F3 Layer in Equatorial Ionosphere – Effect of Various Disturbing Factors Klimenko M.V. 1, Klimenko...
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F F 3 3 Layer Layer in Equatorial Ionosphere in Equatorial Ionosphere – – Effect of Effect of V V arious arious D D isturbing isturbing F F actors actors Klimenko Klimenko M M . . V V . . 1 , , Klimenko Klimenko V V . . V V . . 1 , , Karpachev Karpachev A A . . T T . . 2 , , Ratovsky Ratovsky K K . . G G . . 3 , , Vesnin Vesnin A A . . M M . . 3 1 West Department of Pushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Kaliningrad, West Department of Pushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Kaliningrad, Russia Russia 2 Pushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Moscow, Russia Pushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Moscow, Russia 3 Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia Russia
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Transcript of F3 Layer in Equatorial Ionosphere – Effect of Various Disturbing Factors Klimenko M.V. 1, Klimenko...
FF33 LayerLayer in Equatorial Ionospherein Equatorial Ionosphere – –
Effect of Effect of VVarious arious DDisturbing isturbing FFactorsactors
KlimenkoKlimenko MM..VV..11, , KlimenkoKlimenko VV..VV..11, , KarpachevKarpachev AA..TT..22, , RatovskyRatovsky KK..GG..33, , VesninVesnin AA..MM..33
11 West Department of Pushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Kaliningrad, Russia West Department of Pushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Kaliningrad, Russia22 Pushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Moscow, RussiaPushkov IZMIRAN RAS, Moscow, Russia
33 Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
Observation of theObservation of theFF22-layer-layer Stratification Stratification
Formation ofFormation ofFF22-layer-layer Stratification Stratification
Huang,Huang, 1974, 1975 1974, 1975 Radio ScienceRadio ScienceFrom From Surotkin et al.,Surotkin et al., 1985, 1985, Geomagnetism and AeronomyGeomagnetism and Aeronomy
G-layerG-layerBalan, N. and Bailey, G. J.Balan, N. and Bailey, G. J.: Equatorial plasma fountain and its effects: Possibility of an additional layer, J. Geophys. : Equatorial plasma fountain and its effects: Possibility of an additional layer, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21421–21432,Res., 100, 21421–21432, 1995.1995.
F3-layerF3-layerBalan, N., G.J. Bailey, M.A. Abdu, K.I. Oyama, P.G. Richards, J. MacDougall, and I.S. BatistaBalan, N., G.J. Bailey, M.A. Abdu, K.I. Oyama, P.G. Richards, J. MacDougall, and I.S. Batista (1997), Equatorial (1997), Equatorial plasma fountain and its effects over three locations: Evidence for an additional layer, the plasma fountain and its effects over three locations: Evidence for an additional layer, the F3F3 layer, layer, J. Geophys. Res., J. Geophys. Res., 102102, No. A2. 2047–2056. , No. A2. 2047–2056. Balan, N., I.S. Batista, M.A. Abdu, J. MacDougall, and G.J. Bailey Balan, N., I.S. Batista, M.A. Abdu, J. MacDougall, and G.J. Bailey (1998),(1998), Physical mechanism and statistics of Physical mechanism and statistics of occurrence of an additional layer in the equatorial ionosphere, occurrence of an additional layer in the equatorial ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103J. Geophys. Res., 103, No. A12, 29169–29182. , No. A12, 29169–29182. Balan, N., Batista, I.S., Abdu, M.A., Sobral, J.H.A., MacDougall, J., Bailey, G.J.Balan, N., Batista, I.S., Abdu, M.A., Sobral, J.H.A., MacDougall, J., Bailey, G.J., 1999. Occurrence of an additional , 1999. Occurrence of an additional layer in the ionosphere over Fortaleza. layer in the ionosphere over Fortaleza. Advances in Space Research 24 (11), 1481–1484.Advances in Space Research 24 (11), 1481–1484.Balan, N., Batista, I. S., Abdu, M. A., Bailey, G. J., Watanabe, S., Macdougall, J., and Sobral, J. H. A.Balan, N., Batista, I. S., Abdu, M. A., Bailey, G. J., Watanabe, S., Macdougall, J., and Sobral, J. H. A.: Variability of : Variability of an additional layer in the equatorial ionosphere over Fortaleza, J. Geophys. an additional layer in the equatorial ionosphere over Fortaleza, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 10603–10613, 2000.Res., 105, 10603–10613, 2000.Lynn, K. J.W., Harris, T. J., and Sjarifudin, MLynn, K. J.W., Harris, T. J., and Sjarifudin, M.: Stratification of the F2 layer observed over Southeast Asia, J. .: Stratification of the F2 layer observed over Southeast Asia, J. Geophys. Geophys. Res., 105, 27147–27156, 2000Res., 105, 27147–27156, 2000..Rama Rao, P. V. S., Niranjan, K., Prasad, D. S. V. V. D., Brahmanandam, P. S., and Gopikrishna, S.Rama Rao, P. V. S., Niranjan, K., Prasad, D. S. V. V. D., Brahmanandam, P. S., and Gopikrishna, S.: Features of : Features of additional stratification in ionospheric F2 layer observed for half a solar cycle over Indian low latitudes, J. Geophys. additional stratification in ionospheric F2 layer observed for half a solar cycle over Indian low latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A04307,Res., 110, A04307, d doi:10.1029/2004JA010646, 2005.oi:10.1029/2004JA010646, 2005.Uemoto J., Maruyama T., Ono T., Saito S., Iizima M., Kumamoto A. Uemoto J., Maruyama T., Ono T., Saito S., Iizima M., Kumamoto A. Observations and model calculations of the F3 Observations and model calculations of the F3 layer in the Southeast Asian equatorial ionosphere // JGR 2010layer in the Southeast Asian equatorial ionosphere // JGR 2010
From From Jenkins et Jenkins et al.,al., 1997 1997Ann. GeophysicaeAnn. Geophysicae. . Vol.15. 753-759.Vol.15. 753-759.
From From Batista Batista et al.,et al., 2002 2002JATPJATP. Vol.64. . Vol.64. 753-759.753-759.
From From Balan et al.,Balan et al., 1998 1998JGRJGR V.103. V.103. № № AA1212. 29,169-29,181.. 29,169-29,181.
F3F3-layer -layer FormationFormation
Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, IonosphereGlobal Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere andand ProtonosphereProtonosphere (GSM TIP) was developed in West(GSM TIP) was developed in Westernern Department of Department of IZMIRANIZMIRAN. The model GSM TIP was described in details in. The model GSM TIP was described in details in Namgaladze et Namgaladze et al.,al., 1988 1988; 1991.; 1991. The model is added by the new block of electric fieldThe model is added by the new block of electric field calculation calculation Klimenko et al.,Klimenko et al., 2006, 2007 2006, 2007..
In this model the numerical decision of the hydrodynamics equations for In this model the numerical decision of the hydrodynamics equations for multicomponent gas mixture, consisting of neutral (Omulticomponent gas mixture, consisting of neutral (O22, N, N22, O, H), and , O, H), and
charged (thecharged (the molecular ions Omolecular ions O22++, NO, NO++, atomic ions O, atomic ions O++, H, H++, and electrons) , and electrons)
particles is realized.particles is realized. In the model GSM TIP by the self-consistent manner In the model GSM TIP by the self-consistent manner the thermospheric winds from the equations of movement of neutral gas the thermospheric winds from the equations of movement of neutral gas and the electric fields of dynamo andand the electric fields of dynamo and magnetospheric origin are calculated.magnetospheric origin are calculated. All model equations are solved by finite-difference method.All model equations are solved by finite-difference method.
MModel GSM TIPodel GSM TIP B Brief rief DDescriptionescription
Can the F3-layer occur in the night and afternoon sector?Can the F3-layer occur in the night and afternoon sector?
If yes what is the mechanism of it?If yes what is the mechanism of it?
How change the formation mechanism of additional layer during How change the formation mechanism of additional layer during storm?storm?
From From Depuev and Depuev and Pulinets,Pulinets, 2001, 2001,Adv. Space Res.Adv. Space Res.
Intercosmos-19 satelliteIntercosmos-19 satellite
From From Karpachev et Karpachev et al.,al., 2012, 2012,JASTPJASTP
Ионограмма ИК-19 вблизи Ионограмма ИК-19 вблизи геомагнитного экватора, геомагнитного экватора, полученная 26 марта 1980 полученная 26 марта 1980 г. для 02:50 г. для 02:50 LTLT. .
1x10 2 1x10 3 1x10 4 1x10 5 1x10 6
N e , cm -3
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500h,
km
1 5 U T1 4 U T1 3 U T0 8 U T 0 9 U T 1 0 U T 1 1 U T 1 2 U T From From Klimenko and Klimenko,Klimenko and Klimenko, 20 201122Geomagnetism and AeronomyGeomagnetism and Aeronomy
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0Г ео м агн и тн ая ш и р о та , гр ад
-0 .1
0
0 .1
0 .2
0 .3
EE
, мВ
/м
F3 -сло й ф о р ми р уе тся03 U T
06 U T
07 U T
09 U T
11 U T
13 U T
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0Г е о м агн и тн ая ш и р о та , гр а д
-0 .4
-0 .3
-0 .2
-0 .1
0
0 .1
EE
, мВ
/м
F3 -сло й н е ф о р ми р уе тся14 U T
16 U T
18 U T
22 U T
-0 .2 0 0 .2 0 .4E E , м В /м
0
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
3 0 0 0
3 5 0 0
Вы
сота
, км
F3 -сло й ф о р ми р уе тся03 U T
06 U T
07 U T
09 U T
11 U T
13 U T
Zhao et al., Zhao et al., Ann. Geophys. 2005.Ann. Geophys. 2005.PaznukhovPaznukhov et al.et al., JA, JASTP 2007.STP 2007.Balan et al., Balan et al., JGR 2008. JGR 2008. Lin et al., Lin et al., JGR 2009.JGR 2009.Sreeja et al., Sreeja et al., JGJGR 2009.R 2009.
F3-layer during storm-timeF3-layer during storm-time
-1 5 0
-1 0 0
-5 0
0
Dst
, nT
0 9 .0 9 1 0 .0 9 1 1 .0 9 1 2 .0 9 1 3 .0 9 1 4 .0 9
05 0 0
1 0 0 01 5 0 02 0 0 02 5 0 0
AE
0 9 .0 9 1 0 .0 9 1 1 .0 9 1 2 .0 9 1 3 .0 9 1 4 .0 9
0
2
4
6
8
Kp
0 9 .0 9 1 0 .0 9 1 1 .0 9 1 2 .0 9 1 3 .0 9 1 4 .0 9
05 0
1 0 01 5 02 0 02 5 0
k
V
0 9 .0 9 1 0 .0 9 1 1 .0 9 1 2 .0 9 1 3 .0 9 1 4 .0 9
0
5 0
1 0 0
J 2, 1
0-9 A
/m2
0 9 .0 9 1 0 .0 9 1 1 .0 9 1 2 .0 9 1 3 .0 9 1 4 .0 9
4 0
5 0
6 0
GM
Lat
, deg
0 9 .0 9 1 0 .0 9 1 1 .0 9 1 2 .0 9 1 3 .0 9 1 4 .0 9
Storm sequence on September 2005Storm sequence on September 2005
-2
-1
0
1
EE
ast, m
V/m
U T , h
2 0 03 0 04 0 05 0 06 0 07 0 0
h mF
, km
0 9 .0 9 1 0 .0 9 1 1 .0 9 1 2 .0 9 1 3 .0 9 1 4 .0 9
J icam a rca
0 2 4 6 8 10
N e , 1 0 5 c m -3
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Hei
ght,
km
1x10 4 1x10 5
P lasm a D en sity , cm -3
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Alt
itud
e, k
m
1 1 .0 9 .2 0 0 51 5 :0 6 U TJica m arca
O +
H +
e -e -
EF 1
F 2F 3
-4 0 -3 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0G M L a t , d e g
-0 .6
-0 .4
-0 .2
0
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6E
zona
l, m
V/m
Qu ie t co n d itio n s00 U T
02 U T
06 U T
07 U T
09 U T
13 U T
14 U T
15 U T
16 U T
-4 0 -3 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0G M L at , d e g
-0 .5
0
0 .5
1
Ezo
nal,
mV
/m
Sto rm -tim e co n d itio n s00 U T
02 U T
06 U T
07 U T
09 U T
13 U T
14 U T
15 U T
16 U T
-0 .3 -0 .2 -0 .1 0 0 .1 0 .2 0 .3 0 .4E zona l , m V /m
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
Alt
itud
e, k
m
Qu ie t co n d itio n s00 U T
02 U T
06 U T
07 U T
09 U T
13 U T
14 U T
15 U T
16 U T
-0 .5 0 0 .5 1E zo n a l , m V /m
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
Alt
itud
e, k
mS to rm -tim e co n d itio n s
00 U T
02 U T
06 U T
07 U T
09 U T
13 U T
14 U T
15 U T
16 U T
From From Klimenko et al.,Klimenko et al., 2011 2011 Radio ScienceRadio Science
Goncharenko et al, GRL 2010Chau et al, JGR 2010Fuller-Rowell et al., JGR 2011
SSW effectsSSW effects
ECMWF + TIME-GCM +ECMWF + TIME-GCM + GSM TIPGSM TIP
1 x 1 0 3 1 x 1 0 4 1 x 1 0 5
N e, cm -3
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
Hei
ght,
km
J ica m a rca 0 6 :0 0 U TA v era g e
2 3 .0 1 .2 0 0 9
2 6 .0 1 .2 0 0 9
2 8 .0 1 .2 0 0 9
2 9 .0 1 .2 0 0 9
Peru Earthquake on September 26, 2005Peru Earthquake on September 26, 2005
1 x 1 0 3 1 x 1 0 4 1 x 1 0 5
N e , c m -3
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
5 0 0
6 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
h, k
m
J ica m a rca0 6 :0 0 U T
-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
L o n g itu d e , d eg
T E C , % 0 2 :0 0 U T
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90L
atit
ude,
deg
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
-90 -80 -70 -60
02 UT
20.09
02 UT
02 UT 02 UT 02 UT
02 UT 02 UT
02 UT
02 UT
21.09 22.09
23.09 24.09 25.09
26.09 27.09 28.09EQ day
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 %
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
-90 -80 -70 -60-90 -80 -70 -60-90 -80 -70 -60
-90 -80 -70 -60 -90 -80 -70 -60
-90 -80 -70 -60-90 -80 -70 -60-90 -80 -70 -60
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
-90 -80 -70 -60
02 UT
20.09
02 UT
02 UT 02 UT 02 UT
02 UT 02 UT
02 UT
02 UT
21.09 22.09
23.09 24.09 25.09
26.09 27.09 28.09EQ day
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 %
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
-90 -80 -70 -60-90 -80 -70 -60-90 -80 -70 -60
-90 -80 -70 -60 -90 -80 -70 -60
-90 -80 -70 -60-90 -80 -70 -60-90 -80 -70 -60
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
30 20 10 0-10-20-30-40-50
-50 -30 -10 10 30L atitu d e
10
20
30
40
TE
CU
0 2 :00 U T 23 .0 9 .2 0 0 5
-90 -75 -60 -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90
L a titu d e , d eg
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
log(
TE
C,
cm-2
)
0 2 :0 0 U T= 7 5 W
(5.7°S, 76.4°W; (5.7°S, 76.4°W; ΦΦ=5.6°, =5.6°, ΛΛ=353.4°)=353.4°)
0 3 6 9 1 2 1 5 1 8 2 1 2 4U T , h
2 5 0
3 0 0
3 5 0
4 0 0
h mF
2, k
m
J icam a rca(1 1 .9 °S , 7 6 .0 °W ;
.6 ° , 3 5 3 .9 °)
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ В данной работе представлены все возможные методы В данной работе представлены все возможные методы исследования дополнительных слоев в экваториальной ионосфере. исследования дополнительных слоев в экваториальной ионосфере. Показана возможность появления дополнительных слоев в вечернее Показана возможность появления дополнительных слоев в вечернее и ночное время. Неоднородный по высоте вертикальный и ночное время. Неоднородный по высоте вертикальный EEBB дрейф плазмы представляется наиболее вероятным механизмом для дрейф плазмы представляется наиболее вероятным механизмом для объяснения этого явления.объяснения этого явления. Следует отметить необходимость Следует отметить необходимость дальнейших исследований механизма формирования дальнейших исследований механизма формирования дополнительных слоев в экваториальной ионосфере. По нашему дополнительных слоев в экваториальной ионосфере. По нашему мнению наиболее важными направлениями в данном исследовании мнению наиболее важными направлениями в данном исследовании являются: являются: - экспериментальная проверка гипотезы о формировании F3-слоя экспериментальная проверка гипотезы о формировании F3-слоя неоднородным по высоте неоднородным по высоте EEBB дрейфом плазмыдрейфом плазмы- выявление роли термосферных приливов и гравитационных волн в выявление роли термосферных приливов и гравитационных волн в формировании дополнительных слоевформировании дополнительных слоев- влияние солнечных, магнитосферных, атмосферных и влияние солнечных, магнитосферных, атмосферных и литосферных возмущений на формирование, время жизни, и литосферных возмущений на формирование, время жизни, и количество дополнительных слоев. количество дополнительных слоев.
