Faal Gastro
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Transcript of Faal Gastro
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GastrointestinalPhysiology
Irfan Idris
Physiology departmentMedical faculty of UNHAS
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LEARNING CONCEPT
STRUCTURE
GI TRACT
ORAL CAVITY
PHARYNX
ESOPHAGUSSTOMACH
SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
RECTUM
ANAL CANAL
ACCESSORY
ORGANS
TONGUE
TEETH
SALIVARY GLANDS
PANCREAS
LIVER
GALL BLADDER
FUNCTION
INGESTION
DIGESTION
ABSORPTION
SECRETION
MOVEMENT
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The alimentary tract provides the body with acontinual supply of water, electrolytes, and
nutrients:
(1) movement of food through the alimentary tract;
(2) secretion of digestive juices and digestion of the
food;
(3) absorption of water, various electrolytes, and
digestive products;
(4) circulation of blood through the gastrointestinal
organs to carry away the absorbed substances;and
(5) control of all these functions by local, nervous,and
hormonal systems
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Functional Types of Movements in
the Gastrointestinal Tract
Propulsive movement : Peristalsis : a contractile ring appears around the gut and
then moves forward;
this is analogous to putting ones fingers around a thindistended tube, then constricting the fingers and slidingthem forward along the tube
Mixing movement In some areas, the peristaltic contractions themselves cause
most of the mixing. This is especially true when forward progression of the
intestinal contents is blocked by a sphincter, so that aperistaltic wave can then only churn the intestinal contents,rather than propelling them forward
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law of the gut
(usus)
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Stimulus for intestinal
peristalsis Distention of the gut
Chemical or physical irritation of theepithelial gut
Parasympathetic nervous signals
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General Principles of Alimentary
Tract Secretion Single-cell mucous glands called simply
mucous cells (goblet cells)
Pits that represent invaginations of theepithelium into the sub mucosa. In the smallintestine, these pits, called crypts ofLieberkhn
Deep tubular glands Complex glandsthe salivary glands,
pancreas, and liver
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Secretion of Water andElectrolyte
1. Nerve stimulation on basal portion of the cellmembrane, causing active transport of Cl- ions tothe inside the cell
2. The resulting increase in electronegativity insidethe cell the causes positive ions also move to theinterior of the cell
3. The excess of both these ions inside the cellcreates an osmotic force that pulls water to theinterior, thereby increasing the hydrostatic
pressure inside the cell and causing the cell toswell
4. The pressure in the cell then results in ruptures ofsecretory border of the cell causes flushing ofwater, electrolyte, and organic materials out of
the glandular cell into the lumen of the gland
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Basic Regulatory Mechanism ofGlandular Cells Effect of Local Contact
The mechanical present of food causes the glandsto secrete moderate to large quantities ofdigestive juice
Effect of enteric nervous system Tactile stimulation
Chemical irritation
Distention of the gut wall
Autonomic stimulation Parasympathetic increase the rate of secretion Sympathetic can have dual effect; increase or
decrease the secretion depend on the rate ofstimulation
Hormonal
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DIGESTION PROCESS
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Absorption of water and ion
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Absorption of Nutrients
Absorption of Carbohydrates Glucose is transported by a Sodium Co-Transport Mechanism Fructose is transported by facilitated diffusion
Absorption of Proteins sodium co-transport mechanism
Absorption of Fats monoglycerides and free fatty bile micelles
Diffusion
Absorption in the Large Intestine: Formation of Feces active absorption of sodium electrical potential gradient created by absorption of the sodium
causes chloride absorption as well
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