Fabulous Faba Beans: the Fundamentalsneag.ca/wp...Presentation-2016-Fabulous-Faba-beans.pdf · 4 +...
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Fabulous Faba Beans: the Fundamentals Jessica Pratchler, AAg. NARF Field Research Agronomist
Transcript of Fabulous Faba Beans: the Fundamentalsneag.ca/wp...Presentation-2016-Fabulous-Faba-beans.pdf · 4 +...
FabulousFabaBeans:theFundamentals
JessicaPratchler,AAg.NARFFieldResearchAgronomist
WhyChooseFababeans?
• LikesMoisture• ToleratesEarlyFrost• HighNitrogenFixer(80–160lb/ac)
• LevelofAphanomycesResistance
• Standability• PodsHigh
PhotoCredit:S.Phelps
FieldSelection
• ForSeedProduction:– Growfarapartfromothervarieties– outcrossing
• HerbicideHistory:– Residualherbicideeffectsareproblematic
ResidualHerbicidesYear(orseason)afterapplicationthatfaba beanscanbegrown
5+ Tordon 22K,Grazon (Spottreatmentsorbrokenpasture)
4+ AllyToss-N-Go(cropland),Escort(brokenpasture)(persistenceisextendedwhensoilpHis7.5orgreater)
2 MusterToss-N-Go,MusterGoldII,Assert,Everest,TritonCClopyralid (<123gai/ac)(Lontrel,CurtailM,PrestigeXC,EclipseIII,Flaxmax,Spectrum*)
Banvel II/Oracle(highrates(>0.5L/ac)PrePass (fallapplication);highrates2,4-D(fall)
1 Kerb,Avadex,Infinity,Simplicity,Accent,2,4-DAtrazine(<0.9L/ac)(Aatrex Liquid,Primextra Magnum)
Fluroxypyr (<43gai/ac)(Retain,Trophy,BarricadeII,Altitude,Stellar,Pulsar,Tandem,Attain)
Florasulam (<25gai/ac)(Frontline,Topline,Spirtfire,Mpower,Battlefront)
Source:S.Phelps
Varieties• TanninVarieties:– Brownseedcoat– Darkdotonstipules
• NewRegisteredVarietiesfor2016– Fabelle (533tkw)– Vetigo (571tkw)
• Varieties:Tabour,Fatima,SNSS-1
Varieties
• Non- TanninVarieties:– Lightseedcoat–Whiteflowers
• Nonewvarietiesregisteredfor2016
• Common:Snowdrop,Snowbird
Seeding
• First2weeksofMay– Frosttolerant– Needsmoisture
• SeedDeep=2.5to3inches
• Tanninvarietiesmaynotneedseedtreatment
Seeding Rates• Recommended45plants/m2(60lbs/bu)
TKW(g) kg/ha bu/acre•FB9-4680(805) 360 5.3 (6.3)•Snowbird 495 262 3.9•Snowdrop 335 177 2.6
• Howtoachievetargetrates,withsuchbigseeds?
• Differentsizedbeans=differentseedingrates?
Source:S.Phelps
OptimalSeedingRates?• Objective:canhigher
seedingratesachievebetteryieldsinourshortgrowingseason?– Ratethatisstilllogistically
feasible?Economically?
• 20,40,60,80,and100viableseeds/m2
• SNSS-1,Snowdrop,FB9-4
OptimalSeedingRates:SNSS-1
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
20seeds/m2 40seeds/m2 60seeds/m2 80seeds/m2 100seeds/m2
Yield(kg/ha
)
Melfort
Saskatoon1
OptimalSeedingRates- Snowdrop
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
20seeds/m2 40seeds/m2 60seeds/m2 80seeds/m2 100seeds/m2
Yield(kg/ha
)
IndianHead
Melfort
Outlook
Scott
Swift
Saskatoon
OptimalSeedingRates– FB9-4
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
20seeds/m2 40seeds/m2 60seeds/m2 80seeds/m2 100seeds/m2
Yield(kg/ha
)
Saskatoon1
Fertility
• A50bu/acCrop:– 55– 67lb P/acremovedwith40lb/acintheseed– 47– 57lb K/acremovedinseed
• Fixes85%ofNneeds=upto250lbsN/acre
• 44lbs/acactualPmaximumsaferate
Source:Sherrilyn Phelps
PhosphorusFertilityforEstablishmentandYield
• Objective:EffectsofphosphorusrateandplacementhaveonFababeanestablishmentandyield
• 0,25,50kgP2O5/ha
• Side-bandedorSeed-placed
• Fungicidecomponent
PhosphorusFertilityforEstablishmentandYield
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0P2O5 25kgP2O5/haSeedplaced
50kgP2O5/haSeedplaced
25kgP2O5/haSideband
50kgP2O5/haSideband
Plan
ts/m
2
NoFungicide
Fungicide
PhosphorusFertilityforEstablishmentandYield
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0P2O5 25kgP2O5/haSeedplaced
50kgP2O5/haSeedplaced
25kgP2O5/haSideband
50kgP2O5/haSideband
Yield(bu/ac)
NoFungicide Fungicide
o Statisticallynonsignificantfungicideresponse
o Overall,highestyieldgainat50kg/hasidebanded,butstatisticallyinsignificant
PhosphorusFertilityforEstablishmentandYield
• 50kgP2O5/haseed-placednegativelyeffectedestablishment
• 50kgP2O5/haside-bandedincreasedyieldbutstatisticallyinsignificant
• Conclusion:Fababeansaresensitivetophosphorusplacement,ifapplyinghighratesside-bandingshouldbeconsidered
Inoculant• TagTeam andNodulator bothregistered• Recommended:– 4.7lb/acTagTeam– 1.2kgNodulator/982kgseed
InoculantOptionsforFababeans
• Objective:theeffectstwoinoculants,atdifferentratesandincombination,haveonFababeangrowthindifferentsoil/climaticconditions.– Dodifferentseedsizes/varietiesneedthesameamountof
inoculant?– Doesoneproductworkbetterthananother?Aretheybetterin
combinationoralone?
• SnowdropandFB9-4
• Nodulator plusTagTeam at0.5x,1x,and2x
InoculantOptionsforFababean
InoculantOptionsforFababean
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Check Nodulator TagTeam0.5x
TagTeam1x TagTeam2x Nodulator+TagTeam0.5x
Nodulator+TagTeam1x
Nodulator+TagTeam2x
Yield(bu/ac)
Snowdrop FB9-4
InoculantOptionsforFababean
• Nodulator +TagTeam treatmenthadbestresponseforgreaterppms inbothvarieties.
• HighestyieldforFB9-4TagTeam 1xwasbestandSnowdropswasNodulator +2xTagTeam
• PreliminaryConclusion:– FB9-4respondwellandtosingleproducts– Snowdropsdidnotrespondaswell,needtoseeifresultsaresignificant.Needmoredata.
Herbicides
• Lowemergenceduetodryconditionsmadeherbicideapplicationin2015veryimportant– Seedlingsarenotverycompetitive– canopyclosurelate
Herbicides
• Applybeforethe6whorlstage– Beforeisbettertomatchweedstage
TypicalHerbicideRegime
FullPackageHerbicideRegime
Insects
• Lygus – BrownDotonSeed– Inareasofhighcanolaproduction– Damageseedbysuckingjuices– Noteconomicaltocontrolifpresent
• Aphids– DotonUndersideofLeaf
• Cutworms– SevereNewlyGrowingTissue– Fababeanswillregrow– Lowerpodding
Fungicides
• DifficulttoStage
– StartofFlowering=1flowerat1raceme
– FullFlower=5flowersat1raceme
– EndofFlower=firstpodformed
Fungicides• PrimaryDiseases:
ChocolateSpotandAschocyta
• DiseaseseverityandincidencedrasticallyincreasedinAugust?– Rain?
• Goodinfieldresponse
• Notabletocontrolinallcasesbecauseinitialdiseasewassolow
Fungicides
• ProductsregisteredforFababeanuse,butnotspecificdiseases– Hopetoregisteredforspecificdiseasessoon
• Whatistheoptimaltiming?– Earlyflowering?Midflowering?
• Noeconomicthresholdssetyet
FungicideProductsandTiming
• Fourproducts:– Priaxor– Propulse– Vertisan– Bravo
• Twotimings:– EarlyFlowering(10%)– MidFlowering(50%)
FungicideProductsandTiming• Diseasedevelopmentwasslowtostart
• Nosignificantdifferencesbetweentreatmentseverytwoweeks
• Diseaseexplodedafterratingsceased
• Productsmostlikelyunabletogenerateresponseduetolowlevelsatspraytiming
FungicideProductsandTiming
0.00
1000.00
2000.00
3000.00
4000.00
5000.00
6000.00
IndianHead
Melfort
Outlook
Scott
SwiftCurrent
Saskatoon1
Saskatoon2
Problems…
• PodAbortion– Above27°c duringflowering
– Dryconditions– Nopollinators
• LeafBurningduetohottemperaturescanmimicchocolatespot
Photocredit:S.Phelps
Maturity• Startsfrombottomup• Lowerleavesdropoffandpods
turnblackwhenmature• Physiologicalmaturewhen
>90%planthascolorchange• DesiccatewithReglone,use
highwatervolumes– Canuseglyphosateifnotsavingforseed
Harvesting
• StraightCutat6to8InchesHigh
• PodscanBurst– Increaseswhenusinglifters–Wetconditionsinfallcausesseedstogrowlargerthanpodcancontain
• RegrowthAfterDesiccation
Thankyou!• StuBrandt,StephanieGinter,Gaylene Dagenais,RikkiSchick,andJillian
Anderson
• Sherrilyn PhelpsandSaskPulse
• SteveShirtliffe
• IHARF,ICDC,WARC,andWCA
• AAFCMelfortResearchFarmStaff
