t ~ ~' . :; ',r!"": C1·. ·~· ..i.e'...'l1~r, .~. Cl... ..-· :a.q!'!~ 33 . ~:!.' vi :1 F :::'r1< '7:I"

; O'1y J "';;;(~f', "'M. r'n zil" , :T'c...1.then ~(;. r-rp..c e ,': r-eat.work , .:"'~htcn. H·.':~ton ,

'; "r1','.;J.:, ';R1 :r 9T :.(.7 el. G ~I~O~ (Ci ~ b75 ) ; 705 .

ll.€'mbl"'!'.3hl;, : Pau.L .B!"Ock ,'1r ep~lloIl "f.!O "bo r-t d I k e Rd , ,Slougn ,Re r~~hlre , SL? 1~

:'~l . Si ou gn ( 075~) 79 ·~4'l .

~E~3LS~~E? ~o.~ 3 Au~)~t 1q~2

I' ':;::' nf:nu..i t ;"' 1 ~ 'V~~i:',l o<> ~ t !?r :"3 .,0 '", ::'.bl)"J"'; ~ If,O.,") '" La't e , cu t ,~'.' mv noliriay!'" co~nci. ; eJ 'di~h i "::: s c h ed u Led t t x e, <=> :":.:1 rna ; -ruc h" 0 .'!",:,p a '!'e f or ue ror-e , ,::,p a. r t i"1g ~O~ t h em, I n-id ., ~ 7,"'!. ;: t:' l e i't to~E' : ,.10·"m. t .:i ~~1'lCi:'lF' t he .... l n a l orc duc-; u-r t t.L now,

Fir~tlYf our :ne c t i "1 f' <>t t he ';f.! l"1t n :· _~or 'Life :;t;.ri 1 t'~ 0'1 ~ ?th;~,ne p rov e ! "'.: t. e uaut-L e-rc cesa , e"'~"1 ::tt ~l :=!t ~ :1o:"t -to t Lcr-, ..·i t~ '": 27~1'I'lb8 r? 'It+; C'1'':H.,r . ~ni~ 'lH'":be r , t.or-e t ne r v i n r-Lc-tl s a-t d r'?'1..':'.:~i c'1:::

r..' ',.., tr.'" t-.t al bf.tw'?€!'l 30 :-:'1 ,1 4"1. '?n ·~ ;I " ~;t?' n i !"'l ~;r~ ::.~e t:! 'ti '1. ~ .~ '=!.:, fo r,..·rcryon e , hom "he s t ar-t , t~ ..:' :ives~.;. ;)ck a r e a P M\-~<>(~ t 'rt(' i :H:>vit. 3 t>1r­c c-n 't r -e o f Ln t e re s t , wi",;;h I:l:"!ny ::- ~ €C~ ( ~ be t -rg r] i s!, l l1Y M by Peter (9')."1 '1d c tne r- rr.~·"l.b ~re t enJ t.n e r.e ". C'!:' ~. € ;) ").j ~l"': ~ct ~ on ('l ~ a u r pLu s s t o ckf " '?l?l~ ~vailablt? to those w~nting to e-r'L nrr-e t.h c t r ce L'l e c t Lon , :herl::y a t a r-t .. -l , typicall y ·.rOT' t he ? SJL t ·.-rtth i!1!'or'1:'-'l gr")ur- ~ fomi!1'.~

:~, ~ mQi~ ~-:: t ivi ty , all t r.l kinr: e-i t huaf.az t Lcn Ll.v on 'l.11 aub j e c t s ofo u r ~tuny. A. b ...-e a k fo r lunch h '?li t o be called , ~'3.tnt" !· b(' l :·,t~dly f

v't our Chnt rman , J Ulii t,h (N~ .. 1~). o therwf sr e :tl::lTlY wou'Ld :np.~/ e soner-irht bh r-ough t.h,~ d ay wi t hou t e.:ttin~ . A form:.:.), "~·.ll -aembe r-n" ':'lj~

"~:'OU",'l.j bakk was cnll~fl iY'J. 'the f-ift01·r. ')O:l t '? d Le cur-s tbe G]'o1:p 'e-·r0for€~e a-td to onawe t- .:I~" r rrob Ler r w~ j ch mert-ber-a ru av h~"~ hr-d , A:~ "'d s j () n w:ow che n ::l3de- ~\)" hl T'e [I. ~ ,,"bl -= ..l-+:' "':i"1c c";1 i :'\ ~ A. Z.S.5 "''-1 :: h i LLon 1'1 Oct.obez- { r- eo v-ee t t -i > 'T~",~~ l E't(~r) t o ~urt}~.:"r ~"ld ~,'"(' rt i - et h "~ I .. . S .·}. , ?.1'l1 aLa o to rrro v i d e ~. ....llI..the r- ?A.c tl "-, '" Po Ln t "o r- t.hoz e

'~ '!' '' , \.-, ;>re '1tte '1,1ill,r;" thi:: :n~jl)r e'1~n""o l oe:ical even t , St"'.'1 (:10 . 99 )Q ...."c ved t h e ~roup p r-tn t t-u- -f" "?cility fo,)r rrt'1 -: 1· (~r'Jr.i p ':""ar::!':' , ~ "' -:l . ',;,;-'Lt ',r:l fi t"rc ::t tly nppre c latej, -er- h.a~rf: ·"10·.... r":" e :" '1f~:' t "\"l ,=,e e xc eLLen t", ~jr'l'H:- t i'..m~ . 't o he d i;trl'hutt-d h~1 ? ", r.u1 1. }· ',.;i+.h t~~ ic .'l~l.rs l(,t tt> r . ":'hecm-ds h r-v o o-rr- heade r- ') ri "1 t(~'l '1 i ,-, p. l j· o - f.hern , b 11 t'1 er~ i .... roam for:"G ~ I-j, n aa e an-t l.le"'lber ::'I-o.!.o nunber -, m ...... Cy "i r e t.'1 ~ ~ '.)T·!'e ~ t ~i~ oS ; ':!T "' l !'e\o."~ • ~ ~J. r. ~ t i ~ i tC"lt j.ty r:O";' 0T:J , 1"' 0 --::h at ~'1.e7 "'ov b"" f) ; "''' e d art c:. !r::., t

"(-1, f f)T .., ~ (." tin (":3, '1n,~ <;,,0 s rt~ t" le eY€' ~": O'1"' : 0 '':t~t. ,"') ",,!(' 'W €'fr:::h~ v~'e r ear i1: .

,.; ""':~'r,b ;~ rp td .... cr· "' ''', ~ l "! ~ 't; :7·"'! \\· ... l e -:.." r ~r~ :·­

"'l!:r, A"1j .... :-so'1 1-2 . 3'; ·~.:.r· ·~;;u::,l.~itl.. "'l; "

" i se l("'; '1 , ... .,) •• -:.' 13c, . '''J . L .';h'''~

-7 ;;rl ...... " ':. :':'~ . ~ "'· " ". r t,u.-t<lU.! ,, "". ] f'v i" ;)':"/

-------------------------r-:V:o I::::'S - - A l :- .. t •...C\n.:f.~e to a. fe '" ~ :xiE";1'1:r: -:. e-,l-"" r s .- If :-·CU h ave :lo t 'l a i d '10·_11" :;€ '":l ~. :tA.:").~ e ~ -: f:, .')0 TO..... t': r !'~'il~:'-:1 ~erflf Pte 1 0r~ s ..: 'br:: c r ipt.:o'l .<i~ pe '" ~h~ ::,€n(l·..f:ll fom ~f"'1t ',:i-+;l- ? rec ~'! :~ ! . ~,· - l Fo ~~ e!" . -:: l ~a~ e l~o"" ..., ~ r .:i t'h i ~ ~\fC ;; t o tr-.~ ~.~·'1bp r~hio 3e ,-::rc"' ~=:",

i'p.'.ll ( ~e € s dd reIJ6 ~"t-.~ ....€ ) :0 avoI1you r !'l "r.~ ( ~ .~ i " s- "! ;'letp~ f r-.'"I;n ~~: eG ;,)U~ I ~ :ecorJfII . Ttt is :)"11:·- ·.>.;'i{:l it:= ~ t o ::e,,::1.'ers who h~7e r'?~ "!1~." ~'d ~;ell ~'",a1 !EJt i c e . Pl f" '1~ e "!..O'""::. o re thin i t" you ro nV -;"l't rece ~7"" 1 O'1ll?

2.

~ '-1 ..1 fl:~lUf.\ ry 198"'i (3~- !" ') r:! ,:: ~_ !.". ~G~ ._~,~£' . 5. '-;' . A ·...1.:3-=11 Ge ~. ~ _: ~ :'_~ i:l!"'lt :~ .? Br-Lt f ah tcus e-rm of NfI._turO'!l

Hi~tol"Y. 11 Ri. , '';;·)u t h ~ ,,~:u:3:i lF" ' o" . L \"'nJorl . Jurtith hae booked t heConve r -sas.Lc n r L~O O::! f o r us agai~ , 8 5 1.1. vna AO 8';'::CGSo.fu.1 last January .I s troi.glj' r-e co-ruen d th -l t :/ OU all a't tend -:'hi s me e t I n s-, a s , Lfke thelac t ~ . G .~ . , ~e can t l~ t o get liv e eAailple~ of a~ 'e~J of t he s peci esq$ poss ibl e fo r m~mbers to be abl e to see t hem. Additio~ ~~ly , J udithen';'} bring some of the !':'lseUiD t S Phaaa Ld Collect i on (de-ad) t o s how th€'8mazi'!1 g var:'c ty in thi s g roup of Lnae c t s , Thi s t i-me i t i s also hope.I

- th~t Allan Harman, whose collectinr, t~lps have be p.~ t he source of ~any

cf t he ~ewer spe cies ~ow i~ culture , ~ill be abl e to C3mc along a~d

g ive us a t alk on h i e exped Lt i ons a-id hie col lect i ng exp eri ences .

,.There will, as usual, be a r.s .G. Mart table , where membe r s c~bring along there surpl uB fo r d l stribut lo~ to other members. I .you ar e therefore looking fo r sane start er s t ock t~en don ' ~ fo rgett o bring along some con t ainer s of you~ owoy as the do~o re cannotalways provi do t hem. Ther e is a small Caie cO'1ntcr 11 t he ~a1npart of the Museum , where s~Rcks m~v be pu r chas ed , or you cnnbring your own foo~_!£_Z£~_~~~~ _':'Irt.;.::HOIJEA CA'r;.'O:tI ? P ::l.ll Sr-o ck (No . 25 )

~ ew81etter ~o . 3 Fi ves ~ li t ~l e i~:Q~Rtion on t~is In~ge

~alaysian sp eci es . I have obt ai~ect eEgs ~0 r Group ~~mbers at co~ t

pr ice f rom. r,: l ch~.el K.P . Yeh , a fj ~1 a.Y5ia'1 dc aj.e r- -- priced at £1. 37~er do ze~ epge plu~ ?o ~t Rge/?Ac~ 1' ~ of 25p . Ple as e fiend , i f youc a-i , a s mall t in or 4;ube~ -4;0 ,U..$l)<=l.~ch t '"! em in . E,:,-g 8 a re avad Lab Le0"1 a fi r~t come , fi n~t se r-ved b f!~is with 11 Tl12ximum of 4 de zen r::Zg spe r member ( i 1eal ~i~i~um ~ua~t i~y 3- 4 joze~ ) . ?lea~ e ~akc yourremit t ~n ces payabl e t o t he Pha~~id Study Group .

Yeh is not su re of the foodnla~t t"'ey Here f ound 0"1 i n t hejungl e , but i'l c ap t i v i ty the)' take Guava , which in h is a r-ea i smai nly a~ i~ported garj e~ pla~t , i t bci~g u~commo~ i~ the j un~l e .

I t i s wel l wor t h tryi~~ t~em i~ c?p ~ivi ty O~ ~he usual pla~ t s ,

Bra~bl e , Oak, etc. I a~ i~fc~~d ~h2~ t~~ fe~ ele~ are Qui t eaggressive whe~ ha~dled.

The de scr ip t ion p rovi.ded "later-cs -:= cPl t o::'i , a relative of t hePhamaci a species , and the ~gge ar-e Lde-rt Lc ak to s o-ae previousl yi mpo r ted fro~ ano t he r d e~le r co~e ti~e c~o . A dead fe~?l e ~~s

suppl ied at t hat t i~e whi ch I Ld en t t.f'Led as can t or i r ro -n 2 s oec ircenin my collectio~ , p revio~~ly ide~tifie2 ~t t he Bri tish ~~tura1

Hi et ory xueeu-n, ----------------------Jl:OIlE ON E. TI ARATllM IDG WEIGHT S - Dr. ;>ave Rob1'l son(1' . S.G. L1br arian )

I waG Intere~t ed to r e a d the not e by Lec (NO.50) i n NewsletterNO . 12 abou t ege weights in 3xtato8o~a t tp-r3t~ . In a pape r byK. Korooo t, publ 1ehed in ~n1v err.ity of ~een91and papers , 1961,there ar e figures fo r t he dimensions of E. t iar atum eggs . Here is ap r eci s of the s ect i on of t hat p ~p e r: -

103 eggs we r e obt ain ed fro~ one fe~8le in Janu ary . On the 29thAugust, 40 hat ched . 1'1 JUl y of t he ~ollo w1ng ye ar (19 ~onths afterl avi ng) 10 ma r e ha tch e i produci ng only fe~alea . The ce l a t t er eggswer e all small : 3 . 30~~ x 2. 9 1~m co~pared ? i th 4. 12mm x 3 .2 1 ~m L~t he f orme r group . Tne average eg; weight ~a~ 5 . 32mg.

The r esults auo t ed i n thi ~ uaper ere 1"lterce t i ng becaus e t hey8ugee s t that unfertilised eggs , whlcn produce only f emales , mayalso be s~all er . Tne ¥e i ehte Riven i~ ihe 1~wgletter suggest thatfemal es often come fro~ i l fht e r eggs . Tne obvi ous experi ment fo rso~eone to do now i s t o co~bine weisht and hetching t ime dat a t oconfi~ ( or refu t e ) that wei ght dlffer~nc ~s are 8CBociate1 wi t hfe~tilisatlon , and ~ot directly wi t h t he ~ ex , of t~e e-nbryo .

"PRE-P ACKED" E.TI A..'tATWoi BOOS?SaMe t L'1 E! 2.~O , I r e c e ived S'O'1lC cuer-L e s and obae r-vatdon s fro;'.1

t wo ~esb e rs, Martin ( ~o. 67 ) a~d St ~phe'1. (No .1 0 1) conce~ine tnei rE. t iarat um ova. At t ne t i me I wond e r ed ~·!hether i t -ra e a mouldwhd cn W8,8 f orming on the eggs , but f11rthe r cO::mlun i c a:t i on and somes amp les showed t hat it vae 'lot . Pet-naps t he eas iest way of puttingt he observAt i ons f orward i s t o ~ t2 rt with St ephen ' s que ry and t~e~

f ol low wi t h fo~artin ' s oba ez-va t tons rSt euhen writes : I n ~y l aet letter 1 esked you abou t a thi n

white l ayer f orming on t he outs i de of ~he eggs of ~y Macleay ' ~Spe ctre . I have '1ot i ced t hat a coup Le of eggs had it on t h emactually i n the f emale ' s abdo'nena.L t i p . You put it down to a moukdbut I a~ wO'lder ing whet her it ac t ual l y is moul d . I enclose anaffe c t ed e~~ fo r i n spec t i on .

","'""'"WoO ITlS. 'S .....

"" -

l-'ip..rt l n 1-'rl tes : I., -iv l :':l ~ t l e t t e r I t old you about hO~f the egg~f E.ti aratQ~ h~R a thi~ 8ki~ arou~d i t 2~tocn p.d t o t h€ de ~ ~ t chablewl" ite "kno b" ( t he Cnpitulu"J ) 0-:1 t he ope r-cu'L um , 'ie l l , s o y ou k-ie v ".'ha.tI' m t f'l..1kin~ about , I" " e ee-rt :,_'1 egg with. 'the "Jr :.ob" a-id E:/)"!!.e 0 :' t hee t r -ange ak Ln Gently s c r'aped o!:' ,.. ~. t 'l ~ p i n .r tve a 'Lso d t.a covc r-ed a little :"'101'1" : -

1. I ., ['ly l l:l. ~ t l e tt e r I ~d ~ t"Hi.t I '·!2.~ "lo t~ure ~~eth er tbe ~k i"1 c~ve!"'s the .,icropylp,~

~ l~te or not . ~ell , T' 'lP fou~j th~t i t doe~

a~d a 9~all ho l e 1 s l eft ~here t h e actu~~

micropyle 1r-. ~~e sk i~ O~ th~ ~ic ropylar

tll ·..tl? i f' made 0: .3 Ji ~fere"lt -tat e r -Laf andi~ 2 v ery pal e buf f c~ 101\ !,. tI3!" anybo1yan ex oLanat t.cn?

2 . ':'h e "b ob" s ee-n e t o be f i lle1 , o r at l e ast , p e.r -tLy f i lled witha Rtic::y , m'.1cus- l i!:e nubst ance ( t h i s i s onl y 1n fresh ly l aide ~s . i~ ol d er egg~ the "k nob" ~hrivels a~d d ri e s up ) . I t i Ea1~o ~uc~ ~a~ i~ r t o '7k~ t~e ~ki, off fre~~ly l ai d e~gs , s i n c ei~ oLde r- O"le s i t d r-Ies ( 'lo t :;hp"t it' s wet , but u -tde r-ne abh the~lti "l the re U RO F.Ee~!:=: t o he ~ ve r-v th i "l Lev e r- o f the mucus-1 i k e aubs t an ce } and eee-ie to rr t Lck to the s ide of the eg~ ( the-tucu a- d. Lke eu b s t rorce n rob abLv acts a s q so r t o f ~lue . t h ou gh.....hy , I don I t kn:O ~i) . ~ w -

3 . When fr~~hly l~id eg~s a re ~ert i ., a ~~id envi ro~~ent the"k nob" s 'I.{ell s and be c on c a v€:'I1' round ed i n shape , but whe n theye r e k ept i '1. a d ry emra ro-re en t , t he " k -i ob'' cur-t vct e e n I b eccme a~ery ~~l:C pled 1"l ~~~, e . 00ulJ t h i c b ~ a"lvthi~g t o do wi+.h t h e,~~us-likc sub~t zncet

( An i '1. t ere :-- t i'lp »r-ou p of oba c r-vrrt Lon e (1 !'1 c o..... ethi nr: t nrrt -aany o~ \\Shav e probabl y ceen , ou t no t r eall y not i ced . On c ne ck i ng "Yly cul tureeggs , 1 se e au i te a fe~'f whi c h a re cover-en ....i t ti thl ~ ~ll-ti ti -r n s'~ i'l ,

eve-r t nou - n i Iv e no t no t Lc e d i t be f ore . Fro""'! J':a r t i n I e obc e rvat t.onn ,i t ....ou l d ~c e~ t hn t t he ski~, whateve r it s f~~c t ion i ~ ~eRlly , a c ts11k£! lSI a em Le- p e r-ee e bLe -aen br ane , a l lowi l'l€, "T'oist u r e t o pa s s back a ndf o r t h depend ent u pon t he ....e-ic r 'aL hu -md t t v of' ": ne e-iva ro-rncn t ,

Oc' nLd i t be a short ten o ro nect t ve -ned d.a t o pro t ect t he ept;f rom s hock when t he f e:nale ~hro ....s i t a't!ay wi bh h e r u srna.L en -bhu st Laamdu z'Lng t h e: l:~:V i 't e o p c r a t Lon f HI;.:'" any o f the bi o l ogists a."':1o ..,g~t u sro t Rny id en ~ on : h i s? - Tony)

---------------------------------A FEW ~OTES ON EUROPEAN STICKS - -- t es ( No. 59)~,,'nilc 1:1 Cyp ru a aeve r-a'l " C''::T~ -v-o I d Laoov e t-ed ;:. -urnbe r- of

Rt ic1{ 1~~e ct~. ~ t on e of thf' '91'iti:::h ··~ilit ,!:lrv r '~ r- e s t ' , e r e (r·~v f atheri s 1n t he :loyal Ai r Po rce} , All ....e re f'ou-rd p".; 'on r> Lo cetLon , and.... e r e Found re~ ti "lg ::: - on p:!" t p'l"l">f'e p 9 . :'ney s-ere 2" "-3" ( 6 . 5-7 . 5mrn )l ong ~n j ~ ll green .

Due to t h e cli;:; ,:" t e 1'1 t -ie r.lediterr~'1 (·'~ ( h'J "', d I""J SFa.me r s ) , If pel t h~ t tnp. apecie~ fro~ :~i~ Tp.Ci o"l ~) 1 1 ~p ~e~~o n~b le . c ~pt~re

bet!1€, r.l1"J ~t 11':r ~ly d11r i ., ... 3 :'ri 'u· ';"1' ""1'1" " unmr- r -, 3P.ES p ro b ab'Lyae s t e r -srt e ( Sll..n~ e '" h i be r 'l .""t .1,u ""l ) . :''''e cJ, · "IT~ n " o" co161}~ o " ~"h eLn e e c t s f~ - -e e-t t -::: s ..::"':1.... vou'Ld ~i -1 c s-nou f Lage when the gras s esdry i n Su-m e r , ,..hilst the- s-ree-r co Lou r-e wO\ll,] be an advan cage when1. ~ t e f'r-e vh in Sp r-t-r s- , Th e r e "";IV b e ,,; ...0 b rood a in the ~ i11 Al1tumnarid Sprin p,.

I'm auba enuen t Ly jnfor-e1 by i:JY ~ i~tcr th'3t t he Cyp!"'lF': s -tt ck ,p r-eeu-nab.Ly Bac dL'l.ue cvpr-tua (!TI]\"s l e t t e r 'fo. 4) o c cu r n 0"1 a t Le a s rtone o the r t-r-ee of t.h e Ls Lend , 'tne s e c: hf' ea... i"1 reasonable numbe raronj were a bout 5"( 1 2 . 5~} an i] brown i n cot cnr ( r- Lco astr e e- wi th~ew~letter VO.4 ~ea~ur~~ents) . J C~~ ~nly ~~S~~e t hose which I h a de een before "ere'" "!":.r :' !" the~J ,.:t"T'] ~m;tller.

r

~ .

NOTES ON PRESERVING STI CK l:mE~~S - - r,ul ( No. ?6)

P <"\rt 1 : Ree r -ed sp e c I ra en s, Ad u'Lbs

INTRODUCTI ON For ~ttractive di ~p lays , why not pr es erve the~t i ck Ln a e c t s you b r -eed , ef. t he r- 1'1 ~ ~tra: &,htforward mann e r ,e . g . fo r a s c i e"1 tific co'l.Le c t Lo -t Or i f ·, 0u f e el a t-t Ls t t c , i na I ~atu ral l di spl ~y. ~~c¥.i .,~ ~a~o~fl Rge , b~h ~viour , o r d e fe~ce

ac t i on . The fo l lowinc p~cou., t ~ives brief i'1~n~atio" , Pleas e-io t e th~t t h is t~ :fo rn t:l t ion i F' g::l t h e r e d f ro-n my OW'l e xoer-t e -r c e ,

an d ot b e r- s "TJ~y ha.......e equally ;;000. o r be t t e r me t hod s .

TheTe a r e variations on th~~e~ , bu t basi call y o~e ~ust

consdde r t he i Tlsect i t s elf : t he La r-ge , r-obu at ~ l sua.ll~r ::lie i ngo od cO"1~ ition , e.e.~ca., th~ , B~d the i r bod i e s wi ll ~ot rot ,so~e smalle r ~pecies , e .~ . Baci l l us and f leshy i nsects , e . g .Ey.tat oFlo113 ( f emale s ) wdLl, no rma.Lky di e , :)-'1.11 t he bodLea ro tQui ckl y .~ 10 obta1n · eood spcc1~e~s, on e ~U3t ~ive co~sid erat 1o~ t o

ki l ling t he adu'l.t s , eLbher- i '1. a. killinG JAr , using one of t h eu s ruaL i ns ec t ~{ 11li'1g f Lud.d s , or :''1 a larger c losed tL'1 if t hesnec ime~s a re l a r ge . ~he st~ee to do thi~ i~ p r e f e r abl y whent he ap ec L'n ena a r e ne e r -Lv du e to d Le -in tur-a'LLy ,

''/he., d ead , t h e su ec t -ce -re :nay b e oe t G-:1t 1':1 t he usuat. mann e r ,wi np,ed speci~e"1s loo~ att ractive with oie ,or both ~in£s s p r eadout , <1."1U i f two ap ccdmena are avai l able t 'tcy ahou.Ld be ee t wi t hwings o pen an d cLo aed , A f'La t soLf.I p f e ce of cork (i tl th i ck)is u s eful for mou~tin€ .

Spec imens usually t ' tr'l out quf t;~ v e L'L i ~ i;ht:'1 kep t d a r kf or t W\I ve eks or oo , d e'oe-td In c :)'1 t iv; aaec t ea , t~ e coLou r-s canbe .z-e t a d-ted wP-ll . Psd r- r-esu.L't a ca."} he ohte l '1e1 with E.ti? ra t-umf'emaLe e t h i s WRY . bu t an aLt e rn a't Lve i s l b ~.l:'i"l r; l them. Placethen i n t he oven , ".chen :::til l v arra , on cork 0 1:' sett i nr, bo a rd , int h€ de8 i~ed pos itlo~ . ne~embcr to u s e a tin ba~e fo r J l a cing i~

t he oven . ~hia me thod c ~u@.es t he i ~ 3 ect to 3hrl nk q litt le , a'1de -re ID'J.St b e c ar'ef'u L ha'1Jl i '1. t i t , be crrus e i t '" i l l be very bri ttle .A'1ot her nlte~~ti7e 1 2 ~o c~t t he u 'ld ers i d e o~ t he abdomen ,r-e-novo i t.e ccrr t en t a , a'L! :~ t '.l ff t he body ~d t h co t to-t wooL, Th i sis p a.rtic~larly e f fect ive i n re~ ai"li'1g ~r~ e~ ho dy col ou r , e. g .Het ero'Ot ""~;Yz. - Ll.Lusrtr'e.te d hy s p e c lrnen s ncrrt "to 'ne r rom We.st:': al~y s ia ae deads t ock ,

'I'he l :>rf:e !'lt .sp e cdmena po aedbLe ahou 'Ld be p r es e rved - t heyo f t en sb rd-ik R 11 t t Le »ha bever- -net hod of p r -ee e rvab l on , IfpORs i hl e they ehou .Ld be perfect , a.'1:'1 it is "ri~~ e a't tl,e t i me t oat t~ch d a t a le~el~ . ~ivine detai ls o~ o ri~inal lo c ~l i ~y ( i fk'1.0"''Il) , dat e , foo,l p1 <.--...,t~ rea r-ed on . A..'11 breeder 's n ame ,

BASIC }: 3THO;)S : ( ll ) Kept dark ( t ) Eo', . ( e ) Stuff wi th C. wool

ro-:t eud t abLe F" -nmpLes- - Ref'e r -e-i c.: ro . s Telf:te to P .S.G .Gultl 1r~ 'v t.e-np t ed li s t .l an 19A2 .

P re f ": r~ hly (a) : 1 , 2 , ), ·A, , 5 , ), 1 2 . t } , I 'J ,1 7 , 1 9 . 20 , ? ~ , 23 , 2 7 , 29 ,3 1 ,35 ,~1) ,37,39 .

Po~si bly fai r re ~~u t ? 9 . ~olcurs dif=i~ult t o retai~ : 3 , 6 , 35

femal e s .Wo rth trying ( b ) : 9 ,11 ,1 3 fe~~l~s p~rt icularlY . 1 5 , 18 .20 .~o rth tl~ing ( c ) : r0 2s ~oly 9 ,1 8 .

Ph ooc sp ecip.~ "lo t li ~+'e1 above s .T-11 1 '1 t I h ev e SO'lC in mycoLkec t Lon , t.no s e vc i-e Ol)tA i '1('J f -:-·.,r: tne ,:,,: ouJ1t r i i? s con ce rned ,'lot v i a br~1 ~~eci~ens .

'[o t e that r.:.ethod (b ) I'J.f\.V O~ conud.de r-od f'o r- rmccd.ea Which h av edi ed naturally , espec i nll y l arger 3pecies , i f t hey ar e mount ed

6.bef ore t ney begin to rot . C t heTh'i~e, if set end kept i~rk , t heJmay renetn i n fR.ir condition , althour"h r esult n a r c usuelly poo r .

Please contact me i f ~ore detailed info~3tio~ is required .To be contL~ued ••• • •••• •

Next a rt i cl e : 2) Pres erveJ sp e cimen:" f r om dcal p. rz / i ndi v i d1AnlS .

-----------------------------ll ART COORJ IN ,\1'OR' S 'n l' OR1 15+h 1,0y to 23rd July 1982

J URt a few e~Qu1rip.~ t nis time~

Je an (No. 89) CO" o'",,"ly eegs of 1. 3. 4 . 5. & 9 End requi r e s 2 . 10 . 12 .15 .19. 20. 22 . 27. & 37.

I';s.rt i n ( !Io . 67) c an s'nop.Ly eg{Ss of 1.& 9., eggs and nymphs of 3.and r'eu u i.r'e s 10 , 11. 15. 17.18. 19 .22 .24 .25.27 . & 31 .

Les ( ~o. 50 ) can s u pnlY ef"s o f 1. 9 . 22. & 29 .P .~ .C .Simonip (No .117) r equests eges of 11. 29 . & 31.

As fo r myself , I have 3 males of 32. are there a~Y f e4al es about ?Nell , not many this ti~e _ ~sybe ev e ryone has all t hey n eed?

Se r i ous l y , though , if you have s pecies t o dispose of then pl e 2s el e t me know. On the other h~nn ~hould any of you r equire a spe ci e si n p~rt i cul ar , t hen a s .a.e . i s all I need to l et you know i f thespecies i s avaf.LabLe , an d who ca'1 supply . Some, I :18.y be able t osupply , -- eggs only -- .

I f t here are any ~e~bers ~~th ideas on ho~ the Mart ~ay beimproved et c. , t hen I would be plea~ed t o hear f rom you .

)lo b ( ~o. 2 2)

-------------------------------A FEWNOTES Oli DOE1iA"iCY OF EGt1S A"J'v LI F"~ CYJL3S -- Les ('To . 50)Stick i~sects aDpe~r to ~~ve t hr p. € di f fe r en t life styles a~

below; - .1. One generatio~ per year , the egg being doro~~t at the l eas t

hospitabl e time of the year . I f this happen F- t o be Winter , theegg can be r-aid to hibe~ate , as i n ~ew Zeala~d s pecies ( Th e irclimat e i s much li~e Britain 1 s ) , o r , if do~a~ t L~ Summer , thisis ~o~ as Ae~tivatio~ a~d occurs whe re pla'1t R dry up in t he3umrner ( D~e to heat of t he ~u~ ) .

20 ~wo ge'1erations per y ear , when both ~nmner a~d Winter a r eLnho s pLt ab 'Le t o the adul t s and nymphs , L;e , Ba.cil lu3 s pe ci es .~he species B.ros91us , I find h~s a di~ferent promi~e~t colou r1~ each generati o~ , green i~ Spri~g , brown /st raw i n Autumn .~his would coincide with the colour of Grass es 1~ the ~atural

habi t a t at t hese times .3. Some species; Thail~nd,Indian , Rnd Pink-wi~gej , apgear to be

cont.tnuouat v brooded, 1.e . in the n nbu ra.I s t ate all stages wi l lbe present a t anyon e t a.ee , 'l'iith 'the s e npe cLea it wcuj.d b e~dvan t~eous i f ~ales fran a p~rt icul?x femal e ' s offspri~g d iedbefore :h~ f emal e s m ~tured , ther eby promoting cros s fert ilisat ­ion wi t~ ~ ~ the s p ec ies . The s e ~pee ie8 are char~cteri ~ed by f~s~

growth and a shor t dorma'1cy 1'1 t he eGg .

---------------------------------ON TH ERMOSTATS AND THINGS Michael & Franc~s (No . 3 )

During a s ingle night we find we ge t better tempe rature con t rolwithout our air thermostats (about 3 °p instead of S Op ) , so nowwe just keep an eye on the we e k by week temperature and change thewa t t a ge of the c overed lig ht bulb in o ur heater eve ry s o often .

Does anyone wa n t to buy t wo t hermostats ??

P .S . t o Ma rt Ca - ordina tor1s He a r t (above )Pete r No.9 1 Has surp lus o va a nd/ o r nymphs of the following :1 , 3,4 , 5, 9 ,1 2, 13, 2 0 , 22, 2 3 , 29 , 3 1 , 36 & 39 . P l e a se s e n d S .A .E . fo r ovao r Stamped Labe l . + container f or nymphs. Co l l e c t i o n prefered but.L _ , __l. ,_.__,_" __ l._oo _ _ 1 C" . _ .. _ , ,_ .... ... ~~ ~ .. . ..

7.PSG!5 : TlACULur,: TI'!'RA:JZOITATIw. Tne A.'1.na-n Sti ck

Cultur e Histo ry : ~o certal~ty of hl~ tory of t~is speci ~ 8 .

J ud i th (~o . 1 3) think~ th~t t he cu l ture W2~fir~t b rouetrt in to Brlt ai!1 eoe e-e t -ne in thee2rlv 19 ~O ' p . Cpn a~vone co~~ u p wi th ~~y

l!1fo~~tion to he lp be mor e exp l i c i t ?First Deec r ibed : Cll tua~J B extradentatus - BTQ'1.ner 1907

: 193 --~a1 e o!11y .~:otee ( 1) 'I'h e dat e i n "Stick &: Le ai' r n ee c t e" i s "lo -l;;

co~ect . ~he book r eferred to as ~ B~~n~er &Re-i t e"lb?icher , 1908" was actua'Lkv pu bLf s h od tnt~ree parts : Rerltenbacher 1906, Br~!1ner 1907 ,& Redt e~bacher 1908.

( 23

) Cli tUIll."lUS Is a juntor aynonytn of Bacu.Lum,( ) I n "3 .& L. lns ects" , all r efere!l ces t o

I ~eregard ' should read IBergerard I.Range : '!'h e origL?1al cultur e "'later i al. appears t o have been

obtained from the Ann~ area of South 7~etn~~ .

-'-

Adults : Tne fe~ale i ~ a c edi um sized insect wi th a bodjlengthof 9 5= and bo dywidth of 4 t o 5=. Overall s he is 1751lllli n le!1f.': tlt a"1.i "Tl?,Y be a pale buff , dar k g r'een , o r dark

- 'bro"'"T1 . Occasionally l '"1 dividuals

Il~ f wi t t, a , 1x t u re of colour s can,1 1.,. fO\1'1.d . All the l egs are

~ ~uipped vi tn fine tho rn­~ ike protube r a"1ce s , the

.~~~=:~~~~~~~~ l~rgeBt of w~ich o ccur, alo~g the mi d- l eg s .1 Perhaps t"te noa t' J'I "Y"; characteristic featur e

) ~/ ~-;:.-=;::- :-:~...:::?-~ :.:::--' of t hi s species i s t he.--:I~:. ,'f~ "" o rt horn-like point .

-; 3'?: .,;:-~ '-::~ just behind the eyes~ , /1;::~ ~~~ c.:- on the t op of the

/. ..-~ -.f.-::~ ~~-~ f emale ' s head . Sadl y ,.7 • • .,· ' , \ ..... ~ ,- t h i s species appears.> ..~ to have .1 eg e'1e rated i n

cul t u r e to a pa r t he!1o_~en et ic r eproduction , And s o far we have no t

b e en able t o trace anyone with a reM ai"1i~g ~ale andfemal e true breed ing cultur e . Cons~quently ~e ca"lnot ye tp ro v ide a description of the males , otner than a briefi ndication i'1. John ( No . 48) ' s book II St i ck S: Leaf In ::::ects n

( Now out o f pri nt ) where t h e ~al e ' i s a very sle~derinsect ~ome 70nm long ' , and apparen t ly will c~st of~lep,s at the slight e~t provocatio~ - po~sibly t he rea~onwhy Our culture~ are fe~ ale only now. Farti '1. ( No . ~7)r~port s a fel'Q ale .....hi ch 't ended to turn a brick- r ed colouras the humidity f-t c r-e aaed , bu t I h~ve notdced t~at mycultur~ te'ldE t o dar ken i k e~t warm R"1d mois t , tendi~€to pro~uce da rk gree'1.s . Les ( no. 50 ) ~e'1 t io~ed th~t h eonce obt a i ned two pai r s f rom Beautiful Butterflies ,Bourton-o~-tne-water .....hl cn then had a cultur e goi~g , bu to~ce seain the ~alee hed a habit or loeing t h e i r li~bsnat ched by ~o otner s pecies he has had s i n c e t hen.

•

N,Vlllp h s

Defence

Foo dpbmts

8 .The ov~ ~ rc ~~~:l 01o~gat s1 070 id ~ h~7in£ ~ b~g~ __,- l":)u '1d C'): c ' ,r of p e.Le s L'Lv s r-v pr ey . ~he !!'ur:"ac€ ofe ac n i :~ rHi.~ t -:.rn?d - ,,;i 1~n :'O ' : rn~ p srtches of rat.c ec l <? rkoc nercurc-arev ::'Tl :; ~""'i. rl.y r'andor- - ~...n-t e r- , ?lt hOU!"h.<:10::1 '- p~r.~ f ·'"o-t .1·, Fl ::; '; i :" t 1.u .~ :--lj :,: r l 1.1t" t; 'cr rtt.e rn f rom t h em1c ropi l ::t r 7'': ~. t. ~ ( B) . ""'"to? j icro~:'11.qr· pLa'te i~ a $, !~.ll~l'ilO!"t. cl r-cuLor- :c~. ':"1 ,::. ·,-,;hnpefl ob j ec't ~7'hir:}] hns s:!.i ~h":: lyr~i:.=:ed e i ~p~ , ~~~ t~are i 8 '~ ra i~ ~d k ee l do~m to t heb~A e of th~ ~~? 7he o?erculun ( A) i~ ? s~all ci r cular~lo~py black rl~t~ h ~vi~r a do~e~- ~ha? e1 CR?itulum atit :: ce-rtre vi.th on i'1n_ e'1.tc:tio~l f't t he t op • .!~t t h ecircu~~~r~nc e of th~ o~ ercul\w , there ar e t wo raisedca~ cp~ tTic r i nrs ( C). The ov n nre 2 . 5~ long by 1 .5~~Hirle , 'll"\::l er-e l aid 0:"; r-and om, w'ter -e t hey fal l . Son eOYP. I~,~:r 't oke up ':l o l nnra t ion f ro:'l au r-r-cund dnr- met er-t.af ,::5 p"-ki'l !' them t \ dark bro,:(.1.i sh-grey , especially i f t hee~vi ro~~e~t i~ sl i ehtl y daMp.

: ~hc nymp ha hat ch ~ :i th n o npe c'i ak r equi rem ent s, o t her'th an 8. rcp.sonRbly :·mrr.l 't emp ez-a't'ur-e 2.'1.:' humfdi t~r , E\..'1.d",-ill ''"lu i te h 8.pp j 1y e;ller ce t ro-i t 1.e fr~~~ at t he bo t t cmo f th~ n0 r',a]. cu Ltur-e cere ; In al.L s t aae s the:, Lo o kVf. ry ea-u.Lar- to t h e o1ttlt n , al though t~ H~:l a r-e ge:terall yo f a L'L"1 ilorm T, ~l E' o r~"1GY-buff ·ur rtLl, La'te z- i !1ctars , whend epend Lng l.lp(.n co -ia i. nton s "'~hey ~oy 't ake on g z-e en Lahcc l.our-atton ,No actlv8 1e~e~ c e h~ ~ been ~otl~ed , t~e in~&ctB a~r0ar

to r~ly on i 'l"mo bi li t y to convtnce the dis t u l 'bi:1C a ndmakth~,t t h e r e Ls '1fJth.i:l .~ to 't eke -tot.Lce o f .

: All t -iet.ar-e ? "1:! .?..dul t s f e ed r e a 'lily 0·1 3 ra'"lJ.bl e . I h ave~o t t es t ~d a~y other foodpla~ts o r had ~~y report~d o

: A8 ',vi t h -ios t or bhe 'mdrl Le e l. zed st Lck -e L'i.ke Ph asmi .)s ,t'l-::o f p"J.al.es appea r t o b e mo r e t olerent of Lc .....e r- t e-ip e r-.atures t han t he male~ . Pe r haps t h is 1s the re ~son f ort.he nl?ner.'3,1 l o s s of t h e ma.Les i , t h i s aeec Le s- cu'l t uz-e ,fJe rt?'l '11:r . :ter:'\ cJ.es ~.,ill eorrvt v e a t t eepo r atur-e a '10 ,",""1 to~ 5 1:: but; a r-e r:lusrrish t "l r-ove-ae-rt , v a rm the!'..a ~o 75- 80 'Fand t;h~y bCCO:1€ -au ch no r-e act i ve . I n cu .Lt.u 're the re isa opecIu s lmo an ea Bacu Lnm i np i (':lilrl t whoee f e::w.le s lookv-e r-' :", iTl ~..,,~r 1: 1) Bs exbr-ad errt a tum , ~"11 me.L e a ezi~t ( a t lea fi .... ...., . . c u.L bur-e) " he "r:~. 100" v e: .."".r <:, i"'i l~r when °O" n are~• I J ,.... .• • . __- ':,; '~ • • · ,· , oJ ", ,,<,; , . , ~ ..... ' " .... 1

'tu t u-i ~ il -.Ie con check ubeae -eat es ag f.l. l '1s t ~.;""1own Bacu'Lumoxt r'ade-rt a'tu-n '11£'..lCF , ve c ann o t be su re whether both oft-tese cu.L t1\re~ ar-e , i » feet , the name 3p ecie s . Do es aiy­one kno .... of ".l . c:r 't r'aderrt a tnun ""I ~::"'L(~ S s t i ll i n ~ultu:re? Onepoi~t which ~u~gp.sts t hev m~7 be diff€re~t is t h a t myBs t mp t cr'un; £'llRlf?s seem qu i t e r-obus-t ( al 'thouch n tLl .L V f:;rjr

s Lende r ) and ~ 'i. o ~o t l O B I? l eg s . I s hall cove r t.bco e b ,-ocuLtur-ea i f po c sd hLe i.., the "te xt -ievs 'L e t t e r- , wh i ch I hop ewi il be ci rc'uP.ted f'0:ueti"w in October t o t ry to catch UI;OD t he t i~€ s l ip . Ca1"J. 0v~~one ple~ ~e hel p out with t hisp ro bf.em, f. ncLud .l-ir- t he 2ctU;::'.J. sour-ce of B. i mpip,rurr. .

--------------------------:,'e l l , th~ t 'r ~ bo"J:' It :?o r '10 W. Sorry f o r t h i s s l i p i n t i mi ng , bu11 11 1 t ry t o co rrect i t 1"1 ~h~ ney t ~~W i F- sue s . I e~ ~ll be c c t t i "1 f,tog e t h e r SO~~ '1ot e s on ~reedi~~ C ~ee~ for t h e ~ ~ ~t few i s s u e s so i f~...ou haven 't f:' en t ir.C a '1'y i Uf>as on t his :!lost i mport"'L"1t 3f'1i'~Ct of ou rac t i v i t y then ~en d iT; in e.s s oon "'1_ ~~ possi bl e . 11"J. v i c,:,' of ther el a t ively short tirle to t l, e '1dX t n ewnl l:' t t e r, I s hell do e. p relimi'la:1:s pe cies repo rt o'!'!. Pnib - _l o s oCi<'l ph3'11 i num , ~. ~; :,ecie~ I can cove r fairl~

e l1silY'~'practi c aJ 1~/ , ~...n;l ~;he his tory o f vl'l1i c~ 1 s k':1oW"'l . 'l'h:'s s p eci e shas b een ~tart! '1 O' t o ci rc'll::l":e thi G y r;::o T , nO t he i "': form~~ ion may b eu s eful . We s hall 'be lookin g out f ··Jr ,Vo'J. a l l .? t t h e A.B . S . l "l e p. ti~£!

i n Oct ober, e,0 ".'hy n0 ~ ' CO"'e 2.101:-,: for a ch a t ?Rye fo r "10H. . . . • • 'Pony.