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IntroductIonObject detectionis a computer technology related toComputer vision andimage processingThat deals with detecting instances of semantic objects of a certain class (such as humans, buildings, or cars) in digital images and videos.Well-researched domains of object detection include face detection and pedestrian detection, Object detection has applications in many areas of computervision,includingimage retrieval andvideo surveillance.

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Image ProcessingWhat is image processing :Improve its pictorial information for human interpretationRender it more suitable for autonomous machine perception.

Histogram 3

Cont . . .It is necessary to realize that these two aspects represent two separate but equally important aspects of image processing. A procedure which satisfies condition:A procedure which makes an imagelook better may be the very worst procedure for satisfying condition.Humans like their images to be sharp, clear and detailed; machines prefer their images to be simple and uncluttered.

Examples (1) may include:

.:imagelook . . (1) :4

Enhancing the edges of an image to make it appear sharper; an example is shown in figure 1.1.Note how the second image appears cleaner it is a more pleasant image. Sharpening edgesis a vital component of printing: in order for an image to appear at its best on the printedpage some sharpening is usually performed.

Types of digital images 1- Binary:Each pixel is just black or white. Since there are only two possible values for each pixel.we only need one bit per pixel. Such images can therefore be very efficient in terms of storage.Images for which a binary representation may be suitable include text (printed or Handwriting)

An example was the image shown in figure below :-

Example of binary image -1-

In this image, we have only the two colors: White 1 for the edges, and black 0 for the background

Example of binary image -2-

2- Greyscale :Each pixel is a shade of grey, normally from (0) black to(255) white.This range means that each pixel can be represented by eight bits, or exactly one byte.Other greyscale ranges are used, but generally they are a power of 2. Such images arise in medicine (X-rays).images of printed works, and indeed 256 different grey levels is sufficient for the recognition of most natural objects.Types of digital images

Greyscale

3- True color, or RGB :each pixel has a particular color; that color being described by the amount of red, green and blue in.This means that for every pixel there correspond three values.total number of bits required for each pixel is 24 such image are also called 24 -bit color images.

Types of digital images

True color, or RGB

** Some Cameras depending on humans mood , such Smile Shutter in Sony Cyber-shot Cameras FACE DETECTION

Human Mood with face detectionHuman moods with Face detection technologies Is also a computer technology that determines the locations and sizes of human faces in arbitrary (digital) images. It detects facial features and ignores anything else, such as buildings, trees and bodies.

Next Figure shows how

Human Biometrics

What is the Face recognition? Face recognition system is an application to verify a person's identity by comparing pictures taken recently from a digital camera or VCR, and compare with the images stored in the system database.Face recognition system has been widely used in recent years for security and access control, like other security systems that rely on biometrics such as fingerprint or eye IRIS.

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Give mobile example.16

ApplicationsAs face detection is the rst step of any face processing system, it nds numerous applications in face recognition, face tracking, facial expression recognition, facial feature extraction, gender classication, clustering, attentive user interfaces, digital cosmetics, biometric systems. In addition, most of the face detection algorithms can be extended to recognize other objects such as cars, humans, pedestrians, and signs, etc

Biometric System

Gender ClassiFIcationJapanese male , Italian ,Old-Man , Japanese female , Non-Japanese male , Black male

Facial Expression Recognition

How it Detects?Each face has several distinct properties, is the different curves on the face. And based on this technology recognize faces as landmarks.Each face has approximately 80 knots and months those nodes which can be measured using software are:(1) the distance between the eyes.(2) presentation of the nose.(3) the depth of the eye.(4) the form cheekbones.(5) the length of the jaw line.These parameters are measured by the program specialist for face recognition and translated into numerical codes called face recognition face print and used to represent the face in the database.

. . 80 : (1) . (2) . (3) . (4) .(5) . face print .21

Cont . . .

Face IdentificationRecognize these systems to people depending on their photos, and unlike the old identification systems, these systems give an alert to the presence of undesirable persons and not only verify the identity and this greatly supports where security can be used in the publication of photographs of criminals in public places in order to identify them, at airports and seaports to search for personal, assumed by the Immigration Department to search for retarded and outlaws, In the playground to find troublemakers (used in USA), voting (used by the Mexican Government in 2000 m), recording observations on the street (in England), the system BIOS licenses (in the State of Illinois in America).

Cont . . .

News: Lie DetectrPre-Crime Face Scanner to Be Used For Security InterrogationsA sophisticated new camera system can detect lies just by watching our faces as we talk, experts say. The computerized system uses a simple video camera, a high-resolution thermal imaging sensor and a suite of algorithms, The new system successfully discriminates between truth and lies in about two-thirds of cases, which equates to little more accuracy than chance alone, making it even less reliable than the notorious polygraph test, which has been widely discredited and is habitually inaccurate.

The technology is focused around detecting emotions such as distress, fear or distrust, all of which a stressed traveler could undergo without necessarily being a liar. Indeed, such emotions would be expected in an environment where people are being naked body scanned, groped by TSA thugs, and subjected to lie detector interrogations.

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Lie Detectr

The Problems Cons faces discrimination techniqueDespite the success of these systems and their evolution, but they do not reach perfect and there are some factors that may impede the process of face recognition and these obstacles:(1) solar glasses.(2) long hair masks the central part of the face.(3) lighting dimming that results in blurred images.(4) poor accuracy and clarity of images taken.(5) changes in physiological characteristics in the face of either age or other.(6) changes in the working environment reduce matching accuracy.

, : (1) . (2) . (3) . (4) .(5) .(6) .

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The End :( Thanks