F5 T1 Human Social Biology P2 2010-2011

ASJA BOYS’ COLLEGE CHARLIEVILLE

END OF TERM EXAMINATION

TERM 1 /FORM 5TB & 5FM

HUMAN & SOCIAL BIOLOGY

December 2010

Paper 2 – General proficiency

2 hours

NAME: ________________________________________

DATE: _________________________________________ FORM: _____________

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. This paper consists of SIX questions and TWO sections. Answer ALL questions.

2. Write your answers for Section A in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Write your answers for Section B in your examination booklet, and attach the pages securely to the question paper at the end of the exam.

4. Each question is worth 15 marks.

SECTION AANSWER ALL QUESTIONS ON THE QUESTION PAPER

1. In an investigation into osmosis, a yam was peeled and cut into chips exactly 5mm x 5 mm x 50 mm. Three chips were placed into each of three different sugar solutions, D, E and F, in corked tubes, and left for 24 hours. They were then removed and their average lengths determined. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1

Sugar solution /mol per dm³ Average length of chips/mm

D – 0.2 55

E – 0.4 51.3

F – 0.6 45

a) Explain why the changes in average chip length were seen in solutions D and F

D___________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________[2marks]

F___________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________[2marks]

(b) Which of the three solutions D, E and F has a sugar concentration nearest to that of the yam?

_____________________________________________________________________[1mark]

(c) Suggest one OTHER way in which changes to these yam chips would have been measured.

_____________________________________________________________________[1mark]

(d) Explain why, in an experiment like this, all the chips should be taken from the same yam.

____________________________________________________________________[2marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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Figure 1 shows a diagram of a kidney machine which can be used to remove waste substances from a patient’s blood when the kidneys have failed. Small molecules such as urea diffuse from the blood through special membranes into the surrounding dialysis fluid which is then removed.

Figure 1.

(e) Dialysis membranes carry out one of the functions of the kidney nephron. State the name of the part of the nephron that carries out this function.

_____________________________________________________________________[1mark]

(f) Explain why the dialysis fluid is:

(i) Changed continuously, _______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________[2marks]

(ii) Kept at 40°C_________________________________________________[2marks]

(g) Explain why glucose is added to the dialysis solution before it enters the machine.____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________[2marks]

Total 15 marks


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2. (a) Complete the statement below by writing the correct word chosen from the list provided in brackets.

(ribosome, DNA, RNA, chromosome, cytoplasm, nucleus)

A gene consists of part of a ____________________________ molecule arranged on a

_______________________ in the __________________________. [3marks]

(b) Your friend Marc, completed Table 2 below to show the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Some of his information is incorrect.

Table 2

MITOSIS MEIOSIS

1. Two cell divisions One cell division

2. Occurs in normal body cells Occurs in the formation of gametes

3. Nuclei have genes mixed by crossing over

Nuclei have identical genes

4. Provides variation Produces clones

5. Ensures the haploid number of chromosomes.

Ensures the diploid number of chromosomes

Complete table 3 below to show FIVE CORRECT differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Table 3 – Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis

MITOSIS MEIOSIS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

[5 marks]


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(c) Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Mr and Mrs Browne have three children with brown eyes and one child with blue eyes. Both Mr and Mrs Browne have brown eyes. What is the genotype for the eye colour from Mr and Mrs Browne, and the genotype of their children? Show your working.

Mr and Mrs Browne: ______________ x ________________

_______________ ________________ [2marks]

Gametes: ____ ____ ____ ____ [2marks]

F1 generation: __________ __________

F1 eye colour: ____________ ____________ [2marks]

Total 15 marks

3. Figure 2 shows a section through the heart from the front

Figure 2

(a) Using label lines and the labels A to E, show the position of the following structures on Figure 2.

A – aorta B – right atrium C – pulmonary vein

D – bicuspid valve E – left ventricle [5marks]

(b) Figure 3 shows tow types of white blood cell labelled F and G


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Fertilisation

Figure 3

(i) State two ways in which the structure of cell F differs from the structure of cell G

1.____________________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________________[2marks]

(ii) Name the cells.

F = _______________________________________________________________

G = _______________________________________________________________[2marks]

(iii) State the functions of these cells.

Cell F______________________________________________________________

Cell G_____________________________________________________________[2marks]


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(c) Red blood cells are biconcave discs with a flexible cell surface membrane. They do not have nuclei or mitochondria but contain much haemoglobin.

Complete the table to show how these features assist red blood cells in collecting, carrying and delivering oxygen.

Feature Explanation

Biconcave shape

Flexible cell surface membrane

No mitochondria

Contains much haemoglobin

[4marks] Total 15 marks

4. Table 4 shows various methods of birth control and their failure rates measured as pregnancies per 100 women per year.

TABLE 4

Method Failure rate/pregnancies per 100 women per year

Rhythm method 18 - 40Cap 5 – 30IUD (Coil) 1 – 6Condom 4 – 25Oral Contraceptive 0 - 3

(a) (i) Name the LEAST reliable method of birth control as indicated in Table 1 above.

_________________________________________________________[2 mark]

(ii) John uses a condom in an effort to prevent pregnancy. Name ONE OTHER benefit that John derives from using a condom.

_________________________________________________________[2 mark]


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(b) Many countries in the Caribbean use family planning as a means of controlling population. This is achieved by the use of natural or artificial methods.

(i) Name ONE natural method of birth control.

Natural method: _________________________________________[2mark]

(ii) Name TWO artificial methods of birth control, OTHER THAN the contraceptive pill.

Artificial method:_1._______________________________________________

_2._______________________________________________________[2marks]

(c) Complete the following sentences by writing the correct word from the list given in brackets below.

(medical, natural, genetic, abuse, rape)

Spontaneous abortion is nature’s way of controlling population. Sometimes, spontaneous

abortion occurs when the foetus has a _______________________ problem.

In some countries, a ___________________________ abortion may be performed in cases of

_________________________, or if the foetus is deformed in some way.

[3marks]

(d) Mrs. Wise believes that the most reliable method of birth control is the contraceptive pill. Explain TWO ways the contraceptive pill functions to prevent pregnancy.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ [2marks]

(e) Suggest TWO benefits to a family of having a small number of children.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________[2marks] TOTAL 15 marks


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SECTION B

Answer ALL questions in this section.Write your answers in your exam booklet; attach the pages to the question paper.

5. (a) Figure 5 is a diagram of a developing foetus.

(i) Label the placenta and umbilical cord in Figure 5. [2 marks]

(ii) State TWO functions of the placenta. [2 marks]

(b) (i) Amma, the mother of an unborn child, has no knowledge of Human and Social Biology. Explain to her, using a genetic diagram, how the sex of the foetus is determined. [5 marks]

(ii) State TWO advantages of breastfeeding over bottle feeding with formula.[2 marks]

(c) Discuss ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of the use of genetic engineering for medical purposes. [4 marks]

Total 15 marks


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6. Lifestyle diseases occur as a result of the way we live. Sometimes our choices lead to obesity, alcoholism and sexually transmitted diseases.

(a) (i) One effect of obesity, caused by eating too much animal fat, is an increase in coronary heart disease. Suggest TWO OTHER effects of obesity.

[2marks]

(ii) Identify TWO school activities which you can undertake to prevent obesity.[2marks]

(b) Write a report on the effects of alcoholism. Your report must include:

(i) THREE effects of alcohol on the human body [3marks]

(ii) TWO effects of alcoholism on society [2marks]

(c) Gonorrhoea and syphilis are two sexually transmitted diseases.

(i) Identify TWO signs or symptoms of gonorrhoea and TWO signs or symptoms of syphilis.

[4marks]

(iii) Suggest ONE method of treatment for gonorrhoea and ONE for syphilis.[2marks]

Total 15 marks

END OF EXAM

TOTAL MARKS = 90 MARKS

If you finish before time is called, check your work on this test.

Miss Amy Heeraman

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F5 T1 Human Social Biology P2 2010-2011

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