FABRIC CONSTRUCTION

Weaving

Knitting

Nonwoven/Felting

FABRIC TERMS

Selvages…woven edges of fabric, runs parallel to lengthwise grain

Lengthwise grain…strongest grain, also called the warp yarns, runs parallel to the selvage

Cut or Torn edge…

runs parallel to the crosswise grain

Crosswise grain… weaker grain, runs parallel to cut or torn edge and perpendicular to the lengthwise grain; also called the weft yarns

Fabric fold…created when selvages or cut edges are brought together.

Bias…a diagonal line of direction running between the lengthwise and crosswise grains of fabric

PLAIN WEAVE

Over one, under one

PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONSBASKET

Two over, two under

PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONPILE WEAVE

UNCUT PILE CUT PILE

Terry Cloth Corduroy

TWILL FABRIC WEAVE

Over two, under two but staggering

beginning threads to form a diagonal line.

Denim

SATIN WEAVE

Under one, over four or more creating “floats” with weft yarns

SATIN WEAVE VARIATIONSateen Weave

Floats on warp yarns

SATIN WEAVE VARIATIONJACQUARD WEAVE

Computer weaving that creates multiple patterns in a fabric. Floats

can be seen on wrong side of fabric.

KNITTING

Constructing fabric with one yarn and one set (2) of

needles; right side is flat (knit), wrong side is bumpy (pearl).

FELTINGNonwoven fabric

made by pressing fibers together with moisture, heat, and

pressure. Nonwoven fabrics have no

grainlines. Earliest type of fabric made.

Coloring Fabric

Before Construction:

Yarn Dying

Printing:

After Construction:

Piece Dying

After Construction:

Color the same on front and

back

Color different on front and back

FABRIC WEAVE ID ASSIGNMENT

1. Pick up one of each of the fabric samples on the cutting table and a magnifying glass.

2. Use the magnifying glass to identify the weave or construction method of each fabric sample.

3. Cut samples to fit dotted lines on sample card. (2” x 2”)

4. Glue into place.

5. Place completed card in wire basket.

6. Return magnifying glass to tote tray.

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FA

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1.L

ab

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