F500 Brochure

BASF AktiengesellschaftAgricultural Center67117 LimburgerhofGermanywww.agro.basf.com

Agricultural Products

BASF AktiengesellschaftAgricultural CenterD-67117 LimburgerhofGermanywww.agro.basf.com

Agricultural Products® = Registered trademark of BASF© Copyright BASF

AP

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-3.0

Contents

F 500® – The Premium Fungicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Fungicides at BASF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

F 500 – Fast and Long-Lasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

F 500 – Strong and Reliable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

F 500 – Broad Spectrum of Activity and Wide Application Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

F 500 – Comprehensive Protection Against Fungal Pathogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

F 500 in Soybeans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

F 500 in Cereals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

F 500 – Physiological Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

F 500 in Turf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

F 500 in Fruit Crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

F 500 in Arable Crops and Bananas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

F 500 in Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

F 500 – Mode of Action/Resistance Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

F 500 – The Molecule and its Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

F 500 – Toxicity and Environmental Behaviour . . . . 36

F 500 – The Advantages at a Glance. . . . 38

F 500® – The Premium Fungicide

fast and long-lasting

strong and reliable

“BASF - The Chemical

Company has built its success

on innovation and creativity.

A systematic and integrated

approach is responsively

geared to meeting our cus-

tomers’ needs, and is crucial

to both commercial success

and sustainable development.

Our successful research

and development activities

in the field of agriculture are

an excellent example for

this kind of innovation.

Chemists, biologists, toxi-

cologists and agronomists

work hand in hand to deliver

a steady stream of innovations

that help farmers to produce

sufficient, healthy and afford-

able food.”

(Dr. Jürgen Hambrecht, Chairman of

the Board of Executive Directors of

BASF Aktiengesellschaft)

4

One of the recent results from

this research philosophy is

F 500®, which has set a new

standard in the strobilurin

class of active ingredients.

broad and wide

5

6

The introduction of productscontaining kresoxim-methyl caused a revolution on thefungicide market: other com-panies also began developing strobilurins and strobilurin-containing products. As a result,products from this fungicidalclass are the most effective and important fungicides on themarket today.

F 500® – The NewStrobilurin Standard

At BASF research continued todevelop new strobilurins. Theresult is F 500, the latest gene-ration of strobilurins, which controls even more fungal patho-gens in even more cultivatedplants in an extraordinarily effec-tive and reliable way.

Previously unobtainable speedand long-lasting efficacy in con-junction with enormous strengthand reliability in its applicationmake F 500 the new standardfor the strobilurin class of activeingredients.

Innovation andUnparalleled Stand-ards

The search for new active ingredients against fungal diseases in cultivated plants hastraditionally been a successfularea of activity at BASF. Withepoxiconazole, the companycould thus set a standard for theazole class that remains unpar-alleled to this day.

The Kresoxim-Methyl Milestone –The First Strobilurinon the Market

When strobilurins were firstintroduced, BASF was a fore-runner in terms of innovation:kresoxim-methyl was the firstactive ingredient to be devel-oped from this new class ofsubstances and which was firstregistered for use in 1995. Thisallowed BASF to introduce thefirst strobilurin in the world onto the market – an importantmilestone in the history of fungi-cides.

Fungicides at BASF

7

F 500® – Fast and Long-Lasting

8

Fast to the Site ofActivity

A portion of the dissolved F 500®

penetrates the leaf only minutesafter its application. The activeingredient diffuses over shortdistances within the leaf tissueand forms deposits also in theareas of the epicuticular waxylayer that had not been treated –the perfect all round protection.

Fast Acting

F 500 blocks the energy supplyof the fungal cell and thus itsother vital functions. The zoo-spores of Plasmopara viticola(Fig. a), for example, are rende-red immobile only seconds aftercontact with F 500 (Fig. b). At the same time, the energy-dependent pump systems of thecell membrane shut down. As aresult, water flows uncontrolledinto the fungal cell and thezoospores swell (Fig. c) to thepoint where they burst due tothe increased pressure (Fig. d).

9

a 10 µm

zo: zoosporefl: flagellumbzo: bursted zoospore

Effect of F 500 on zoosporesof Plasmopara viticola

F 500® for perfect all round protection – for example against Septoria triticiin wheat

d 10 µm

bzo

b 10 µm

zo

fl

c 10 µm

bzozo

zo

0 sec

60 sec

120 sec

240 sec

Long-Lasting Activity

F 500 forms deposits on the leafthat are firmly bound to thewaxy layer. The reason for this isthe lipophily of the active ingre-dient in conjunction with its lowvapour pressure and low watersolubility.

This ensures only minimal lossof the active ingredient as aresult of evaporation or its beingwashed off by rain. Instead, thecompound remains continuouslyactive over a period of severalweeks.

Curative effect of F 500 on Septoria tritici*Semi field trial, assessment 21 days after inoculation

Influence on necrotisationof plant tissue

Influence on pycnidiaformation

1 day after inoculation:germination of spores

6 days after inoculation:infection of individual cells

10 days after inoculation:colonization of larger tissue areas

F 500® – Strong and Reliable

10

Reliable Activity

F 500® is able to control pathoge-nic fungi even after the plant hasbecome infected. For example,the new active ingredient stopsthe development of Septoria triticiand the necrotisation of the

Strong at the Site ofAction

The strength of F 500® is theproduct of three factors:

1. The site of action (moleculartarget) – the mitochondrial respi-ratory chain is of crucial impor-tance to the fungus’ survival.

2. The active ingredient is avail-able at the site of action bothquickly and for a long time(abundance).

3. It displays an exceptionally highintrinsic activity, i.e. inhibition ofthe molecular target (EC50 valuesmeasured on yeast mitochondriaunder standard conditions [Mol/l]):

F 500: 2,9 x 10-8

Competitive strobilurin: 9,7 x 10-8

In practical terms, this means acompound with high efficacy andlong lasting activity even at lowrates.

11

50

21

0

40

30

20

10

necrosis [%]

pycnidia [%]

50

40

30

20

10

6 days curative 10 days curative

6 days curative 10 days curative

untreated strobilurin market F 500competitor product

52

4 12

6

33

plant’s tissue as a result of theinfection – even if some cellshave already been infected at thetime of the application. Togetherwith the exceptional protectiveactivity of F 500, this translatesinto an unprecedented degree ofreliable control.

Development of Septoria tritici in a wheat leafSemi field trial

52 5252

0 00

00 00

4

00 0000

33

1818

12

6

21 2121

background picture

21 days after inoculation:development of pycnidia

50 µm

50 µm

50 µm

50 µm

psgt

hi

my

ho

ps: pycnidiosporegt: germ tube

hi: hypha in the leafho: hypha on the leaf

my: mycelium in the leaf

* Performance shown against sensitive strains. For more details see: www.frac.info

Broadside AgainstFungi

F 500® displays an unusuallybroad spectrum in over 60crops. Even with low applicationrates BASF’s new strobilurinvery effectively controls eco-nomically important pathogensfrom the classes of ascomyce-tes, basidiomycetes, deutero-mycetes, and oomycetes.

This extraordinary broad spectrum is particularly useful in crops that are threatened by several pathogens simulta-neously, for example cereals,grapes, fruits, vegetables, or turf.

F 500® – Broad Spectrum of Activity and Wide Application Range

12

Efficacy of F 500®: Control of fungal pathogensfrom four economically important pathogen classesResults from glasshouse trials

80 %

100 %

60 %

40 %

20 %

0 %

untreated

4 ppm

16 ppm

Oomycetes

Plasmopara viticolain grapes

Ascomycetes

Drechslera teresin barley

Deuteromycetes

Alternaria solaniin tomato

Basidiomycetes

Puccinia reconditain wheat

17

Comprehensive Protection Against Fungal Pathogens

13

Soybeans

Cercospora kikuchiiMicrosphaera diffusaSeptoria glycinesCorynespora cassiicolaPhakopsora pachyrhizi**preventative application

Cereals

Septoria triticiStagonospora nodorumPuccinia reconditaPuccinia striiformisPuccinia hordeiDrechslera tritici-repentisBipolaris sorokinianaDrechslera teresMicrodochium nivaleRhynchosporium secalisBlumeria graminisFusarium graminearumFusarium culmorumPseudocercosporella herpotrichoides

Turf

Rhizoctonia solaniPythium aphanidermatumMicrodochium nivaleGaeumannomyces graminisBipolaris sorokinianaColletotrichum graminicolaLaetisaria fuciformisPyricularia griseaPuccinia spp.Magnaporthe poaeTyphula spp.Sclerotinia homoeocarpa

Grapes

Plasmopara viticolaUncinula necatorGuignardia bidwelliiPseudopezicula tracheiphilaPhomopsis viticolaElsinoe ampelinaGlomerella cingulataIsariopsis clavisporaBotrytis cinerea

Bananas

Mycosphaerella fijiensisMycosphaerella musicolaGuignardia musicola

Peanuts

Mycosphaerella arachidisMycosphaerella berkeleyiiPhoma arachidicolaPuccinia arachidisLeptosphaerulina crassiascaSphaceloma arachidisRhizoctonia solaniSclerotium rolfsiiSclerotinia minor

Sugar beets

Cercospora beticolaErysiphe betaeRamularia beticolaUromyces betae

Potatoes

Alternaria solaniPhytophthora infestansRhizoctonia solani

Tomatoes

Alternaria solaniLeveillula tauricaSeptoria lycopersiciColletotrichum coccodesPhytophthora infestans

Cucurbits

Pseudoperonospora cubensisAlternaria cucumerinaColletotrichum lagenariumCorynespora cassiicolaDidymella bryoniaeErysiphe cichoracearumSphaerotheca fuliginea

Corn/Maize

Drechslera spp.Phaeosphaeria maydisPuccinia polysoraPuccinia sorghi

Oilseed rape

Alternaria brassicaeLeptosphaeria maculansSclerotinia sclerotiorum

Blueberries

Colletotrichum spp.Phomopsis vacciniMonilinia vaccinii-corymbosi

Ornamentals

Carnations:Uromyces dianthi

Roses:Diplocarpon rosaeSphaerotheca pannosa

Chrysanthemums: Puccinia horiana

Gerbera: Erysiphe cichoracearum

Citrus

Elsinoe australisElsinoe fawcettiiGuignardia citricarpaDiaporthe citriAlternaria spp.Colletotrichum spp.Mycosphaerella citri

Tea

Exobasidium vexansExobasidium reticulatumPestalotia longisetaColletotrichum theae-sinensis

Peas

Mycosphaerella pinodesErysiphe spp.Peronospora viciaeBotrytis cinerea

Carrots

Alternaria dauciErysiphe heracleiSclerotinia sclerotiorum

Lettuce

Rhizoctonia solaniErysiphe cichoracearumSclerotinia sclerotiorum Botrytis cinereaBremia lactucaeSclerotinia minor

Lentils

Ascochyta fabaeColletotrichum truncatum

Cabbage

Alternaria brassicaeMycosphaerella brassicicolaPeronospora parasitica

Coffee

Cercospora coffeicolaHemileia vastatrixMycena citricolorPhoma spp.Ascochyta spp.

Tobacco

Peronospora tabacinaAlternaria alternataErysiphe cichoracearum

Beans

Colletotrichum lindemuthianumPhaeoisariopsis griseolaUromyces appendiculatusAlternaria alternataSclerotinia sclerotiorumBotrytis cinerea

Apples

Venturia inaequalis Podosphaera leucotrichaAlternaria maliGloeodes pomigenaZygophiala jamaicensisBotryosphaeria spp.Glomerella cingulataDiplocarpon mali

Strawberries

Colletotrichum spp.Mycosphaerella fragariaeGnomonia fragariaeSphaerotheca humuliPhytophthora cactorumRhizopus spp.Botrytis cinerea

Stone fruits/Almonds

Venturia carpophilaTranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. discolor Monilinia spp.Sphaerotheca pannosaWilsonomyces carpophilusRhizopus spp.Taphrina spp.Blumeriella jaapii

Papaya

Oidium caricaeAsperisporum caricae

Mango

Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesOidium mangifera

Peppers

Leveillula taurica

Onions

Alternaria porriPeronospora destructorSclerotinia sclerotiorumBotrytis squamosa

Pears

Alternaria kikuchianaStemphylium vesicariumVenturia nashiicolaVenturia pirinaBotryosphaeria spp.

Efficacy: excellent good moderate low

14 15 16Performance shown against sensitive strains. Resistant strains have been found in some pathogens. For more details see: www.frac.info

F 500® in Soybeans

18 19

F 500® shows excellent activityagainst major diseases, whichattack soybean leaves and pods.Especially in situations whereAsian Soybean Rust (Phakopsorapachyrhizi) needs to be treated, F 500 in combination with a tria-zole like epoxiconazole showsexcellent control. Asian SoybeanRust is a devastating disease.When conditions for the develop-ment of the fungus are favourable,yield losses reach up to 80 %.

Effects BeyondDisease Control

Due to its physiological effects,F 500 not only provides excellentdisease control, it also improvesthe plant’s metabolism, whichresults in additional yield.

untreated

competitorstrobilurin50 g a.i./ha

OPERA 0,5 l/ha1 application

infection [%]

untreated

competitorstrobilurin+triazole84 g a.i./ha


infection [%]

Activity of OPERA® against Late Season Disease Complex*

15 trials South America, 1 application at growth stage R3,

assessment at growth stage R6 1999–2002

Activity of OPERA against Corynespora cassiicola

(target spot)

4 trials South America, 2 applications at growth stage R2

and R5.1, assessment 14 days after 2nd application,

2003–2005

Activity of OPERA® against Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybeans250 trials South America, 2 applications at growth stage R2 and R5.1, assessment 21 days after 2nd application, 2004–2005

20

6565

20

44

2020

55

22

untreated

competitortriazole50 g a.i./ha


infection [%]

Activity of OPERA against Microsphaera diffusa

10 trials South America, 1 application at growth stage R3,

assessment 28 days after application,1999–2002

3838

55

33

• Reliable control of broad disease spectrum

• Best complement to triazoles in case of soybean rust control

• Additional yield benefits through better stress tolerance

• Significantly increased yield and improved economy

untreated

competitor product(strobilurin+triazole) 84 g a.i./ha

OPERA133 g F 500 and 50 g epoxiconazole/l (2 x 0,5 l/ha)

* Cercospora kikuchii, Septoria glycines

infection [%]

86

1414

20202727

3232

66

86

infection [%]yield [dt/ha]yield [dt/ha]

untreated

F 500250 g a.i./ha




infection [%] yield [dt/ha]lera teres), scald (Rhyncho-sporium secalis) and other important cereal diseases.

A UniqueCombination ofProperties

In terms of its protective andcurative efficacy, as well as itslong-term activity, F 500 surpas-ses all previously known active

Activity of F 500® againstPuccinia recondita in wheat

11 trials Europe, 1 application at growth stage 39-65,

assessment 30-40 days after application, 1998-1999

untreated

F 500250 g a.i./ha

infection [%] yield [dt/ha]

Activity of F 500 againstDrechslera tritici-repentis

in wheat*

8 trials Germany, 1 application at growth stage 47-65,

assessment 30 days after application, 1998-1999

untreated

F 500250 g a.i./ha

infection [%] yield [dt/ha]

Activity of F 500 againstDrechslera teres in barley*

19 trials Europe, 1 application at growth stage 32-49,

assessment 30 days after application, 1997-1998

Due to its distinctive broad spec-trum of activity, F 500® is extre-mely well suited to control mostleaf and ear diseases in cereals.The fungicide offers comprehen-sive protection against leafblotch (Septoria tritici), glumeblotch (Stagonospora nodorum),tan spot (Drechslera tritici-repentis), brown rust (Pucciniarecondita), yellow rust (Pucciniastriiformis), net blotch (Drechs-

ingredients or active-ingredientmixtures – a unique combinationof properties in a single sub-stance. This means maximumflexibility and reliability, whichresult in highest yield of topquality.

yield [dt/ha]

69

84

90

F 500® in Cereals

20 21

untreatedcompetitor strobilurin 250 g a.i./ha

F 500250 g a.i./ha

11

33

3535

9191

8787

7171

33

4040

99

33

3737

88

7979

5959

7575

9494

8181

9191

54

26

11

Activity of F 500 against Septoria tritici in wheat*53 trials Europe, 1 application at growth stage 32-43, assessment 34-56 days after application, 1997-1999


infection [%]

• Exceptional performance against Septoria tritici andDrechslera tritici-repentis in wheat

• Outstanding efficacy against other important pathogens,such as brown rust and net blotch

• Strong curative activity

• Excellent long-lasting efficacy

• Yield and quality of the highest grade54

26

11

69

84

90


Increased StressToleranceGuarantees Yields

When subjected to short-termstress, for example drought,plants produce more ethylene,which can initiate prematuresenescence. Under such condi-tions, F 500 can curb ethylene

The outstanding long-lastingand strong activity of F 500®

against a broad spectrum ofpathogens, are decisive reasonsfor high yields of cereals.Moreover, F 500 can have furtherpositive effects on the yield dueto its physiological effects onthe plants, both on the regula-tory and metabolic levels.

production. This helps the plantsto store assimilates in the grainfor a longer time and ensuresoptimal maturation – yield andquality are assured.

F 500® – Physiological Effects

22 23

Increased YieldsThrough ImprovedUse of Nitrogen

It could already be shown inplants treated with kresoxim-methyl, that the activity of thenitrate reductase increased – thebottleneck and thus key enzymein a plant’s N assimilation.

This enables a better utilizationof the soil nitrogen. Comprehen-sive studies with wheat plants(Kaiser and Glaab, University ofWürzburg) have now shown thatthis most advantageous sideeffect is markedly surpassed byF 500®. In practical and environ-mental terms, this means an improved conversion of theapplied nitrogen into yield andan even lower washing-out intothe ground water.

Protection AgainstViruses

Most recent findings from modelstudies (Herms, Seehaus, andConrath, University of Kaisers-lautern) prove that F 500 cansubstantially accelerate the for-mation of defensive proteins inthe case of viral attacks – muchin the same way as the plant’sown salicylic acid and a varietyof synthetic derivatives. Theinfection can thus successfullybe blocked – yet another poten-tial and, in this combination, unique protective factor for the plant.

Yield is assuredHigh grain weightShrivelled grain avoided

More protein More biomass

Decrease in ethylenerelease

Higher stress toleranceLow risk of premature ripening

Increase of nitrate reductase

Yield increased

N assimilation

Regulatory influences

Metabolic influences

untreated

F 500 250-300 g a.i./ha

CS* 1 250 g a.i./ha

CS* 2 250-300 g a.i./ha

untreated

F 500 250 g a.i./ha


Activity of F 500® againstRhizoctonia solani

7 trials USA, 3-5 applications, assessment 14 days

after last application, spray interval 14 days,

1999-2000

Activity of F 500 againstMicrodochium nivale

7 trials world-wide, 1-2 applications, assessment 14 days

after last application, spray interval 14 days,

1996-1999

High-grade Turf

Depending on the pathogen, thedisease pressure, and the sprayintervals, comparatively lowrates of 250 - 560 g a.i./ha arenecessary. F 500 has beenshown to be extremely well tole-rated by all grass varietiestested to date. In many trials,

the treated areas were observedto have more intensive greencolour and improved grass quality.

F 500 sets a new standard forturf in the control of the mostimportant pathogens world-wide– it is highly effective with longspray intervals, low rates, andgreat flexibility.

F 500® in Turf

24

49 %

untreated

market product750-1,500 g a.i./ha

competitor strobilurin500-560 g a.i./ha

F 500500-560 g a.i./ha

10 %15 %

18 %

Activity of F 500 against Pythium spp. 7 trials USA, 1-2 applications, spray interval 7-14 days, 1996-1999

Numerous fungal diseases occurin turf. In many trials, F 500® hasdemonstrated its extraordinarybroad spectrum of activity andstrong efficacy against Rhizoc-tonia solani, Pythium aphani-dermatum, and Microdochiumnivale, among others. In contrastto other strobilurins, F 500 isalso effective against dollar spot(Sclerotinia homoeocarpa).

25

infection [%]

infection [%]

5

68

11

5

25

7

5

untreated

competitor strobilurin280 g a.i./ha

F 500280 g a.i./ha

Activity of F 500 againstSclerotinia homoeocarpa

4 trials USA, 1-2 applications, assessment 14 days

after last application,spray interval 14 days,

1997-2000

infection [%]

6

44

34

• Controls all important fungal diseases

• Low rates required

• Long spray intervals

• Tolerated by all grass varieties tested

10 % 15 %

18 %

49 %

68

11

5

5

44

34

6

25

7

5

* CS: competitor strobilurin

F 500® in Fruit Crops

27

The fungicide controls diseasessuch as downy and powderymildew (Plasmopara viticola andUncinula necator, respectively)very efficiently. These diseasesare effectively controlled on bothleaves and clusters, even if thedisease pressure is extremelyhigh.

Furthermore F 500 is successfulin controlling important regio-nally occurring grape diseasessuch as those caused byGuignardia bidwellii (black rot),Pseudopezicula tracheiphila, andPhomopsis viticola.

Grapes

F 500® has been tested in signifi-cant grape-growing areas aroundthe world. The fungicide display-ed an exceptional activity on themost important grape pathogens.

In addition to its protectiveactivity, F 500® also has curativeproperties.

These properties, together with very good crop toleranceand rain fastness, offer a highdegree of flexibility in controlling diseases.

F 500 does not harm predatorymites and is thus particularlysuitable for integrated pestmanagement.

Apples

F 500 is highly effective againstapple scab (Venturia inaequalis)and powdery mildew (Podo-sphaera leucotricha), as well asstorage diseases. It thus controls the most important diseases in the apple production.

Citrus

F 500 showed a very goodefficacy against the most impor-tant diseases of citrus in trialswith high disease pressure: scab(Elsinoe spp.), black spot(Guignardia citricarpa), melanose(Diaporthe citri), Alternaria

(Alternaria citri), and greasy spot(Mycosphaerella citri). In addi-tion, F 500 shows a high planttolerance.

Compared with standard pro-ducts containing copper, the rate required of F 500 is substan-tially lower (5 - 7.5 g a.i./100 l) –a benefit for the environment.

As a result of the outstandingsuccess in disease control withF 500, the number of marketablefruits is significantly increased.

• Broad spectrum of activity

• High efficacy

• Crop safety

• Improved fruit quality

• Excellent environmental behaviour

• Broad spectrum of activity

• Protective and curative activity

• Good rain fastness

• Very well suited for inte-grated pest management

Activity of F 500 against Elsinoe australis in tangerines2 trials Argentina, 3 applications, sprayintervals 21 days, assessment 87-136days after last application, 1999

16

90 11

30

65 65

89

marketable fruits [%]

untreated market product 1 2,550 g a.i./ha

CS* 100 g a.i./haMP** 2 500 g a.i./ha

F 500 75 g a.i./ha

untreated competitor strobilurin 250 g a.i./ha

F 500 100 g a.i./ha

infection clusters [%]

infection leaves [%]

Activity of F 500 against Plasmopora viticola9 trials Europe, 6-7 applications, assessment 14 days (leaves) or 21 days(clusters) after last application, 1997-1998

71

3


F 500 100 g a.i./ha

infection fruits [%]

infection leaves [%]

Activity of F 500 againstVenturia inaequalis19 trials Europe, 8-10 applications, spray intervals 8-16 days, assessment 14 days after last application, 1998-1999

90

9696

16

2525

71

7474

3

44

33

44

11

30

65 65

89

* CS: competitor strobilurin** MP: market product

• Excellent activity against Plasmopara viticola andUncinula necator

• Very good efficacy against other important fungal pathogens


• No influence on fermentation and taste

• Safe on beneficials, important for integrated pest management systems

26

1212

88

Performance shown against sensitive strains. Resistant strains have been found in some pathogens. For more details see: www.frac.info

F 500® in Arable Crops and Bananas

28 29

against powdery mildew (Erysi-phe betae), Ramularia leaf spot(Ramularia beticola), as well asbeet rust (Uromyces betae).

F 500® increases beet yield andsucrose content, that is superiorto the standards.

Sugar Beets

F 500 is extremely effectiveagainst leaf spot (Cercosporabeticola), the most importantsugar beet disease. Furthermoreit offers effective protection

Peanuts

F 500® displays an excellent pro-tective and curative activityagainst the most important leafdiseases (Mycosphaerella spp.)that is far superior to all currentstandards. Similarly good resultsare achieved against otherimportant pathogens, such as

peanut rust (Puccinia arachidis)and leaf blotch (Phoma arachi-dicola). An additional advantageof F 500 is its efficacy againststem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) andfoot rot (Rhizoctonia solani).

F 500 also exceeds the stand-ards in terms of long-lastingactivity. The result is a substan-tially higher yield.

infection [%]

sucrose [%]

yield [t/ha]

Effect of F 500 on yield andsucrose content by control ofCercospora beticola

4 trials USA, 4-6 applicationsat 14 days intervals (competitorstrobilurin and F 500)or 6-8 applications at 10 days intervals (market product), 1998

untreatedmarket product 200-250 g a.i./ha

F 500 150 g a.i./ha


market product 211 g a.i./haF 500 168 g a.i./ha

15

47

60

68

58

16

17

16

73

15

26

Activity of F 500 against Mycosphaerella spp.19 trials world-wide, 2-4 applications,spray intervals 14 days, assessment 21-28days after last application, 1998-1999

• Excellent activity against Mycosphaerella spp.

• Very good efficacy against other important leaf and stem diseases

• High yield

• Excellent activity againstCercospora beticola

73

26

15

47

15

58

16

60

16

68

17

• Broad spectrum

• High sucrose content

in trials conducted under highdisease pressure in the Atlanticzone of Costa Rica.

With comparable spray intervalsand identical application con-ditions, a better result wasobtained against Mycosphaerellafijiensis than with conventionalproducts. Further tests on bana-na leaves (microtests) haveshown that F 500 significantlyinhibits mycelial growth (kick-back effect).

Bananas

The most common disease inbananas is caused by Myco-sphaerella fijiensis, which resultsin substantial reduction in bothyield and quality. F 500 con-firmed its excellent performance

• Unparalleled strong against Mycosphaerella fijiensis

• Very good protective activity

• Good curative performance


8

10

11

0,7

1

1,8


F 500 100 g a.i./ha

youngest leaf spotted*

infection [degree 0-6]

Activity of F 500 againstMycosphaerella fijiensis3 trials Costa Rica, 6 applications, average of 7 assessments, 1998-1999

1,8

8

1

10

11

0,7

* The youngest leaf spotted is the first leaf presenting spots. The recount of leaves startsfrom the top of the plant; the leaf 1 is the firstunfolded leaf.


F 500® in Vegetables

30 31

F 500 proved its exceptionallystrong performance especially inthe control of Pseudoperono-spora cubensis and Alternariacucumerina. Markedly betterresults were obtained at a rateof 150 g a.i./ha, compared toanother strobilurin at higherrates.

Further important pathogens,such as Colletotrichum lage-narium and Sphaerotheca fuliginea, are also successfullycontrolled with F 500.

Cucurbits

F 500® targets the most importantpathogens in cucurbits. Com-pared with competing activeingredients, F 500 obtains thebest results, particularly at highdisease pressure.

diseases such as anthracnose(Colletotrichum lindemuthianum),angular leaf spot (Phaeoisa-riopsis griseola), and rust(Uromyces appendiculatus).

F 500® was particularly activeagainst Colletotrichum lindemu-thianum, which reduces the quality of the beans by attackingthe pods.

Spray intervals could be increas-ed due to the superior long-lasting activity of F 500 whencompared with standards.

Beans

F 500 has been comprehensivelytested in beans in important growing areas of Latin America.In these trials, the active ingre-dient was found to be highlyeffective against significant

F 500 successfully controls bothpathogens. In tomatoes, thesuperior efficacy and long-lasting activity of F 500 againstAlternaria solani are of particularinterest. The active ingredientalso controls other importantpathogens, such as Leveillulataurica and Septoria lycopersici.

Potatoes/Tomatoes

Late blight (Phytophthora infest-ans) and early blight (Alternariasolani) are the economicallymost significant diseases inpotatoes and tomatoes.

55infection pods [%]

infection leaves [%] 4

infection [%]

4

44infection withP. cubensis [%]

infection with A. cucumerina [%]

8

37

10

97

38

2


F 500 150 g a.i./ha

untreated competitor strobilurin 75-80 g a.i./ha

MP* 150-187.5 g a.i./haF 500 75 g a.i./ha


F 500 100 g a.i./ha

• Exceptional broad spectrum

• High efficacy

• Very good crop safety

• Excellent protection against Phytophthora infestans andAlternaria solani

• High degree of efficacy also against other pathogens

• Significantly higher yields in potatoes and tomatoes

• Exceptional broad spectrum

• Very good activity against the most important pathogens

44

3838

8

55

4

44

97

4848

38

1414

37

77

10

2

55

4 44

Activity of F 500 against Alternaria solani in tomatoes14 trials Brazil, 2-4 applications, sprayintervals 7-10 days, assessment 12-14 daysafter last application, 1998-2000

Activity of F 500 againstPseudoperonospora cubensisand Alternaria cucumerina

Activity of F 500 againstColletotrichum lindemuthianum3 trials Brazil, 2-3 applications, spray inter-vals 8-15 days, assessment 21-23 daysafter last application, 1997-1998

* MP: market product6 trials (P. cubensis) or 3 trials (A. cucu-merina) world-wide, 3-4 applications,spray intervals 7-10 days, assessment 7-10 days (P. cubensis) or 15 days (A. cucumerina) after last application,1997

• Increased spray intervals

• Assurance of high quality


F 500® – The Mode of Action in the Fungus

Active ResistanceManagement

When using fungicides, there isgenerally the danger of thedevelopment of resistance.Responsible usage of themodern, highly efficient activeingredients from the strobilurinclass is thus of utmost impor-tance.

BASF is accompanying its pro-duct launches with clearly defi-ned strategies in order to mini-mize the resistance risk. Thesestrategies are validated and further advanced to keep appli-cation instructions up to date.Resistance research studies andworldwide monitoring programssupport these activities.

Lights Out for theFungus

As an active ingredient from the strobilurin group, F 500®

blocks the mitochondrial elec-tron transport and thus inhibitsthe fungus’ energy supply. As a consequence, the fungusdies.

F 500® interrupts this electrontransport – “lights out” forthe fungus.

The electron transport for sup-plying energy runs along theinner, folded membranes of theactive mitochondrion.

A germinating spore requireslarge amounts of energy. Thisenergy is supplied by the manymitochondria that are particular-ly located in those areas thathave a high energy requirement,e.g. the tip of the germ tube.(Active mitochondria accumula-te an applied dye agent so thatthey appear in bright red in thepicture; in contrast less activeones appear green.)

The Qol working group of theFRAC (Fungicide ResistanceAction Committee) is elaboratingrecommendations* for the utiliza-tion of fungicides, including thestrobilurin class. The goal is tomaintain this group of chemistryas valuable components in farm-ers’ spray programs long term.The application recommendationsby BASF, a founding member ofFRAC, are in accordance withthese guidelines.

* see www.frac.info

• Where possible, use of readymixes or, alternatively, tankmixeswith fungicides from other active ingredient classes

• Limitation of the number of applications

• Alternation with other active ingredient classes in sprayingsequences

• As protective use as possible

• Using recommended rates

Principal Characteristics of the Resistance Strategy

32 33

F 500® – The Molecule and its Properties

34

Physical and chemical properties :

Appearance at 20 °C white to light beige crystals

Odour odourless

Melting point 63.7 - 65.2 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C 2.6 x 10-8 Pa

Solubility at 20 °C

[g substance per 100 ml] in:

water 0.00019

n-heptane 0.37

toluol 57

dichlormethane 57

methanol 10.0

acetone 65

ethylacetate 65

Identity :

Trade name F 500®

Common name Pyraclostrobin

BASF Code No BAS 500 F

Chemical name (IUPAC) Methyl N-(2-{[1-(4-chloro-

phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]

oxymethyl}phenyl)

N-methoxycarbamate

Empirical formula C19 H18 Cl N3 O4

Molecular weight 387.8

Structural formula

35

F 500® – Toxicity and Environmental Behaviour

36

Low Toxicity

Due to the differences in bio-availability, F 500® acts highly selective. Whereas fungi arehighly sensitive, the toxicity formammals is minimal.

Natural ResourcesNot Affected

SoilF 500 decomposes into harm-less metabolites in the soil.Neither the active ingredient norits metabolites are stable in anactive environment; therefore there is no persistence risk.

Limited Impact onFauna

BirdsThe active ingredient is virtuallynon-toxic for birds.

Earthworms and other beneficialsF 500 is not harmful to earth-worms. The same applies toladybirds, predatory mites, andother beneficial organisms.

BeesF 500 is not harmful to bees.

Fish, fish prey, and algaeF 500 is quickly metabolized innatural water sediment systems.In numerous ecological studiesit could be proven that in spiteof a high sensitivity of fish, fish prey (e.g. daphnia), andgreen algae to F 500, there is nodanger posed to water orga-nisms when the compound isused as directed.

Soil borne organisms The activity of soil organisms isnot affected by F 500.

Toxicity Data for F 500

Acute oral LD50 rat > 5000 mg/kg

Acute dermal LD50 rat > 2000 mg/kg

Irritation to skin irritating

Irritation to eyes non-irritating

Sensitisation non-sensitizing

Mutagenicity non-mutagenic

37

Ecotoxicity Data for F 500

Birds non-toxic, LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Earthworms non-toxic, LD50 (14 d) 566 mg/kg

Beneficial organisms (6 types) according to current results: non-toxic1)

Bees non-toxic to bees1)

Aquatic organisms toxic to fish, fish prey and algae, LC/EC50 < 1 mg/l 2)

Neither F 500® nor its metabolitesare mobile. Deeper soil levels,ground water, and drinkingwater are thus not endangered.

AirWith a value of 2.6 x 10-8 Pa,the vapour pressure of F 500 isextremely low. The danger of itsescaping into the atmosphere isequally low.

WaterF 500 degrades very rapidly inaqueous systems (natural water/sediment).

1) Formulations used in tests2) When used in accordance to the directions and good agricultural practice, there is no danger of permanent damage

to aquatic organisms

38 39

• Extraordinary fungicidal active ingredient in over 60 crops

• Fast activity

• Long-lasting activity

• High intrinsic activity, low application rates

• Extraordinarily broad spectrum

• Very good crop safety

• Positive physiological effects

• Increases yield and quality

F 500® – The premium fungicide

flexible

reli able

profitable

F 500® – The Advantages at a Glance

BASF AktiengesellschaftAgricultural Center67117 LimburgerhofGermanywww.agro.basf.com

Agricultural Products

BASF AktiengesellschaftAgricultural CenterD-67117 LimburgerhofGermanywww.agro.basf.com

Agricultural Products® = Registered trademark of BASF© Copyright BASF

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