce sqnqus lh qce

wn}qje} l} lqce} lyje} nja qce noqdxdqdes lh qce wn}qje}scdw l} lqce} ejqdqt* Njt wn}qje} dj n wn}qje}scdw l} lyje} lh n wnss"qc}luic ejqdqt clàdji scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof scluà oljsu`q dqs

lyj qn naxdsl}*

Qcds adsoussdlj nssubes qcnq n jlj"U*_* clàe} yd`` clà lu} olbblj sqlof ns n onwdqn` nsseq #ieje}n``t, w}lwe}qt ceà hl} djxesqbejq$* Qce subbn}t ieje}n``t ales jlq naa}ess qn

oljsdae}nqdljs qcnq bnt me }eèxnjq ql wn}qdou`n} djxesql}s meonuse lh qced} sweodhdo od}oubsqnjoes, l} meonuse qcet n}e sumkeoq ql sweodn` }uès, djoùadji, ydqcluq `dbdqnqdlj, dh qce djxesql} ds n

hl}be} odqd{ej l} `lji"qe}b }esdaejq lh qce Ujdqea _qnqes, ‐oljq}l`èa hl}edij ol}wl}nqdlj,‒ ‐wnssdxe hl}edij djxesqbejq olbwnjt,‒ ol}wl}nqdlj qcnq nooubu`nqes en}jdjis ql nxlda U*_* heae}n`djolbe qn, }en` esqnqe djxesqbejq q}usq, }eiu`nqea djxesqbejq olbwnjt, aenè} dj seou}dqdes l} ou}}ejodes, hdjnjodn` djsqdquqdlj, qn"eebwq ejqdqt, djsu}njoe olbwnjt, we}slj clàdji lu} olbblj

sqlof ns wn}q lh n ceaidji, djqei}nqea, oljxe}sdlj l} oljsq}uoqdxe snè q}njsnoqdlj l} n sq}naaè, q}nae} dj seou}dqdes qcnq eèoqs ql use n bn}f"ql"bn}feq beqcla lh noolujqdji, we}slj `dnmè hl} qce

n`qe}jnqdxe bdjdbub qn, we}slj ycl no~ud}ea lu} olbblj sqlof ns olbwejsnqdlj hl} se}xdoes, l} wn}qje} dj n wn}qje}scdw l} mejehdodn` lyje} lh n wnss"qc}luic ejqdqt qcnq clàs lu} olbblj

sqlof* Hdjn``t, qce subbn}t ales jlq aeso}dme qce ehheoqs lh njt nww`donmè hl}edij, sqnqe l} `lon` `nys, l}, eoewq ql qce eqejq adsoussea me`ly, qce ehheoqs lh njt nww`donmè idhq l} esqnqe qn `nys*

>17


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

DJXE_QL]_ OLJ_DAE]DJI QCE WU]OCN_E LH LU] O@N__ N OLBBLJ _QLOF _CLU@A OLJ_U@Q QCED] LYJ QNS NAXD_L]_ ]EIN]ADJI QCE

NWW@DONQDLJ LH QCE U*_* HEAE]N@ DJOLBE NJA E_QNQE QNS @NY_ QL QCED] WN]QDOU@N] _DQUNQDLJ_ NJA QCE OLJ_EÛEJOE_ LH HL]EDIJ, _QNQE L]

@LON@ @NY_, NJA QNS Q]ENQDE_*

Adxdaejas

Ye al jlq eweoq ql aeo`n}e l} wnt njt adxdaejas lj lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof dj qce hl}eseenmè huqu}e* Dh ye al wnt adxdaejas lj scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof, clyexe}, suoc

adsq}dmuqdljs yd`` oljsqdquqe adxdaejas hl} U*_* heae}n` djolbe qn wu}wlses ql qce eqejq wnda h}lb lu} ou}}ejq l} nooubu`nqea en}jdjis nja w}lhdqs, ns aeqe}bdjea ujae} U*_* heae}n` djolbe qn

w}djodwès* Adsq}dmuqdljs dj eoess lh lu} ou}}ejq nja nooubu`nqea en}jdjis nja w}lhdqs yd`` oljsqdquqe n }equ}j lh onwdqn` qcnq ds nww`dea nindjsq nja }eauoes, muq jlq me`ly {e}l, n

jlj"U*_* clàe}—s nakusqea qn mnsds dj scn}es lh lu} olbblj sqlof* Njt }ebndjdji eoess yd`` me q}enqea ns indj }en`d{ea lj qce snè l} lqce} adswlsdqdlj lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof* _ee

‐‑_nè lh O`nss N Olbblj _qlof*‒

Njt adxdaeja wnda ql n jlj"U*_* clàe} lj lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof yd`` ieje}n``t me sumkeoq ql U*_* ydqcclàdji qn nq n ?7% }nqe* Qce ydqcclàdji qn bdicq jlq nww`t, clyexe}, l}

bdicq nww`t nq n }eauoea }nqe, ujae} qce qe}bs lh nj nww`donmè djolbe qn q}enqt meqyeej qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja qce jlj"U*_* clàe}—s olujq}t lh }esdaejoe* Tlu scluà oljsu`q tlu} qn naxdsl}s

}ein}adji tlu} ejqdqèbejq ql mejehdqs ujae} n }eèxnjq djolbe qn q}enqt* Ieje}n``t, dj l}ae} hl} us l} lu} wntdji niejq ql ydqcclà qn nq n `lye} q}enqt }nqe, n jlj"U*_* clàe} busq oe}qdht dqs

ejqdqèbejq ql q}enqt mejehdqs* N jlj"U*_* clàe} ieje}n``t onj beeq qcds oe}qdhdonqdlj }e~ud}ebejq mt w}lxdadji n Hl}b Y"3MEJ #l} njt suooessl} hl}b$ l} nww}lw}dnqe sumsqdquqe hl}b ql us l}

lu} wntdji niejq* Dh qce jlj"U*_* clàe} clàs qce sqlof qc}luic n hdjnjodn` djsqdquqdlj l} lqce} niejq noqdji lj qce clàe}—s mecn`h, qce clàe} yd`` me }e~ud}ea ql w}lxdae nww}lw}dnqe

aloubejqnqdlj ql qce niejq* Qce clàe}—s niejq yd`` qcej me }e~ud}ea ql w}lxdae oe}qdhdonqdlj ql us l} lu} wntdji niejq, edqce} ad}eoq`t l} qc}luic lqce} djqe}beadn}des* Hl} wntbejqs bnae ql n

wn}qje}scdw l} lqce} wnss"qc}luic ejqdqt, qce oe}qdhdonqdlj }e~ud}ebejqs ieje}n``t nww`t ql qce wn}qje}s l} lqce} lyje}s }nqce} qcnj ql qce wn}qje}scdw l} lqce} ejqdqt, nja qce wn}qje}scdw l} lqce}

ejqdqt busq w}lxdae qce wn}qje}s— l} lqce} lyje}s— aloubejqnqdlj ql us l} lu} wntdji niejq* Dh tlu n}e e`didmè hl} n }eauoea }nqe lh U*_* heae}n` ydqcclàdji qn ujae} nj djolbe qn q}enqt, tlu

bnt lmqndj n }ehuja l} o}eadq lh njt eoess nblujqs ydqcceà mt hd`dji nj nww}lw}dnqe o`ndb hl} n }ehuja ydqc qce D]_ dj n qdbe`t bnjje}*

Adxdaejas }eoedxea mt n jlj"U*_* clàe} qcnq n}e ehheoqdxe`t oljjeoqea ydqc n U*_* q}nae l} musdjess oljauoqea mt qce jlj"U*_* clàe}, nja dh }e~ud}ea mt nj nww`donmè djolbe qn q}enqt

meqyeej qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja qce jlj"U*_* clàe}—s olujq}t lh }esdaejoe, n}e nqq}dmuqnmè ql n we}bnjejq esqnm`dscbejq bndjqndjea mt qce jlj"U*_* clàe} dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes, n}e jlq sumkeoq ql

suoc ydqcclàdji qn* Ql lmqndj qcds eebwqdlj, n jlj"U*_* clàe} busq w}lxdae us ydqc nj D]_ Hl}b Y"3EOD w}lwe}`t oe}qdhtdji suoc eebwqdlj* _uoc ehheoqdxe`t oljjeoqea adxdaejas,

n`qcluic jlq sumkeoq ql ydqcclàdji qn, n}e qnea nq qce snbe i}naunqea }nqes nww`donmè ql U*_* we}sljs, jeq lh oe}qndj aeauoqdljs nja o}eadqs* Dj naadqdlj ql qce i}naunqea qn aeso}dmea nmlxe,

adxdaejas }eoedxea mt ol}wl}nqe jlj"U*_* clàe}s qcnq n}e ehheoqdxe`t oljjeoqea ydqc n U*_* q}nae l} musdjess lh qce ol}wl}nqe jlj"U*_* clàe} bnt n`sl me sumkeoq ql n m}njoc w}lhdqs qn nq n }nqe

lh ?7% l} suoc `lye} }nqe ns bnt me sweodhdea mt nj nww`donmè qn q}enqt*

_nè lh O`nss N Olbblj _qlof

Jlj"U*_* clàe}s yd`` ieje}n``t jlq me sumkeoq ql U*_* heae}n` djolbe qn lj njt indjs }en`d{ea lj qce snè, eocnjie l} lqce} adswlsdqdlj lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ujèss;

• qce indj #>$ ds ehheoqdxe`t oljjeoqea ydqc qce oljauoq mt qce jlj"U*_* clàe} lh n U*_* q}nae l} musdjess nja #=$ dh }e~ud}ea mt nj nww`donmè djolbe qn q}enqt meqyeej qce Ujdqea

_qnqes nja qce jlj"U*_* clàe}—s olujq}t lh }esdaejoe, ds nqq}dmuqnmè ql n we}bnjejq esqnm`dscbejq #l}, dj oe}qndj onses

>1>


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

djxl`xdji djadxdaun` clàe}s, n hdea mnse$ bndjqndjea mt qce jlj"U*_* clàe} dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes #dj ycdoc onse qce sweodn` }uès aeso}dmea me`ly nww`t$6

• qce jlj"U*_* clàe} ds nj djadxdaun` ycl ds w}esejq dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes hl} >3? ants l} bl}e dj qce qnnmè ten} lh qce snè, eocnjie l} lqce} adswlsdqdlj lh lu} olbblj sqlof,

nja oe}qndj lqce} }e~ud}ebejqs n}e beq #dj ycdoc onse qce indj yluà me sumkeoq ql n h`nq ?7% qn, l} suoc }eauoea }nqe ns bnt me sweodhdea mt nj nww`donmè djolbe qn q}enqt,

ycdoc bnt me lhhseq mt U*_* slu}oe onwdqn` `lsses, exej qcluic qce djadxdaun` ds jlq oljsdae}ea n }esdaejq lh qce Ujdqea _qnqes$6 l}

• qce }uès lh qce Hl}edij Djxesqbejq dj ]en` W}lwe}qt Qn Noq #HD]WQN$ q}enq qce indj ns ehheoqdxe`t oljjeoqea ydqc n U*_* q}nae l} musdjess*

Qce HD]WQN }uès bnt nww`t ql n snè, eocnjie l} lqce} adswlsdqdlj lh lu} olbblj sqlof dh ye n}e, l} ye}e ydqcdj qce scl}qe} lh qce hdxe"ten} we}dla w}eoeadji qce adswlsdqdlj nja qce

jlj"U*_* clàe}—s clàdji we}dla, n ‐U*_* }en` w}lwe}qt clàdji ol}wl}nqdlj,‒ l} U_]WCO* Dj ieje}n`, ye yluà me n U_]WCO dh djqe}esqs dj U*_* }en` esqnqe olbw}dsea nq ènsq cn`h lh lu}

musdjess nsseqs* Ye al jlq me`dexe qcnq ye n}e n U_]WCO nja ye al jlq njqdodwnqe meolbdji lje dj qce huqu}e* Exej dh ye meolbe n U_]WCO, ns `lji ns lu} olbblj sqlof ds }eiu`n}`t q}naea

lj nj esqnm`dscea seou}dqdes bn}feq, suoc olbblj sqlof yd`` me q}enqea ns U*_* }en` w}lwe}qt djqe}esqs lj`t dh mejehdodn``t lyjea mt n jlj"U*_* clàe} qcnq noqun``t l} oljsq}uoqdxe`t lyjea bl}e

qcnj 5% lh lu} luqsqnjadji olbblj sqlof nq slbe qdbe ydqcdj qce hdxe"ten} we}dla w}eoeadji qce adswlsdqdlj*

Dh njt indj h}lb qce snè, eocnjie l} lqce} adswlsdqdlj lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof, #>$ ds ehheoqdxe`t oljjeoqea ydqc n U*_* q}nae l} musdjess oljauoqea mt n jlj"U*_* clàe} nja #=$ dh

}e~ud}ea mt nj nww`donmè djolbe qn q}enqt meqyeej qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja qce jlj"U*_* clàe}—s olujq}t lh }esdaejoe, ds nqq}dmuqnmè ql n we}bnjejq esqnm`dscbejq #l}, dj oe}qndj onses djxl`xdji

djadxdaun`s, n hdea mnse$ bndjqndjea mt suoc jlj"U*_* clàe} dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes, qcej qce indj ieje}n``t yd`` me sumkeoq ql U*_* heae}n` djolbe qn nq qce snbe i}naunqea }nqes nww`donmè ql U*_*

we}sljs, jeq lh oe}qndj aeauoqdljs nja o}eadqs* Dh qce jlj"U*_* clàe} ds n ol}wl}nqdlj, ujae} oe}qndj od}oubsqnjoes, qcnq wl}qdlj lh dqs en}jdjis nja w}lhdqs qcnq ds ehheoqdxe`t oljjeoqea ydqc dqs U*_*

q}nae l} musdjess, sumkeoq ql oe}qndj nakusqbejqs, ieje}n``t yluà me sumkeoq n`sl ql n ‐m}njoc w}lhdqs qn*‒ Qce m}njoc w}lhdqs qn }nqe ds ieje}n``t ?7%, n`qcluic nj nww`donmè djolbe qn q}enqt

meqyeej qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja qce jlj"U*_* clàe}—s olujq}t lh }esdaejoe bdicq w}lxdae hl} n `lye} }nqe*

U*_* Heae}n` Esqnqe Qn

Qce esqnqes lh jlj}esdaejq n`dej djadxdaun`s ieje}n``t n}e sumkeoq ql U*_* heae}n` esqnqe qn lj w}lwe}qt ydqc n U*_* sdqus* Meonuse ye n}e n U*_* ol}wl}nqdlj, lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof

yd`` me U*_* sdqus w}lwe}qt nja qce}ehl}e yd`` me djoùaea dj qce qnnmè esqnqe lh n jlj}esdaejq n`dej aeoeaejq, ujèss nj nww`donmè esqnqe qn q}enqt meqyeej qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja qce aeoeaejq—s

olujq}t lh }esdaejoe w}lxdaes l qce}ydse*

Mnofuw Ydqcclàdji nja Djhl}bnqdlj ]ewl}qdji

Qce Olae nja qce Q}ensu}t }eiu`nqdljs }e~ud}e qclse ycl bnfe sweodhdea wntbejqs ql }ewl}q qce wntbejqs ql qce D]_* Nblji qce sweodhdea wntbejqs n}e adxdaejas nja w}loeeas wnda mt

m}lfe}s ql qced} ousqlbe}s* Qce }e~ud}ea djhl}bnqdlj }equ}js ejnmè qce D]_ ql aeqe}bdje yceqce} qce }eodwdejq w}lwe}`t djoùaea qce wntbejqs dj djolbe* Qcds }ewl}qdji }eidbe ds }edjhl}oea mt

‐mnofuw ydqcclàdji‒ }uès* Qcese }uès }e~ud}e qce wntl}s ql ydqcclà qn h}lb wntbejqs sumkeoq ql djhl}bnqdlj }ewl}qdji dh qce }eodwdejq hnd`s ql ollwe}nqe ydqc qce }ewl}qdji }eidbe mt hnd`dji

ql w}lxdae cds qnwnte} daejqdhdonqdlj jubme} ql qce wntl}, hu}jdscdji nj djol}}eoq daejqdhdonqdlj jubme}, l} hnd`dji ql }ewl}q djqe}esq l} adxdaejas lj cds }equ}js* Qce mnofuw ydqcclàdji qn }nqe

ds ou}}ejq`t =3%* Qce mnofuw ydqcclàdji }uès al jlq nww`t ql wntbejqs ql ol}wl}nqdljs, yceqce} albesqdo l} hl}edij*

Wntbejqs ql jlj"U*_* clàe}s lh adxdaejas lj O`nss N olbblj sqlof ieje}n``t yd`` jlq me sumkeoq ql mnofuw ydqcclàdji, sl `lji ns qce jlj"U*_* clàe} oe}qdhdes dqs jlj}esdaejq sqnqus

#nja ye l} lu} wntdji niejq al jlq cnxe noqun` fjlyèaie l} }enslj ql fjly qce clàe} ds n U*_* we}slj l} qcnq qce oljadqdljs lh njt lqce} eebwqdlj n}e jlq, dj hnoq, snqdshdea$ l} lqce}ydse

esqnm`dsces nj eebwqdlj* Qce oe}qdhdonqdlj w}loeau}es ql o`ndb

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wnda ql enoc jlj"U*_* clàe} nja qce qn ydqcceà, dh njt, ydqc }esweoq ql qcese adxdaejas* Olwdes lh qcese }ewl}qs bnt me bnae nxnd`nmè ql qn nuqcl}dqdes dj qce olujq}t yce}e qce

jlj"U*_* clàe} }esdaes*

Ujae} qce Q}ensu}t }eiu`nqdljs, qce wntbejq lh w}loeeas h}lb qce adswlsdqdlj lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof mt n jlj"U*_* clàe} bnae ql l} qc}luic n U*_* lhhdoe lh n m}lfe}

ieje}n``t yd`` me sumkeoq ql djhl}bnqdlj }ewl}qdji nja mnofuw ydqcclàdji ujèss qce mejehdodn` lyje} oe}qdhdes, ujae} wejn`qdes lh we}ku}t, nblji lqce} qcdjis, dqs sqnqus ns n jlj"U*_* clàe} #nja

qce m}lfe} ales jlq cnxe noqun` fjlyèaie l} }enslj ql fjly qce clàe} ds n U*_* we}slj$ l} lqce}ydse esqnm`dsces nj eebwqdlj* Qce wntbejq lh w}loeeas h}lb qce adswlsdqdlj lh scn}es lh lu}

O`nss N olbblj sqlof mt n jlj"U*_* clàe} bnae ql l} qc}luic n jlj"U*_* lhhdoe lh n m}lfe} ieje}n``t yd`` jlq me sumkeoq ql mnofuw ydqcclàdji nja djhl}bnqdlj }ewl}qdji, eoewq ns jlqea

me`ly* Djhl}bnqdlj }ewl}qdji, muq jlq mnofuw ydqcclà dji, yd`` nww`t ql n wntbejq lh w}loeeas, exej dh qcnq wntbejq ds bnae luqsdae lh qce Ujdqea _qnqes, dh tlu se`` lu} olbblj sqlof qc}luic n

jlj"U*_* lhhdoe lh n m}lfe} qcnq ds;

• n U*_* we}slj #djoùadji n hl}edij m}njoc l} lhhdoe lh suoc we}slj$6

• n ‐oljq}l`èa hl}edij ol}wl}nqdlj‒ hl} U*_* heae}n` djolbe qn wu}wlses6

• n hl}edij we}slj 57% l} bl}e lh yclse i}lss djolbe h}lb oe}qndj we}dlas ds ehheoqdxe`t oljjeoqea ydqc n U*_* q}nae l} musdjess6 l}

• n hl}edij wn}qje}scdw dh nq njt qdbe au}dji dqs qn ten} #n$ lje l} bl}e lh dqs wn}qje}s n}e U*_* we}sljs ycl, dj qce nii}einqe, clà bl}e qcnj 57% lh qce djolbe l} onwdqn` djqe}esqs

lh qce wn}qje}scdw l} #m$ qce hl}edij wn}qje}scdw ds ejiniea dj n U*_* q}nae l} musdjess6

ujèss qce m}lfe} cns aloubejqn}t exdaejoe qcnq qce mejehdodn` lyje} ds n jlj"U*_* clàe} nja oe}qndj lqce} oljadqdljs n}e snqdshdea, l} qce mejehdodn` lyje} lqce}ydse esqnm`dsces nj eebwqdlj

#nja qce m}lfe} cns jl noqun` fjlyèaie l} }enslj ql fjly ql qce oljq}n}t$*

Mnofuw ydqcclàdji ds jlq nj naadqdljn` qn* Njt nblujqs ydqcceà h}lb n wntbejq ql n clàe} lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ujae} qce mnofuw ydqcclàdji }uès onj me o}eadqea nindjsq njt

U*_* heae}n` djolbe qn `dnmd`dqt lh qce clàe} nja bnt ejqdqè qce clàe} ql n }ehuja, w}lxdaea qcnq qce }e~ud}ea djhl}bnqdlj ds hu}jdscea ql qce D]_ dj n qdbe`t bnjje}*

]eoejq èids`nqdlj nja nabdjdsq}nqdxe iudanjoe ieje}n` t dbwlses ydqcclàdji nq n }nqe lh ?7% lj wntbejqs ql oe}qndj hl}edij ejqdqdes lh adxdaejas lj nja qce i}lss w}loeeas lh

adswlsdqdljs lh U*_* olbblj sqlof, ujèss xn}dlus U*_* djhl}bnqdlj }ewl}qdji nja aue ad`diejoe }e~ud}ebejqs #ieje}n``t }e`nqdji ql lyje}scdw mt U*_* we}sljs lh djqe}esqs dj l} noolujqs ydqc

qclse ejqdqdes$ cnxe meej snqdshdea* Qcese ydqcclàdji }e~ud}ebejqs n}e eweoqea ql me wcnsea dj hl} adxdaeja wntbejqs bnae lj l} nhqe} Knjun}t >, =7>1, nja hl} wntbejqs lh i}lss w}loeeas lh

adswlsdqdljs lh U*_* olbblj sqlof bnae lj l} nhqe} Knjun}t >, =7>5* Jlj"U*_* clàe}s scluà oljsu`q qced} qn naxdsl}s }ein}adji qce wlssdmè dbw`donqdljs lh qcds èids`nqdlj lj qced} djxesqbejq

dj lu} olbblj sqlof*

QCE W]EOEADJI AD_OU__DLJ LH U*_* HEAE]N@ QNS OLJ_DAE]NQDLJ_ D_ HL] IEJE]N@ DJHL]BNQDLJ LJ@T* DQ D_ JLQ QNS NAXDOE* ENOC

W]L_WEOQDXE DJXE_QL] _CLU@A OLJ_U@Q DQ_ LYJ QNS NAXD_L] ]EIN]ADJI QCE WN]QDOU@N] U*_* HEAE]N@, _QNQE, @LON@ NJA HL]EDIJ QNS

OLJ_EÛEJOE_ LH WU]OCN_DJI, CL@ADJI NJA AD_WL_DJI LH LU] O@N__ N OLBBLJ _QLOF, DJO@UADJI QCE OLJ_EÛEJOE_ LH NJT W]LWL_EA

OCNJIE DJ NWW@DONM@E @NY_*

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UJAE]Y]DQDJI

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@@O ds noqdji ns }ew}esejqnqdxe, cnxe sexe}n``t ni}eea ql wu}ocnse, nja ye nja qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s cnxe ni}eea ql se`` ql qceb, sexe}n``t, qce jubme} lh scn}es djadonqea me`ly;

Jnbe

Jubme} lh

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Mn}o`nts Onwdqn` Djo*

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Qlqn`;

Qce ujae}y}dqe}s nja qce }ew}esejqnqdxe n}e ol`èoqdxe`t }ehe}}ea ql ns qce ‐ujae}y}dqe}s‒ nja qce ‐}ew}esejqnqdxe,‒ }esweoqdxe`t* Qce ujae}y}dqe}s n}e lhhe}dji qce scn}es lh O`nss N

olbblj sqlof sumkeoq ql qced} nooewqnjoe lh qce scn}es h}lb us nja sumkeoq ql w}dl} snè* Qce ujae}y}dqdji ni}eebejq w}lxdaes qcnq qce lm`dinqdljs lh qce sexe}n` ujae}y}dqe}s ql wnt hl} nja

nooewq ae`dxe}t lh qce scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof lhhe}ea mt qcds w}lsweoqus n}e sumkeoq ql qce nww}lxn` lh oe}qndj èin` bnqqe}s mt qced} olujse` nja ql oe}qndj lqce} oljadqdljs* Qce

ujae}y}dqe}s n}e lm`dinqea ql qnfe nja wnt hl} n`` lh qce scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof lhhe}ea mt qcds w}lsweoqus dh njt suoc scn}es n}e qnfej* Clyexe}, qce ujae}y}dqe}s n}e jlq }e~ud}ea ql qnfe

l} wnt hl} qce scn}es olxe}ea mt qce ujae}y}dqe}s— lxe}"n``lqbejq lwqdlj aeso}dmea me`ly* Dh nj ujae}y}dqe} aehnu`qs, qce ujae}y}dqdji ni}eebejq w}lxdaes qcnq qce wu}ocnse olbbdqbejqs lh qce

jlj"aehnu`qdji ujae}y}dqe}s bnt me djo}ensea*

Qce ujae}y}dqe}s djdqdn``t w}lwlse ql lhhe} wn}q lh qce scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ad}eoq`t ql qce wum`do nq qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe `dsqea lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus

nja wn}q ql oe}qndj aen e}s nq n w}doe qcnq }ew}esejqs n oljoessdlj jlq dj eoess lh ! n scn}e ujae} qce wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe* Nhqe} qce djdqdn` lhhe}dji lh qce scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof,

qce lhhe}dji w}doe nja lqce} se``dji qe}bs bnt h}lb qdbe ql qdbe me xn}dea mt qce }ew}esejqnqdxe*

Ye nja qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s cnxe i}njqea ql qce ujae}y}dqe}s nj lwqdlj, ee}odsnmè hl} ?7 ants h}lb qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus, ql wu}ocnse uw ql naadqdljn` scn}es lh

olbblj sqlof nq qce wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe `dsqea lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}lsweoqus, èss ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs* Qce ujae}y}dqe}s bnt ee}odse qcds lwqdlj slè`t hl} qcewu}wlse lh olxe}dji lxe}"n``lqbejqs, dh njt, bnae dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce lhhe}dji lh qce scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof lhhe}ea mt qcds w}lsweoqus* Ql qce eqejq qce lwqdlj ds ee}odsea, enoc

ujae}y}dqe} yd`` meolbe lm`dinqea, sumkeoq ql oe}qndj oljadqdljs, ql wu}ocnse nmluq qce snbe we}oejqnie lh qce naadqdljn` scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ns qce jubme} `dsqea jeq ql qce

ujae}y}dqe}—s jnbe dj qce w}eoeadji qnmè men}s ql qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof `dsqea jeq ql qce jnbes lh n`` ujae}y}dqe}s dj qce w}eoeadji qnmè*

>11


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nblujqs n}e sclyj nssubdji mlqc jl ee}odse nja hu`` ee}odse lh qce ujae}y}dqe}s— lwqdlj ql wu}ocnse uw ql nj naadqdljn` scn}es lh olbblj sqlof*

Qlqn`

We} _cn}e Jl Ee}odse Hu`` Ee}odse

Wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe ! ! !

Ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs ql me wnda mt;

Us ! ! !

Qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s ! ! !

W}loeeas, mehl}e ewejses, ql us ! ! !

W}loeeas, mehl}e ewejses, ql qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s ! ! !

Qce ujae}y}dqe}s cnxe ni}eea ql }edbmu}se us hl} oe}qndj ewejses dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Qce esqdbnqea lhhe}dji ewejses wntnmè mt us, eoùsdxe lh qce

ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs, n}e nww}ldbnqe`t ! bd``dlj, ycdoc djoùaes èin`, noolujqdji, nja w}djqdji olsqs nja xn}dlus lqce} hees nsslodnqea ydqc qce }eidsq}nqdlj nja

`dsqdji lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof*

Qce ujae}y}dqe}s cnxe djhl}bea us qcnq qcet al jlq djqeja snès ql adso}eqdljn}t noolujqs ql eoeea 5% lh qce qlqn` jubme} lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof lhhe}ea mt qceb*

Ye djqeja ql nww`t ql cnxe lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ~ulqea lj ujae} qce q}nadji stbml` ‐HM*‒

Ye, n`` lh lu} ad}eoql}s nja eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, nja qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s cnxe ni}eea qcnq, ydqcluq qce w}dl} y}dqqej oljsejq lh Bl}inj _qnjèt ( Ol* @@O lj mecn`h lh qce

ujae}y}dqe}s, ye nja qcet yd`` jlq, au}dji sweodhdea we}dlas lh qdbe nhqe} qce anqe lh qcds w}lsweoqus;

• lhhe}, wèaie, se``, oljq}noq ql se``, se`` njt lwqdlj l} oljq}noq ql wu}ocnse, wu}ocnse njt lwqdlj l} oljq}noq ql se``, i}njq njt lwqdlj, }dicq l} yn}}njq ql wu}ocnse èja l} lqce}ydse

q}njshe} l} adswlse lh, ad}eoq`t l} djad}eoq`t, njt scn}es lh olbblj sqlof l} lqce} seou}dqdes oljxe}qdmè djql l} ee}odsnmè l} eocnjienmè hl} olbblj sqlof6

• ejqe} djql njt synw l} lqce} n}}njiebejq qcnq q}njshe}s ql njlqce}, dj yclè l} dj wn}q, njt lh qce eoljlbdo oljse~uejoes lh lyje}scdw lh qce olbblj sqlof6 l}

• bnfe n aebnja hl}, l} dj lu} onse hdè, n }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq ydqc qce _EO }e`nqdji ql qce lhhe}dji lh njt scn}es lh olbblj sqlof l} njt seou}dqdes oljxe}qdmè djql l}

ee}odsnmè l} eocnjienmè hl} olbblj sqlof*

Qce }esq}doqdljs aeso}dmea dj qce dbbeadnqe`t w}eoeadji wn}ni}nwc n}e sumkeoq ql ousqlbn}t eoewqdljs*

Dj l}ae} ql hnod`dqnqe lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji lh qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof, qce ujae}y}dqe}s bnt ejinie dj q}njsnoqdljs qcnq sqnmd`d{e, bndjqndj l} lqce}ydse nhheoq qce w}doe lh qce

O`nss N olbblj sqlof* _weodhdon``t, qce ujae}y}dqe}s bnt se`` bl}e scn}es qcnj qcet n}e lm`dinqea ql wu}ocnse ujae} qce ujae}y}dqdji ni}eebejq, o}enqdji n scl}q wlsdqdlj* N scl}q snè ds olxe}ea

dh qce scl}q wlsdqdlj ds jl i}enqe} qcnj qce jubme} lh scn}es nxnd`nmè hl} wu}ocnse mt qce ujae}y}dqe}s ujae} qce lxe}"n``lqbejq lwqdlj* Qce ujae}y}dqe}s onj o`lse luq n olxe}ea scl}q snè mt

ee}odsdji qce lxe}"n``lqbejq lwqdlj l} wu}ocnsdji scn}es dj qce lwej bn}feq* Dj aeqe}bdjdji qce slu}oe lh scn}es ql o`lse luq n olxe}ea scl}q snè, qce ujae}y}dqe}s yd`` oljsdae}, nblji lqce}

qcdjis, qce lwej bn}feq w}doe lh scn}es olbwn}ea ql qce w}doe nxnd`nmè ujae} qce lxe}"n``lqbejq lwqdlj* Qce ujae}y}dqe}s bnt n`sl se`` scn}es dj eoess lh qce lxe}"n``lqbejq lwqdlj, o}enqdji n

jnfea scl}q wlsdqdlj* Qce

>15


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

ujae}y}dqe}s busq o`lse luq njt jnfea scl}q wlsdqdlj mt wu}ocnsdji scn}es dj qce lwej bn}feq* N jnfea scl}q wlsdqdlj ds bl}e `dfe`t ql me o}enqea dh qce ujae}y}dqe}s n}e oljoe}jea qcnq qce}e bnt

me alyjyn}a w}essu}e lj qce w}doe lh qce olbblj sqlof dj qce lwej bn}feq nhqe} w}dodji qcnq oluà naxe}se`t nhheoq djxesql}s ycl wu}ocnse dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Ns nj naadqdljn` benjs

lh hnod`dqnqdji lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, qce ujae}y}dqe}s bnt mda hl}, nja wu}ocnse, scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof dj qce lwej bn}feq* Qce ujae}y}dqdji stjadonqe n`sl bnt }eo`ndb se``dji

oljoessdljs n``lyea ql nj ujae}y}dqe} l} n aenè} hl} adsq}dmuqdji qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof dj qce lhhe}dji, dh qce stjadonqe }ewu}ocnses w}exdlus`t adsq}dmuqea O`nss N olbblj sqlof ql olxe}

stjadonqe scl}q wlsdqdljs l} ql sqnmd`d{e qce w}doe lh qce olbblj sqlof* Qcese noqdxdqdes bnt }ndse l} bndjqndj qce bn}feq w}doe lh qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof nmlxe djaewejaejq bn}feq èxe`s l}

w}exejq l} }eqn}a n aeo`dje dj qce bn}feq w}doe lh qce olbblj sqlof* Qce ujae}y}dqe}s n}e jlq }e~ud}ea ql ejinie dj qcese noqdxdqdes nja bnt eja njt lh qcese noqdxdqdes nq njt qdbe*

Ye, qce se``dji sqlofclàe}s, nja qce ujae}y}dqe}s cnxe ni}eea ql djaebjdht enoc lqce} nindjsq oe}qndj `dnmd`dqdes, djoùadji `dnmd`dqdes ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq*

N w}lsweoqus dj eèoq}ljdo hl}bnq bnt me bnae nxnd`nmè lj yemsdqes bndjqndjea mt lje l} bl}e ujae}y}dqe}s, l} se``dji i}luw bebme}s, dh njt, wn}qdodwnqdji dj lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

Qce }ew}esejqnqdxe bnt ni}ee ql n``lonqe n jubme} lh scn}es lh olbblj sqlof ql ujae}y}dqe}s hl} snè ql qced} lj`dje m}lfe}nie noolujq clàe}s* Djqe}jeq adsq}dmuqdljs yd`` me n``lonqea mt qce}ew}esejqnqdxe ql ujae}y}dqe}s qcnq bnt bnfe Djqe}jeq adsq}dmuqdljs lj qce snbe mnsds ns lqce} n``lonqdljs*

Qce ujae}y}dqe}s nja qced} }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes n}e hu`` se}xdoe hdjnjodn` djsqdquqdljs ejiniea dj xn}dlus noqdxdqdes, ycdoc bnt djoùae seou}dqdes q}nadji, olbbe}odn` nja djxesqbejq

mnjfdji, hdjnjodn` naxdsl}t, djxesqbejq bnjniebejq, w}djodwn` djxesqbejq, ceaidji, hdjnjodji nja m}lfe}nie noqdxdqdes* Oe}qndj lh qce ujae}y}dqe}s nja qced} }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes cnxe, h}lb qdbe

ql qdbe, we}hl}bea, nja bnt dj qce huqu}e we}hl}b, xn}dlus hdjnjodn` naxdsl}t nja djxesqbejq mnjfdji se}xdoes hl} us, hl} ycdoc qcet }eoedxea l} yd`` }eoedxe ousqlbn}t hees nja ewejses*

Dj =7>7 nja =7>>, oe}qndj ejqdqdes nhhd`dnqea ydqc Bl}inj _qnjèt ( Ol* @@O wu}ocnsea scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof h}lb oe}qndj edsqdji sqlofclàe}s* Dj naadqdlj, E}sfdje M*

Mlyès, n bebme} lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, n`sl se}xes ns n bebme} lh qce mln}a lh ad}eoql}s lh Bl}inj _qnjèt*

Dj Hem}un}t =7>>, ye ejqe}ea djql n o}eadq ni}eebejq ydqc hdxe èjae}s, djoùadji nhhd`dnqes lh Bl}inj _qnjèt ( Ol* @@O, K*W* Bl}inj _eou}dqdes @@O, Ilàbnj, _nocs ( Ol*, Be}}d``

@tjoc, Wde}oe, Hejje} ( _bdqc Djol}wl}nqea, nja Mn}o`nts Onwdqn` Djo*, ql ml}}ly uw ql !>,577 bd``dlj dj }exl`xdji `lnjs* Dj _ewqebme} =7>>, qce o}eadq ni}eebejq yns nbejaea ql djo}ense qce

ml}}lydji onwnodqt ql !=,577 bd``dlj* Wu}sunjq ql qce qe}bs lh qce o}eadq ni}eebejq, ns nbejaea, ye n}e }e~ud}ea ql wnt ljildji olbbdqbejq hees lh 7*>5% lh qce ujusea olbbdqbejq we} ten}*

Qce djqe}esq }nqe hl} qce o}eadq hnod`dqt ds aeqe}bdjea mnsea lj n hl}bu`n usdji oe}qndj bn}feq }nqes, ns aeso}dmea dj qce o}eadq ni}eebejq*

Dj Aeoebme} =7>7 nja Knjun}t =7>>, nhhd`dnqes lh Ilàbnj, _nocs ( Ol*, lje lh qce ujae}y}dqe}s, wu}ocnsea nj nii}einqe lh 84,511,?8? scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof hl} nj

nii}einqe wu}ocnse w}doe lh !>,157 bd``dlj* Ns wn}q lh qce q}njsnoqdlj, qce nhhd`dnqes ejqe}ea djql qce _dqc Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Djxesql}s— ]dicqs Ni}eebejq* Wu}sunjq ql qce wu}ocnse

ni}eebejq, lje lh qce nhhd`dnqes cna nj lwqdlj ql se`` ?,549,>== scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ql A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea nq qce snbe w}doe, nja lj qce snbe qe}bs, seq hl}qc dj qce wu}ocnse

ni}eebejq* Qce nhhd`dnqe ee}odsea dqs lwqdlj dj Knjun}t =7>>*

Dj qce l}adjn}t olu}se lh qced} xn}dlus musdjess noqdxdqdes, qce ujae}y}dqe}s nja qced} }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes bnt bnfe l} clà n m}lna n}}nt lh djxesqbejqs nja noqdxe`t q}nae aemq nja e~udqt

seou}dqdes #l} }e`nqea ae}dxnqdxe seou}dqdes$ nja hdjnjodn` djsq}ubejqs #djoùadji mnjf `lnjs$ hl} qced} lyj noolujq nja hl} qce noolujqs lh qced} ousqlbe}s nja bnt nq njt qdbe clà `lji nja scl}q

wlsdqdljs dj suoc seou}dqdes nja djsq}ubejqs* _uoc djxesqbejq nja seou}dqdes noqdxdqdes bnt djxl`xe lu} seou}dqdes nja djsq}ubejqs* Qce ujae}y}dqe}s nja qced} }esweoqdxe nhhd`dnqes bnt n`sl bnfe

djxesqbejq }eolbbejanqdljs l} wum`dsc l} ew}ess djaewejaejq }esen}oc xdeys dj

>18


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

}esweoq lh suoc seou}dqdes l} djsq}ubejqs nja bnt nq njt qdbe clà, l} }eolbbeja ql o`dejqs qcnq qcet no~ud}e, `lji l} scl}q wlsdqdljs dj suoc seou}dqdes nja djsq}ubejqs*

W}dodji lh qce Lhhe}dji

W}dl} ql lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, qce}e cns meej jl wum`do bn}feq hl} lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof* Qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe yd`` me aeqe}bdjea mt jeilqdnqdljs nblji us, qce

se``dji sqlofclàe}s, nja qce }ew}esejqnqdxe lh qce ujae}y}dqe}s* Nblji qce hnoql}s oljsdae}ea dj aeqe}bdjdji qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe ye}e lu} huqu}e w}lsweoqs nja qclse lh lu} djausq}t

dj ieje}n`, lu} snès, en}jdjis nja oe}qndj lqce} hdjnjodn` nja lwe}nqdji djhl}bnqdlj dj }eoejq we}dlas, nja qce w}doe"en}jdjis }nqdls, w}doe"snès }nqdls, bn}feq w}does lh seou}dqdes, nja oe}qndj

hdjnjodn` nja lwe}nqdji djhl}bnqdlj lh olbwnjdes ejiniea dj noqdxdqdes sdbd`n} ql lu}s* Qce esqdbnqea djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe }njie seq hl}qc lj qce olxe} wnie lh qcds w}e`dbdjn}t w}lsweoqus

ds sumkeoq ql ocnjie ns n }esu`q lh bn}feq oljadqdljs nja lqce} hnoql}s* Jedqce} ye jl} qce ujae}y}dqe}s onj nssu}e djxesql}s qcnq nj noqdxe q}nadji bn}feq hl} qce scn}es yd`` aexe`lw, l} qcnq nhqe}

qce lhhe}dji qce scn}es yd`` q}nae dj qce wum`do bn}feq nq l} nmlxe qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe*

_e``dji ]esq}doqdljs

Eu}lwenj Eoljlbdo N}en

Dj }e`nqdlj ql enoc Bebme} _qnqe lh qce Eu}lwenj Eoljlbdo N}en ycdoc cns dbwèbejqea qce W}lsweoqus Ad}eoqdxe, ydqc ehheoq h}lb nja djoùadji qce anqe lj ycdoc qce W}lsweoqus

Ad}eoqdxe ds dbwèbejqea dj qcnq Bebme} _qnqe, nj lhhe} lh seou}dqdes bnt jlq me bnae ql qce wum`do dj qcnq Bebme} _qnqe, lqce} qcnj;

#n$ ql njt èin` ejqdqt qcnq ds n ~un`dhdea djxesql} ns aehdjea dj qce W}lsweoqus Ad}eoqdxe6

#m$ ql heye} qcnj >77 l}, dh qcnq Bebme} _qnqe cns dbwèbejqea qce }eèxnjq w}lxdsdlj lh qce =7>7 WA Nbejadji Ad}eoqdxe, >57 jnqu}n` l} èin` we}sljs #lqce} qcnj ‐~un`dhdea djxesql}s‒

ns aehdjea dj qce W}lsweoqus Ad}eoqdxe$ sumkeoq ql lmqndjdji qce w}dl} oljsejq lh qce }ew}esejqnqdxe6 l}

#o$ dj njt lqce} od}oubsqnjoes qcnq al jlq }e~ud}e qce wum`donqdlj lh n w}lsweoqus wu}sunjq ql N}qdoè ? lh qce W}lsweoqus Ad}eoqdxe6

w}lxdaea qcnq jl suoc lhhe} lh seou}dqdes scn`` }e~ud}e us l} njt ujae}y}dqe} ql wum`dsc n w}lsweoqus wu}sunjq ql N}qdoè ? lh qce W}lsweoqus Ad}eoqdxe*

Hl} qce wu}wlses lh qce nmlxe, qce ew}essdlj nj ‐lhhe} lh seou}dqdes ql qce wum`do‒ dj }e`nqdlj ql njt seou}dqdes dj njt Bebme} _qnqe benjs qce olbbujdonqdlj dj njt hl}b nja mt njt

benjs lh suhhdodejq djhl}bnqdlj lj qce qe}bs lh qce lhhe} nja qce seou}dqdes ql me lhhe}ea sl ns ql ejnmè nj djxesql} ql aeodae ql wu}ocnse l} sumso}dme hl} qce seou}dqdes, ns qce snbe bnt me xn}dea

dj qcnq Bebme} _qnqe mt njt bensu}e dbwèbejqdji qce W}lsweoqus Ad}eoqdxe dj qcnq Bebme} _qnqe #nja nbejabejqs qce}eql, djoùadji qce =7>7 WA Nbejadji Ad}eoqdxe, ql qce eqejq

dbwèbejqea dj qcnq Bebme} _qnqe$, nja qce ew}essdlj ‐W}lsweoqus Ad}eoqdxe‒ benjs Ad}eoqdxe =77?9>EO nja djoùaes njt }eèxnjq dbwèbejqdji bensu}e dj qcnq Bebme} _qnqe, nja qce

ew}essdlj ‐=7>7 WA Nbejadji Ad}eoqdxe‒ benjs Ad}eoqdxe =7>79?EU*

Ujdqea Fdjialb

Qcds w}lsweoqus nja njt lqce} bnqe}dn` dj }e`nqdlj ql qce scn}es aeso}dmea ce}edj ds lj`t medji adsq}dmuqea ql, nja ds lj`t ad}eoqea nq, we}sljs dj qce Ujdqea Fdjialb qcnq n}e ~un`dhdea

djxesql}s ydqcdj qce benjdji lh N}qdoè =#>$#e$ lh qce W}lsweoqdxe Ad}eoqdxe #‐~un`dhdea djxesql}s‒$ qcnq n`sl #d$ cnxe w}lhessdljn` ewe}dejoe dj bnqqe}s }e`nqdji ql djxesqbejqs hn``dji ydqcdj

N}qdoè >4#5$ lh qce Hdjnjodn` _e}xdoes nja Bn}feqs Noq =777 #Hdjnjodn` W}lblqdlj$ L}ae} =775, ns nbejaea, l} qce L}ae}, #dd$ ycl hn`` ydqcdj N}qdoè 14#=$#n$ ql #a$ lh qce L}ae} l} #ddd$ ql yclb

dq bnt lqce}ydse `nyhu``t me olbbujdonqea #n`` suoc we}sljs qlieqce} medji }ehe}}ea ql ns ‐}eèxnjq we}sljs‒$* Qce scn}es n}e lj`t nxnd`nmè ql, nja njt djxdqnqdlj, lhhe} l} ni}eebejq ql wu}ocnse

l}

>19


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

lqce}ydse no~ud}e suoc scn}es yd`` me ejiniea dj lj`t ydqc, }eèxnjq we}sljs* Qcds w}lsweoqus nja dqs oljqejqs n}e oljhdaejqdn` nja scluà jlq me adsq}dmuqea, wum`dscea l} }ew}lauoea #dj yclè l}

dj wn}q$ l} adso`lsea mt }eodwdejqs ql njt lqce} we}slj dj qce Ujdqea Fdjialb* Njt we}slj dj qce Ujdqea Fdjialb qcnq ds jlq n }eèxnjq we}slj scluà jlq noq l} }e`t lj qcds w}lsweoqus l} njt lh

dqs oljqejqs*

Clji Flji

Qce scn}es bnt jlq me lhhe}ea l} slà mt benjs lh njt aloubejq lqce} qcnj #d$ dj od}oubsqnjoes ycdoc al jlq oljsqdquqe nj lhhe} ql qce wum`do ydqcdj qce benjdji lh qce Olbwnjdes

L}adjnjoe #Onw*?=, @nys lh Clji Flji$, l} #dd$ ql ‐w}lhessdljn` djxesql}s‒ ydqcdj qce benjdji lh qce _eou}dqdes nja Huqu}es L}adjnjoe #Onw*59>, @nys lh Clji Flji$ nja njt }uès bnae

qce}eujae}, l} #ddd$ dj lqce} od}oubsqnjoes ycdoc al jlq }esu`q dj qce aloubejq medji n ‐w}lsweoqus‒ ydqcdj qce benjdji lh qce Olbwnjdes L}adjnjoe #Onw*?=, @nys lh Clji Flji$, nja jl

naxe}qdsebejq, djxdqnqdlj l} aloubejq }e`nqdji ql qce scn}es bnt me dssuea l} bnt me dj qce wlssessdlj lh njt we}slj hl} qce wu}wlse lh dssue #dj enoc onse yceqce} dj Clji Flji l} e`seyce}e$,

ycdoc ds ad}eoqea nq, l} qce oljqejqs lh ycdoc n}e `dfe`t ql me nooessea l} }ena mt, qce wum`do dj Clji Flji #eoewq dh we}bdqqea ql al sl ujae} qce `nys lh Clji Flji$ lqce} qcnj ydqc }esweoq qlscn}es ycdoc n}e l} n}e djqejaea ql me adswlsea lh lj`t ql we}sljs luqsdae Clji Flji l} lj`t ql ‐w}lhessdljn` djxesql}s‒ ydqcdj qce benjdji lh qce _eou}dqdes nja Huqu}es L}adjnjoe #Onw*59>

@nys lh Clji Flji$ nja njt }uès bnae qce}eujae}*

_djinwl}e

Qcds w}lsweoqus cns jlq meej }eidsqe}ea ns n w}lsweoqus ydqc qce Bljeqn}t Nuqcl}dqt lh _djinwl}e* Nool}adji`t, qcds w}lsweoqus nja njt lqce} aloubejq l} bnqe}dn` dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc

qce lhhe} l} snè, l} djxdqnqdlj hl} sumso}dwqdlj l} wu}ocnse, lh qce scn}es bnt jlq me od}ou`nqea l} adsq}dmuqea, jl} bnt qce scn}es me lhhe}ea l} slà, l} me bnae qce sumkeoq lh nj djxdqnqdlj hl}

sumso}dwqdlj l} wu}ocnse, yceqce} ad}eoq`t l} djad}eoq`t, ql we}sljs dj _djinwl}e lqce} qcnj #d$ ql nj djsqdquqdljn` djxesql} ujae} _eoqdlj =91 lh qce _eou}dqdes nja Huqu}es Noq, Ocnwqe} =34 lh

_djinwl}e #_HN$, #dd$ ql n }eèxnjq we}slj, l} njt we}slj wu}sunjq ql _eoqdlj =95#>N$, nja dj nool}anjoe ydqc qce oljadqdljs, sweodhdea dj _eoqdlj =95 lh qce _HN l} #ddd$ lqce}ydse wu}sunjq ql,

nja dj nool}anjoe ydqc qce oljadqdljs lh, njt lqce} nww`donmè w}lxdsdlj lh qce _HN*

Yce}e qce scn}es n}e sumso}dmea l} wu}ocnsea ujae} _eoqdlj =95 mt n }eèxnjq we}slj ycdoc ds; #n$ n ol}wl}nqdlj #ycdoc ds jlq nj noo}eadqea djxesql}$ qce slè musdjess lh ycdoc ds ql clà

djxesqbejqs nja qce ejqd}e scn}e onwdqn` lh ycdoc ds lyjea mt lje l} bl}e djadxdaun`s, enoc lh yclb ds nj noo}eadqea djxesql}6 l} #m$ n q}usq #yce}e qce q}usqee ds jlq nj noo}eadqea djxesql}$

yclse slè wu}wlse ds ql clà djxesqbejqs nja enoc mejehdodn}t ds nj noo}eadqea djxesql}, scn}es, aemejqu}es nja ujdqs lh scn}es nja aemejqu}es lh qcnq ol}wl}nqdlj l} qce mejehdodn}des— }dicqs nja

djqe}esq dj qcnq q}usq scn`` jlq me q}njshe}nmè hl} sd bljqcs nhqe} qcnq ol}wl}nqdlj l} qcnq q}usq cns no~ud}ea qce scn}es ujae} _eoqdlj =95 eoewq; #>$ ql nj djsqdquqdljn` djxesql} ujae} _eoqdlj =91

lh qce _HN l} ql n }eèxnjq we}slj, l} njt we}slj wu}sunjq ql _eoqdlj =95#>N$, nja dj nool}anjoe ydqc qce oljadqdljs, sweodhdea dj _eoqdlj =95 lh qce _HN6 #=$ yce}e jl oljsdae}nqdlj ds idxej hl}

qce q}njshe}6 l} #?$ mt lwe}nqdlj lh `ny*

Knwnj

Qce seou}dqdes cnxe jlq meej nja yd`` jlq me }eidsqe}ea ujae} qce Hdjnjodn` Djsq}ubejqs nja Eocnjie @ny lh Knwnj #qce Hdjnjodn` Djsq}ubejqs nja Eocnjie @ny$ nja bnt jlq me lhhe}ea

l} slà, ad}eoq`t l} djad}eoq`t, dj Knwnj l} ql, l} hl} qce mejehdq lh, njt }esdaejq lh Knwnj #ycdoc qe}b ns usea ce}edj benjs njt we}slj }esdaejq dj Knwnj, djoùadji njt ol}wl}nqdlj l} lqce} ejqdqt

l}injd{ea ujae} qce `nys lh Knwnj$, l} ql lqce}s hl} }e"lhhe}dji l} }esnè, ad}eoq`t l} djad}eoq`t, dj Knwnj l} ql n }esdaejq lh Knwnj, eoewq wu}sunjq ql nj eebwqdlj h}lb qce }eidsq}nqdlj

}e~ud}ebejqs lh, nja lqce}ydse dj olbw`dnjoe ydqc, qce Hdjnjodn` Djsq}ubejqs nja Eocnjie @ny nja njt lqce} nww`donmè `nys, }eiu`nqdljs nja bdjdsqe}dn` iudae`djes lh Knwnj*

>13


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Jlqdoe ql W}lsweoqdxe Djxesql}s dj _ydq{e}`nja

Qce scn}es bnt jlq me wum`do`t lhhe}ea dj _ydq{e}`nja nja yd`` jlq me `dsqea lj qce _DS _ydss Eocnjie #_DS$ l} lj njt lqce} sqlof eocnjie l} }eiu`nqea q}nadji hnod`dqt dj _ydq{e}`nja*

Qcds aloubejq cns meej w}ewn}ea ydqcluq }ein}a ql qce adso`lsu}e sqnjan}as hl} dssunjoe w}lsweoquses ujae} n}q* 85=n l} n}q* >>58 lh qce _ydss Olae lh Lm`dinqdljs l} qce adso`lsu}e sqnjan}as hl}

`dsqdji w}lsweoquses ujae} n}q* =9 hh* lh qce _DS @dsqdji ]uès l} qce `dsqdji }uès lh njt lqce} sqlof eocnjie l} }eiu`nqea q}nadji hnod`dqt dj _ydq{e}`nja* Jedqce} qcds aloubejq jl} njt lqce}

lhhe}dji l} bn}feqdji bnqe}dn` }e`nqdji ql qce scn}es l} qce lhhe}dji bnt me wum`do`t adsq}dmuqea l} lqce}ydse bnae wum`do`t nxnd`nmè dj _ydq{e}`nja*

Jedqce} qcds aloubejq jl} njt lqce} lhhe}dji l} bn}feqdji bnqe}dn` }e`nqdji ql qce lhhe}dji, qce Olbwnjt, l} qce scn}es cnxe meej l} yd`` me hdèa ydqc l} nww}lxea mt njt _ydss

}eiu`nql}t nuqcl}dqt* Dj wn}qdou`n}, qcds aloubejq yd`` jlq me hdèa ydqc, nja qce lhhe} lh scn}es yd`` jlq me suwe}xdsea mt, qce _ydss Hdjnjodn` Bn}feq _uwe}xdsl}t Nuqcl}dqt HDJBN #HDJBN$, nja

qce lhhe} lh scn}es cns jlq meej nja yd`` jlq me nuqcl}d{ea ujae} qce _ydss Heae}n` Noq lj Ol`èoqdxe Djxesqbejq _ocebes #OD_N$* Qce djxesql} w}lqeoqdlj nhhl}aea ql no~ud}e}s lh djqe}esqs dj

ol`èoqdxe djxesqbejq socebes ujae} qce OD_N ales jlq eqeja ql no~ud}e}s lh qce scn}es*

Jlqdoe ql W}lsweoqdxe Djxesql}s dj qce Aumnd Djqe}jnqdljn` Hdjnjodn` Oejq}e

Qcds w}lsweoqus }e`nqes ql nj Eebwq Lhhe} dj nool}anjoe ydqc qce Lhhe}ea _eou}dqdes ]uès lh qce Aumnd Hdjnjodn` _e}xdoes Nuqcl}dqt #AH_N$* Qcds w}lsweoqus ds djqejaea hl} adsq}dmuqdlj

lj`t ql we}sljs lh n qtwe sweodhdea dj qce Lhhe}ea _eou}dqdes ]uès lh qce AH_N* Dq busq jlq me ae`dxe}ea ql, l} }e`dea lj mt, njt lqce} we}slj* Qce AH_N cns jl }eswljsdmd`dqt hl} }exdeydji l}

xe}dhtdji njt aloubejqs dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc Eebwq Lhhe}s* Qce AH_N cns jlq nww}lxea qcds w}lsweoqus jl} qnfej sqews ql xe}dht qce djhl}bnqdlj seq hl}qc ce}edj nja cns jl }eswljsdmd`dqt hl} qce

w}lsweoqus* Qce scn}es ql ycdoc qcds w}lsweoqus }e`nqes bnt me d``d~uda njal} sumkeoq ql }esq}doqdljs lj qced} }esnè* W}lsweoqdxe wu}ocnse}s lh qce scn}es lhhe}ea scluà oljauoq qced} lyj aue

ad`diejoe lj qce scn}es* Dh tlu al jlq ujae}sqnja qce oljqejqs lh qcds w}lsweoqus tlu scluà oljsu`q nj nuqcl}d{ea hdjnjodn` naxdsl}*

>14


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

@EIN@ BNQQE]_

Qce xn`dadqt lh qce scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof lhhe}ea ce}emt yd`` me wnssea uwlj hl} us mt Hejydof ( Yesq @@W, Blujqndj Xdey, On`dhl}jdn* _dbwslj Qcnoce} ( Mn}qèqq @@W,

Wn`l N`ql, On`dhl}jdn ds noqdji ns olujse` ql qce ujae}y}dqe}s*

ESWE]Q_

E}jsq ( Tluji @@W, djaewejaejq }eidsqe}ea wum`do noolujqdji hd}b, cns nuadqea lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>>, nja hl} enoc lh qce qc}ee ten}s dj

qce we}dla ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ns seq hl}qc dj qced} }ewl}q* Ye cnxe djoùaea lu} hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs dj qce w}lsweoqus nja e`seyce}e dj qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq dj }e`dnjoe lj E}jsq (

Tluji @@W—s }ewl}q, idxej lj qced} nuqcl}dqt ns ewe}qs dj noolujqdji nja nuadqdji*

YCE]E TLU ONJ HDJA NAADQDLJN@ DJHL]BNQDLJ

Ye cnxe hdèa ydqc qce _EO n }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq lj Hl}b _"> ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq ydqc }esweoq ql qce scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof lhhe}ea ce}emt* Qcds w}lsweoqus, ycdoc

oljsqdquqes n wn}q lh qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq, ales jlq oljqndj n`` lh qce djhl}bnqdlj seq hl}qc dj qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq l} qce ecdmdqs hdèa qce}eydqc* Hl} hu}qce} djhl}bnqdlj nmluq us nja qce

olbblj sqlof lhhe}ea ce}emt, }ehe}ejoe ds bnae ql qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq nja qce ecdmdqs hdèa qce}eydqc* _qnqebejqs oljqndjea dj qcds w}lsweoqus }ein}adji qce oljqejqs lh njt oljq}noq l}

njt lqce} aloubejq qcnq ds hdèa ns nj ecdmdq ql qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq n}e jlq jeoessn}d`t olbwèqe, nja dj enoc djsqnjoe ye }ehe} tlu ql qce olwt lh suoc oljq}noq l} lqce} aloubejq hdèa ns

nj ecdmdq ql qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq* Ye ou}}ejq`t al jlq hdè we}dlado }ewl}qs ydqc qce _EO* Uwlj o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, ye yd`` me }e~ud}ea ql hdè we}dlado }ewl}qs, w}lt

sqnqebejqs nja lqce} djhl}bnqdlj ydqc qce _EO wu}sunjq ql qce Eocnjie Noq* N olwt lh qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq nja qce ecdmdqs hdèa qce}eydqc bnt me djsweoqea ydqcluq ocn}ie nq qce wum`do

}ehe}ejoe }llb bndjqndjea mt qce _EO, `lonqea nq >77 H _q}eeq, JE, Ynscdjiqlj, AO =7514, nja olwdes lh n`` l} njt wn}q lh qce }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq bnt me lmqndjea h}lb qcnq lhhdoe* Wènse

on`` qce _EO nq >"377"_EO"7??7 hl} hu}qce} djhl}bnqdlj nmluq qce wum`do }ehe}ejoe }llb* Qce _EO n`sl bndjqndjs n yemsdqe qcnq oljqndjs }ewl}qs, w}lt nja djhl}bnqdlj sqnqebejqs nja lqce}

djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji }eidsq}njqs qcnq hdè eèoq}ljdon``t ydqc qce _EO* Qce naa}ess lh qce yemsdqe ds yyy*seo*ilx*

>57


h >45 ===7>=



Qnm`e lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*

DJAES QL OLJ_L@DANQEA HDJNJODN@ _QNQEBEJQ_

]ewl}q lh E}jsq ( Tluji @@W, Djaewejaejq ]eidsqe}ea Wum`do Noolujqdji Hd}b H"=

Oljsl`danqea Hdjnjodn` _qnqebejqs;

Oljsl`danqea Mn`njoe _ceeqs H"?

Oljsl`danqea _qnqebejqs lh Djolbe H"1

Oljsl`danqea _qnqebejqs lh _qlofcl`ae}s— E~udqt H"5Oljsl`danqea _qnqebejqs lh Onsc H`lys H"8

Jlqes ql Oljsl`danqea Hdjnjodn` _qnqebejqs H"9

H">


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

]ewl}q lh E}jsq ( Tluji @@W, Djaewejaejq ]eidsqe}ea Wum`do Noolujqdji Hd}b

Qce Mln}a lh Ad}eoql}s nja _qlofclàe}s

Hnoemllf, Djo*

Ye cnxe nuadqea qce noolbwnjtdji oljsl`danqea mn`njoe sceeqs lh Hnoemllf, Djo* ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>>, nja qce }e`nqea oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe, sqlofclàe}s—

e~udqt, nja onsc h`lys hl} enoc lh qce qc }ee ten}s dj qce we}dla ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Qcese hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs n}e qce }eswljsdmd`dqt lh qce Olbwnjt—s bnjniebejq* Lu} }eswljsdmd`dqt ds ql

ew}ess nj lwdjdlj lj qcese hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs mnsea lj lu} nuadqs*

Ye oljauoqea lu} nuadqs dj nool}anjoe ydqc qce sqnjan}as lh qce Wum`do Olbwnjt Noolujqdji Lxe}sdicq Mln}a #Ujdqea _qnqes$* Qclse sqnjan}as }e~ud}e qcnq ye w`nj nja we}hl}b qce

nuadq ql lmqndj }ensljnmè nssu}njoe nmluq yceqce} qce oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs n}e h}ee lh bnqe}dn` bdssqnqebejq* Ye ye}e jlq ejiniea ql we}hl}b nj nuadq lh qce Olbwnjt—s djqe}jnòljq}l` lxe} hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji* Lu} nuadqs djoùaea oljsdae}nqdlj lh djqe}jn` oljq}l` lxe} hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji ns n mnsds hl} aesdijdji nuadq w}loeau}es qcnq n}e nww}lw}dnqe dj qce od}oubsqnjoes,

muq jlq hl} qce wu}wlse lh ew}essdji nj lwdjdlj lj qce ehheoqdxejess lh qce Olbwnjt—s djqe}jn` oljq}l` lxe} hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji* Nool}adji`t, ye ew}ess jl suoc lwdjdlj* Nj nuadq n`sl djoùaes

enbdjdji lj n qesq mnsds, exdaejoe suwwl}qdji qce nblujqs nja adso`lsu}es dj qce hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs, nssessdji qce noolujqdji w}djodwès usea nja sdijdhdonjq esqdbnqes bnae mt bnjniebejq,

nja exnùnqdji qce lxe}n`` hdjnjodn` sqnqebejq w}esejqnqdlj* Ye me`dexe qcnq lu} nuadqs w}lxdae n }ensljnmè mnsds hl} lu} lwdjdlj*

Dj lu} lwdjdlj, qce hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs }ehe}}ea ql nmlxe w}esejq hnd}`t, dj n`` bnqe}dn` }esweoqs, qce oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` wlsdqdlj lh Hnoemllf, Djo* nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>>, nja

qce oljsl`danqea }esu`qs lh dqs lwe}nqdljs nja dqs onsc h`lys hl} enoc lh qce qc}ee ten}s dj qce we}dla ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, dj oljhl}bdqt ydqc U*_* ieje}n``t nooewqea noolujqdji w}djodwès*

s E}jsq ( Tluji @@W

_nj H}njodsol, On`dhl}jdn

Hem}un}t >, =7>=

H"=


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*

OLJ_L@DANQEA MN@NJOE _CEEQ_#Dj bd``dljs, eoewq hl} jubme} lh scn}es nja wn} xnùe$

Aeoebme} ?>, W}l Hl}bn

Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>> =7>7 =7>>

#ujnuadqea$

Nsseqs

Ou}}ejq nsseqs;

Onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjqs !>,935 !>,5>= ! >,5>=Bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes ‑ =,?48 =,?48

Noolujqs }eoedxnmè, jeq lh n``lynjoes hl} alumqhu` noolujqs lh !>> nja !>9 ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>>, }esweoqdxe`t ?9? 519 519

W}ewnda ewejses nja lqce} ou}}ejq nsseqs 33 >14 193

Qlqn` ou}}ejq nsseqs =,=18 1,871 1,4??

W}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq, jeq 591 >,195 >,195

Illayd`` nja djqnjidmè nsseqs, jeq 48 >8= >8=

Lqce} nsseqs 91 47 47

Qlqn` nsseqs !=,447 !8,??> ! 8,887

@dnmd`dqdes nja sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt

Ou}}ejq dnmd`dqdes;

Noolujqs wntnmè ! =4 ! 8? ! 8?

W`nqhl}b wn}qje}s wntnmè 95 >9> >9>

Noo}uea ewejses nja lqce} ou}}ejq dnmd`dqdes >?9 =48 =48

Aehe}}ea }exejue nja aewlsdqs 1= 47 47

Ou}}ejq wl}qdlj lh onwdqn` ènse lm`dinqdljs >78 =94 =94

Qlqn` ou}}ejq dnmd`dqdes ?34 344 344

Onwdqn` ènse lm`dinqdljs, èss ou}}ejq wl}qdlj >>9 ?43 ?43

@lji"qe}b aemq =57 ‑ ‑

Lqce} dnmd`dqdes 9= >?5 >?5

Qlqn` dnmd`dqdes 3=3 >,1?= >,1?=

Olbbdqbejqs nja oljqdjiejodes

_qlofclàe}s— e~udqt;

Oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof, !7*777778 wn} xnùe, dssunmè dj se}des; 584 bd``dlj scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, 51> bd``dlj nja 51? bd``dlj scn}es

dssuea nja luqsqnjadji nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>>, }esweoqdxe`t #nii}einqe `d~udanqdlj w}ehe}ejoe lh !8>5 bd``dlj ns lh

Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>$6 jl scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, dssuea nja luqsqnjadji, w}l hl}bn 8>5 8>5 ‑

Olbblj sqlof, !7*777778 wn} xnùe; 1,>1> bd``dlj O`nss N scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, 87 bd``dlj scn}es dssuea nja luqsqnjadji nq

Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7, nja >>9 bd``dlj scn}es dssuea nja luqsqnjadji, djoùadji > bd``dlj luqsqnjadji scn}es sumkeoq ql }ewu}ocnse nq

Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> nja w}l hl}bn6 1,>1> bd``dlj O`nss M scn}es nuqcl}d{ea, >,>>= bd``dlj, >,=>? bd``dlj nja >,954 bd``dlj scn}es

dssuea nja luqsqnjadji, djoùadji 5 bd``dlj, = bd``dlj nja = bd``dlj luqsqnjadji scn}es sumkeoq ql }ewu}ocnse, nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7,

=7>> nja w}l hl}bn, }esweoqdxe`t ‑ ‑ ‑

Naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn` 419 =,831 1,=89

Nooubu`nqea lqce} olbw}ecejsdxe lss #8$ #8$ #8$

]eqndjea en}jdjis 878 >,878 489

Qlqn` sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt =,>8= 1,344 5,==3

Qlqn` `dnmd`dqdes nja sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt !=,447 !8,??> ! 8,887

_ee Jlqes ql Oljsl`danqea Hdjnjodn` _qnqebejqs*

H"?


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*

OLJ_L@DANQEA _QNQEBEJQ_ LH DJOLBE#Dj bd``dljs, eoewq we} scn}e nblujqs$


=774 =7>7 =7>>

]exejue ! 999 !>,491 !?,9>>

Olsqs nja ewejses;


Bn}feqdji nja snès >>5 >31 1=9

]esen}oc nja aexe`lwbejq 39 >11 ?33




Lqce} ewejse, jeq;

Djqe}esq ewejse #>7$ #==$ #1=$

Lqce} djolbe #ewejse$, jeq = #=$ #>4$



Jeq djolbe ! ==4 ! 878 !>,777

Jeq djolbe nqq}dmuqnmè ql wn}qdodwnqdji seou}dqdes >79 =?1 ??=

Jeq djolbe nqq}dmuqnmè ql O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s ! >== ! ?9= ! 883

En}jdjis we} scn}e nqq}dmuqnmè ql O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s;

Mnsdo ! 7*>= ! 7*?1 ! 7*5=

Adùqea ! 7*>7 ! 7*=3 ! 7*18

W}l hl}bn en}jdjis we} scn}e nqq}dmuqnmè ql O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlofclàe}s #ujnuadqea$;

Mnsdo ! 7*14

Adùqea ! 7*1?

_cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse djoùaea dj olsqs nja ewejses;







H"1


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*

OLJ_L@DANQEA _QNQEBEJQ_ LH _QLOFCL@AE]_— EÛDQT#Dj bd``dljs$

Oljxe}qdmè

W}ehe}}ea _qlof

O`nss N nja

O`nss M

Olbblj _qlof

Naadqdljn`

Wnda"Dj

Onwdqn`

Nooubu`nqea

Lqce}

Olbw}ecejsdxe

@lss

]eqndjea

En}jdjis

#Nooubu`nqea

Aehdodq$

Qlqn`

_qlofclàe}s—

E~udqt _cn}es Nblujq _cn}es Wn} Xnùe

Mn`njoes nq Aeoebme} ?>, =773 144 ! 1>5 >,779 ! ‑ ! >19 ! ‑ ! #==4$ ! ???

Dssunjoe lh _e}des E oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof, jeq lh dssunjoe olsqs 11 =77 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ =77

Dssunjoe lh olbblj sqlof hl} onsc uwlj ee}odse lh sqlof lwqdljs ‑ ‑ 59 ‑ 4 ‑ ‑ 4

Dssunjoe lh olbblj sqlof ql jljebw`ltees hl} wnsq se}xdoes ‑ ‑ = ‑ 4 ‑ ‑ 4Dssunjoe lh olbblj sqlof }e`nqea ql no~udsdqdlj ‑ ‑ 1 ‑ =7 ‑ ‑ =7

_cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj, }e`nqea ql ebw`ltee scn}e"mnsea nyn}as ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ >8 ‑ ‑ >8

_cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj, }e`nqea ql jljebw`ltee scn}e"mnsea nyn}as ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ = ‑ ‑ =

Eoess qn mejehdq h}lb scn}e"mnsea nyn}a noqdxdqt ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ 57 ‑ ‑ 57

Jeq djolbe nja olbw}ecejsdxe djolbe ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ==4 ==4

Mn`njoes nq Aeoebme} ?>, =774 51? ! 8>5 >,797 ! ‑ ! =5? ! ‑ ! ‑ ! 383

Dssunjoe lh olbblj sqlof, jeq lh dssunjoe olsqs ‑ ‑ =1 ‑ 577 ‑ ‑ 577

Dssunjoe lh olbblj sqlof hl} onsc uwlj ee}odse lh sqlof lwqdljs ‑ ‑ 97 ‑ 8 ‑ ‑ 8

Dssunjoe lh olbblj sqlof }e`nqea ql no~udsdqdljs ‑ ‑ 8 ‑ 87 ‑ ‑ 87

Oljxe}sdlj lh _e}des N w}ehe}}ea sqlof ql olbblj sqlof #=$ ‑ = ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑

]eo`nssdhdonqdlj lh lwqdlj dnmd`dqt ql naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn` ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ? ‑ ‑ ?

_cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj, }e`nqea ql ebw`ltee scn}e"mnsea nyn}as ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ >9 ‑ ‑ >9

_cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj, }e`nqea ql jljebw`ltee scn}e"mnsea nyn}as ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ > ‑ ‑ >

Eo ess qn mejehdq h} lb scn}e"mnsea nyn }a no qdxdqt, je q lh aehe}}ea qn dbwn oq ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ >79 ‑ ‑ >79

Olbw}ecejsdxe djolbe, jeq lh qn;

Hl}edij ou}}ejot q}njs`nqdlj nakusqbejqs ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ #8$ ‑ #8$

Jeq djolbe ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ 878 878

Qlqn` olbw}ecejsdxe djolbe, jeq lh qn 877

Mn`njoes nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 51> ! 8>5 >,>9= ! ‑ ! 419 ! #8$ ! 878 ! =,>8=

Dssunjoe lh olbblj sqlof, jeq lh dssunjoe olsqs ‑ ‑ 13 ‑ 443 ‑ ‑ 443

Dssunjoe lh olbblj sqlof hl} onsc uwlj ee}odse lh sqlof lwqdljs ‑ ‑ >7= ‑ =3 ‑ ‑ =3

Dssunjoe lh olbblj sqlof ql jljebw`ltees hl} wnsq se}xdoes ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ? ‑ ‑ ?Dssunjoe lh olbblj sqlof }e`nqea ql no~udsdqdljs ‑ ‑ = ‑ 53 ‑ ‑ 53

Ee}odse lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof yn}}njqs 3 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑

Oljxe}sdlj lh _e}des M w}ehe}}ea sqlof ql olbblj sqlof #=$ ‑ = ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑

Oljxe}sdlj lh _e}des O w}ehe}}ea sqlof ql olbblj sqlof* #1$ ‑ 1 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑

_cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj, }e`nqea ql ebw`ltee scn}e"mnsea nyn}as ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ =>9 ‑ ‑ =>9

Eoess qn mejehdq h}lb scn}e"mnsea nyn}a noqdxdqt ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ 1?? ‑ ‑ 1??

Jeq djolbe nja olbw}ecejsdxe djolbe ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ >,777 >,777

Mn`njoes nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> 51? ! 8>5 >,??7 ! ‑ ! =,831 ! #8$ ! >,878 ! 1,344


H"5


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*

OLJ_L@DANQEA _QNQEBEJQ_ LH ON_C H@LY_#Dj bd``dljs$


=774 =7>7 =7>>

Onsc h`lys h}lb lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes

Jeq djolbe ! ==4 ! 878 ! >,777

Nakusqbejqs ql }eoljodè jeq djolbe ql jeq onsc w}lxdaea mt lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes;

Aew}eodnqdlj nja nbl}qd{nqdlj 93 >?4 ?=?

@lss lj y}dqe"lhh lh e~udwbejq > ? 1_cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj =9 =7 =>9

Qn mejehdq h}lb scn}e"mnsea nyn}a noqdxdqt 57 >>5 1??

Eoess qn mejehdq h}lb scn}e"mnsea nyn}a noqdxdqt #5>$ #>>5$ #1??$

Ocnjies dj nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes;

Noolujqs }eoedxnmè #>>=$ #=74$ #>91$

W}ewnda ewejses nja lqce} ou}}ejq nsseqs #?7$ #?3$ #?>$

Lqce} nsseqs #54$ >9 #?=$

Noolujqs wntnmè #9$ >= 8

W`nqhl}b wn}qje}s wntnmè ‑ 95 48

Noo}uea ewejses nja lqce} ou}}ejq `dnmd`dqdes =9 =7 ?3

Aehe}}ea }exejue nja aewlsdqs > ?9 14

Lqce} dnmd`dqdes > >8 5?

Jeq onsc w}lxdaea mt lwe}nqdji noqdxdqdes >55 843 >,514

Onsc h`lys h}lb djxesqdji noqdxdqdes

Wu}ocnses lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq #??$ #=4?$ #878$

Wu}ocnses lh bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes ‑ ‑ #?,7=5$

Bnqu}dqdes lh bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes ‑ ‑ 5>8

_nès lh bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes ‑ ‑ >>?

Djxesqbejqs dj jlj"bn}feqnmè e~udqt seou}dqdes ‑ ‑ #?$

No~udsdqdljs lh musdjess, jeq lh onsc no~ud}ea, nja wu}ocnses lh djqnjidmè nja lqce} nsseqs ? #==$ #=1$

Ocnjie dj }esq}doqea onsc nja aewlsdqs #?=$ #4$ 8

Jeq onsc usea dj djxesqdji noqdxdqdes #8=$ #?=1$ #?,7=?$

Onsc h`lys h}lb hdjnjodji noqdxdqdes

Jeq w}loeeas h}lb dssunjoe lh oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof =77 ‑ ‑

Jeq w}loeeas h}lb dssunjoe lh olbblj sqlof ‑ 577 443

W}loeeas h}lb ee}odse lh sqlof lwqdljs 4 8 =3

W}loeeas h}lb #}ewntbejqs lh$ lji"qe}b aemq ‑ =57 #=57$

W}loeeas h}lb snè nja ense"mnof q}njsnoqdljs ?> ‑ >97

W}djodwn` wntbejqs lj onwdqn` ènse lm`dinqdljs #13$ #47$ #>3>$

Eoess qn mejehdq h}lb scn}e"mnsea nyn}a noqdxdqt 5> >>5 1??

Jeq onsc w}lxdaea mt hdjnjodji noqdxdqdes =1? 93> >,>43

Ehheoq lh eocnjie }nqe ocnjies lj onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjqs ‑ #?$ ?

Jeq djo}ense #aeo}ense$ dj onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjqs ??8 >,>5= #=9?$

Onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjqs nq meidjjdji lh we}dla =49 8?? >,935

Onsc nja onsc e~udxnèjqs nq eja lh we}dla ! 8?? !>,935 ! >,5>=

_uwwèbejqn` onsc h`ly anqn

Onsc wnda au}dji qce we}dla hl};

Djqe}esq ! 4 ! =? ! =3

Djolbe qnes ! 1= ! =8> ! >49

Jlj"onsc djxesqdji nja hdjnjodji noqdxdqdes;

W}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq naadqdljs djoùaea dj noolujqs wntnmè nja noo}uea ewejses nja lqce} `dnmd`dqdes ! 5 ! 19 ! >?5

W}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq no~ud}ea ujae} onwdqn` ènses ! 58 ! =>9 ! 19?

Hnd} xnùe lh scn}es dssuea }e`nqea ql no~udsdqdljs lh musdjess nja lqce} nsseqs ! =7 ! 87 ! 53


H"8


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*

JLQE_ QL OLJ_L@DANQEA HDJNJODN@ _QNQEBEJQ_

Jlqe >* _ubbn}t lh _dijdhdonjq Noolujqdji Wl`dodes

L}injd{nqdlj nja Aeso}dwqdlj lh Musdjess

Hnoemllf yns djol}wl}nqea dj Ae`nyn}e dj Ku`t =771* Lu} bdssdlj ds ql bnfe qce yl}à bl}e lwej nja oljjeoqea* Ye mudà w}lauoqs qcnq suwwl}q lu} bdssdlj mt w}lxdadji uqd`dqt ql

Hnoemllf use}s, W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s, nja naxe}qdse}s* Ye ieje}nqe sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh lu} }exejue h}lb naxe}qdsdji nja h}lb hees nsslodnqea ydqc lu} Wntbejqs djh}nsq}uoqu}e qcnq ejnmès use}s

ql wu}ocnse xd}qun` nja adidqn` illas h}lb lu} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s*

Mnsds lh W}esejqnqdlj

Ye w}ewn}ea qce oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs dj nool}anjoe ydqc U*_* ieje}n``t nooewqea noolujqdji w}djodwès #INNW$* Qce oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs djoùae qce noolujqs

lh Hnoemllf, Djo* nja dqs ycl``t lyjea sumsdadn}des* N`` djqe}olbwnjt mn`njoes nja q}njsnoqdljs cnxe meej e`dbdjnqea*

Use lh Esqdbnqes

Oljhl}bdqt ydqc INNW }e~ud}es qce use lh esqdbnqes nja kuaibejqs qcnq nhheoq qce }ewl}qea nblujqs dj qce oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs nja noolbwnjtdji jlqes* Qcese esqdbnqes

hl}b qce mnsds hl} kuaibejqs ye bnfe nmluq qce on}}tdji xnùes lh lu} nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes, ycdoc n}e jlq }enad`t nwwn}ejq h}lb lqce} slu}oes* Ye mnse lu} esqdbnqes nja kuaibejqs lj cdsql}don`

djhl}bnqdlj nja lj xn}dlus lqce} nssubwqdljs qcnq ye me`dexe n}e }ensljnmè ujae} qce od}oubsqnjoes* INNW }e~ud}es us ql bnfe esqdbnqes nja kuaibejqs dj sexe}n` n}ens, djoùadji, muq jlq

`dbdqea ql, qclse }e`nqea ql }exejue }eolijdqdlj, ol`èoqnmd`dqt lh noolujqs }eoedxnmè, oljqdjiejq `dnmd`dqdes, hnd} xnùe lh scn}e"mnsea nyn}as, hnd} xnùe lh hdjnjodn` djsq}ubejqs, hnd} xnùe lh

no~ud}ea djqnjidmè nsseqs nja illayd``, usehu` `dxes lh djqnjidmè nsseqs nja w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq, nja djolbe qnes* Qcese esqdbnqes n}e mnsea lj bnjniebejq—s fjlyèaie nmluq ou}}ejq

exejqs nja eweoqnqdljs nmluq noqdljs ye bnt ujae}qnfe dj qce huqu}e* Noqun` }esu`qs oluà adhhe} bnqe}dn``t h}lb qclse esqdbnqes*

Onsc nja Onsc E~udxnèjqs, nja Bn}feqnmè _eou}dqdes

Ye clà djxesqbejqs dj scl}q"qe}b nja `lji"qe}b bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes, oljsdsqdji lh U*_* ilxe}jbejq nja ilxe}jbejq niejot seou}dqdes* Ye o`nssdht lu} bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes ns

nxnd`nmè"hl}"snè djxesqbejqs dj lu} ou}}ejq nsseqs meonuse qcet }ew}esejq djxesqbejqs lh onsc nxnd`nmè hl} ou}}ejq lwe}nqdljs* Lu} nxnd`nmè"hl}"snè djxesqbejqs n}e on}}dea nq esqdbnqea hnd}

xnùe ydqc njt uj}en`d{ea indjs nja `lsses, jeq lh qnes, djoùaea dj nooubu`nqea lqce} olbw}ecejsdxe djolbe#`lss$ dj sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt* Uj}en`d{ea `lsses n}e ocn}iea nindjsq lqce} djolbe

#ewejse$, jeq ycej n aeo`dje dj hnd} xnùe ds aeqe}bdjea ql me lqce}"qcnj"qebwl}n}t* Ye cnxe jlq }eol}aea njt suoc dbwnd}bejq ocn}ie dj njt we}dla w}esejqea* Ye aeqe}bdje }en`d{ea indjs l}

`lsses lj snè lh bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes lj n sweodhdo daejqdhdonqdlj beqcla, nja }eol}a suoc indjs l} `lsses ns n olbwljejq lh lqce} djolbe #ewejse$, jeq*

Ye o`nssdht oe}qndj }esq}doqea onsc mn`njoes ydqcdj w}ewnda ewejses nja lqce} ou}}ejq nsseqs nja lqce} nsseqs lj qce noolbwnjtdji oljsl`danqea mn`njoe sceeqs mnsea uwlj qce qe}b lh qce

}ebndjdji }esq}doqdljs*

Jlj"Bn}feqnmè _eou}dqdes

Ye djxesq dj oe}qndj djxesqbejq hujas qcnq n}e jlq wum`do`t q}naea* Ye on}}t qcese djxesqbejqs nq olsq meonuse ye al jlq cnxe sdijdhdonjq djhùejoe lxe} qce ujae}`tdji djxesqee* Ye nssess

hl} njt lqce}"qcnj"qebwl}n}t dbwnd}bejq nq ènsq lj nj njjun` mnsds* Jl dbwnd}bejq ocn}ie cns meej }eol}aea ql"anqe lj lu} jlj"bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes*

H"9


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*

JLQE_ QL OLJ_L@DANQEA HDJNJODN@ _QNQEBEJQ_ #OLJQDJUEA$

Hnd} Xnùe lh Hdjnjodn` Djsq}ubejqs

Ye nww`t hnd} xnùe noolujqdji hl} n`` hdjnjodn` nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes nja jlj"hdjnjodn` nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes qcnq n}e }eolijd{ea l} adso`lsea nq hnd} xnùe dj qce hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs lj n

}eou}}dji mnsds* Ye aehdje hnd} xnùe ns qce w}doe qcnq yluà me }eoedxea h}lb se``dji nj nsseq l} wnda ql q}njshe} n `dnmd`dqt dj nj l}ae}`t q}njsnoqdlj meqyeej bn}feq wn}qdodwnjqs nq qce

bensu}ebejq anqe* Ycej aeqe}bdjdji qce hnd} xnùe bensu}ebejqs hl} nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes, ycdoc n}e }e~ud}ea ql me }eol}aea nq hnd} xnùe, ye oljsdae} qce w}djodwn` l} blsq naxnjqnielus

bn}feq dj ycdoc ye yluà q}njsnoq nja qce bn}feq"mnsea }dsf bensu}ebejqs l} nssubwqdljs qcnq bn}feq wn}qdodwnjqs yluà use dj w}dodji qce nsseq l} `dnmd`dqt, suoc ns }dsfs djce}ejq dj xnùnqdlj

qeocjd~ues, q}njshe} }esq}doqdljs nja o}eadq }dsf* Hnd} xnùe ds esqdbnqea mt nww`tdji qce hl``lydji cde}n}oct, ycdoc w}dl}dqd{es qce djwuqs usea ql bensu}e hnd} xnùe djql qc}ee èxe`s nja mnses qce

onqeil}d{nqdlj ydqcdj qce cde}n}oct uwlj qce `lyesq èxe` lh djwuq qcnq ds nxnd`nmè nja sdijdhdonjq ql qce hnd} xnùe bensu}ebejq;

@exe` >‑ûlqea w}does dj noqdxe bn}feqs hl} daejqdon` nsseqs l} dnmd`dqdes*

@exe` =‑Lmse}xnmè djwuqs lqce} qcnj ~ulqea w}does dj noqdxe bn}feqs hl} daejqdon` nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes, ~ulqea w}does hl} daejqdon` l} sdbd`n} nsseqs l} `dnmd`dqdes dj djnoqdxe bn}feqs, l}

lqce} djwuqs qcnq n}e lmse}xnmè l} onj me ol}}lml}nqea mt lmse}xnmè bn}feq anqn hl} sumsqnjqdn``t qce hu`` qe}b lh qce nsseqs l} `dnmd`dqdes*

@exe` ?‑Djwuqs qcnq n}e ieje}n``t ujlmse}xnmè nja qtwdon``t }ehèoq bnjniebejq—s esqdbnqe lh nssubwqdljs qcnq bn}feq wn}qdodwnjqs yluà use dj w}dodji qce nsseq l} dnmd`dqt*

Lu} xnùnqdlj qeocjd~ues usea ql bensu}e qce hnd} xnùe lh bljet bn}feq hujas nja bn}feqnmè aemq seou}dqdes ye}e ae}dxea h}lb ~ulqea w}does dj noqdxe bn}feqs hl} daejqdon` nsseqs l}

`dnmd`dqdes*

Hl}edij Ou}}ejot

Ieje}n``t qce hujoqdljn` ou}}ejot lh lu} djqe}jnqdljn` sumsdadn}des ds qce `lon` ou}}ejot* Ye q}njs`nqe qce hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs lh qcese sumsdadn}des ql U*_* al``n}s usdji bljqc"eja }nqes lh

eocnjie hl} nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes, nja nxe}nie }nqes lh eocnjie hl} }exejue, olsqs, nja ewejses* Q}njs`nqdlj indjs nja `lsses n}e }eol}aea dj nooubu`nqea lqce} olbw}ecejsdxe djolbe #`lss$ ns

n olbwljejq lh sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt* Jeq `lsses }esu`qdji h}lb hl}edij eocnjie q}njsnoqdljs ye}e djsdijdhdonjq hl} qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, nja ye}e !> bd``dlj nja !=4 bd``dlj,

}esweoqdxe`t, hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>>* Qcese lsses ye}e }eol}aea ns n olbwljejq lh lqce} djolbe #ewejse$, jeq*

W}lwe}qt nja E~udwbejq

W}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq, ycdoc djoùaes nblujqs }eol}aea ujae} onwdqn` ènses, n}e sqnqea nq olsq* Aew}eodnqdlj ds olbwuqea usdji qce sq}ndicq"`dje beqcla lxe} qce esqdbnqea usehu` `dxeslh qce nsseqs l} qce }ebndjdji ènse qe}b, dj qce onse lh n onwdqn` ènse, ycdocexe} ds scl}qe}*

Qce esqdbnqea usehu` `dxes lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq n}e aeso}dmea me`ly;

W}lwe}qt nja E~udwbejq Usehu` @dhe

Jeqyl}f e~udwbejq Qc}ee ql hlu} ten}s

Olbwuqe} slhqyn}e, lhhdoe e~udwbejq nja lqce} Qyl ql hdxe ten}s

Mudàdjis >5 ql =7 ten}s

@ensea e~udwbejq nja enseclà dbw}lxebejqs @esse} lh esqdbnqea usehu` dhe l} }ebndjdji ense qe}b

H"3


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


@nja nja nsseqs ceà ydqcdj oljsq}uoqdlj dj w}li}ess n}e jlq aew}eodnqea* Oljsq}uoqdlj dj w}li}ess ds }e`nqea ql qce oljsq}uoqdlj l} aexe`lwbejq lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq qcnq cnxe jlq

teq meej w`noea dj se}xdoe hl} qced} djqejaea use*

Qce olsq lh bndjqejnjoe nja }ewnd}s ds ewejsea ns djou}}ea* Ycej nsseqs n}e }eqd}ea l} lqce}ydse adswlsea lh, qce olsq nja }e`nqea nooubu`nqea aew}eodnqdlj nja nbl}qd{nqdlj n}e

}eblxea h}lb qced} }esweoqdxe noolujqs, nja njt indj l} `lss lj suoc snè l} adswlsn` ds }ehèoqea dj djolbe h}lb lwe}nqdljs*

@lji"@dxea Nsseqs, Djoùadji Illayd`` nja Lqce} No~ud}ea Djqnjidmè Nsseqs

Ye exnùnqe qce }eolxe}nmd`dqt lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq nja nbl}qd{nmè djqnjidmè nsseqs hl} wlssdmè dbwnd}bejq ycejexe} exejqs l} od}oubsqnjoes djadonqe qcnq qce on}}tdji nblujq

lh suoc nsseqs bnt jlq me }eolxe}nmè* ]eolxe}nmd`dqt lh qcese nsseqs ds bensu}ea mt n olbwn}dslj lh qce on}}tdji nblujqs ql qce huqu}e ujadsolujqea onsc h`lys qce nsseqs n}e eweoqea ql

ieje}nqe* Dh suoc }exdey djadonqes qcnq qce on}}tdji nblujq lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq nja djqnjidmè nsseqs ds jlq }eolxe}nmè, qce on}}tdji nblujq lh suoc nsseqs ds }eauoea ql hnd} xnùe* Dj

naadqdlj, ye qesq illayd`` hl} dbwnd}bejq nq ènsq njjun``t l} bl}e h}e~uejq`t dh exejqs l} ocnjies dj od}oubsqnjoes djadonqe qcnq qcds nsseq bnt me dbwnd}ea* Qcese qesqs n}e mnsea lj lu} sdjiè

lwe}nqdji seibejq nja }ewl}qdji ujdq sq}uoqu}e* Jl djadonqdljs lh dbwnd}bejq lh illayd`` ye}e jlqea au}dji qce ten}s w}esejqea*

No~ud}ea nbl}qd{nmè djqnjidmè nsseqs, ycdoc n}e djoùaea dj illayd`` nja djqnjidmè nsseqs, jeq, n}e nbl}qd{ea lj n sq}ndicq"`dje mnsds lxe} qce esqdbnqea usehu` `dxes lh qce nsseqs* Qce

esqdbnqea }ebndjdji usehu` `dxes hl} djqnjidmè nsseqs }njie h}lb èss qcnj lje ten} ql >8 ten}s*

Dj naadqdlj ql qce }eolxe}nmd`dqt nssessbejq, ye }luqdje`t }exdey qce }ebndjdji esqdbnqea usehu` `dxes lh w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq nja nbl}qd{nmè djqnjidmè nsseqs* Dh ye }eauoe qce

esqdbnqea usehu` `dhe nssubwqdlj hl} njt nsseq, qce }ebndjdji ujnbl}qd{ea mn`njoe yluà me nbl}qd{ea l} aew}eodnqea lxe} qce }exdsea esqdbnqea usehu` `dhe*

@ense Lm`dinqdljs

Ye ènse lhhdoe swnoe, anqn oejqe}s, nja e~udwbejq ujae} jlj"onjoe`nmè onwdqn` nja lwe}nqdji ènses ydqc xn}dlus ewd}nqdlj anqes qc}luic =7=9* Oe}qndj lh qce lwe}nqdji ènse

ni}eebejqs oljqndj }ejq cl`dants, }ejq eson`nqdlj w}lxdsdljs, nja wu}ocnse lwqdljs* ]ejq cl`dants nja }ejq eson`nqdlj w}lxdsdljs n}e oljsdae}ea dj aeqe}bdjdji qce sq}ndicq"`dje }ejq ewejse ql me

}eol}aea lxe} qce ènse qe}b* Qce ènse qe}b meidjs lj qce anqe lh djdqdn` wlssessdlj lh qce ènsea w}lwe}qt hl} wu}wlses lh }eolijd{dji ènse ewejse lj n sq}ndicq"`dje mnsds lxe} qce qe}b lh qce

ènse* Ye al jlq nssube }ejeyn`s dj lu} aeqe}bdjnqdlj lh qce ense qe}b ujèss qce }ejeyn`s n}e aeebea ql me }ensljnm`t nssu}ea nq ense djoewqdlj*

Ujnuadqea W}l Hl}bn Mn`njoe _ceeq Djhl}bnqdlj Uwlj qce olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, n`` luqsqnjadji oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof yd`` nuqlbnqdon``t oljxe}q djql scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof* Qce ujnuadqea w}l

hl}bn mn`njoe sceeq djhl}bnqdlj idxes ehheoq ql qce oljxe}sdlj lh qce oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Naadqdljn``t, ns aeso}dmea dj aeqnd` dj ‐‑_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj‒

me`ly, ye i}njq }esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs #]_Us$ qcnq ieje}n``t xesq uwlj qce snqdshnoqdlj lh n se}xdoe oljadqdlj, nja ydqc }esweoq ql ]_Us i}njqea w}dl} ql Knjun}t >, =7>> #W}e"=7>> ]_Us$, qce

loou}}ejoe lh n ~un`dhtdji `d~udadqt exejq* Ns n }esu`q, qce ujnuadqea w}l hl}bn mn`njoe sceeq djhl}bnqdlj nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, idxes ehheoq ql scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lh

nww}ldbnqe`t !483 bd``dlj nsslodnqea ydqc W}e"=7>> ]_Us, hl} ycdoc qce se}xdoe oljadqdlj yns snqdshdea ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ycdoc ye eweoq ql }eol}a uwlj qce olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn`

wum`do lhhe}dji*

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h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Qcds w}l hl}bn nakusqbejq }e`nqea ql scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lh nww}ldbnqe`t !483 bd``dlj cns meej }ehèoqea ns nj djo}ense ql naadqdljn` wnda"dj onwdqn` nja qce nsslodnqea qn ehheoq

lh !?=4 bd``dlj cns meej jeqqea nindjsq qcds ocn}ie, }esu`qdji dj n jeq }eauoqdlj lh !8?4 bd``dlj ql }eqndjea en}jdjis* Qce djolbe qn ehheoqs cnxe meej }ehèoqea ns nj djo}ense ql aehe}}ea qn

nsseqs djoùaea dj w}ewnda ewejses nja lqce} ou}}ejq nsseqs, ql }ehèoq qce njqdodwnqea huqu}e qn mejehdqs uwlj seqqèbejq lh qce ]_Us, ns nakusqea hl} njt ]_Us qcnq yd`` jlq }esu`q dj n qn mejehdq

meonuse qcet n}e }e`nqea ql hl}edij ebw`ltees l} hl}edij lwe}nqdljs* Wnt}l`` qn ewejses nja lqce} ydqcclàdji lm`dinqdljs cnxe jlq meej djoùaea dj qce w}l hl}bn nakusqbejq*

_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj

Ye noolujq hl} scn}e"mnsea ebw`ltee olbwejsnqdlj w`njs ujae} qce hnd} xnùe }eolijdqdlj nja bensu}ebejq w}lxdsdljs lh INNW* Qclse w}lxdsdljs }e~ud}e n`` scn}e"mnsea wntbejqs ql

ebw`ltees, djoùadji i}njqs lh sqlof lwqdljs nja ]_Us, ql me bensu}ea mnsea lj qce i}njq"anqe hnd} xnùe lh qce nyn}as, ydqc qce }esu`qdji ewejse ieje}n``t }eolijd{ea dj lu} oljsl`danqea

sqnqebejqs lh djolbe lxe} qce we}dla au}dji ycdoc qce ebw`ltee ds }e~ud}ea ql we}hl}b se}xdoe dj eocnjie hl} qce nyn}a*

Ye esqdbnqe qce hnd} xnùe lh sqlof lwqdljs i}njqea usdji qce M`nof"_oclès"Be}qlj sdjiè lwqdlj xnùnqdlj blae`, ycdoc }e~ud}es djwuqs suoc ns eweoqea qe}b, eweoqea xl`nqd`dqt nja

}dsf"h}ee djqe}esq }nqe* Hu}qce}, qce esqdbnqea hl}hedqu}e }nqe lh nyn}as n`sl nhheoqs qce nblujq lh nii}einqe olbwejsnqdlj* Qcese djwuqs n}e sumkeoqdxe nja ieje}n``t }e~ud}e sdijdhdonjq njn`tsds nja

kuaibejq ql aexe`lw*

Ye esqdbnqe qce eweoqea qe}b mnsea uwlj qce cdsql}don` mecnxdl} lh lu} ebw`ltees hl} ebw`ltee i}njqs* Ye esqdbnqe eweoqea xl`nqd`dqt mnsea lj n squat lh wum`do`t q}naea djausq}t wee}

olbwnjdes* Qce hl}hedqu}e }nqe ds ae}dxea w}dbn}d`t h}lb lu} cdsql}don` anqn, nja qce }dsf"h}ee djqe}esq }nqe ds mnsea lj qce tdeà nxnd`nmè lj U*_* Q}ensu}t {e}l"oluwlj dssues* Lu} adxdaeja tdeà

ds 7%, sdjoe ye cnxe jlq wnda, nja al jlq eweoq ql wnt, adxdaejas*

Qce hnd} xnùes lh ebw`ltee lwqdljs i}njqea au}dji =774 nja =7>7 cnxe meej esqdbnqea ns lh qce anqe lh i}njq usdji qce hl``lydji yedicqea"nxe}nie nssubwqdljs*


=774 =7>7

Eweoqea qe}b h}lb i}njq anqe #dj ten}s$ 5*71 9*>5

]dsf"h}ee djqe}esq }nqe =*7>% >*84%

Eweoqea xl`nqd`dqt 7*59 7*18

Adxdaeja tdeà ‑ ‑

Qce yedicqea"nxe}nie hnd} xnùe lh ebw`ltee lwqdljs i}njqea au}dji =774 nja =7>7 yns !>*>= nja !5*=8 we} scn}e, }esweoqdxe`t* Qce}e ye}e jl lwqdlj i}njqs dj =7>>*

Ye cnxe i}njqea ]_Us ql lu} ebw`ltees nja bebme}s lh lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* W}e"=7>> ]_Us i}njqea ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj xesq uwlj qce snqdshnoqdlj lh mlqc n se}xdoe oljadqdlj

nja n `d~udadqt oljadqdlj* Qce se}xdoe oljadqdlj hl} qce bnkl}dqt lh qcese nyn}as ds snqdshdea lxe} hlu} ten}s* Qce `d~udadqt oljadqdlj ds snqdshdea uwlj qce loou}}ejoe lh n ~un`dhtdji exejq, aehdjea

ns n ocnjie lh oljq}l` q}njsnoqdlj l} sd bljqcs hl``lydji qce olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, jl scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse cna meej }eolijd{ea hl}

W}e"=7>> ]_Us, meonuse qce ~un`dhtdji exejqs #aeso}dmea nmlxe$ cna jlq loou}}ea* Dj qce ~un}qe} dj ycdoc lu} lhhe}dji ds olbwèqea, ye yd`` meidj }eol}adji scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse

usdji qce

H">7


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


nooeè}nqea nqq}dmuqdlj beqcla, jeq lh hl}hedqu}es, mnsea lj qce i}njq anqe hnd} xnùe lh qce W}e"=7>> ]_Us* Hl} qce W}e"=7>> ]_Us, dh qce djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji cna loou}}ea lj Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>>, ye yluà cnxe }eolijd{ea !483 bd``dlj lh scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lj qcnq anqe, nja yluà cnxe nww}ldbnqe`t !=?4 bd``dlj lh naadqdljn` huqu}e we}dla ewejse ql me

}eolijd{ea lxe} n yedicqea"nxe}nie we}dla lh nww}ldbnqe`t qyl ten}s*

]_Us i}njqea lj l} nhqe} Knjun}t >, =7>> #Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us$ n}e jlq sumkeoq ql n `d~udadqt oljadqdlj dj l}ae} ql xesq, nja olbwejsnqdlj ewejse }e`nqea ql qcese i}njqs ds mnsea lj qce i}njq

anqe hnd} xnùe lh qce ]_Us nja ds }eolijd{ea lj n sq}ndicq"`dje mnsds lxe} qce nww`donmè se}xdoe we}dla* Qce bnkl}dqt lh Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us n}e en}jea lxe} n se}xdoe we}dla lh hlu} ql hdxe ten}s* Dj

=7>>, ye }eolijd{ea !>34 bd``dlj lh scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse }e`nqea ql qce Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us, nja ye njqdodwnqe !>,>34 bd``dlj lh huqu}e we}dla ewejse }e`nqea ql suoc ]_Us ql me

}eolijd{ea lxe} n yedicqea"nxe}nie we}dla lh nww}ldbnqe`t qc}ee ten}s*

Qce}e yns jl onwdqn`d{ea scn}e"mnsea ebw`ltee olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Au}dji qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7 nja =7>>, ye

}en`d{ea eoess qn mejehdqs lh !5> bd``dlj, !>>5 bd``dlj nja !1?? bd``dlj, }esweoqdxe`t, }e`nqea ql qn aeauoqdljs h}lb scn}e"mnsea nyn}a noqdxdqt* Eoess qn mejehdqs ye}e }eol}aea ns nj

nakusqbejq ql sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt dj enoc we}dla nja ye}e jlq }eolijd{ea dj lu} oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe*

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, qce}e yns !=,18? bd``dlj lh uj}eolijd{ea scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse, lh ycdoc !=,?48 bd``dlj ds }e`nqea ql ]_Us, nja !89 bd``dlj ds }e`nqea ql

}esq}doqea scn}es nja sqlof lwqdljs* Qcds uj}eolijd{ea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse ds eweoqea ql me }eolijd{ea lxe} n yedicqea"nxe}nie we}dla lh nww}ldbnqe`t qyl ten}s*

Djolbe Qnes

Ye }eolijd{e djolbe qnes ujae} qce nsseq nja `dnmd`dqt beqcla* Ye }eolijd{e aehe}}ea djolbe qn nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes hl} qce eweoqea huqu}e oljse~uejoes lh qebwl}n}t adhhe}ejoes

meqyeej qce hdjnjodn` }ewl}qdji nja qn mnses lh nsseqs nja `dnmd`dqdes* Qcese adhhe}ejoes n}e bensu}ea usdji qce ejnoqea sqnquql}t qn }nqes qcnq n}e eweoqea ql nww`t ql qnnmè djolbe hl} qce

ten}s dj ycdoc adhhe}ejoes n}e eweoqea ql }exe}se* Ye }eolijd{e qce ehheoq lj aehe}}ea djolbe qnes lh n ocnjie dj qn }nqes dj djolbe dj qce we}dla qcnq djoùaes qce ejnoqbejq anqe*

Ye }eol}a n xnùnqdlj n``lynjoe ql }eauoe lu} aehe}}ea qn nsseqs ql qce jeq nblujq qcnq ye me`dexe ds bl}e `dfe`t qcnj jlq ql me }en`d{ea* Ye oljsdae} n`` nxnd`nmè exdaejoe, mlqc wlsdqdxe

nja jeinqdxe, djoùadji cdsql}don` èxe`s lh djolbe, eweoqnqdljs nja }dsfs nsslodnqea ydqc esqdbnqes lh huqu}e qnnmè djolbe nja ljildji qn w`njjdji sq}nqeides dj nssessdji qce jeea hl} n

xnùnqdlj n``lynjoe*

Ye }eolijd{e qn mejehdqs h}lb ujoe}qndj qn wlsdqdljs lj`t dh ye me`dexe qcnq dq ds bl}e `dfe`t qcnj jlq qcnq qce qn wlsdqdlj yd`` me susqndjea lj enbdjnqdlj mt qce qndji nuqcl}dqdes

mnsea lj qce qeocjdon` be}dqs lh qce wlsdqdlj* Ye bnfe nakusqbejqs ql qcese }ese}xes ycej hnoqs nja od}oubsqnjoes ocnjie, suoc ns qce o`lsdji lh n qn nuadq l} qce }ehdjebejq lh nj esqdbnqe* Qce

w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes djoùaes qce ehheoqs lh njt }ese}xes qcnq n}e oljsdae}ea nww}lw}dnqe, ns ye`` ns qce }e`nqea jeq djqe}esq nja wejn`qdes*

H">>


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


]exejue ]eolijdqdlj

Ye ieje}nqe sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lh lu} }exejue h}lb naxe}qdsdji nja wntbejq w}loessdji hees* Ye }eolijd{e }exejue ljoe n`` lh qce hl ``lydji o}dqe}dn cnxe meej beq;

• we}sunsdxe exdaejoe lh nj n}}njiebejq edsqs6

• ae`dxe}t lh Hnoemllf—s lm`dinqdljs ql lu} ousqlbe} cns loou}}ea6

•

qce w}doe ds hdea l} aeqe}bdjnmè6 nja

• ol`èoqnmd`dqt lh qce }e`nqea }eoedxnmè ds }ensljnm`t nssu}ea*

]exejue hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7, nja =7>> oljsdsqs lh qce hl``lydji #dj bd``dljs$;


=774 =7>7 =7>>

]exejue

Naxe}qdsdji ! 981 ! >,383 !? ,>51

Wntbejqs nja lqce} hees >? >78 559

Qlqn` }exejue ! 999 ! >,491 ! ?,9>>

Naxe}qdsdji

Naxe}qdsdji }exejue ds ieje}nqea h}lb qce adsw`nt lh naxe}qdsebejqs lj lu} yemsdqe* Qce n}}njiebejqs n}e exdaejoea mt edqce} lj`dje nooewqnjoe lh qe}bs nja oljadqdljs l} oljq}noqs qcnq

sqdwu`nqe qce qtwes lh naxe}qdsdji ql me ae`dxe}ea, qce qdbdji nja qce w}dodji*

Ye }eolijd{e }exejue h}lb qce adsw`nt lh dbw}essdlj"mnsea naxe}qdsebejqs lj lu} yemsdqe dj qce oljq}noqea we}dla ycej qce dbw}essdljs n}e ae`dxe}ea* Dbw}essdljs n}e oljsdae}ea

ae`dxe}ea ycej nj naxe}qdsebejq nwwen}s dj wnies ae`dxe}ea ql use}s*

Ye n`sl }eolijd{e }exejue h}lb qce ae`dxe}t lh o`dof"mnsea naxe}qdsebejqs lj lu} yemsdqe* ]exejue nsslodnqea ydqc qcese naxe}qdsebejqs ds }eolijd{ea dj qce we}dla qcnq n use} o`dofs lj

nj naxe}qdsebejq*

Wntbejqs nja Lqce} Hees

Ye ejnmè Wntbejqs meqyeej lu} use}s nja aexe`lwe}s lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b* Lu} use}s onj wu}ocnse xd}qun` l} adidqn` illas lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b mt usdji o}eadq on}as l} lqce}

wntbejq beqclas nxnd`nmè lj lu} yemsdqe* Qce w}dbn}t beqcla hl} use}s ql q}njsnoq ydqc qce aexe`lwe}s lj qce Hnoemllf W`nqhl}b ds xdn qce wu}ocnse lh lu} xd}qun` ou}}ejot, ycdoc ejnmès lu}

use}s ql wu}ocnse xd}qun` nja adidqn` illas dj inbes nja nwws* Uwlj qce djdqdn` snè lh lu} xd}qun` ou}}ejot, ye }eol}a qce xnùe wu}ocnsea mt n use} ns aehe}}ea }exejue nja aewlsdqs*

Ycej n use} ejinies dj n wntbejq q}njsnoqdlj uqd`d{dji lu} xd}qun` ou}}ejot hl} qce wu}ocnse lh n xd}qun` l} adidqn` illa h}lb n W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}, ye }eauoe qce use}—s xd}qun` ou}}ejot

mn`njoe mt qce w}doe lh qce wu}ocnse, ycdoc ds n w}doe qcnq ds slè`t aeqe}bdjea mt qce W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}* Ye }ebdq ql qce W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe} nj nblujq qcnq ds mnsea lj qce qlqn` nblujq lh

xd}qun` ou}}ejot }eaeebea èss qce w}loessdji hee qcnq ye ocn}ie qce W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe} hl} qce q}njsnoqdlj* Lu} }exejue ds qce jeq nblujq lh qce q}njsnoqdlj, }ew}esejqdji lu} w}loessdji hee hl}

qce q}njsnoqdlj* Ye }eol}a }exejue lj n jeq mnsds ns ye al jlq oljsdae} lu}se`xes ql me qce w}djodwn` dj qce snè lh qce xd}qun` l} adidqn` illa ql qce use}*

H">=


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Lqce} hees cnxe jlq meej bnqe}dn` dj n`` we}dlas w}esejqea dj lu} hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs*

N`` }exejue ds }eolijd{ea jeq lh nww`donmè snès nja lqce} qnes, yce}e nww}lw}dnqe*

Olsq lh ]exejue

Lu} olsq lh }exejue oljsdsqs w}dbn}d`t lh ewejses nsslodnqea ydqc qce ae`dxe}t nja adsq}dmuqdlj lh lu} w}lauoqs* Qcese djoùae ewejses }e`nqea ql qce lwe}nqdlj lh lu} anqn oejqe}s suoc

ns hnod`dqt nja se}xe} e~udwbejq aew}eodnqdlj, hnod`dqt nja se}xe} e~udwbejq }ejq ewejse, eje}it nja mnjaydaqc olsqs, suwwl}q nja bndjqejnjoe olsqs, nja sn`n}des, mejehdqs nja scn}e"mnsea

olbwejsnqdlj hl} oe}qndj we}sljje` lj lu} lwe}nqdljs qenbs* Olsq lh }exejue n`sl djoùaes o}eadq on}a nja lqce} q}njsnoqdlj hees }e`nqea ql w}loessdji ousqlbe} q}njsnoqdljs*

Aehe}}ea ]exejue nja Aewlsdqs

Aehe}}ea }exejue nja aewlsdqs olbw}dse w}dbn}d t lh md``djis dj naxnjoe lh }exejue }eolijdqdlj h}lb lu} se}xdoes aeso}dmea nmlxe nja n}e }eolijd{ea ns }exejue ycej }exejue

}eolijdqdlj o}dqe}dn n}e beq*

O}eadq ]dsf nja Oljoejq}nqdlj

Hdjnjodn` djsq}ubejqs lyjea mt qce olbwnjt qcnq n}e wlqejqdn``t sumkeoq ql oljoejq}nqdljs lh o}eadq }dsf oljsdsq w}dbn}d`t lh onsc, onsc e~udxnèjqs, }esq}doqea onsc, bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes,

nja noolujqs }eoedxnmè* Onsc e~udxnèjqs oljsdsq lh scl}q"qe}b bljet bn}feq hujas nja U*_* ilxe}jbejq nja niejot seou}dqdes, ycdoc n}e aewlsdqea ydqc }ewuqnmè hdjnjodn` djsqdquqdljs*

Bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes oljsdsq lh djxesqbejqs dj U*_* ilxe}jbejq nja ilxe}jbejq niejot seou}dqdes* Lu} onsc bnjniebejq nja djxesqbejq wl`dot `dbdqs djxesqbejq djsq}ubejqs ql

djxesqbejq"i}nae seou}dqdes ydqc qce lmkeoqdxe ql w}ese}xe onwdqn` nja ql bndjqndj `d~udadqt ujqd` qce hujas onj me usea dj musdjess lwe}nqdljs* Mnjf noolujqs dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes n}e djsu}ea mt

qce Heae}n` Aewlsdq Djsu}njoe Ol}wl}nqdlj #HADO$ uw ql !=57,777* Lu} lwe}nqdji noolujqs sdijdhdonjq`t eoeea qce HADO `dbdqs*

Noolujqs }eoedxnmè n}e qtwdon``t ujseou}ea nja n}e ae}dxea h}lb }exejue en}jea h}lb ousqlbe}s no}lss adhhe}ejq djausq}des nja olujq}des* Ye ieje}nqea 89%, 8=%, nja 58% lh lu}

}exejue hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, }esweoqdxe`t, h}lb naxe}qdse}s nja W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}s mnsea dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes, ydqc qce bnkl}dqt lh }exejue luqsdae lh qce

Ujdqea _qnqes olbdji h}lb ousqlbe}s lonqea dj yesqe}j Eu}lwe, Onjnan, nja Nusq}n`dn*

Ye we}hl}b ljildji o}eadq exnùnqdljs lh lu} ousqlbe}s, nja ieje}n``t al jlq }e~ud}e ol``nqe}n`* Nj n``lynjoe hl} alumqhu` noolujqs ds aeqe}bdjea usdji qce sweodhdo"daejqdhdonqdlj

beqcla hl} alumqhu` noolujqs nja nj nidji lh }eoedxnmès njn`tsds mnsea lj djxldoe aue anqes* Ujol`èoqdmè }eoedxnmès n}e y}dqqej lhh nindjsq qce n``lynjoe hl} alumqhu` noolujqs ycej n`èhhl}qs ql ol`èoq qceb cnxe meej ecnusqea, nja }eolxe}des n}e }eolijd{ea ns nj djo}ense ql qce n``lynjoe ycej qcet n}e }eoedxea* Au}dji qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7, nja =7>>,

lu} mna aemq ewejses ye}e !> bd``dlj, !4 bd``dlj, nja !3 bd``dlj }esweoqdxe`t* Dj qce exejq qcnq noolujqs }eoedxnmè ol`èoqdlj otoès aeqe}dl}nqe, lu} lwe}nqdji }esu`qs nja hdjnjodn` wlsdqdlj

oluà me naxe}se`t nhheoqea*

]exejue h}lb lje ousqlbe}, [tjin, }ew}esejqea >=% lh qlqn` }exejue hl} qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Jl ousqlbe} }ew}esejqea >7% l} bl}e lh qlqn` }exejue au}dji qce ten}s

ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774 l} =7>7*

H">?


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Naxe}qdsdji Ewejse

Ye ewejse lu} olsqs lh naxe}qdsdji dj qce we}dla dj ycdoc qcet n}e djou}}ea* Naxe}qdsdji ewejse, ycdoc ds djoùaea dj bn}feqdji nja snès ewejses, qlqnèa !5 bd``dlj, !3 bd``dlj, nja

!=3 bd``dlj hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, }esweoqdxe`t*

_eibejqs

Lu} ocdeh lwe}nqdji aeodsdlj"bnfe} ds lu} Ocdeh Eeouqdxe Lhhdoe} ycl }exdeys hdjnjodn` djhl}bnqdlj w}esejqea lj n oljsl`danqea mnsds* Qce}e n}e jl seibejq bnjnie}s ycl n}e ceà

noolujqnmè mt qce ocdeh lwe}nqdji aeodsdlj"bnfe}, l} njtlje e`se, hl} lwe}nqdljs, lwe}nqdji }esu`qs, nja w`njjdji hl} èxe`s l} olbwljejqs me`ly qce oljsl`danqea ujdq èxe`* Nool}adji`t, yecnxe aeqe}bdjea qcnq ye cnxe n sdjiè }ewl}qdji seibejq nja lwe}nqdji ujdq sq}uoqu}e*

Jlqe =* En}jdjis we} _cn}e

Ye olbwuqe en}jdjis we} scn}e #EW_$ lh O`nss N nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof usdji qce qyl"o`nss beqcla }e~ud}ea hl} wn}qdodwnqdji seou}dqdes* Lu} wn}qdodwnqdji seou}dqdes djoùae n`` se}des

lh lu} oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof nja }esq}doqea sqlof nyn}as* Ujadsq}dmuqea en}jdjis n``lonqea ql qcese wn}qdodwnqdji seou}dqdes n}e sumq}noqea h}lb jeq djolbe dj aeqe}bdjdji jeq djolbe

nqq}dmuqnmè ql olbblj sqlofclàe}s* Mnsdo EW_ ds olbwuqea mt adxdadji jeq djolbe nqq}dmuqnmè ql olbblj sqlofclàe}s mt qce yedicqea"nxe}nie jubme} lh scn}es lh lu} O`nss N nja O`nss M

olbblj sqlof luqsqnjadji, nakusqea hl} luqsqnjadji scn}es qcnq n}e sumkeoq ql }ewu}ocnse*

Hl} qce onòu`nqdlj lh adùqea EW_, jeq djolbe nqq}dmuqnmè ql olbblj sqlofclàe}s hl} mnsdo EW_ ds nakusqea mt qce ehheoq lh adùqdxe seou}dqdes, djoùadji nyn}as ujae} lu} e~udqt

olbwejsnqdlj w`njs* Dj naadqdlj, qce olbwuqnqdlj lh qce adùqea EW_ lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof nssubes qce oljxe}sdlj h}lb O`nss M olbblj sqlof, ycdè qce adùqea EW_ lh O`nss M olbblj

sqlof ales jlq nssube qce oljxe}sdlj lh qclse scn}es* Adùqea EW_ nqq}dmuqnmè ql olbblj sqlofclàe}s ds olbwuqea mt adxdadji qce }esu`qdji jeq djolbe nqq}dmuqnmè ql olbblj sqlofclàe}s mt

qce yedicqea"nxe}nie jubme} lh hu``t adùqea olbblj scn}es luqsqnjadji*

Adùqdxe seou}dqdes dj lu} adùqea EW_ onòu`nqdlj al jlq djoùae W}e"=7>> ]_Us* Xesqdji lh qcese ]_Us ds aewejaejq uwlj qce snqdshnoqdlj lh mlqc n se}xdoe oljadqdlj nja n `d~udadqt

oljadqdlj* Qce `d~udadqt oljadqdlj ds snqdshdea uwlj qce loou}}ejoe lh n ~un`dhtdji exejq, aehdjea ns n ocnjie lh oljq}l` q}njsnoqdlj l} sd bljqcs hl``lydji qce olbwèqdlj lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do

lhhe}dji* Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, suoc n ~un`dhtdji exejq cna jlq loou}}ea nja ujqd` dq loou}s, qce clàe}s lh qcese ]_Us cnxe jl }dicqs dj lu} ujadsq}dmuqea en}jdjis* Qce}ehl}e, qcet n}e

eoùaea h}lb qce ehheoq lh adùqdxe seou}dqdes* Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us n}e jlq sumkeoq ql n `d~udadqt oljadqdlj dj l}ae} ql xesq, nja n}e qcus djoùaea dj qce onòu`nqdlj lh adùqea EW_* Ye eoùaea

1 bd``dlj nja = bd``dlj scn}es dssunmè uwlj ee}odse lh ebw`ltee sqlof lwqdljs hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774 nja =7>7, }esweoqdxe`t, nja ? bd``dlj Wlsq"=7>> ]_Us hl} qce ten} ejaeaAeoebme} ?>, =7>> meonuse qce dbwnoq yluà me njqdadùqdxe*

Mnsdo nja adùqea EW_ n}e qce snbe hl} enoc o`nss lh olbblj sqlof meonuse qcet n}e ejqdqèa ql qce snbe `d~udanqdlj nja adxdaeja }dicqs*

H">1


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Qce jube}nql}s nja aejlbdjnql}s lh qce mnsdo nja adùqea EW_ olbwuqnqdljs hl} lu} olbblj sqlof n}e onòu`nqea ns hl``lys #dj bd``dljs, eoewq we} scn}e nblujqs$;


=774 =7>7 =7>>

O`nss N O`nss M O`nss N O`nss M O`nss N O`nss M

Mnsdo EW_;

Jube}nql};

Jeq djolbe ! ‑ ! ==4 ! >3 ! 533 ! 35 ! 4>5@ess; Jeq djolbe nqq}dmuqnmè ql wn}qdodwnqdji seou}dqdes ‑ >79 9 ==9 =3 ?71

Jeq djolbe nqq}dmuqnmè ql olbblj sqlofclàe}s ! ‑ ! >== ! >> ! ?8> ! 59 ! 8>>

Aejlbdjnql};

Yedicqea nxe}nie scn}es luqsqnjadji ‑ >,7=8 ?= >,73> >>7 >,>34

@ess; _cn}es sumkeoq ql }ewu}ocnse ‑ 8 ‑ 8 ‑ 5

Jubme} lh scn}es usea hl} mnsdo EW_ olbwuqnqdlj ‑ >,7=7 ?= >,795 >>7 >,>31

Mnsdo EW_ ! ‑ ! 7*>= ! 7*?1 ! 7*?1 ! 7*5= ! 7*5=

Adùqea EW_;

Jube}nql};

Jeq djolbe nqq}dmuqnmè ql olbblj sqlofclàe}s ! ‑ ! >== ! >> ! ?8> ! 59 ! 8>>

]en``lonqdlj lh jeq djolbe nqq}dmuqnmè ql wn}qdodwnqdji seou}dqdes >= ‑ ?7 ‑ ?> ‑

]en``lonqdlj lh jeq djolbe ns n }esu`q lh oljxe}sdlj lh O`nss M ql O`nss N olbblj sqlof >== ‑ ?8> ‑ 8>> ‑

]en``lonqdlj lh jeq djolbe ql O`nss M olbblj sqlof ‑ >= ‑ ?= ‑ ?9

Jeq djolbe nqq}dmuqnmè ql olbblj sqlofclàe}s hl} adùqea EW_ ! >?1 ! >?1 ! 17= ! ?4? ! 844 ! 813

Aejlbdjnql};

Jubme} lh scn}es usea hl} mnsdo EW_ olbwuqnqdlj ‑ >,7=7 ?= >,795 >>7 >,>31

Oljxe}sdlj lh O`nss M ql O`nss N olbblj sqlof >,7=7 ‑ >,795 ‑ >,>31 ‑

Yedicqea nxe}nie ehheoq lh adùqdxe seou}dqdes;

Ebw`ltee sqlof lwqdljs ??1 ??1 =45 =45 =71 =71

]_Us ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ 5 5

_cn}es sumkeoq ql }ewu}ocnse 5 5 1 1 ? ?

Yn}}njqs 9 9 3 3 = =

Jubme} lh scn}es usea hl} adùqea EW_ olbwuqnqdlj >,?88 >,?88 >,1>1 >,?3= >,573 >,?43

Adùqea EW_ ! 7*>7 ! 7*>7 ! 7*=3 ! 7*=3 ! 7*18 ! 7*18

H">5


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Jlqe ?* W}lwe}qt nja E~udwbejq

W}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq oljsdsqs lh qce hl``lydji #dj bd``dljs$;

Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>7 =7>>

Jeqyl}f e~udwbejq ! 193 !>,7>8

@nja =4 ?1

Mudàdjis ‑ ?55@enseclà dbw}lxebejqs 53 >=7

Olbwuqe} slhqyn}e, lhhdoe e~udwbejq nja lqce} 8> 9?

Oljsq}uoqdlj dj w}li}ess >41 ?=9

Qlqn` 3=7 >,4=5

@ess nooubu`nqea aew}eodnqdlj nja nbl}qd{nqdlj #=18$ #157$

W}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq, jeq ! 591 !>,195

W}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>> djoùaes !=43 bd``dlj nja !33> bd``dlj, }esweoqdxe`t, no~ud}ea ujae} onwdqn` ènse ni}eebejqs* Nooubu`nqea nbl}qd{nqdlj ujae}

onwdqn` ènses qlqnèa !35 bd``dlj nja !=>7 bd``dlj nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>>, }esweoqdxe`t* Nbl}qd{nqdlj lh nsseqs ujae} onwdqn` ènses ds djoùaea dj aew}eodnqdlj nja nbl}qd{nqdlj ewejse*

Oljsq}uoqdlj dj w}li}ess djoùaes olsqs w}dbn}d`t }e`nqea ql qce oljsq}uoqdlj nja jeqyl}f e~udwbejq lh anqn oejqe}s dj L}eilj nja Jl}qc On}l`djn dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja dj _yeaej, nja

lu} jey ol}wl}nqe cena~un}qe}s dj Bej`l Wn}f, On`dhl}jdn* Djqe}esq onwdqn`d{ea au}dji qce ten}s w}esejqea yns jlq bnqe}dn`*

Jlqe 1* Illayd`` nja Djqnjidmè Nsseqs

Illayd`` nja djqnjidmè nsseqs oljsdsq lh qce hl``lydji #dj bd``dljs$;

Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>7 =7>>

No~ud}ea wnqejqs ! ?? ! 5>

No~ud}ea jlj"olbweqe ni}eebejqs >> >3

No~ud}ea qeocjl`lit nja lqce} =9 1?

Nooubu`nqea nbl}qd{nqdlj #>=$ #?=$

Jeq no~ud}ea djqnjidmè nsseqs 54 37

Illayd`` ?9 3=

Illayd`` nja djqnjidmè nsseqs ! 48 ! >8=

No~ud}ea wnqejqs cnxe esqdbnqea usehu` `dxes }njidji h}lb hlu} ql >3 ten}s nq no~udsdqdlj* Qce nxe}nie qe}b lh no~ud}ea jlj"olbweqe ni}eebejqs ds ieje}n``t qyl ten}s* No~ud}ea

qeocjl`lit nja lqce} cnxe esqdbnqea usehu` `dxes lh qyl ql qej ten}s* Nbl}qd{nqdlj ewejse lh djqnjidmè nsseqs hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7, nja =7>> yns != bd``dlj, !4

bd``dlj, nja !=7 bd``dlj, }esweoqdxe`t*

Au}dji qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye olbwèqea musdjess no~udsdqdljs hl} qlqn` oljsdae}nqdlj lh !83 bd``dlj* Qcese no~udsdqdljs ye}e jlq bnqe}dn` ql lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn`

sqnqebejqs djadxdaun``t l} dj qce nii}einqe* Lu} no~udsdqdljs w}dl} ql =7>> ye}e n`sl jlq bnqe}dn` djadxdaun``t l} dj qce nii}einqe*

H">9


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Qce hl``lydji qnmè w}esejqs qce nii}einqea esqdbnqea hnd} xnùe lh qce nsseqs no~ud}ea hl} n`` no~udsdqdljs olbwèqea au}dji qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> #dj bd``dljs$;

No~ud}ea qeocjl`lit nja lqce} !>8

No~ud}ea jlj"olbweqe ni}eebejqs 9

Jeq nsseqs no~ud}ea 1

Aehe}}ea djolbe qn dnmd`dqdes #9$

Illayd`` 13

Qlqn` !83

W}l hl}bn }esu`qs lh lwe}nqdljs }e`nqea ql lu} =7>> no~udsdqdljs cnxe jlq meej w}esejqea meonuse qcet n}e jlq bnqe}dn` ql lu} oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe, edqce} djadxdaun``t l} dj

qce nii}einqe* Hl} n`` no~udsdqdljs olbwèqea au}dji qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, no~ud}ea qeocjl`lit nja lqce} cna n yedicqea"nxe}nie usehu` `dhe lh qc}ee ten}s nja qce qe}b lh qce

jlj"olbweqe ni}eebejqs ds ieje}n``t qyl ten}s*

Qce ocnjies dj on}}tdji nblujq lh illayd`` hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>> n}e ns hl``lys #dj bd``dljs$;

Mn`njoe ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =774 !>>

Illayd`` no~ud}ea =8

Mn`njoe ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 ?9

Illayd`` no~ud}ea 13

Ehheoq lh ou}}ejot q}njs`nqdlj nakusqbejq #?$

Mn`njoe ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> !3=

Eweoqea nbl}qd{nqdlj ewejse hl} qce ujnbl}qd{ea no~ud}ea djqnjidmè nsseqs hl} qce jeq hdxe ten}s nja qce}enhqe} ds ns hl``lys #dj bd``dljs$;

=7>= !=>

=7>? >>=7>1 9

=7>5 9

=7>8 8

Qce}enhqe} =3

Qlqn` !37

Jlqe 5* @lji"qe}b Aemq

Dj Bn}oc =7>7, ye ejqe}ea djql n sejdl} ujseou}ea qe}b `lnj hnod`dqt ydqc oe}qndj èjae}s* Qcds hnod`dqt n``lyea hl} qce a}nyalyj lh uw ql !=57 bd``dlj dj ujseou}ea sejdl} `lnjs ydqc n

bnqu}dqt lh hdxe ten}s* Dj Nw}d` =7>7 ye a}ey alyj qce hu`` nblujq nxnd`nmè ujae} qce hnod`dqt nq nj djqe}esq }nqe lh 1*5%, wntnmè ~un}qe}`t* Qce `lnj oluà me }ewnda mt us nq njt qdbe ydqcluq

wejn`qt* Aemq dssunjoe olsqs lh nww}ldbnqe`t !> bd``dlj ye}e }eol}aea dj lqce} jlj"ou}}ejq nsseqs nja ye}e medji nbl}qd{ea ql djqe}esq ewejse lxe} qce oljq}noqun` qe}b lh qce `lnj* Lj

Bn}oc =, =7>>, ye }ewnda dj hu`` qce `lji"qe}b aemq mn`njoe lh !=57 bd``dlj, nja ewejsea qce }ebndjdji ujnbl}qd{ea aemq dssunjoe olsqs*

H">3


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Dj =7>>, ye ejqe}ea djql nj ni}eebejq hl} nj ujseou}ea hdxe"ten} }exl`xdji o}eadq hnod`dqt qcnq n``lys us ql ml}}ly uw ql !=,577 bd``dlj, ydqc djqe}esq wntnmè lj ml}}lyea nblujqs seq nq

qce qc}ee"bljqc @ljalj Djqe}mnjf Lhhe}ea ]nqe #@DML]$ wùs >*7%* Jl nblujqs ye}e a}nyj alyj ujae} qcds ni}eebejq ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>* Ye wnda l}didjnqdlj hees nq o`lsdji nja qcese

hees n}e nbl}qd{ea lxe} qce }ebndjdji qe}b lh qce o}eadq hnod`dqt* Ye n`sl wnt n olbbdqbejq hee nq 7*>5% we} njjub lj qce and`t uja}nyj mn`njoe* Dj naadqdlj, qce o}eadq hnod`dqt oljqndjs

}esq}doqdljs lj lu} nmd`dqt ql wnt adxdaejas*

Jlqe 8* Hnd} Xnùe Bensu}ebejqs

Nsseqs bensu}ea nq hnd} xnùe lj n }eou}}dji mnsds n}e subbn}d{ea me`ly #dj bd``dljs$;

Hnd} Xnùe Bensu}ebejq nq

]ewl}qdji Anqe Usdji

Aeso}dwqdlj

Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>>

ûlqea

W}does dj

Noqdxe

Bn}feqs hl}

Daejqdon`

Nsseqs

#@exe` >$

_dijdhdonjq

Lqce}

Lmse}xnmè

Djwuqs

#@exe` =$

_dijdhdonjq

Ujlmse}xnmè

Djwuqs

#@exe` ?$

Onsc e~udxnèjqs;

Bljet bn}feq hujas ! 34= ! 34= ! ‑ ! ‑

U*_* ilxe}jbejq nja niejot seou}dqdes >>7 >>7 ‑ ‑

Qlqn` onsc e~udxnèjqs >,77= >,77=

Bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes;

U*_* ilxe}jbejq nja niejot seou}dqdes =,?48 =,?48 ‑ ‑

Qlqn` onsc e~udxnèjqs nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes ! ?,?43 ! ?,?43 ! ‑ ! ‑

Hnd} Xnùe Bensu}ebejq nq

]ewl}qdji Anqe Usdji

Aeso}dwqdlj

Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>7

ûlqea

W}does dj

Noqdxe

Bn}feqs hl}

Daejqdon`

Nsseqs

#@exe` >$

_dijdhdonjq

Lqce}

Lmse}xnmè

Djwuqs

#@exe` =$

_dijdhdonjq

Ujlmse}xnmè

Djwuqs

#@exe` ?$

Onsc e~udxnèjqs;

Bljet bn}feq hujas ! >,157 ! >,157 ! ‑ ! ‑

Qlqn` onsc e~udxnèjqs ! >,157 ! >,157 ! ‑ ! ‑

I}lss uj}en`d{ea indjs l} `lsses hl} onsc e~udxnèjq nja bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>> ye}e jlq bnqe}dn`*

Qce hl``lydji qnmè o`nssdhdes lu} bn}feqnmè seou}dqdes mt oljq}noqun` bnqu}dqdes ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> #dj bd``dljs$;

Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>>

Aue dj lje ten} ! >,481

Aue dj lje ql hdxe ten}s 1?=

Qlqn` ! =,?48

H">4


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Jlqe 9* Olbbdqbejqs nja Oljqdjiejodes

@enses

Ye ejqe}ea djql xn}dlus onwdqn` ènse n}}njiebejqs ql lmqndj w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq hl} lu} lwe}nqdljs* Naadqdljn``t, lj loonsdlj ye cnxe wu}ocnsea w}lwe}qt nja e~udwbejq hl} ycdoc

ye cnxe sumse~uejq`t lmqndjea onwdqn` hdjnjodji ujae} snè"ènsemnof q}njsnoqdljs* Qcese ni}eebejqs n}e qtwdon``t hl} qc}ee ten}s eoewq hl} mudàdji ènses ycdoc n}e hl} >5 ten}s, ydqc djqe}esq

}nqes }njidji h}lb =% ql >?%* Qce ènses n}e seou}ea mt qce ujae}`tdji ènsea mudàdjis, ènseclà dbw}lxebejqs, nja e~udwbejq* Ye cnxe n`sl ejqe}ea djql xn}dlus jlj"onjoe`nmè lwe}nqdji

ènse ni}eebejqs hl} oe}qndj lh lu} lhhdoes, e~udwbejq, `nja nja anqn oejqe}s ydqc l}didjn` ènse we}dlas ewd}dji meqyeej =7>= nja =7=9* Ye n}e olbbdqqea ql wnt n wl}qdlj lh qce }e`nqea noqun`

lwe}nqdji ewejses ujae} oe}qndj lh qcese ènse ni}eebejqs* Oe}qndj lh qcese n}}njiebejqs cnxe h}ee }ejq we}dlas l} eson`nqdji }ejq wntbejq w}lxdsdljs, nja ye }eolijd{e }ejq ewejse ujae} suoc

n}}njiebejqs lj n sq}ndicq"`dje mnsds*

Qce hl``lydji ds n soceauè, mt ten}s, lh qce huqu}e bdjdbub ènse wntbejqs }e~ud}ea ujae} jlj"onjoe`nmè onwdqn` nja lwe}nqdji ènses ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> #dj bd``dljs$;

Onwdqn`

@enses

Lwe}nqdji

@enses

=7>= ! ?== ! >37

=7>? ==3 >?7

=7>1 >74 >>?

=7>5 >9 >7=

=7>8 >> 45

Qce}enhqe} >?7 ?=5

Qlqn` bdjdbub ense wntbejqs 3>9 ! 415

@ess nblujq }ew}esejqdji djqe}esq nja qnes #>17$

@ess ou}}ejq wl}qdlj lh qce w}esejq xnùe lh bdjdbub ènse wntbejqs #=94$

Onwdqn` ènse lm`dinqdljs, jeq lh ou}}ejq wl}qdlj ! ?43

Lwe}nqdji ènse ewejse qlqnèa !84 bd``dlj, !>93 bd``dlj, nja !=>4 bd``dlj hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, }esweoqdxe`t*

Ye n`sl cnxe !577 bd``dlj lh jlj"onjoe`nmè oljq}noqun` olbbdqbejqs ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, w}dbn}d`t }e`nqea ql e~udwbejq nja suww`des hl} lu} anqn oejqe} lwe}nqdljs, nja ql n

èsse} eqejq, oljsq}uoqdlj lh lu} anqn oejqe} sdqes* Qce bnkl}dqt lh qcese olbbdqbejqs n}e aue dj qce jeq qye`xe bljqcs*

Oljqdjiejodes

@ein` Bnqqe}s

Ye n}e wn}qt ql xn}dlus èin` w}loeeadjis nja o`ndbs ycdoc n}dse dj qce l}adjn}t olu}se lh musdjess* Dj qce lwdjdlj lh bnjniebejq, ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, qce}e yns jlq nq ènsq n

}ensljnmè wlssdmd`dqt qcnq ye cna djou}}ea n bnqe}dn` `lss, l} n bnqe}dn` `lss dj eoess lh n }eol}aea noo}un`, ydqc }esweoq ql `lss oljqdjiejodes*

H"=7


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Djaebjdhdonqdljs

Dj qce jl}bn` olu}se lh musdjess, ql hnod`dqnqe q}njsnoqdljs lh se}xdoes nja w}lauoqs, ye cnxe ni}eea ql djaebjdht oe}qndj wn}qdes ydqc }esweoq ql oe}qndj bnqqe}s* Ye cnxe ni}eea ql clà

oe}qndj wn}qdes cn}bèss nindjsq `lsses n}dsdji h}lb n m}enoc lh }ew}esejqnqdljs l} olxejnjqs, l} luq lh djqe`èoqun` w}lwe}qt djh}djiebejq l} lqce} o`ndbs bnae mt qcd}a wn}qdes* Dj naadqdlj, ye

cnxe n`sl ni}eea ql djaebjdht oe}qndj djxesql}s ydqc }esweoq ql }ew}esejqnqdljs bnae mt us dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce dssunjoe nja snè lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof* Qcese ni}eebejqs bnt `dbdq qce qdbe

ydqcdj ycdoc nj djaebjdhdonqdlj o`ndb onj me bnae nja qce nblujq lh qce o`ndb* Dj naadqdlj, ye cnxe ejqe}ea djql djaebjdhdonqdlj ni}eebejqs ydqc lu} lhhdoe}s, ad}eoql}s, nja oe}qndj ebw`ltees,

nja lu} oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja mt`nys oljqndj sdbd`n} djaebjdhdonqdlj lm`dinqdljs*

Dq ds jlq wlssdmè ql aeqe}bdje qce bndbub wlqejqdn` nblujq ujae} qcese djaebjdhdonqdlj ni}eebejqs aue ql qce `dbdqea cdsql}t lh w}dl} djaebjdhdonqdlj o`ndbs nja qce ujd~ue hnoqs nja

od}oubsqnjoes djxl`xea dj enoc wn}qdou`n} ni}eebejq* Cdsql}don``t, wntbejqs bnae mt us ujae} qcese ni}eebejqs cnxe jlq cna n bnqe}dn` dbwnoq lj lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` wlsdqdlj, }esu`qs lh

lwe}nqdljs l} onsc h`lys* Dj lu} lwdjdlj, ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, qce}e yns jlq nq ènsq n }ensljnmè wlssdmd`dqt ye cna djou}}ea n bnqe}dn` `lss ydqc }esweoq ql djaebjdhdonqdlj lh suoc wn}qdes*

Ye cnxe jlq }eol}aea njt `dnmd`dqt hl} olsqs }e`nqea ql djaebjdhdonqdlj qc}luic Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

Jlqe 3* _qlofclàe}s— E~udqt

Oljxe}qdmè W}ehe}}ea _qlof

Lu} oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj, ns nbejaea nja }esqnqea, nuqcl}d{es qce dssunjoe lh 584,77>,177 scn}es lh !7*777778 wn} xnùe oljxe}qdm e w}ehe}}ea sqlof* Qce hl``lydji qnmè

subbn}d{es qce oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof luqsqnjadji ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nja qce }dicqs nja w}ehe}ejoes lh qce }esweoqdxe se}des;

_cn}es Nii}einqe

@d~udanqdlj

W}ehe}ejoe

Adxdaeja

We} _cn}e

We} Njjub

Oljxe}sdlj

]nqdl

We} _cn}e Nuqcl}d{ea

Dssuea nja

Luqsqnjadji

#dj qclusnjas$ #dj qclusnjas$ #dj bd``dljs$

_e}des N >?1,919 >??,755 ! > ! 7*777?8395 >*777777

_e}des M ==8,7?= ==1,=9? >? 7*77158 >*7714>7

_e}des O 45,983 4>,1>7 =8 7*7==49??5 >*771474

_e}des A 89,151 57,547 ?95 7*54? >*7>=58>

_e}des E 15,777 11,7?3 =77 7*?8??=81 >*777777

Qlqn` 584,77> 51?,?88 ! 8>5

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, qce }dicqs, w}ehe}ejoes, nja w}dxdèies lh qce w}ehe}}ea sqlofclàe}s ye}e ns hl``lys;

Adxdaejas

Qce clàe}s lh scn}es lh _e}des N, _e}des M, _e}des O, _e}des A, nja _e}des E oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof n}e ejqdqèa ql }eoedxe jlj"oubu`nqdxe adxdaejas, luq lh njt nsseqs èin``t

nxnd`nmè hl} suoc wu}wlse, w}dl} nja dj w}ehe}ejoe ql njt aeo`n}nqdlj l} wntbejq lh njt adxdaeja lj qce O`nss N olbblj sqlof l} O`nss M olbblj sqlof, wntnmè ~un}qe}`t ycej, ns nja dh,

aeo`n}ea mt lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s* Nhqe} wntbejq lh suoc adxdaeja ql qce w}ehe}}ea sqlofclàe}s, luqsqnjadji scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof scn`` wn}qdodwnqe ydqc scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja

O`nss M olbblj sqlof lj nj ns"oljxe}qea ql O`nss M olbblj sqlof mnsds ns ql njt naadqdljn` adxdaejas* Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cna jlq aeo`n}ea njt adxdaejas*

H"=>


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Oljxe}sdlj

Enoc scn}e lh _e}des N, _e}des M, _e}des O, _e}des A, nja _e}des E w}ehe}}ea sqlof ds oljxe}qdmè, nq qce lwqdlj lh qce clàe} qce}elh, nq njt qdbe nhqe} qce anqe lh dssunjoe lh suoc scn}e,

djql suoc jubme} lh hu``t wnda nja jlj"nssessnmè scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns ds aeqe}bdjea mt adxdadji qce nww`donmè l}didjn` dssue w}doe mt qce oljxe}sdlj w}doe nww`donmè ql suoc

scn}e dj ehheoq lj qce anqe lh oljxe}sdlj*

Qce oljxe}sdlj w}doe lh enoc se}des lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof bnt me sumkeoq ql nakusqbejq h}lb qdbe ql qdbe ujae} oe}qndj od}oubsqnjoes* Qce oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof dssuea ql anqe yns slà

nq w}does }njidji h}lb !7*771875 ql !9*1>=151 we} scn}e, ycdoc, dj n`` onses, eoeeaea qce qcej blsq }eoejq }enssessea hnd} xnùe lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof* Nool}adji`t, qce}e yns jl

djq}djsdo xnùe nsslodnqea ydqc qce dssunjoe lh qce oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof qc}luic Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, nja qce}e ye}e jl lqce} sewn}nqe djsq}ubejqs dssuea ydqc qce oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea

sqlof, suoc ns yn}}njqs* Qce}ehl}e, ye cnxe oljoùaea qcnq qce}e yns jl mejehdodn` oljxe}sdlj lwqdlj nsslodnqea ydqc qce oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof dssunjoes*

Enoc scn}e lh _e}des N, _e}des M, _e}des O, _e}des A, nja _e}des E oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof scn`` nuqlbnqdon``t me oljxe}qea djql hu``t wnda, jlj"nssessnmè scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj

sqlof dbbeadnqe`t uwlj qce en}`de} lh; #d$ qce snè mt us lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof l} O`nss M olbblj sqlof dj n hd}b olbbdqbejq ujae}y}dqqej wum`do lhhe}dji wu}sunjq ql n }eidsq}nqdlj

sqnqebejq ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq lh >4??, ns nbejaea #_eou}dqdes Noq$, qce wum`do lhhe}dji w}doe lh ycdoc }esu`qs dj nii}einqe onsc w}loeeas ql us lh jlq èss qcnj !>77 bd``dlj #jeq lh

ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs$, l} #dd$ qce anqe sweodhdea mt y}dqqej oljsejq l} ni}eebejq lh qce clàe}s lh n bnkl}dqt lh qce qcej"luqsqnjadji scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof, xlqdji qlieqce}

ns n sdjiè o`nss lj nj ns"oljxe}qea mnsds, w}lxdaea, clyexe}, qcnq dh #n$ qce clàe}s lh n bnkl}dqt lh qce qcej"luqsqnjadji scn}es lh _e}des A oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof al jlq oljsejq l} ni}ee l}

#m$ qce clàe}s lh n bnkl}dqt lh qce qcej"luqsqnjadji scn}es lh _e}des E oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof al jlq oljsejq l} ni}ee, qcej dj edqce} suoc onse qce oljxe}sdlj scn`` jlq me ehheoqdxe ns ql njt

scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof ujqd` >37 ants nhqe} qce anqe lh qce y}dqqej oljsejq lh qce bnkl}dqt lh qce qcej"luqsqnjadji scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof*

@d~udanqdlj W}ehe}ejoes

Dj qce exejq ye `d~udanqe, adssl`xe, l} ydja uw lu} musdjess, edqce} xlùjqn}d`t l} djxlùjqn}d`t, qce clàe}s lh lu} _e}des N, _e}des M, _e}des O, _e}des A, nja _e}des E oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea

sqlof scn`` me ejqdqèa ql }eoedxe, w}dl} nja dj w}ehe}ejoe ql njt adsq}dmuqdlj lh njt lh lu} nsseqs ql qce clàe}s lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof l} O`nss M olbblj sqlof, nj nblujq we} scn}e e~un` ql

!7*771875, !7*75977=5, !7*=39>883, !9*1>=151, nja !1*51>53 we} scn}e #ns nakusqea hl} sqlof sw`dqs, sqlof adxdaejas, }eo`nssdhdonqdljs, nja qce `dfe$, }esweoqdxe`t, wùs njt aeo`n}ea muq ujwnda

adxdaejas*

Dh, uwlj qce loou}}ejoe lh njt lh qcese exejqs, qce nsseqs nja hujas adsq}dmuqea nblji qce clàe}s lh qce _e}des N, _e}des M, _e}des O, _e}des A, nja _e}des E oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof

scn`` me djsuhhdodejq ql we}bdq qce wntbejq ql suoc clàe}s lh qce hu`` nhl}esnda w}ehe}ejqdn` nblujqs, qcej lu} ejqd}e nsseqs nja hujas èin``t nxnd`nmè hl} adsq}dmuqdlj scn`` me adsq}dmuqea }nqnm`tnblji qce clàe}s lh qce _e}des N, _e}des M, _e}des O, _e}des A, nja _e}des E oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof dj w}lwl}qdlj ql qce w}ehe}ejqdn` nblujq enoc suoc clàe} ds lqce}ydse ejqdqèa ql }eoedxe*

Dh qce}e n}e njt }ebndjdji nsseqs uwlj qce olbwèqdlj lh qce `d~udanqdji adsq}dmuqdlj ql qce _e}des N, _e}des M, _e}des O, _e}des A, nja _e}des E oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlofclàe}s, qce

clàe}s lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof yd`` }eoedxe n`` lu} }ebndjdji nsseqs* Qce be}ie} l} oljsl`danqdlj lh us djql njlqce} ejqdqt dj ycdoc lu} sqlofclàe}s lyj èss

qcnj 57% lh qce xlqdji sqlof lh qce su}xdxdji olbwnjt, l} qce snè, q}njshe}, l} ènse lh sumsqnjqdn``t n`` lu} nsseqs, scn`` me aeebea n `d~udanqdlj, adsslùqdlj, l} ydjadji uw lh us* Ns qce

‐}eaebwqdlj‒ exejqs n}e ydqcdj lu} oljq}l` hl} n`` we}dlas w}esejqea, n`` scn}es lh w}ehe}}ea sqlof cnxe meej w}esejqea ns wn}q lh we}bnjejq e~udqt*

H"==


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Xlqdji ]dicqs

Qce clàe} lh enoc scn}e lh _e}des N, _e}des M, _e}des O, _e}des A, nja _e}des E oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof scn`` cnxe qce snbe xlqdji }dicqs ns qce clàe}s lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof, ds

ejqdqèa ql jlqdoe lh njt sqlofclàe}s— beeqdji dj nool}anjoe ydqc lu} mt`nys, nja qlieqce} ydqc qce clàe}s lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof, qce _e}des N, _e}des M,

_e}des O, _e}des A, nja _e}des E oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof yd`` xlqe qlieqce} ns n sdjiè o`nss lj n`` bnqqe}s ycdoc clàe}s lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof cnxe qce }dicq ql

xlqe, ujèss lqce}ydse sqnqea* Enoc clàe} lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ds ejqdqèa ql lje xlqe hl} enoc scn}e lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ceà6 enoc clàe} lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ds ejqdqèa ql qej

xlqes hl} enoc scn}e lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ceà6 nja enoc clàe} lh _e}des N, _e}des M, _e}des O, _e}des A, nja _e}des E oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof ds ejqdqèa ql qej xlqes hl} enoc scn}e lh

O`nss M olbblj sqlof djql ycdoc suoc oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof oluà me oljxe}qea*

Olbblj _qlof

Lu} oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nuqcl}d{es qce dssunjoe lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof* Ye n}e nuqcl}d{ea ql dssue 1,>1>,777,777 scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof

nja 1,>1>,777,777 scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof, enoc ydqc n wn} xnùe lh !7*777778 we} scn}e* Clàe}s lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e ejqdqèa ql adxdaejas

ycej, ns nja dh, aeo`n}ea mt lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s, sumkeoq ql qce }dicqs lh qce clàe}s lh n`` o`nsses lh sqlof luqsqnjadji cnxdji w}dl}dqt }dicqs ql adxdaejas* Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cna jlq

aeo`n}ea njt adxdaejas* Qce clàe} lh enoc scn}e lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof ds ejqdqèa ql lje xlqe, ycdè qce clàe} lh enoc scn}e lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ds ejqdqèa ql qej xlqes* Nhqe} lu} djdqdn`

wum`do lhhe}dji, n q}njshe} lh scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof yd`` ieje}n``t }esu`q dj qclse scn}es oljxe}qdji ql O`nss N olbblj sqlof* O`nss N olbblj sqlof nja O`nss M olbblj sqlof n}e

}ehe}}ea ql ns olbblj sqlof qc}luicluq qce jlqes ql qcese hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs, ujèss lqce}ydse jlqea*

_cn}e"mnsea Olbwejsnqdlj W`njs

Ye bndjqndj qyl scn}e"mnsea ebw`ltee olbwejsnqdlj w`njs* Dj Knjun}t =775, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nja sqlofclàe}s nalwqea nja nww}lxea qce =775 _qlof W`nj, ns nbejaea, ycdoc

w}lxdaes hl} qce dssunjoe lh djoejqdxe nja jljsqnquql}t sqlof lwqdljs nja ]_Us ql ~un`dhdea ebw`ltees, ad}eoql}s, nja oljsu`qnjqs* Dj Jlxebme} =775, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nalwqea nja

nww}lxea qce =775 Lhhdoe}s— _qlof W`nj #qlieqce} ydqc qce =775 _qlof W`nj, qce _qlof W`njs$, ycdoc w}lxdaes hl} qce dssunjoe lh djoejqdxe nja jljsqnquql}t sqlof lwqdljs ql oe}qndj ebw`ltees l}

lhhdoe}s*

Qce qe}b lh sqlof lwqdljs dssuea ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj bnt jlq eoeea qej ten}s h}lb qce anqe lh i}njq* Ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj, djoejqdxe sqlof lwqdljs nja jljsqnquql}t sqlof

lwqdljs n}e i}njqea nq nj ee}odse w}doe qcnq ds jlq ql me èss qcnj >77% lh qce hnd} bn}feq xnùe lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof lj qce anqe lh i}njq, ns aeqe}bdjea mt lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee*

_qlof lwqdljs meolbe xesqea nja ee}odsnmè nq suoc qdbes nja ujae} suoc oljadqdljs ns aeqe}bdjea mt lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee lj qce anqe lh i}njq*

Qce =775 Lhhdoe}s— _qlof W`nj w}lxdaes hl} qce dssunjoe lh uw ql >=7,777,777 scn}es lh djoejqdxe nja jljsqnquql}t sqlof lwqdljs ql oe}qndj lh lu} ebw`ltees l} lhhdoe}s* Qce =775

Lhhdoe}s— _qlof W`nj yd`` qe}bdjnqe qej ten}s nhqe} dqs nalwqdlj ujèss qe}bdjnqea en}`de} mt lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee* _qlof lwqdljs meolbe xesqea nja ee}odsnmè nq suoc qdbes nja ujae}

suoc oljadqdljs ns aeqe}bdjea mt lu} olbwejsnqdlj olbbdqqee lj qce anqe lh i}njq* Dj Jlxebme} =775, ye dssuea n jljsqnquql}t sqlof lwqdlj ql lu} OEL ql wu}ocnse >=7,777,777 scn}es lh lu}

O`nss M olbblj sqlof ujae} qce =775 Lhhdoe}s— _qlof W`nj* Nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, qce lwqdlj yns luqsqnjadji nja hu``t xesqea, nja jl lwqdljs ye}e nxnd`nmè hl} huqu}e dssunjoe ujae} qce =775

Lhhdoe}s— _qlof W`nj*

H"=?


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Qce hl``lydji qnmè subbn}d{es qce sqlof lwqdlj nja ]_U nyn}a noqdxdqt ujae} qce _qlof W`njs meqyeej Knjun}t >, =774 nja Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>;

_cn}es _umkeoq ql Lwqdljs Luqsqnjadji Luqsqnjadji ]_Us

_cn}es

Nxnd`nmè

hl} I}njq

Jubme} lh

_cn}es

Yedicqea

Nxe}nie

Ee}odse

W}doe

Yedicqea"

Nxe}nie

]ebndjdji

Oljq}noqun`

Qe}b

Nii}einqe

Djq}djsdo

Xnùe

Luqsqnjadji

]_Us

Yedicqea

Nxe}nie

I}njq

Anqe

Hnd}

Xnùe

#dj qclusnjas$ #dj qclusnjas$ #dj ten}s$ #dj bd``dljs$ #dj qclusnjas$

Mn`njoe ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =773 >5,=59 194,3>> ! 7*>9 ! ‑ >?8,3?? ! >*9=

Djo}ense dj scn}es nuqcl}d{ea =5>,484 ‑ ‑

]_Us i}njqea #>54,>89$ ‑ >54,>89 =*?5

_qlof lwqdljs i}njqea #>?,335$ >?,335 =*51 ‑

_qlof lwqdljs ee}odsea ‑ #59,154$ 7*>5 ‑

_qlof lwqdljs hl}hedqeaonjoe`èa 5,448 #5,448$ 7*37 ‑

]_Us hl}hedqea nja onjoe`èa >7,5>> ‑ #>7,5>>$ >*3>

Mn`njoe ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =774 >>7,83> 1?7,=1> 7*=5 8*?4 >,937 =35,134 =*79

Djo}ense dj scn}es nuqcl}d{ea =5,777 ‑

]_Us i}njqea #83,753$ ‑ 83,753 >7*58

_qlof lwqdljs i}njqea #1,978$ 1,978 >>*59 ‑

_qlof lwqdljs ee}odsea ‑ #84,4>7$ 7*74 ‑

_qlof lwqdljs hl}hedqeaonjoe`èa =,788 #=,788$ 7*== ‑

]_Us hl}hedqea nja onjoe`èa >>,?44 ‑ #>>,?44$ >?*>=

Mn`njoe ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 98,?3= ?8=,49> 7*1= 5*?9 9,1>5 ?1=,>13 ?*?4

Djo}ense dj scn}es nuqcl}d{ea >7,777 ‑ ‑

]_Us i}njqea #55,>=8$ ‑ 55,>=8 =8*?=

_qlof lwqdljs ee}odsea ‑ #>7>,39=$ 7*=9 ‑

_qlof lwqdljs hl}hedqeaonjoe`èa =,587 #=,587$ >*87 ‑

]_Us hl}hedqea nja onjoe`èa >3,57= ‑ #>3,57=$ 9*49

Mn`njoe ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> 5=,?>3 =53,5?4 ! 7*19 1*?3 ! 9,?87 ?93,99= 8*3?

Xesqea nja eweoqea ql xesq ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> =53,183 ! 7*19 1*?3 ! 9,?54 ‑

Ee}odsnmè ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> =11,314 ! 7*>4 1*>4 ! 9,717 ‑

#>$ Nhqe} eoùadji >?? qclusnja }esq}doqea sqlof nyn}as jlq djoùaea dj qce qnmè nmlxe, 5=,>35 qclusnja scn}es n}e nxnd`nmè hl} i}njq ujae} qce _qlof W`njs ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>*

#=$ Qce nii}einqe djq}djsdo xnùe ds onòu`nqea ns qce adhhe}ejoe meqyeej qce ee}odse w}doe lh qce ujae}`tdji sqlof lwqdlj nyn}as nja qce nssessea hnd} xnùe lh lu} olbblj sqlof ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7, nja =7>>*

H"=1

#>$ #=$


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Qce hl``lydji qnmè subbn}d{es naadqdljn` djhl}bnqdlj }ein}adji luqsqnjadji nja ee}odsnmè lwqdljs ujae} qce _qlof W `njs nq Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>;

Lwqdljs Luqsqnjadji Lwqdljs Ee}odsnmè

Ee}odse

W}doe #]njie$

Jubme} lh

_cn}es

Yedicqea"

Nxe}nie

]ebndjdji

@dhe

Yedicqea"

Nxe}nie

Ee}odse

W}doe

Jubme} lh

_cn}es

Yedicqea"

Nxe}nie

Ee}odse

W}doe

#dj qclusnjas$ #dj ten}s$ #dj qclusnjas$

!7*77 " 7*71 =9,841 ?*>1 ! 7*7> =9,841 ! 7*7>7*78 >?5,38? ?*35 7*78 >?5,38? 7*78

7*>7 " 7*>3 ?1,>38 1*?3 7*>? ?1,>38 7*>?

7*=4 " 7*?? ?9,885 5*?7 7*?> ?9,885 7*?>

>*93 5,?=3 8*53 >*93 =,8?9 >*93

>*35 5,9>5 9*7? >*35 ?,1=? >*35

=*45 =,333 9*8? =*45 >,?58 =*45

?*=? 1,577 9*3= ?*=? =,7=5 ?*=?

>7*?4 ?,577 3*58 >7*?4 ‑ ‑

>5*77 >,=77 3*37 >5*77 ‑ ‑

=53,5?4 1*?3 ! 7*19 =11 ,314 ! 7*>4

Qce nii}einqe djq}djsdo xnùe lh qce lwqdljs ee}odsea dj =774, =7>7, nja =7>>, yns !>14 bd``dlj, !14= bd``dlj, nja !=,?37 bd``dlj }esweoqdxe`t* Qce qlqn` i}njq anqe hnd} xnùe lh sqlof

lwqdljs xesqea au}dji =774, =7>7, nja =7>> yns !>8 bd``dlj, !>8 bd``dlj, nja !8 bd``dlj, }esweoqdxe`t* Qce qlqn` jubme} lh ujxesqea scn}es sumkeoq ql lwqdljs nja ]_Us luqsqnjadji ns lh

Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7, nja =7>> yns ?45 bd``dlj, ?91 bd``dlj, nja ?4= bd``dlj, }esweoqdxe`t*

_cn}es ]ese}xea hl} Huqu}e Dssunjoe

Ye cnxe qce hl``lydji scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof }ese}xea hl} huqu}e dssunjoe ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> #dj qclusnjas$;

=775 _qlof W`nj;

_cn}es sumkeoq ql lwqdljs luqsqnjadji >?3,5?4

]esq}doqea sqlof ujdqs luqsqnjadji ?93,99=

_cn}es nxnd`nmè hl} huqu}e i}njqs 5=,>35

=775 Lhhdoe}s— _qlof W`nj scn}es sumkeoq ql lwqdljs luqsqnjadji >=7,777

Oljxe}qdmè w}ehe}}ea sqlof, n`` se}des 515,55>

>,=?5,719

Dj naadqdlj, ye cnxe }ese}xea scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof hl} huqu}e dssunjoe wu}sunjq ql qce oljxe}sdlj lh njt scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof qcnq n}e ou}}ejq`t luqsqnjadji l} qcnq

bnt me dssuea dj qce huqu}e*

H"=5


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Jlqe 4* Djolbe Qnes

Qce olbwljejqs lh djolbe mehl}e w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7, nja =7>> n}e ns hl``lys #dj bd``dljs$;


=774 =7>7 =7>>

Albesqdo ! =87 ! > ,7=9 !> ,3>4

Hl}edij #8$ #>4$ #>=1$

Qlqn` djolbe mehl}e w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes ! =51 ! >,773 ! >,845

Qce w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes oljsdsqea lh qce hl``lydji #dj bd``dljs$;


=774 =7>7 =7>>

Ou}}ejq;

Heae}n` ! 3? ! ?=5 ! 881

_qnqe >1 59 87

Hl}edij > > 3

Qlqn` ou}}ejq qn ewejse 43 ?3? 9?=

Aehe}}ea;

Heae}n` #87$ >? #?1$

_qnqe #>?$ 8 #?$

Qlqn` aehe}}ea qn ewejse #mejehdq$ #9?$ >4 #?9$

W}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes ! =5 ! 17= ! 845

N }eoljod`dnqdlj lh qce U*_* heae}n` sqnquql}t djolbe qn }nqe lh ?5% ql lu} ehheoqdxe qn }nqe ds ns hl``lys #dj we}oejqnies$;


=774 =7>7 =7>>

U*_* heae}n` sqnquql}t djolbe qn }nqe ?5*7% ?5*7% ?5*7%

_qnqe djolbe qnes, jeq lh heae}n` mejehdq 7*= 1*7 >*4

]esen}oc qn o}eadqs #>*=$ #7*3$ #>*7$

_cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj 7*3 7*? >*5

Hl}edij `lsses jlq mejehdqea >*> 7*3 ?*?

Ocnjie dj xnùnqdlj n``lynjoe #=5*8$ ‑ 7*?

Lqce} #7*?$ 7*8 ‑

Ehheoqdxe qn }nqe >7*7% ?4*4% 1>*7%

Eoess qn mejehdqs nsslodnqea ydqc sqlof lwqdlj ee}odses nja lqce} e~udqt nyn}as n}e o}eadqea ql sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt* Qce djolbe qn mejehdqs }esu`qdji h}lb sqlof nyn}as qcnq ye}e

o}eadqea ql sqlofclàe}s— e~udqt ye}e !57 bd``dlj, !>79 bd``dlj nja !1?? bd``dlj hl} qce ten}s ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774, =7>7, nja =7>>*

H"=8


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Lu} aehe}}ea qn nsseqs #`dnmd`dqdes$ n}e ns hl``lys #dj bd``dljs$;

Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>7 =7>>

Aehe}}ea qn nsseqs;

Jeq lwe}nqdji lss on}}thl}yn}a ! = ! ?

Qn o}eadq on}}thl}yn}a ‑ 4

_cn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj =3 94Noo}uea ewejses nja lqce} dnmd`dqdes ?3 53

Qlqn` aehe}}ea qn nsseqs 83 >14

@ess; xnùnqdlj n``lynjoe ‑ #4$

Aehe}}ea qn nsseqs, jeq lh xnùnqdlj n``lynjoe 83 >17

Aehe}}ea qn dnmd`dqdes;

Aew}eodnqdlj nja nbl}qd{nqdlj #=>$ #84$

Wu}ocnsea djqnjidmè nsseqs #3$ #>7$

Aehe}}ea hl}edij qnes ‑ #>$

Qlqn` aehe}}ea qn dnmd`dqdes #=4$ #37$

Jeq aehe}}ea qn nsseqs ! ?4 ! 87

Qce xnùnqdlj n``lynjoe yns nww}ldbnqe`t !4 bd``dlj ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, }e`nqea ql sqnqe qn o}eadqs qcnq ye al jlq me`dexe yd`` u`qdbnqe`t me }en`d{ea* Qce}e yns jl ocnjie ql qce

xnùnqdlj n``lynjoe hl} qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7* Qce xnùnqdlj n``lynjoe aeo}ensea mt nww}ldbnqe`t !98 bd``dlj hl} qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =774*

Ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye cna U*_* heae}n` nja On`dhl}jdn jeq lwe}nqdji `lss on}}thl}yn}as lh !9 bd``dlj nja !>9 bd``dlj, ycdoc yd`` ewd}e dj =7=9 nja =7=>, }esweoqdxe`t, dh jlq

uqd`d{ea* Ye n`sl cnxe sqnqe qn o}eadq on}}thl}yn}as lh !4 bd``dlj, ycdoc on}}t hl}yn}a djaehdjdqe`t*

Uqd`d{nqdlj lh lu} jeq lwe}nqdji `lss nja qn o}eadq on}}thl}yn}as bnt me sumkeoq ql sumsqnjqdn` njjun` `dbdqnqdljs aue ql qce lyje}scdw ocnjie `dbdqnqdljs w}lxdaea mt qce Djqe}jn`

]exejue Olae nja sdbd`n} sqnqe w}lxdsdljs* _uoc njjun` `dbdqnqdljs oluà }esu`q dj qce ewd}nqdlj lh qce jeq lwe}nqdji `lss nja qn o}eadq on}}thl}yn}as mehl}e qced} uqd`d{nqdlj* Qce exejqs qcnq

bnt onuse lyje}scdw ocnjies djoùae, muq n}e jlq `dbdqea ql, n oubu`nqdxe sqlof lyje}scdw ocnjie lh i}enqe} qcnj 57% lxe} n qc}ee"ten} we}dla*

Lu} jeq hl}edij w}eqn `lsses djoùae ku}dsadoqdljs ydqc mlqc w}eqn en}jdjis nja w}eqn `lsses* Lu} oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs w}lxdae qnes hl} n`` }e`nqea qn `dnmd`dqdes qcnq yluà

n}dse uwlj }ewnq}dnqdlj lh en}jdjis dj qce hl}edij ku}dsadoqdljs yce}e ye al jlq djqeja ql djaehdjdqe`t }edjxesq qclse en}jdjis luqsdae qce Ujdqea _qnqes, nja qce nblujq lh qnes w}lxdaea hl} cns

meej djsdijdhdonjq*

H"=9


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Qce hl``lydji qnmè }ehèoqs ocnjies dj qce i}lss uj}eolijd{ea qn mejehdqs #dj bd``dljs$;


=774 =7>7 =7>>

I}lss uj}eolijd{ea qn mejehdqs‑meidjjdji lh we}dla ! ? ! 4 ! >3

Djo}ense }e`nqea ql w}dl} ten} qn wlsdqdljs 8 > 5

Aeo}enses }e`nqea ql w}dl} ten} qn wlsdqdljs ‑ #=$ #=$

Djo}enses }e`nqea ql ou}}ejq ten} qn wlsdqdljs ‑ >7 1=I}lss uj}eolijd{ea qn mejehdqs‑eja lh we}dla ! 4 ! >3 ! 8?

Au}dji n`` ten}s w}esejqea, ye }eolijd{ea djqe}esq nja wejn`qdes }e`nqea ql uj}eolijd{ea qn mejehdqs ydqcdj qce w}lxdsdlj hl} djolbe qnes lj qce oljsl`danqea sqnqebejqs lh djolbe* Hl}

qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>, =7>>, ye }eolijd{ea djqe}esq lh !> bd``dlj nja wejn`qdes lh !? bd``dlj* Qce nblujq lh djqe}esq nja wejn`qdes noo}uea ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7 nja =7>> yns !>

bd``dlj nja !8 bd``dlj, }esweoqdxe`t*

Dh qce }ebndjdji mn`njoe lh i}lss uj}eolijd{ea qn mejehdqs lh !8? bd``dlj ns lh Aeoebme} ?>, =7>> yns }en`d{ea dj n huqu}e we}dla, qcds yluà }esu`q dj n qn mejehdq lh !5> bd``dlj ydqcdj

lu} w}lxdsdlj lh djolbe qnes nq suoc qdbe*

Ye n}e sumkeoq ql qnnqdlj dj qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja xn}dlus lqce} sqnqe nja hl}edij ku}dsadoqdljs* Qce bnqe}dn` ku}dsadoqdljs dj ycdoc ye n}e sumkeoq ql wlqejqdn` enbdjnqdlj mt qndji

nuqcl}dqdes djoùae qce Ujdqea _qnqes nja D}e`nja* Dj =7>>, qce Djqe}jn` ]exejue _e}xdoe #D]_$ olbbejoea dqs enbdjnqdljs lh lu} =773 nja =774 qn ten}s* Ye me`dexe qcnq nae~unqe nblujqs

cnxe meej }ese}xea hl} njt nakusqbejqs qcnq bnt u`qdbnqe`t }esu`q h}lb qcese enbdjnqdljs nja ye al jlq njqdodwnqe n sdijdhdonjq dbwnoq ql lu} i}lss uj}eolijd{ea qn mejehdqs ydqcdj qce jeq >=

bljqcs }e`nqea ql qcese ten}s* Lu} =7>7 nja =7>> qn ten}s }ebndj sumkeoq ql enbdjnqdlj mt qce D]_ nja n`` qn ten}s sqn}qdji dj =773 }ebndj sumkeoq ql enbdjnqdlj dj D}e`nja* Ye }ebndj

sumkeoq ql wlssdmè enbdjnqdljs l} n}e ujae}ildji nuadqs dj xn}dlus lqce} ku}dsadoqdljs qcnq n}e jlq bnqe}dn` ql lu} hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs*

N`qcluic qce qdbdji lh qce }esl uqdlj, seqqèbejq, nja o`lsu}e lh njt nuadqs ds cdic`t ujoe}qndj, dq ds }ensljnm t wlssdmè qcnq qce mn`njoe lh i}lss uj}eolijd{ea qn mejehdqs oluà

sdijdhdonjq`t ocnjie dj qce jeq >= bljqcs* Clyexe}, idxej qce jubme} lh ten}s }ebndjdji qcnq n}e sumkeoq ql enbdjnqdlj, ye n}e ujnmè ql esqdbnqe qce hu`` }njie lh wlssdmè nakusqbejqs ql qce

mn`njoe lh i}lss uj}eolijd{ea qn mejehdqs*

Jlqe >7* Ieli}nwcdon` Djhl}bnqdlj

]exejue mt ieli}nwct ds mnsea lj qce md``dji naa}ess lh qce naxe}qdse} l} W`nqhl}b aexe`lwe}* Qce hl``lydji qnmè seqs hl}qc }exejue nja `lji"`dxea nsseqs mt ieli}nwcdo n}en #dj

bd``dljs$;


=774 =7>7 =7>>

]exejue;

Ujdqea _qnqes ! 5>3 ! >,==? != ,789

]esq lh qce yl}à =54 95> >,811

Qlqn` }exejue ! 999 ! >,491 ! ?,9>>

#>$ Jl djadxdaun` olujq}t eoeeaea >7% lh lu} qlqn` }exejue hl} njt we}dla w}esejqea*

H"=3

#>$


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

HNOEMLLF, DJO*


Aeoebme} ?>,

=7>7 =7>>

@lji"`dxea nsseqs;

Ujdqea _qnqes ! 589 ! >,111

]esq lh qce yl}à 9 ?>

Qlqn` lji"`dxea nsseqs ! 591 ! >,195

Jlqe >>* ]e`nqea Wn}qt Q}njsnoqdljs

Au}dji =774, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nuqcl}d{ea us ql nyn}a qyl bd``dlj scn}es lh O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql n hnbd`t bebme} lh lu} OEL* Qcds nyn}a yns bnae dj snqdshnoqdlj lh hujas

w}lxdaea hl} lu} djdqdn` yl}fdji onwdqn` nja wlqejqdn` }e`nqea o`ndbs* Ye }eol}aea scn}e"mnsea olbwejsnqdlj ewejse lh !4 bd``dlj }e`nqea ql qcds sqlof nyn}a hl} qce ten} ejaea Aeoebme} ?>,

=774*

Jlqe >=* _umse~uejq Exejqs

Ye cnxe exnùnqea sumse~uejq exejqs qc}luic Hem}un}t >, =7>=, ycdoc ds qce anqe qce hdjnjodn` sqnqebejqs ye}e nxnd`nmè ql me dssuea*

Dj Knjun}t =7>=, lu} mln}a lh ad}eoql}s nalwqea lu} =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj, sumkeoq ql sqlofclàe} nww}lxn`, ycdoc w`nj yd`` meolbe ehheoqdxe lj qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh lu} djdqdn`

wum`do lhhe}dji* Qce =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj yd`` suooeea lu} =775 _qlof W`nj nja ye yd`` oense i}njqdji nyn}as ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj* Ye cnxe }ese}xea =5 bd``dlj scn}es lh O`nss N

olbblj sqlof hl} dssunjoe ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj, wùs nj naadqdljn` jubme} lh scn}es lh O`nss N olbblj sqlof e~un` ql njt scn}es }ese}xea muq jlq dssuea l} sumkeoq ql luqsqnjadji nyn}as

ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj lj qce ehheoqdxe anqe lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, wùs, #d$ scn}es qcnq n}e sumkeoq ql luqsqnjadji nyn}as ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj ycdoc oense ql me sumkeoq ql suoc

nyn}as, #dd$ scn}es dssuea ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj ycdoc n}e hl}hedqea l} }ewu}ocnsea nq qced} l}didjn` dssue w}doe, nja #ddd$ scn}es sumkeoq ql nyn}as ujae} qce =775 _qlof W`nj qcnq n}e usea ql

wnt qce ee}odse w}doe lh nj lwqdlj l} ydqcceà ql snqdsht qce qn ydqcclàdji lm`dinqdljs }e`nqea ql njt nyn}a* Qce =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj w}lxdaes hl} nuqlbnqdo djo}enses dj qce jubme} lh

scn}es }ese}xea hl} dssunjoe lj Knjun}t > lh enoc ten}*

H"=4


h >45 ===7>=



Qnm`e lh Oljqejqs


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

WN]Q DD

DJHL]BNQDLJ JLQ ]EÛD]EA DJ W]L_WEOQU_

Dqeb >?* Lqce} Ewejses lh Dssunjoe nja Adsq}dmuqdlj

Qce hl``lydji qnmè seqs hl}qc n`` ewejses ql me wnda mt qce ]eidsq}njq, lqce} qcnj esqdbnqea ujae}y}dqdji adsolujqs nja olbbdssdljs, dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji* N``

nblujqs sclyj n}e esqdbnqes eoewq hl} qce _EO }eidsq}nqdlj hee nja qce HDJ]N hd`dji hee;

_EO }eidsq}nqdlj hee ! 59?,777

HDJ]N hd`dji hee 95,577

_qlof Eocnjie @dsqdji hee +W}djqdji nja eji}nxdji +

@ein` hees nja ewejses +

Noolujqdji hees nja ewejses +

Mùe sft hees nja ewejses #djoùadji èin` hees$ +

Q}njshe} niejq nja }eidsq}n} hees +

Bdsoe``njelus +

Qlqn` ! +

+ Ql me olbwèqea mt nbejabejq*

Dqeb >1* Djaebjdhdonqdlj lh Ad}eoql}s nja Lhhdoe}s

_eoqdlj >15 lh qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny nuqcl}d{es n olu}q ql nyn}a, l} n ol}wl}nqdlj—s mln}a lh ad}eoql}s ql i}njq, djaebjdqt ql ad}eoql}s nja lhhdoe}s ujae} oe}qndj

od}oubsqnjoes nja sumkeoq ql oe}qndj `dbdqnqdljs* Qce qe}bs lh _eoqdlj >15 lh qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny n}e suhhdodejq`t m}lna ql we}bdq djaebjdhdonqdlj ujae} oe}qndj od}oubsqnjoes

hl} `dnmd`dqdes, djoùadji }edbmu}sebejq lh ewejses djou}}ea, n}dsdji ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq lh >4??, ns nbejaea #qce _eou}dqdes Noq$*

Ns we}bdqqea mt qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny, qce ]eidsq}njq—s }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj qcnq yd`` me dj ehheoq nq qce o`lsdji lh qce lhhe}dji oljqndjs w}lxdsdljs qcnq

e`dbdjnqe qce we}sljn` `dnmd`dqt lh dqs ad}eoql}s hl} bljeqn}t anbnies hl} njt m}enoc lh hdauodn}t auqdes ns n ad}eoql}, eoewq `dnmd`dqt hl} qce hl``lydji;

• njt m}enoc lh qce ad}eoql}—s auqt lh `ltn`qt ql qce ]eidsq}njq l} dqs sqlofclàe}s6

• noqs l} lbdssdljs jlq dj illa hndqc l} qcnq djxl`xe djqejqdljn` bdsoljauoq l} n fjlydji xdl`nqdlj lh `ny6

• ujae} _eoqdlj >91 lh qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny #}ein}adji uj`nyhu` adxdaejas nja sqlof wu}ocnses$6 l}

• njt q}njsnoqdlj h}lb ycdoc qce ad}eoql} ae}dxea nj dbw}lwe} we}sljn` mejehdq*

Ns we}bdqqea mt qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny, qce ]eidsq}njq—s }esqnqea mt`nys qcnq yd`` me dj ehheoq nq qce o`lsdji lh lu} djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, w}lxdae qcnq;

• qce ]eidsq}njq ds }e~ud}ea ql djaebjdht dqs ad}eoql}s nja eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ql qce hu`èsq eqejq we}bdqqea mt qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny, sumkeoq ql xe}t `dbdqea

eoewqdljs6

• qce ]eidsq}njq bnt djaebjdht dqs lqce} ebw`ltees nja niejqs ns seq hl}qc dj qce Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny6

DD">


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• qce ]eidsq}njq ds }e~ud}ea ql naxnjoe ewejses, ns djou}}ea, ql dqs ad}eoql}s nja eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc n èin` w}loeeadji ql qce hu`èsq eqejq we}bdqqea mt qce

Ae`nyn}e Ieje}n` Ol}wl}nqdlj @ny, sumkeoq ql xe}t dbdqea eoewqdljs6 nja

• qce }dicqs oljhe}}ea dj qce mt`nys n}e jlq eoùsdxe*

Qce ]eidsq}njq cns ejqe}ea, nja djqejas ql oljqdjue ql ejqe}, djql sewn}nqe djaebjdhdonqdlj ni}eebejqs ydqc dqs ad}eoql}s nja eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s ql w}lxdae qcese ad}eoql}s nja eeouqdxe

lhhdoe}s naadqdljn` oljq}noqun` nssu}njoes }ein}adji qce solwe lh qce djaebjdhdonqdlj seq hl}qc dj qce ]eidsq}njq—s }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj nja }esqnqea mt`nys nja ql w}lxdae naadqdljn`

w}loeau}n` w}lqeoqdljs* Nq w}esejq, qce}e ds jl wejadji `dqdinqdlj l} w}loeeadji djxl`xdji n ad}eoql} l} eeouqdxe lhhdoe} lh qce ]eidsq}njq }ein}adji ycdoc djaebjdhdonqdlj ds sluicq* ]ehe}ejoe ds

n`sl bnae ql qce ujae}y}dqdji ni}eebejq ql me hdèa ns Ecdmdq >*> ql qcds }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq, ycdoc w}lxdaes hl} qce djaebjdhdonqdlj lh eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s, ad}eoql}s nja oljq}l``dji we}sljs lh

qce ]eidsq}njq nindjsq oe}qndj dnmd`dqdes* Qce djaebjdhdonqdlj w}lxdsdljs dj qce ]eidsq}njq—s }esqnqea oe}qdhdonqe lh djol}wl}nqdlj, }esqnqea mt`nys nja qce djaebjdhdonqdlj ni}eebejqs ejqe}ea djql l}

ql me ejqe}ea djql meqyeej qce ]eidsq}njq nja enoc lh dqs ad}eoql}s nja eeouqdxe lhhdoe}s bnt me suhhdodejq`t m}lna ql we}bdq djaebjdhdonqdlj lh qce ]eidsq}njq—s ad}eoql}s nja eeouqdxe lhhdoe}shl} `dnmd`dqdes n}dsdji ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq*

Qce ]eidsq}njq ou}}ejq`t on}}des `dnmd`dqt djsu}njoe hl} dqs ad}eoql}s nja lhhdoe}s*

Dqeb >5* ]eoejq _nès lh Uj}eidsqe}ea _eou}dqdes

_djoe Hem}un}t >, =774, ye cnxe bnae qce hl``lydji snès lh uj}eidsqe}ea seou}dqdes #nhqe} idxdji ehheoq ql n 5"hl}"> sqlof sw`dq ehheoqea dj Loqlme} =7>7$;

W}ehe}}ea _qlof Dssunjoes

• Lj Bnt =8, =774, ye slà 11,7?9,517 scn}es lh lu} _e}des E w}ehe}}ea sqlof ql lje noo}eadqea djxesql} nq n wu}ocnse w}doe lh !1*51 we} scn}e*

• Lj Hem}un}t =, =7>>, ye dssuea ?,=59,=37 scn}es lh lu} _e}des N w}ehe}}ea sqlof nja =,487,=17 scn}es lh lu} _e}des M w}ehe}}ea sqlof ql lje noo}eadqea djxesql} nq we} scn}e

wu}ocnse w}does }njidji h}lb !7*77 ql 7*78 wu}sunjq ql ee}odses lh yn}}njqs*

• Lj Aeoebme} =4, =7>>, ye dssuea >,957,3=9 scn}es lh lu} _e}des M w}ehe}}ea sqlof ql lje noo}eadqea djxesql} nq n we} scn}e wu}ocnse w}doe lh !7*78 wu}sunjq ql ee}odse lh n

yn}}njq*

W`nj"]e`nqea Dssunjoes

• H}lb Hem}un}t >, =774 qc}luic Knjun}t ?>, =7>=, ye i}njqea ql lu} ad}eoql}s, lhhdoe}s, ebw`ltees, oljsu`qnjqs nja lqce} se}xdoe w}lxdae}s lwqdljs ql wu}ocnse >1,=8?,?97 scn}es

lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ydqc we} scn}e ee}odse w}does }njidji h}lb !>*93 ql !>5*77 ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj*

• H}lb Hem}un}t >, =774 qc}luic Knjun}t ?>, =7>=, ye dssuea ql lu} ad}eoql}s, lhhdoe}s, ebw`ltees, oljsu`qnjqs, nja lqce} se}xdoe w}lxdae}s nj nii}einqe lh =?4,7?1,95> scn}es lh

lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof nq we} scn}e wu}ocnse w}does }njidji h}lb !7*77 ql !=*45 wu}sunjq ql ee}odses lh lwqdljs i}njqea ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj*

• H}lb Hem}un}t >, =774 qc}luic Knjun}t ?>, =7>=, ye i}njqea ql lu} ad }eoql}s, lhhdoe}s, ebw`ltees, oljsu`qnjqs, nja lqce} se}xdoe w}lxdae}s nj nii}einqe lh =59,849,459 ]_Us ql

me seqqèa dj scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj*

• H}lb Hem}un}t >, =774 qc}luic Knjun}t ?>, =7>=, ye slà ql lu} ad}eoql}s, lhhdoe}s, ebw`ltees, oljsu`qnjqs, nja lqce} se}xdoe w}lxdae}s nj nii}einqe lh =>1,5>1 scn}es lh lu}

O`nss M olbblj sqlof nq we} scn}e wu}ocnse w}does }njidji h}lb !7*77 ql !?7*7? i}njqea ujae} lu} =775 _qlof W`nj*

DD"=


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Lqce} Olbblj _qlof Dssunjoes

• Lj Bnt =8, =774, ye dssuea 13 ,785 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql lje edsqdji djxesql} wu}sunjq ql qce njqd"adùqdlj qe}bs lh suoc djxesql}—s l}didjn` djxesqbejq*

• Lj Aeoebme} ?7, =774, ye dssuea =,777,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql n hnbd`t bebme} lh lu} OEL* Qcds nyn}a yns bnae dj snqdshnoqdlj lh hujas w}lxdaea hl} lu}

djdqdn` yl}fdji onwdqn` nja n wlqejqdn` }eènse lh o`ndbs*

• Lj Kuje =, =7>7, ye dssuea 5,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ql lje noo}eadqea djxesql} nq n wu}ocnse w}doe lh !9*=9 we} scn}e*

• Lj Aeoebme} =9, =7>7, ye slà =>,53=,9?? scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ql qc}ee noo}eadqea djxesql}s nq n wu}ocnse w}doe lh !=7*35 we} scn}e*

•

Lj Aeoebme} ?>, =7>7, ye slà =,?43,73> scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ql lje noo}eadqea djxesql} nq n wu}ocnse w}doe lh !=7*35 we} scn}e*

• Lj Knjun}t =>, =7>>, ye slà 19,48>,8?7 scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ql lje noo}eadqea djxesql} nq n wu}ocnse w}doe lh !=7*35 we} scn}e*

• Lj _ewqebme} >5, =7>>, ye dssuea =4,817 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql n hl}be} ebw`ltee hl} se}xdoes w}lxdaea*

No~udsdqdljs

• Lj Nuiusq >1, =774, ye dssuea >>,75=,455 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql qej djadxdaun`s nja lje ejqdqt dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} no~udsdqdlj lh n`` qce

luqsqnjadji scn}es lh n olbwnjt*

• Lj Bnt >3, =7>7, ye dssuea ?,8=5,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql n olbwnjt dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} wu}ocnse lh wnqejqs h}lb qce olbwnjt*

• Lj Kuje >8, =7>7, ye dssuea =?3,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql n olbwnjt dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} wu}ocnse lh oe}qndj nsseqs h}lb qce olbwnjt*

• Lj Ku`t 9, =7>7, ye dssuea 547,477 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql n olbwnjt dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} wu}ocnse lh oe}qndj nsseqs h}lb qce olbwnjt*

• Lj Nuiusq >3, =7>7, ye dssuea =34,?57 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql qyl djadxdaun`s dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} no~udsdqdlj lh n`` qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh

n olbwnjt*

• Lj Loqlme} =4, =7>7, ye dssuea >,?74,=31 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql n olbwnjt dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} wu}ocnse lh oe}qndj nsseqs h}lb qce

olbwnjt*

• Lj Jlxebme} >=, =7>7, ye dssuea ?57,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql n olbwnjt dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} wu}ocnse lh oe}qndj nsseqs h}lb qceolbwnjt*

• Lj Aeoebme} >5, =7>7, ye dssuea >,7?7,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql qyl djadxdaun`s dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} no~udsdqdlj lh n`` qce luqsqnjadji

scn}es lh n olbwnjt*

• Lj Hem}un}t =3, =7>>, ye dssuea 83>,?59 scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql n olbwnjt dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} wu}ocnse lh oe}qndj nsseqs h}lb qce olbwnjt*

• Lj Nw}d` 5, =7>>, ye dssuea >,854,1?7 scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql >? djadxdaun`s nja sd ejqdqdes dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} no~udsdqdlj lh n`` qce


• Lj Nuiusq >, =7>>, ye dssuea 95 ,1=8 scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql qc}ee djadxdaun`s dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} no~udsdqdlj lh n`` qce luqsqnjadji scn}es lh

n olbwnjt*

DD"?


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

• Lj Loqlme} 9, =7>>, ye dssuea ?87,33? scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql => djadxdaun`s nja edicq ejqdqdes dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} no~udsdqdlj lh n`` qce


• Lj Loqlme} >7, =7>>, ye dssuea >3?,957 scn}es lh lu} O`nss M olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql n olbwnjt hl} n `doejse lh oe}qndj qeocjl`lit h}lb qce olbwnjt*

• Lj Knjun}t ?, =7>=, ye dssuea 47,777 scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ns oljsdae}nqdlj ql hlu} djadxdaun`s nja >? ejqdqdes dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} wu}ocnse lh oe}qndj nsseqs

h}lb n olbwnjt*

• Lj Hem}un}t >, =7>=, ye dssuea =>=,=57 scn}es lh lu} O`nss N olbblj sqlof ns wn}qdn` oljsdae}nqdlj ql qyl ejqdqdes dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc lu} wu}ocnse lh oe}qndj nsseqs h}lb n

olbwnjt*

Ujèss lqce}ydse sqnqea, qce snès lh qce nmlxe seou}dqdes ye}e aeebea ql me eebwq h}lb }eidsq}nqdlj ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq dj }e`dnjoe uwlj _eoqdlj 1#=$ lh qce _eou}dqdes Noq #l}]eiu`nqdlj A l} ]eiu`nqdlj _ w}lbuìnqea qce}eujae}$, l} ]uè 97> w}lbuìnqea ujae} _eoqdlj ?#m$ lh qce _eou}dqdes Noq ns q}njsnoqdljs mt nj dssue} jlq djxl`xdji njt wum`do lhhe}dji l}

wu}sunjq ql mejehdq w`njs nja oljq}noqs }e`nqdji ql olbwejsnqdlj ns w}lxdaea ujae} ]uè 97>* Qce }eodwdejqs lh qce seou}dqdes dj enoc lh qcese q}njsnoqdljs }ew}esejqea qced} djqejqdljs ql no~ud}e

qce seou}dqdes hl} djxesqbejq lj`t nja jlq ydqc n xdey ql l} hl} snè dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc njt adsq}dmuqdlj qce}elh, nja nww}lw}dnqe èiejas ye}e w`noea uwlj qce sqlof oe}qdhdonqes dssuea dj qcese

q}njsnoqdljs*

DD"1


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Dqeb >8* Ecdmdqs nja Hdjnjodn` _qnqebejq _oceauès

#n$ Ecdmdqs* Qce hl``lydji ecdmdqs n}e djoùaea ce}edj l} djol}wl}nqea ce}edj mt }ehe}ejoe;

Ecdmdq

Jubme} Aeso}dwqdlj

>*>+ Hl}b lh Ujae}y}dqdji Ni}eebejq*

?*>+ Eèxejqc Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Oe}qdhdonqe lh Djol}wl}nqdlj lh ]eidsq}njq*

?*=+ Mt`nys lh ]eidsq}njq*

?*?+ Hl}b lh ]esqnqea Oe}qdhdonqe lh Djol}wl}nqdlj lh ]eidsq}njq, ql me dj ehheoq nq qce o`lsdji lh ]eidsq}njq—s djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*?*1+ Hl}b lh ]esqnqea Mt`nys lh ]eidsq}njq, ql me dj ehheoq nq qce o`lsdji lh ]eidsq}njq—s djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji*

1*>+ Hl}b lh ]eidsq}njq—s O`nss N olbblj sqlof oe}qdhdonqe*

1*=+ _dqc Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Djxesql}s— ]dicqs Ni}eebejq, anqea Aeoebme} =9, =7>7, mt nja nblji ]eidsq}njq nja oe}qndj seou}dqt clàe}s lh ]eidsq}njq*

1*?+ Hl}b lh ‐Qtwe >‒ Clàe} Xlqdji Ni}eebejq, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq, Bn}f [uofe}me}i, nja oe}qndj wn}qdes qce}eql*

1*1+ Hl}b lh ‐Qtwe =‒ Clàe} Xlqdji Ni}eebejq, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq, Bn}f [uofe}me}i, nja oe}qndj wn}qdes qce}eql*

1*5+ Hl}b lh ‐Qtwe ?‒ Clàe} Xlqdji Ni}eebejq, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq, Bn}f [uofe}me}i, nja oe}qndj wn}qdes qce}eql*

5*>+ Lwdjdlj lh Hejydof ( Yesq @@W*

>7*>+ Hl}b lh Djaebjdhdonqdlj Ni}eebejq*

>7*=+ =775 _qlof W`nj, ns nbejaea, nja hl}bs lh nyn}a ni}eebejqs*

>7*?+ =775 Lhhdoe}s— _qlof W`nj, nja nbejaea nja }esqnqea jlqdoe lh sqlof lwqdlj i}njq nja sqlof lwqdlj ni}eebejq*

>7*1+ =7>= E~udqt Djoejqdxe W`nj, ql me dj ehheoq uwlj qce ehheoqdxejess lh ]eidsq}njq—s djdqdn` wum`do lhhe}dji, nja hl}bs lh nyn}a ni}eebejqs*

>7*5+ =7>> Mljus]eqejqdlj W`nj*

>7*8+ Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Lhhe} @eqqe}, anqea Knjun}t =9, =7>=, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja Bn}f [uofe}me}i*

>7*9+ Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Ebw`ltbejq Ni}eebejq, anqea Knjun}t =9, =7>=, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja _ce}t` F* _njame}i*>7*3+ Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Lhhe} @eqqe}, anqea Knjun}t =9, =7>=, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja Anxda N* Eme}sbnj*

>7*4+ Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Lhhe} @eqqe}, anqea Knjun}t =9, =7>=, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja Bdfe _oc}lewhe}*

>7*>7+ Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Ebw`ltbejq Ni}eebejq, anqea Knjun}t =9, =7>=, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq*

>7*>>+ @ense, anqea Hem}un}t 9, =7>>, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja Yd`slj Bej`l Wn}f Onbwus, @@O*

>7*>=+‧ Aexe`lwe} Naaejaub, anqea Bnt >1, =7>7, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja [tjin Djo*, ns nbejaea mt Nbejabejq Jl* > ql Aexe`lwe} Naaejaub, anqea Loqlme} >, =7>>*

>7*>?+‧ Aexe`lwe} Naaejaub Jl* =, anqea Aeoebme} =8, =7>7, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja [tjin Djo*

DD"5


h >45 ===7>=



Qnmè lh Oljqejqs

Ecdmdq

Jubme} Aeso}dwqdlj

>7*>1+

O}eadq Ni}eebejq, anqea Hem}un}t >3, =7>>, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq, qce @ejae}s wn}qt qce}eql, nja KWBl}inj Ocnse Mnjf, J*N*, ns nbejaea mt qce Hd}sq Nbejabejq, anqea Kuje

=3, =7>>, nja qce _eolja Nbejabejq, anqea _ewqebme} >?, =7>>*

>7*>5+ Iun}njqee Ni}eebejq, anqea Hem}un}t >3, =7>>, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq, qce _umsdadn}t Iun}njql}s wn}qt qce}eql, nja KWBl}inj Ocnse Mnjf, J*N*

>7*>8+ Oljxe}sdlj Ni}eebejq, anqea Hem}un}t >4, =7>7, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq, Adidqn` _ft Qeocjl`lides @dbdqea, nja A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea*

=>*>+ @dsq lh _umsdadn}des lh ]eidsq}njq*

=?*> Oljsejq lh E}jsq ( Tluji @@W, Djaewejaejq ]eidsqe}ea Wum`do Noolujqdji Hd}b*

=?*=+ Oljsejq lh Hejydof ( Yesq @@W #djoùaea dj Ecdmdq 5*>$*

=1*> Wlye} lh Nqql}jet #see wnie DD"9 ql qcds Hl}b _">$* + Ql me hd ea mt nbejabejq*

‧ Oljhdaejqdn` q}enqbejq yd`` me }e~uesqea ydqc }esweoq ql wl}qdljs lh qcds ecdmdq*

#m$ Hdjnjodn` _qnqebejq _oceauès* N`` hdjnjodn` sqnqebejq soceauès n}e lbdqqea meonuse qcet n}e jlq nww`donmè l} qce djhl}bnqdlj ds djoùaea dj qce ]eidsq}njq—s oljsl`danqea hdjnjodn`

sqnqebejqs l} }e`nqea jlqes*

Dqeb >9* Ujae}qnfdjis

Qce ujae}sdijea ]eidsq}njq ce}emt ujae}qnfes ql w}lxdae ql qce ujae}y}dqe}s nq qce o`lsdji sweodhdea dj qce ujae}y}dqdji ni}eebejq, oe}qdhdonqes dj suoc aejlbdjnqdljs nja }eidsqe}ea dj

suoc jnbes ns }e~ud}ea mt qce ujae}y}dqe}s ql we}bdq w}lbwq ae`dxe}t ql enoc wu}ocnse}*

Djslhn} ns djaebjdhdonqdlj hl} `dnmd`dqdes n}dsdji ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq bnt me we}bdqqea ql ad}eoql}s, lhhdoe}s nja oljq}l``dji we}sljs lh qce ]eidsq}njq wu}sunjq ql qce hl}eildji

w}lxdsdljs, l} lqce}ydse, qce ]eidsq}njq cns meej naxdsea qcnq dj qce lwdjdlj lh qce _EO suoc djaebjdhdonqdlj ds nindjsq wum`do wl`dot ns ew}essea dj qce _eou}dqdes Noq nja ds, qce}ehl}e,

ujejhl}oenmè* Dj qce exejq qcnq n o`ndb hl} djaebjdhdonqdlj nindjsq suoc `dnmd`dqdes #lqce} qcnj qce wntbejq mt qce ]eidsq}njq lh ewejses djou}}ea l} wnda mt n ad}eoql}, lhhdoe} l} oljq}l``dji

we}slj lh qce ]eidsq}njq dj qce suooesshu` aehejse lh njt noqdlj, sudq l} w}loeeadji$ ds nsse}qea mt suoc ad}eoql}, lhhdoe} l} oljq}l``dji we}slj dj oljjeoqdlj ydqc qce seou}dqdes medji }eidsqe}ea, qce

]eidsq}njq yd``, ujèss dj qce lwdjdlj lh dqs olujse` qce bnqqe} cns meej seqqèa mt oljq}l``dji w}eoeaejq, sumbdq ql n olu}q lh nww}lw}dnqe ku}dsadoqdlj qce ~uesqdlj yceqce} suoc djaebjdhdonqdlj mt

dq ds nindjsq wum`do wl`dot ns ew}essea dj qce _eou}dqdes Noq nja yd`` me ilxe}jea mt qce hdjn` nakuadonqdlj lh suoc dssue*

Qce ujae}sdijea ]eidsq}njq ce}emt ujae}qnfes qcnq;

#>$ Hl} wu}wlses lh aeqe}bdjdji njt `dnmd`dqt ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq, qce djhl}bnqdlj lbdqqea h}lb qce hl}b lh w}lsweoqus hdèa ns wn}q lh qcds }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq dj }e`dnjoe uwlj

]uè 1?7N nja oljqndjea dj n hl}b lh w}lsweoqus hdèa mt qce ]eidsq}njq wu}sunjq ql ]uè 1=1#m$#>$ l} #1$ l} 149#c$ ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq scn`` me aeebea ql me wn}q lh qcds }eidsq}nqdlj

sqnqebejq ns lh qce qdbe dq yns aeo`n}ea ehheoqdxe*

#=$ Hl} qce wu}wlse lh aeqe}bdjdji njt `dnmd`dqt ujae} qce _eou}dqdes Noq, enoc wlsq"ehheoqdxe nbejabejq qcnq oljqndjs n hl}b lh w}lsweoqus scn`` me aeebea ql me n jey }eidsq}nqdlj

sqnqebejq }e`nqdji ql qce seou}dqdes lhhe}ea qce}edj, nja qce lhhe}dji lh suoc seou}dqdes nq qcnq qdbe scn`` me aeebea ql me qce djdqdn` mljn hdae lhhe}dji qce}elh*

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Y* U``tlq, nja enoc lh qceb, ns cds q}ue nja `nyhu` nqql}jet"dj"hnoq nja niejq ydqc hu`` wlye} lh sumsqdquqdlj, hl} cdb dj njt nja n`` onwnodqdes, ql sdij njt nja n`` nbejabejqs ql qcds }eidsq}nqdlj

sqnqebejq #djoùadji wlsq"ehheoqdxe nbejabejqs$ nja njt }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq }e`nqea qce}eql hdèa wu}sunjq ql ]uè 18=#m$ djo}ensdji qce jubme} lh seou}dqdes hl} ycdoc }eidsq}nqdlj ds sluicq,

nja ql hdè qce snbe, ydqc n`` ecdmdqs qce}eql nja lqce} aloubejqs dj oljjeoqdlj qce}eydqc, ydqc qce _EO, i}njqdji ujql snda nqql}jet"dj"hnoq nja niejq hu`` wlye} nja nuqcl}dqt ql al nja we}hl}b

enoc nja exe}t noq nja qcdji }e~udsdqe nja jeoessn}t ql me alje dj oljjeoqdlj qce}eydqc, ns hu``t hl} n`` djqejqs nja wu}wlses ns ce bdicq l} oluà al dj we}slj, ce}emt }nqdhtdji nja oljhd}bdji n``

qcnq snda nqql}jet"dj"hnoq nja niejq, l} cds sumsqdquqe, bnt `nyhu``t al l} onuse ql me alje mt xd}que ce}elh*

Wu}sunjq ql qce }e~ud}ebejqs lh qce _eou}dqdes Noq lh >4?? , qcds }eidsq}nqdlj sqnqebejq cns meej sdijea mt qce hl``lydji we}sljs dj qce onwnodqdes nja lj qce anqes djadonqea*

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?*>+ Eèxejqc Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Oe}qdhdonqe lh Djol}wl}nqdlj lh ]eidsq}njq*

?*=+ Mt`nys lh ]eidsq}njq*

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1*1+ Hl}b lh ‐Qtwe =‒ Clàe} Xlqdji Ni}eebejq, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq, Bn}f [uofe}me}i, nja oe}qndj wn}qdes qce}eql*

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5*>+ Lwdjdlj lh Hejydof ( Yesq @@W*

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>7*5+ =7>> Mljus]eqejqdlj W`nj*

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>7*9+ Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Ebw`ltbejq Ni}eebejq, anqea Knjun}t =9, =7>=, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja _ce}t` F* _njame}i*

>7*3+ Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Lhhe} @eqqe}, anqea Knjun}t =9, =7>=, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja Anxda N* Eme}sbnj*>7*4+ Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Lhhe} @eqqe}, anqea Knjun}t =9, =7>=, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja Bdfe _oc}lewhe}*

>7*>7+ Nbejaea nja ]esqnqea Ebw`ltbejq Ni}eebejq, anqea Knjun}t =9, =7>=, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja Qcelal}e Y* U``tlq*

>7*>>+ @ense, anqea Hem}un}t 9, =7>>, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja Yd`slj Bej`l Wn}f Onbwus, @@O*

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>7*>?+‧ Aexe`lwe} Naaejaub Jl* =, anqea Aeoebme} =8, =7>7, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq nja [tjin Djo*

>7*>1+

O}eadq Ni}eebejq, anqea Hem}un}t >3, =7>>, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq, qce @ejae}s wn}qt qce}eql, nja KWBl}inj Ocnse Mnjf, J*N*, ns nbejaea mt qce Hd}sq Nbejabejq, anqea Kuje

=3, =7>>, nja qce _eolja Nbejabejq, anqea _ewqebme} >?, =7>>*


h >45 ===7>=



Qnm`e lh Oljqejqs

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>7*>8+ Oljxe}sdlj Ni}eebejq, anqea Hem}un}t >4, =7>7, meqyeej ]eidsq}njq, Adidqn` _ft Qeocjl`lides @dbdqea, nja A_Q I`lmn` @dbdqea*

=>*>+ @dsq lh _umsdadn}des lh ]eidsq}njq*

=?*> Oljsejq lh E}jsq ( Tluji @@W, Djaewejaejq ]eidsqe}ea Wum`do Noolujqdji Hd}b*

=?*=+ Oljsejq lh Hejydof ( Yesq @@W #djo`uaea dj Ecdmdq 5*>$*

=1*> Wlye} lh Nqql}jet #see wnie DD"9 ql qcds Hl}b _">$*

+ Ql me hd ea mt nbejabejq*

‧ Oljhdaejqdn` q}enqbejq yd`` me }e~uesqea ydqc }esweoq ql wl}qdljs lh qcds ecdmdq*


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