FA_20th c. Architects Part1

8/20/2019 FA_20th c. Architects Part1

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Walter Gropius(1883- 1969)

•German Architect•Worked under Peter Behrens

•Influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright

•FOUNDED THE BAUHAUS

•Migrated to the US and taught at the

Harvard School of Architecture


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“Architects, sculptors, painters, we must all return to the crafts!

For art is not a ‘profession.’ There is no essential difference

between the artist and the craftsman.

The artist is the exalted craftsman.” -GROPIUS

CHARACTER OF WORKS:

•Simple geometry, often rectangular

•Use of modern materials like steel and glass

•Smooth surfaces

•Primary colors

•Linear and horizontal elements


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Walter Gropius

(w / Ado lf Meyer) ,

WERKBUND PAVILION,Germany, 1914

Walter Gropiu s , The BAUHAUS BUILDING,

Dessau, Germany, 1926


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Walter Gropiu s ,

GROPIUS RESIDENCE,

Massachusetts, 1937


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Ludwig Mies van der Rohe(1886- 1969)

• German Architect

• No formal training in architecture

• Worked under Peter Behrens

• Succeeded Gropius as Bauhaus Director

• Migrated to the US and taught architecture

at the Illinois Institute of Technology

• Designed SKYSCRAPERS OF STEEL AND GLASSwhich became models of skyscraper design

throughout the world


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“Less is more.”-van der Rohe

CHARACTER OF WORKS:

• Simple rectangular forms

• Open, flexible plans and multi-functional spaces

• Widespread use of glass to bring the outside in

• Mastered steel and glass construction• Exposed and very refined structural details


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Mies van der Rohe ,

LAKE SHORE DRIVE APTS. & THE SEAGRAM BUILDING


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Mies van der Rohe ,

SEAGRAM BUILDING,

New York, 1958


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Mies van der Rohe ,

LAKE SHORE DRIVE

APARTMENTS, Illinois, 1951


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Mies van der Rohe ,

FARNSWORTH HOUSE,Illinois, 1946-51


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Mies van der Rohe ,

FARNSWORTH HOUSE Interior,

Illinois, 1946-51

Mies van der Rohe ,

GERMAN PAVILION Interior,

Barcelona Expo, 1929


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Frank Lloyd Wright(1867- 1959)

• American Architect

• Worked under Louis Sullivan

• Influenced by the British Arts and Crafts Movementand traditional Japanese Architecture

• Influenced European modern architects

• created the philosophy of ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE,

which maintains that the building must develop out ofits surroundings.

• known for the Prairie Houses, characterized by

asymmetrical plans and low, wide overhanging eaves.


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CHARACTER OF WORKS:

• strong eastern influences

• use of natural materials like bricks, stone and wood

• use of textured concrete• designs that blend well in its environment

• focused more on residential designs


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Frank L loyd Wright , ROBIE HOUSE,

Illinois, 1909


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Frank Lloyd Wright ,

KAUFMANN HOUSE or THE FALLING WATER,

Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1937


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Frank L loyd Wright ,

GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM,

New York, 1956-59


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Louis Kahn

(1901- 1974)

• important figure in the transition from International Style

Modernism to Postmodernism

• first convincing rebel against the dull, glass boxesproduced by modernists

• designed contemporary and monumental architecture

of massive geometrical forms in contrast to the usual

rectangular glass and steel designs during his time.

• taught architecture at Yale University andat the University of Pennsylvania

• Influenced postmodernists Robert Venturi & Charles Moore


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CHARACTER OF WORKS:

• simple, Platonic forms and compositions

• use of brick and poured-in place concrete• dramatic spaces

• use of natural light

Several elements of Kahn's architecture came together in the

RICHARDS MEDICAL RESEARCH BUILDING, elements that wereused before, independently of each other:

• a clear articulation of servant and served spaces;

• the problem of light;

• the integration of spatial, structural, and utility elements; and,

• the integration of form, material, and process.

As a result, this building represents a significant turning point in

contemporary architecture.


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Lou is Kahn , RICHARDS MEDICAL RESEARCH BUILDING

University of Pennsylvania, 1957-61


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Lou is Kahn ,

KIMBELL ARTS MUSEUM,

Texas, 1966-72


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Lou is Kahn ,

SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES

California, 1959-65

FA_20th c. Architects Part1

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