F actors influencing cow comfort
description
Transcript of F actors influencing cow comfort
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Factors influencing cow comfort
Steve Adam agr.R&D
Valacta
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Valacta Dairy Production Centre of Expertise
Dairy knowledge at your fingertips
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Temperature(Quebec)
jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
AverageMaximumMinimum
°C
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MISSION Unite industry stakeholders
in improving the efficiency and profitability of dairy farms by stimulating the
development of knowledge, facilitating its diffusion, and encouraging its adoption by
dairy producers.
Mr. Pierre Lampron, dairy producer
President of FPLQ and Valacta
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Structure
• Limited partnership• Board: 14 members• Majority are producers
FPLQ 52%MCGILL 24%MAPAQ 24%
FGCAQ (Quebec Federation of Management Clubs )
CIAQ (Quebec AI Centre)
CQRL (Quebec Dairy Breeds Council)
University of Montreal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Laval University
Representatives from the Atlantic Region
One external administrator
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Major FunctionsThe development of knowledge and its transfer to dairy producers and industry partners• Advisory Services• Personalised Strategic Advice• Group training sessions and workshops• Extension and communication
Technical Services• Milk Recording• Data Collection and management• Milk Quality and CQM• Milking Equipment and Methods
Laboratory Analysis Services• Milk Recording• Milk Quality• Milk Payment• Reference Analysis
Processing of milk recording data within CDHI
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PROVINCE ValactaPE NS NB NL QC Total
# Herds 209 245 225 39 6,353 7,071# Herds using MR 124 155 154 5 5,083 5,521
% using MR 59.3 63.3 68.4 12.8 80.0 78.1
# Cows on MR 9118 12,959
12,069 798 290,188 325,132
Average Herd Size 73.5 83.6 78.4 159.6 57.1 58.9
% Herds >50 64.3 71.1 65 100 47.5 49
% Milking Parlors 34.3 65.1 56.9 80 8.21 11.1
Distribution of Clientele
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Field ServicesCategory Number
Regional Managers 7Strategic Advisors 10
Dairy Production Advisors 65*Business Development Coaches 4
Dairy Production Technicians 152**Milk Quality Technicians 11
* 8 organic specialists** 36 CQM support** 21 CQM auditors
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The largest dairy laboratory in North America
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Research & DevelopmentMultidisciplinary team
Nutrition, Genetics, Comfort and welfare, Agroeconomist, Veterinarian, Goat milk production, Organic milk production,
Data analysis and Knowledge transfer.
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What do cows need?
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What do cows need?• Water and feeding• Space• Rest• Air• Light
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Feeding
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Non-dietary factors and herd performance (Bach et al., 2008)
• 47 herds with similar genetics were fed same TMR
• Milk yield varied by ±13 kg/d– Mean milk yield = 29.5 kg/d
• Non-dietary factors accounted for 56% of variation in milk yield– Age at first calving– Feeding for refusals (29.0 vs 27.5 kg/d)– Feed push-ups (29.9 vs 25 kg/d)– Stalls:cow
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Bunk space
• Reduce competition• 60 cm (Lactating)
• 75-90 cm (Dry-Transition)
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Water
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Water• Min 2 troughs/group• 60 cm per 15-20 cows.• 60 cm/head (exit of the parlor)
Position:External wall
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Is it correct ?
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Resting
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Relationship between resting and milk yield (Miner Institute data base)
(Grant, 2010)Resting time (h)
Milk
yie
ld (k
g/d)
27
3236
41
45
49
7 10 13 17
y = 22.3 + 1.7 xr2 = 0.31
~1.7 kg/dmore milk foreach extra
hour
Increased resting time with greater DIM, milk yield (Bach et al., 2010)
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Cows have strong behavioral need to rest …
• Cows sacrifice feeding to make up lost resting– For every 3.5 min of lost
rest, cows sacrifice 1 min of eating
• Cows spend more time waiting in alleys to lie down than eating when overstocked
• Negative effects of short periods of deprivation are cumulative
Resting: 12-14 h/d“Vitamin R”Grant, 2010
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Resting time
• Minimum 12 h/d
• To promote resting time:
– Stall width – Soft surface
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http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/livestock/dairy/facts/info_tsdimen.htm
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Knee test
Source: Symposium sur les bovins laitiers 2004
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Space
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Stalls per cow and milk production in 47 herds fed same TMR (Bach et al., 2008)
R2=0.32
Milk yield = 20.4 + 7.5 x stall/cow
1.5 kg
Grant, 2010
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Raising up
Dr Neil Anderson
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Lying down
Dr Neil Anderson
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Perching
http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/livestock/dairy/facts/info_cowbehave.htm
Source: M.F. Hutjens
Maximum 3 %
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Standing or lying diagonally
http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/livestock/dairy/facts/info_cowbehave.htm
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Lying backwards
http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/livestock/dairy/facts/info_cowbehave.htm
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Agitation
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Caudal licking behavior
http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/livestock/dairy/facts/info_cowbehave.htm
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Comfortable walk
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Dog-sitting
http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/livestock/dairy/facts/info_cowbehave.htm
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Stall design
Maintain neck rail at 110 to 130 cm above bedding surface
C = Length from rear curb to neck rail
23 cm max
B= Divider mounting width
30 cm max from stall surface to top of lower divider rail
12 cm
20 cm high curbMinimum sand depth at Max fill: 30 cm
Minimum sand depth before fill : 15 cm
A = Length from rear curb to brisket locator
Stall length 300 cm against a side wall , 275 cm Head to head
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-More milk than mattresses or straw bedding.-Less injuries-Liying time is better
But :-Manutention-GranulométrieTest de la poignée
Sand
Vortex Holsteins
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Matresses/bedding
La litière est toujours obligatoire… pour réduire l’abrasion
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Space allocation
http://www.wilsonagri.co.uk/polypillow.htm
« Brisket positionner »Less than 10 cm
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Commodus (Lely)
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Commodus (Lely)
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Logistalle
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Logitalle
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Logistalle
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Greenstall
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Greenstall
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Neck
Acceptable(0-1)
unacceptable(2-3)
Neck injuries
score 0 = ok , 3 = swollen with or without lesion
MAPAQ
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Lesion and hair losses
http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/livestock/dairy/facts/info_fsdimen.htm
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Gait scoring
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Air
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Temperature and humidity
• The best temperature for high milk producing cows is:
5°C !!
• Thermal comfort zone is:-13°C to +27°C (23°C for high milk producing cows)
Heat stress ( 24°C + 80% RH ):
-Reduction of consumption Reduction of production
- Reduction of length and expression of heats- Reduction of conception rate and embryo survival
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Low Profile Cross Ventilation Barns
House, 2010
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Tunnel ventilation
6 km/hNo flies !
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Fans
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Light
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LightDairy cows: 16 hours - 200 Lux
Dry cows: 8 hours-200 Lux
6 kg/d for first 9 weeks
Auchtung, 2005
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Gracias!