eyky yay ¡ Tlfp - Amazon S3 · (3) (4) dS>guk_u iŒ$Ap[dp‹ ‘Y$hp_p¡ My—bp¡ gp lìg hgp...

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(cpN :- 15)

eykya° Tlfpeykya° Tlfpeykya° Tlfpeykya° Tlfp

d≈qgk° Bdpd lzk•_ (A.k.) d≈qgk° Bdpd lzk•_ (A.k.)Bdpd dl]$u (A.k.)_u rM]$d[dp¨ 1

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dS>gukAgu A.k._u rhgpe[ A_° hap[° fkyg (k.) bp]$ A°lg°b•[ D`f `X$°gp dkpA°b.

Bdpd_u dAf°a[ A_° S>.hlb_p dkpA°b.

Agu A.k._u dp°lÂb[ A_° Agu A.k._p dkpA°b.

dAkydp A° Ly$d_u qTepf[_u aTug[ A_° dkpA°b.

]y$Ap_u aTug[ A_° S>.DÁd° lbubp \u dygpL$p[.

`p°[p_° A_° `p°[p_u a°dugu_° S>lfi_d_u ApN\u bQphp°.

_yıf[° Bdpd° Tdp_p A.k. A_° S>.L$pkud A.k._p¨ dkpA°b.

My–bA° N]$uf A_° dp•gp AÂbpk A.k. _p dkpA°b.

Agu A.k. \u dp°lÂb[ A_° S>.Agu AL$bf A.k. _p dkpA°b.

B.lyk•_ A.k._u qTepf[_u aTug[ ib° Apiyf_p¨ dkpA°b.

ipd° Nfubp_p¨ dkpA°b.

AÂ]y$Îgplbu_ lk__p¨ dkpA°b.

S>.kL$u_p (k.A.) _p dkpA°b.

S>.lbub BÂ_° dTpluf_p dkpA°b.

ip°l]$pA° L$fbgp_p dkpA°b.

_p•lp -1 kb DS>X$ ≈A°¨Np TlfpL$p dL$p¨...........Aıf L$° bp]$,

_p•lp -2 Ae eykya° Tlfp dyS>° q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°.....

k¨L$g_ A_° ‚L$piL$ :- eykya° Tlfp (A.k.) `ÂguL$°i_

Âgp°L$ _¨.8,Ag dyfi[Tf A°`pVÆ$d°fiV$, kyMX$uep i°fu,dlzhp.www.yusufezehra.com _u dygpL$p[ Îep°.

X$uTpB_, V$pB`vN :-

d°V≤$p° L$p°Á‡eyV$f L$gpkuk & r‚fiV$vN Np^L$X$p b≈f, ]y$L$p_ _¨:-13,14,dlzhp-364290 dp°:-9824504100

lq]$ep° Í$p.10/-

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dS>guk_u iÍ$Ap[dp¨ `Y$hp_p° My–bp°gp lÏg hgp Ly$Ïh[ Bâp rbâplug AguËeug ATud.

ADTp° rbâpl° d°_Ìie[p_uf f∆d. buıduâpluf fldp_uf flud. AglÁ]$p° rgâpl° fÂbug Apgdu_ hg

ApL°$b[p° g° Algu—L$hp hg eL$u_. Aıkgp[p° hıkâpdp° Agp Aifaug A¨buepA° hg dyfkgu_. lbub° A°gplug Apgdu_, Abug

L$pkud° dp°lÁd]$.(kghp[) kâgplp° Agp A°lg°bË[°lu–[Ëe°bu_ –[pl°fu_g dAkydu_ h

gA_[yâpl° Agp ApA]$pA°lud AS>dB_.

dS>guk - 1 Agu A.k._u rhgpe[ A_° hap[° fkyg (k.) bp]$ A°lg°b•[ D`f `X$°gp dkpA°b.

buıduâp luf fldp _uf flud. L$pg fkygyÎgpl (k.A.h.) ""dkgp° AlgbË[u L$dkg° kau_[° _ylu_, d_ fL°$blp _≈ h d_p [MÎga Afilp NfL$'' (A°lL$pLy$g lL$L$ cpN-9, p.272)

[dpd [pfua A_° lÁ]$p° k_pA° dlp_ fhfq]$Npf AÎgpl [bpfL$ h [Apgp dpV$° L$° S>°Z° Ap`Z_° [p•raL$ Apù L$° Ap`Z° dS>guk° B.lyk•_ A.k. bf`p L$fuA°.

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h._p¨ dilyf klpbu S>_pb AbyTf° Naapfu fl°d[yÎgpl° Agel° fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. \u afdph° R>°.

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h.A° afdpÏey dkgp° A°lg°bË[u L$ dkg° kau_[° _ylu_. dpfu A°lg°b•[_u rdkpg _yl A.k._u L$Ì[u (lp°X$u) S>°hu R>°. d_ fL°$blp _≈... S>° [°dp¨ khpf \i°, [° _≈[ `pdi°. h d_ [MÎga Afilp NfL$, S>°Z° [°_p\u dp°Yy$¨ a°fÏey, [° Xy$bu S>i°.

Ap l]$uk `f\u Ap`Z_° ≈Zhp dm° R>° L$° A°lgb•[ A.dy.k. _≈[_u qL$Ì[u R>°.

Bq[lpkdp¨ ≈°BA° [p° _yl A.k._p¨ Tdp_pdp¨ _yl A.k.A° A°L$

qL$Ì[u A°L$ lp°X$u [•epf L$fu. S>°dp¨ _yl A.k._p¨ dp_hphpmp_° b°kpX$hpdp¨ ApÏep. ce¨L$f [p°ap_ ApÏey. ]y$r_epdp¨ ]$f°L$ S>¡epA° pZu pZu \B Ney. S>° gp°L$p° _yl A.k. f Bdp_ fpM[p l[p. _yl A.k._p¨ B[pA[ Ny≈f l[p. hL$[_p¨ lyS>S>[° My]$p `f Bdp_ fpM[p l[p, [°Ap° Ap L$Ì[udp¨ khpf \ep A_° Xy$bu S>hp\u bQu Nep. S>epf° _yl A.k. _p° q]$L$fp° L$° S>° [°d_p r`[p A_° AÎgpl_p¨ _bu _yl A.k. `f Bdp_ _lp°[p° fpM[p°, [° L$Ì[udp¨ khpf _ \ep°. DQp `lpX$ D`f QX$u Nep°. `f¨[y `pZu_p¨ DR>m[p dp°≈A° [°_° Xy$bpX$u ]$u^p°. [°S> fu[° hap[° fkyg k. R>u S>° gp°L$p°A° A°lg°b•[ A.dy.k._u L$Ì[u\u `p°[p_p° ]$pd_ R>p°X$u ]$u^p°, [°Ap° S>°lpg[ A_° Nydfplu_p¨ ]$qfepdp¨ Xy$bu Nep R>° A_° X$ybu flep R>°.

S>°dL$° A°L$ l]$ukdp¨ fkyg° My]$p k.A.h.""AguËep° h iue[p°ly lp°dyg apA°Ty_. Agu A.k. A_° [°_p iuApAp° L$prdepb R>°.'' (e_pbuDg dh]]$[$ °.187,237)

fkyg My]$p k.A.h. A° A_°L$ dp•L$p `f `p°[p_p hku, Mguap, hgu [fuL$° dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[ Agu A.k._u Ap°mMpZ L$fphu. N]$uf°Myddp¨ 1,24,000 \u h^y lp∆Ap°_p¨ dS>dp¨dp¨ Agu A.k._° `p°[p_p¨ b¨_° lp\p°\u b¨g¨]$ L$fu_° afdpÏey¨ L$° ""d_ Ly$fi[p° dÏgplp° a lpTp AguËey_ dp•gp'' S>°_p° S>°_p° ly¨ dp•gp Ry>¨. [°_p [°_p Ap Agu A.k. dp•gp R>°.

dp” A°gp_ _lu, `f¨[y A°gp__u kp\° dp•gp Agu A.k._° bg¨]$ L$fu_° gp°L$p°_° b[pÏep L$° dpfp R>u Ap Agu A.k. [dpfp dp•gp R>°. –ep kyû L$° gp°L$p°_° lyL$d Ap‡ep° L$° Agu A.k._u beA[ L$fp°. Ap rkgrkgp° ”Z q]$hk kyû iÍ$ flep°.

N]$uf Myddp¨ Ap A°gp_ R>u fkyg° My]$p k.A° AÎgpl_u bpfNpldp¨ ]y$Ap L$fu. bpf° Bgplp! S>° Agu_° hgu dp_° [°_° [y¨ ]$p°ı[ fpMi°. S>° Agu\u ]y$Ìd_u fpM° [°_° [y¨ ]y$Ìd_ fpMS>°.

hap[° fkyg k. R>u Agu A.k._≈[_u L$Ì[u R>°. S>°Z° [°d_° R>p°X$u ]$u^p [°Ap°A° Nydfplu A_° S>°lpg[_° k¨]$ L$fu guû.

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Agu A.k._u rhgpe[ A_° Bdpd[_u Nhplu kd¨]$f_u dpR>guAp°A° `Z Apù R>°. S>¨Ngu A_° apX$u Mp_pfp ≈_hfp° `Z Bdpd° hL$[_u dpAf°a[ fpM° R>°.

Aphp° Ap`Z° A°L$ b° hpL$°Ap[ ≈°BA°.rS>gpDg Ap°ey_ qL$[pbdp¨ AÎgpdp dS>guku A.f. p_p _¨.33 f

Ap hpL$°Ap° gM° R>°.A°L$ q]$hk lTf[ Aby[pgub A.k. [pBa\u dL$L$p [fa Aphu flep

l[p. AQp_L$ fı[pdp¨ A°L$ rk¨l kpd° Aphu Nep° Ap`_p q]$gdp¨ L$epf°e S>¨Ngu ≈_hf _p° X$f _ l[p°. L$pfZL$° Ap` _byÏh[_p¨ dylpraT A_° Bdpd[ A_° rhgpe[_p¨ _yf_p dprgL$ Agu A.k._p¨ r`[p l[p. Ap` Dcp flu Nep rk¨l Ap`_° ≈°B_° _S>q]$L$ ApÏep° A_° S>.Aby[pgub A.k._u `pk° dpV$udp¨ p°[p_y¨ dp°Yy$¨ khp gp¡ep° A_° y¨R>X$u S>du_ f khp gp¡ep° A_° Ap fu[° p°[p_p _d∞[p A_° Ap∆Tu b[phhp gp¡ep°.

Aby[pgub A.k.A° [° rk¨l_° L$ley ly¨ [_° AÎgpl_u L$kd Ap`y¨ R>°, S>°Z° [_° •]$p L$ep£ [y¨ ip dpV$° dpfu pk° Ap fu[° Ap∆∆ L$f° R>°?

rk¨l° Ly$]$f[° My]$p\u bp°g[p° \ep° A_° L$l°hp gp¡ep°""Ap` i°f° My]$p Agu BÂ_° Agu [pgub A.k._p¨ r`[p R>p° A_° •N¨bf° My]$p lTf[ dp°lÁd]$ (k.A.h.) _y¨ pg_ p°jZ A_° d]$]$ L$f_pfp R>p°. '' (kghp[)

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. afdph° R>°.""L$epd[_p¨ q]$hk° dpfp\u kp•\u h^y _S>q]$L$ A° iøk li°, S>° dpfp D`f kp•\u h^pf° kghp[ dp°L$g[p° lp°e.'' (kghp[)

kuf[° AduÍ$g dp°Ad°_u_ qL$[pbdp¨ k•e]$ A[p AÂbpk qfThu `p_p¨ _¨.554 f Ap hpL$°Ap_° gM° R>°.

A°L$ hM[ dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[ Agu A.k. S>¨N° rkaau_\u `pR>p afu flep l[p. fı[pdp¨ ayfp[ _]$u_p¨ qL$_pf° lp°¨√ep. p°[p_p [ufdp¨\u A°L$ [uf A_° umu gpL$X$u L$pY$u_° ayfp[_p¨ dp°≈ D`f dpfu afdpÏey, Ae Apb° ayfp[ apV$u ≈. rhipm ayfp[ _]$u_y¨ `pZu apV$u Ney A_° [°dp¨\u Sy>]$p Sy>]$p 12

TfZpAp° \B Nep. S>epf° k•r_L$p°A° Ap ≈°ey¨ [p° _hpBdp¨ `X$u Nep. –epf bp]$ Ap` L$¨B `Y$ep [° S> hM[° `pZu_u bû S> dpR>guA° `pZu_u k`pV$u `f Aphu NB A_° Apkdp_ [fa dp°¨ L$fu_° [L$bufp° [lgug AÎgplp° AL$bf, kyÂlp_Îgpl_u Ahp≈° bg¨]$ L$fhp gpNu. [L$buf_u Ahp≈° `yfu L$epÆ `R>u dpR>guAp°A° AduÍ$g dp°Ad°du_ Agu A.k. [fa dp°¨ L$fu_° afdpÏey¨ : MÎL$° My]$p D`f lyS>S>[° My]$p! Ap` f kgpd \pe Ap L$p•d° [dpfu d]$]$ L$fhp_y¨ R>p°X$u ]$u^y S>° fu[° b_u BıfpBg° S>.dykp A.k. `R>u S>.lpÍ$_ A.k._u d]$]$ L$fhp_y¨ R>p°X$u ]$u^y.

Agu A.k. lyS>S>[° My]$p R>°. dp°Adu_p°_p¨ Bdpd R>°. S>°_u Nhplu dpR>guAp°A° Z Apù. (kghp[)

`f¨[y fkyg A.k.h._u hap[ bp]$ gp°L$p°A° dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[_° R>p°X$u_° bu≈Ap°_° Bdpd b_phu ]$u^p. N]$uf Myd_p¨ A°gp__° c|gphu ]$°hpey. A°V$gy¨ S> _lu.. A° Of L$° S> Of f fkyg° My]$p k. kgpd L$f[p. S>° Ofdp¨ dg°Ly$g dp°[ `Z f≈ hNf ]$pMg _ \[p. [° Of_p¨ ]$fhp≈_° ApN gNpX$hpdp¨ Aphu. rbfi[° fkyg kmN[p ]$fhp≈ A_° q]$hpg_u h√Q° ]$bpB Nep. ]$fhp≈_p° MuÎgp° Ap`_u R>p[udp¨ gpNu Nep°. Ap`_p¨ iuL$d° dybpfL$dp¨ S>. dp°lku_ ilu]$ \B Nep. il°Tp]$u, ]y$ø[f° fkyg k. `f TyÎd$_u Bfi[°lp \B NB. Ap`_u yÌ[ f QpbyL$ dpfhpdp¨ ApÏep. Ap`_u L$df_u pk¨muAp° [|V$u NB.

TyÎd_u l]$ \B NB.. dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[_p¨ Nmpdp¨ fıku _pMu_° Tpgudp° DÁd[_p¨ Bdpd_° Y$kX$u_° S>bfS>ı[u Abybæ$_u beA[ dpV$° gB S>[p l[p.

S>. Tlfp k.A. Bdpd° hL$[_u d]$]$ dpV$° blpf _uL$m° R>° A_° L$l°R>° L$° Abyg lk__° R>p°X$u ]$ep° _lu[f ly¨ dpfp hpm_° MyÎgp L$fu ]$Bi. dı∆]$° _bhu_u q]$hpgp° bg¨]$ \hp gpNu.. S>du_ y∞S>hp gpNu.

ATp]$pfp° hap[° fkyg bp]$ il°Tp]$uA° L$p•_°_ ]y$ø[f° fkyg `f A°V$gp TyÎd \ep L$° Ap` dfkuep L$l°[p l[p L$°, bpbp ≈_! Ap`_p bp]$ dpfp `f

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A°V$gu dykub[ `X$u L$° ANf [° fp°i_ q]$hk D`f `X$[° [p° [° L$pmu fp[dp¨ a°fhpe ≈[°.

Bq[lpkdp¨ dm° R>° L$° Ap b_ph R>u S>.Tlfp k. A°V$gp L$d≈°f \B Nep l[p L$° Ap` A°L$ lp\dp¨ gpL$X$u\u klpfp° g°[p A_° bu≈° lp\ Ap` `p°[p_u L$df° dybpfL$ f fpM[p.

S>.Tlfp k.A._u ilp]$[ `R>u S>epf° dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[ Ap`_° Nyıg L$a_ Ap`u flep l[p [p° Ap` A°L$ QuM pX$u_° fX$u X$ep.

S>.kgdp_ A.f.A° S>epf° dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[_° Ap bpb[° `yR>ey dp•gpA° L$ley A°d_p ifuf D`f QpbyL$_p¨ A_° dpf_p¨ r_ip_. lpe! rbfi[° fkyg_u L$df_u pk¨muAp° [|V$u NB l[u.

Ae AÎgpl! [_° i°lTp]$u Tlfp k.A._u dTgydu_p° hpı[p°! S>fi_[yg bL$uA_u S>Î]$u\u [pduf \hp_p¨ Akbpb `•]$p L$fu ]$°. Ae AÎgpl ! eykya° Tlfp B.dl]$u A.k._p¨ Tylyfdp¨ S>Î]$u L$f, A_° Ae AÎgpl! i°lTp]$u ap[°dp k.A. [\p Ap`_p afT¨]$ S>. dp°lku__p¨ L$p[ugp° D`f b°iydpf gA_[ L$f.. A_° S>° S>° gp°L$p°A° S>. Tlfp k.A. D`f TyÎd L$ep£ [°d_p `f A_° [°d_p `•fhL$pfp° `f b°iydpf gA_[ L$f.. A_° [°d_p ATpbdp¨ h^pfp° L$f.

dS>guk - 2 Bdpd_u dAf°a[ A_° S>.hlb_p dkpA°b. buıduâp luf fldp _uf flud. L$pg fkygyÎgpl (k.A.h.) ""d_ dp[ h gdπ eAfua Bdpd° Tdp_°lu dp[ du[[_

≈l°guËel$'' S>° L$p°B [°_p Tdp_p_p¨ Bdpd_° Ap°møep hNf dfu ≈e [p° [°_y¨

dp•[ ≈l°guËe[_y¨ dp•[ R>°.≈l°guËe[_y¨ dp•[ A°V$g° ay‰_y¨ dp•[.. A_° S>° dpZk aya_u lpg[dp¨

d©–ey pd°, [p° [° S>lfi_du R>° A_° [°_p dpV$° S>lfi_d_p° L$pedu ATpb R>°.Ap l]$uk b[ph° R>° L$° Bdpd_u dAf°a[ S>Ífu A_° hp∆b R>°.

Bdpd_u dAf°a[ hNf_y¨ dp•[ A°V$g° L$b∞dp¨ ATpb A_° S>lfi_ddp¨ L$pedu

ATpb.A°L$ hM[ Agu A.k. dprgL$° AÌ[f_u kp\° A°L$ Of pk°\u kpf

\ep. [p° [° Of dp¨ A°L$ _heyhp_ M|bS> ky¨]$f AhpS>dp¨ Ly$ApÆ__u q[gph[ L$fu flep° l[p°. q[gph[_p° AhpS> kp¨cmu_° dprgL$° AÌ[f bp°Îep L$° Ap eyhp_ L$°V$gp ]$]Æ$_pL$ AhpTdp¨ Ly$ApÆ_ `X$u flep° R>°. Agu A.k. L$ley¨ L$° [° eyhp_ S>lfldu R>°. dprgL$° AÌ[f L$p¨B _ bp°Îep. AdyL$ kde `kpf \ep. `R>u ]y$Ìd_p°_u kp\° A°L$ S>¨N \B. S>¨N R>u Agu A.k. A_° dprgL$ AÌ[f ]y$Ìd_p°_p L$–g \e°gp k•r_L$p° `pk°\u `kpf \ep, [°dp¨\u A°L$ gpi b[ph[p Agu A.k.A° L$ley Ae dpguL$° AÌ[f ! Ap [°S> eyhp_ R>°, S>° ]$]Æ$_pL$ AhpS>dp¨ Ly$ApÆ_ X$[p° l[p°. f¨[y Ap S> eyhp_ ApS>° Ap`Zu kpd° S>¨N L$fhp ApÏep°. Tdp_p_p¨ Bdpd_u kpd° S>¨N L$fu_° S>lfi_d hpkug \ep°. A°V$g°L$° Ap eyhp__° [°_p hL$[_p¨ Bdpd (Agu A.k.)_u dAf°a[ _ l[u. [° Agu A.k._° Bdpd _ lp°[p° dp_[p° A_° Tdp_p_p¨ Bdpd_u rhÍ$¬^ S>¨N L$f[p d©–ey pÁep° A_° hpkug° S>lfi_d \ep°.

Ap qL$ıkp° b[ph° R>° L$° ANf L$p°B Tdp_p_p¨ Bdpd_u dAf°a[ _ fpM° [p° [°_y¨ W$°L$p¨œ S>lfi_d R>°. f¨[y ANf L$p°B dAf°a[ fpM° R>°. [p° [°_p° ]$fS>≈° iy¨ R>° ? A° Z ≈ZuA°.

fkyg°My]$p (k.A.h.) afdph° R>°,""Apg° dp°lÁd]$ (A.dy.k.)_u dAf°a[ S>lfi_d_u ApN\u _≈[ R>°. Apg° dp°lÁd]$_u dp°lÂb[ `yg° kufp[ `f\u `kpf \hp_p° TfuAp° R>°. Apg° dp°lÁd]$ (A.dy.k.)_u rhgpe[ ATpb\u kgpd[ fl°hp_p° hkugp° R>°.'' (N]$uf - f/324, khpA°L°$ dp°lffL$p °.139).

A°L$ hM[ B.Agu fTp (A.k.)A° [°d_p A°L$ klpbu_° afdpÏey¨ L$° Agubu_ lÁTp d©–ey `pÁep° R>°. Agubu_ lÁTp hpL$°au Apgud l[p°. klpbuA° yR>ey¨ [°_p d©–ey R>u [°_y¨ iy¨ \ey¨ ? L$b∞dp¨ [°_p° A¨≈d iy¨ ApÏep° ? B.fTp A.k. L$l° R>° L$° ly¨ [°_u L$b∞dp¨ S>B_° ApÏep° Ry>¨. [° dpZk S>lfi_d hpkug \ep° R>°. Bdpd A.k. [°_p L$b∞_p° ‚k¨N hZÆh° R>°.

(9) (10)

[°_° L$b∞dp¨ khpg `yR>hp afuÌ[pAp° ApÏep afuÌ[pA° [°_° `l°gp° khpg |R>ep°, d_ fÂbp°L$? [pfp° fb L$p°Z R>°? [°Z° S>hpb Ap‡ep°, AÎgpl dpfp° fb R>°. afuÌ[pAp°A° bu≈° khpg `|R>ep°, [pfp _bu L$p°Z R>° ? [°Z° S>hpb Ap‡ep° lTf[ dp°lÁd]$ dyı[ap (k.A.h.) dpfp _bu R>°. afuÌ[pA° [°_° ”u≈° khpg `|R>ep°, [°_p `R>u [pfp Bdpd L$p°Z R>°? [°Z° S>hpb Ap‡ep°, Agu A.k. [°_p `R>u [pfp Bdpd L$p°Z R>° ? [°Z° S>hpb Ap‡ep° B.lk_ A.k. [°_p `R>u [pfp Bdpd L$p°Z ? [°Z° S>hpb Ap‡ep°, B.lyk•_ A.k., [°_p R>u [pfp Bdpd L$p°Z ? [°Z° S>hpb Ap‡ep° B.kS>≈]$ A.k., [°_p `R>u Bdpd L$p°Z ? B.bpL$uf A.k., [°_p `R>u Bdpd L$p°Z ? Bdpd kp]$uL$ A.k. [°_p R>u L$p°Z? B.dykp L$pTud A.k. [°_p R>u [pfp Bdpd L$p°Z ? [° Apgud Q|`. [°_u Tbp_ b¨^ \B NB. [°_u ∆c gp°Qp hmhp dp¨X$u. ≈° L$° [°_u kpd° [°_p Tdp_p_p¨ Bdpd Bdpd° f°Tp A.k. dp•Sy>]$ l[p. [° Bdpd A.k._° ≈°B flep° l[p°, R>[p S>hpb _ Apù iL$ep° ip dpV$° ? L$pfZ L$° [° [°_p Tdp_p_p¨ Bdpd_° Bdpd _ lp°[p° dp_[p°. Tdp_p_p¨ Bdpd_u dAf°a[ _ l[u. S>°\u [° S>hpb _ Apù iL$ep° [p° afuÌ[pAp°A° [°_° L$X$L$pB\u `|R>ey, iy [_° dykp L$pTud A.A. [°_p `R>u Bdpd L$p°Z R>° [°_p¨ bpfpdp¨ _ lp°[y¨ L$ley ? [° Apgud Q|`. afuÌ[pAp° NTb_pL$ \ep A_° [°_u L$b∞ ApN\u cfpB NB. B.f°Tp A.k. afdph° R>° L$° Ap dpZk_u L$b∞dp¨ L$pedu ATpb fl°i° A_° S>lfi_ddp¨ Z [°_p dpV$° L$pedu ATpb R>°.

Ap hpL$°Ap D`f\u øepg Aph° R>° L$° Ap Apgud AÎgpl_° dp_[p° l[p°. [°_p fkyg_° Z dp_[p° l[p° kp[ Bdpd kyû Bdpd[dp¨ Z dp_[p° l[p°, `f¨[y [° ApW$dp A_° [°_p Tdp_p_p¨ Bdpd_° Bdpd dp_[p° _ l[p°, `qfZpd° [° S>lfi_d hpkug \ep°.

[°S> fu[° Ap`Zp dpV$° S>Í$fu R>° L$° bpf° bpf Bdpd_u dAf°a[ d°mhuA° A_° bpfdp¨ A_° ApMfu Bdpd A.k. L$° S>° Tdp_p_p¨ Bdpd R>° [°_u `Z dAf°a[ d°mhuA°. ANf L$p°B AÎgpl_° dp_°, [°_p fkyg k. _° dp_° A_° fkyg (k.A.h.) `R>u ANuepf bflL$ Bdpd_° dp_° A_° bpfdp¨ A_° [°_p Tdp_p_p Bdpd B.dl]$u A.k._° _ dp_° [p° [°_y¨ W$°L$pœ¨ S>lfi_d R>°.

Bdpd_u dAf°a[ ^fph_pf L$°hp lp°e R>°. Aphp° L$fbgpdp A°L$ [fıep B.lyk•_ A.k._p¨ hap]$pf kp\uAp° L$° S>°Ap° B.lyk•_ A.k._u lL$uL$u dAf°a[ fpM[p¨ l[p.

B.lyk•_ A.k. ib° Apiyf rQfpN byTphu ]$° R>° A_° L$l° R>° L$° dpfp Aklpbp° ANf [d° S>hp Qplp° [p° S>B iL$p° R>p°. Îep° ly¨ Ap rQfpN_° byTphu ]$D, ]y$Ìd_p° dpfp My__p¨ ‡epkp R>° A_° ly [dpfp dpV$° S>fi_[_p° ≈du_ \pD Ry>¨. ANf [d° idÆ dlkyk L$f[p lp° [p° Adpfp k¨b¨û dp¨\u A°L$ A°L$_u Ap¨Nmu L$X$u_° _uL$mu ≈h. B.lyk•_ A.k. S>epf° rQfpN fp°i_ L$f° R>°. [p° [dpd Aklpbp° Afikpf dp•Sy>]$ R>°. [dpd Aklpbp° L$l° R>° L$° ep dp•gp Ad° [d_° dyL$u_° _ S>B iL$uA°, dp•gp Ap`_p L$]$dp°dp¨ fl°hy A° S> Adpfu Sfi_[ R>°. Ap Aklpbp° L$° S>°Ap° Bdpd_u dAf°a[dp¨, Bdp_dp¨ D¨Qp ]$fS>S>° l[p. Bdpd lyk•_ A.k.A° L$ley Ae dpfp kp\uAp° [d° QpÎep ≈h. ly¨ [dpfp\u Myi Ry>¨. Aklpbp°A° L$ley¨ dp•gp Ad° dfu iL$uA° R>uA°, `f¨[y Ap`_p° kp\ _lu¨ R>p°X$uA°. Aphp° ApS>° Ap`Z° A°L$ Aklpb° B.lyk•_ A.k._p° qTæ$ L$fuA° A_° dS>guk [dpd....

B.lyk•_ A.k._p L$pagp_u kp\° A°L$ _p_p° L$pagp° Z Qpg[p° l[p°. S>°dp¨ A°L$ _heyhp_ A_° [°_u ]y$Îl_ A_° A°L$ byY$udpÆ¨ l[u. S>° _heyhp__u dp¨ `yR>° R>° L$° Ap fX$hp_u A_° ≈_hfp°_u AhpS> L$ep¨\u Aph° R>° ? Ap L$p°_p° Lpagp° R>°. S>hp_ Q|` flep°. [°_u dpµ¨ A° |R>ey [y d_° b[ph L$° Ap L$pagp° L$p°_p° S>B flep° R>° ? [° _h eyhp_° L$ley dp]$f° rNfpdu Ap L$pagp° B.lyk•_ A.k. _p° R>°, S>°Ap° ]$u__° bQphhp dpV$° d]$u_p R>p°X$u_° S>B flep R>°. _h eyhp__u dpµ¨ dp°rlÂb° A°lgb•[ l[u. L$l°hp gpNu i°lTp]$u ap[°dp (k.A.) _p¨ q]$L$fp_p° L$pagp° R>° ? Qpgp° Ap`Z° [°dp¨ ipdug \B S>BA°. [° S>hp_ L$° S>°_y _pd hlb l[y¨. [° L$pagpdp¨ A°L$ [°_u dpµ¨ l[u A_° [°_u A°L$ –_u l[u. Apiyf_p° q]$hk Aphu lp°¨√ep°.

byY$u dpµ¨ [°_p _heyhp_ q]$L$fp_° L$l° R>° L$° b°V$p iy¨ [y¨ dpfp h[u Ly$fbp_ _lu¨ \p ? q]$L$fp ly¨ Ap•f[ Ry>¨ A_° Ap•f[ D`f S>°lp]$ kpL$u[ R>°. _lu¨[f ly¨

(11) (12)

kp•\u `l°gp dp•gp D`f Ly$fbp_ \B ≈[. b°V$p [y¨ dpfp l]$uep° b_u ≈, [y¨ S>°lp]$ L$f A_° ilu]$ \B ≈. L$epd[_p q]$hk° [pfudpµ¨ _° il°Tp]$u kpd° ifdu¨]$p _ \D X$°. q]$L$fpA° L$ley dpµ¨ [y f≈ Ap`° [p° ly¨ dpfu –_u\u Í$øk[ \B_° Aphy. hlb [°_u `–_u `pk° Nep. hp[Qu[ L$fu_° `–_u_° gB_° B.lyk•_ A.k._u rM]$d[dp¨ ApÏep A_° L$ley dp•gp dpfu `–_u b° QuT_u S>dp_[ dp¨N° R>°.

B.lyk•_ A.k. yR>° R>°, iy¨ S>dp_[ Qpl° R>° ? hlb_u Ap•f[ L$l° R>° L$° dp•gp [d° S>dp_[ Ap`p° L$° Ad° ]y$r_epdp¨ kp\u _lu¨ flu iL$[p [p° S>fi_[dp¨ Ad° kp\u fluA°. B.lyk•_ A.k. L$ley L$° S>fi_[dp¨ [y¨ hlb_u kp\° flui bu≈y? hlb_u `–_u L$l° R>° L$° [°d_u ilp]$[ `R>u d_° il°Tp]$u_p¨ M•dpdp¨ S>¡ep Ap`≈°. B.lyk•_ A.k. L$ley¨ "lp'. hlb dp¨ \u Í$øk[ \B ≈e R>°. dpµ¨ L$l° R>° L$° b°V$p dpµ¨ _p ]|$^_u gpS> fpMS>°. fpl°My]$pdp¨ ≈_ Apù ]$° S>°. hlb ≈e R>°. S>¨N L$f° R>°. Tødu \pe R>°. ]y$Ìd_p° hlb_y¨ kf L$pù_° M•dp [fa a°¨L$° R>°. hlb_u dpµ¨ `p°[p_p _h eyhp_ q]$L$fp_y¨ kf D`pX$° R>°. M|_ kpa L$f° R>°. dpV$u kpa L$f° R>°. L$g°≈\u gNpX$u_° ‡epf L$f° R>°. b°V$p [° dpfu gpT fpMu, L$pg° ly¨ L$epd[dp¨ S>.Tlfp k.A._u kpd° ifdu¨]$p _lu \ph. A°L$ df[bp Qplhphpmu dpµ¨ A° p°[p_p S>hp_ q]$L$fp_y kf gB_° ]y$Ìd_ [fa a°¨L$u_° L$ley L$° d_° Ap°mMp°, ly¨ dpµ¨ ap[°dp Tl°fp k.A._u L$_uT Ry>. Ad° S>° QuS> My]$p_u fpldp¨ k]$L$p° L$fuA° R>uA° [°_° pRy> _\u g°[p.

Agp gA_[yÎgpl° Agg L$hduTTpg°du_.

dS>guk - 3 Agu A.k._u dp°lÂb[ A_° Agu A.k._p dkpA°b.

buıduâp luf fldp _uf flud. L$pg fkygyÎgpl (k.A.h.) ""d_ AlÂb Ague_π aL$]$$π AlÂb_u h d_ AÂNT Ague_π

aL$]$π AÂNT_u, h d_ ApTp AguËe_ aL$]$π ApTp_u h d_ ApTp_u aL$]$π ApTp AÎgpl$'' (kghp[)

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. afdph° R>°. d_ AlÂb AguËe_ aL$]$π AlÂb_u. S>°Z° Agu A.k._° ]$p°ı[ fpøep Mf°Mf [°Z° d_° ]$p°ı[ fpøep°, h

d_ AÂNT Ague_ aL$]$ AÂNT_u. S>°Z° Agu A.k. \u ]y$Ìd_u L$fu [°Z° Mf°Mf dpfp\u ]y$Ìd_u L$fu. h d_π ApTp AguËe_ aL$]$ ApTp_u... S>Z° Agu A.k._° [L$gua `lp°QpX$u [°Z° Mf°Mf d_° [L$gua `lp°¨QpX$u. h d_ ApTp_u aL$]$ ApTp AÎgpl A_° S>°Z° d_° [L$gua lp°¨QpX$u [°Z° AÎgpl_° [L$gua lp°¨QpX$u (q$fepTy_ _Tfly cpN-2, °.108).

Aphp° Ap`Z° Bq[lpk [fa ]$rÙ$`p[ L$fuA°. hap[° fkyg k.`R>u Al°g°b•[ A.dy.k. kp\° L$°hp° h[pÆh \ep°.

""Agu A.k._p Of _p¨ ]$fhp≈_° ApN gNpX$hpdp¨ Aphu. S>.Tlfp k.A._p¨ riL$ddp¨ S>.dp°lku__° ilu]$ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep. Agu A.k._p Nmpdp¨ fıku _p¨Mu_° S>bfS>ı[u M°Qu_° gB S>hpdp¨ ApÏep.'' DÁd[_p¨ Tpgudp°_p¨ Ap TyÎdp° L$lu flep R>° L$° [°dZ° Agu A.k.\u ]y$Ìd_u fpMu, Agu A.k._° [L$gua `lp°¨QpX$u, S>.Tlfp k.A. _° [L$gua `lp°¨QpX$u_° fkyg k.A.h. _° B≈ lp°¨QpX$u R>°. D5fp°L$[ l]$uk_u fp°i_u dp¨ S>°Z° Agu A.k. \u ]y$Ìd_u L$fu [°Z° fkyg k.\u ]y$Ìd_u L$fu R>°. S>°Z° Agu A.k._° [L$gua Apù R>°. [°Z° fkyg k.A.h._° [L$gua Apù. fkyg k._° [L$gua Apù [°Z° AÎgpl_° [L$gua Apù. Ly$ApÆ_° d∆]$dp¨ AÎgpl [Apgp Bfip]$ afdph° R>° Bfi_gTu_ eyATy_Îgpl h fkygly gA_ lp°dyÎgplp° au]$ ]y$fiep hg ApM°fl (ky.AlTpb ky.33 Ap.57) ""b°iL$ S>° gp°L$p° AÎgpl A_° [°_p fkyg_° B≈ `lp°¨QpX$° R>°. [°_p D`f AÎgpl° ]y$r_ep A_° ApM°f[dp¨ gA_[ L$fu R>° A_° [°d_p dpV$° Tgug L$f_pfp° ATpb [•epf L$ep°Æ R>°. (ky.AlTpb Ap.57)''

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h._° [L$gua lp°QpX$hu A° A°V$gp° dp°V$p° Ny_pl R>° L$° ≈Z° [°Z° AÎgpl _° ATuË[ lp°¨QpX$u.

[akuf° Agu BÂ_° Bb∞pluddp¨ gøey R>°. Apdp¨ [° gp°L$p° ipdug R>° L$° S>°Z° Agu A.k._p° lL$ Nıb L$ep£, S>°Z° ap[°dp Tlfp k.A._p° lL$ Nkb L$ep£ A_° [°d_° [L$gua `lp°¨QpX$u. S>°dL$° fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. afdpÏey¨ S>°Z° ap[°dp (k.A.)_° B≈ lp°¨QpX$u [°Z° d_° BTp lp°¨QpX$u.

_° [L$gua Apù.

(13) (14)

dS>dDg bep_dp¨ AbyMpgu]$ hpk[u A° S>.T•]$\u [°dZ° [°d_p r`[p B.kS>≈]$ A.k. \u [°dZ° B.lyk•_ A.k. \u [°dZ° Agu A.k. \u A_° [°dZ° fkyg° My]$p k.A.h.\u afdpÏey¨ L$° fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. A° `p°[p_p dp\p_p° hpm L$X$u_° d_° afdpÏey, ep Agu A.k. S>°Z° [dpfp A°L$ hpm_° `Z ATuËe[ Apù [p° [°Z° d_° ATuËe[ Apù, S>°Z° d_° ATuËe[ Apù [°Z° AÎgpl_° ATuËe[ Apù A_° S>°Z° AÎgpl_° ATuËe[ Apù [°_p f AÎgpl_u gA_[ R>°. ([akuf° _yÍ$ıkL$g•_ D]y$Æ, cpN-7, °S>.45)

Apd Ap`Z° ayApÆ_ A_° l]$uk_u fp°i_udp¨ ≈°ey¨ L$° S>°Z° A°lg°b•[ _° ATuËe[ Apù, [°_y¨ W$°L$pœ S>lfi_d R>°.

Agu A.k. \u rMgpa[_° Nıb L$fhy. S>.Tlfp k.A.\u a]$L$_y¨ R>u_hu g°hy, kpl°b° Ape[ [[luf_p¨ ]$fhp≈_° kmNphhp°, iy¨ d]$u_p_p¨ dgD_ A_° Tpgudp°_p¨ Ap L$pdp°A° fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. NdNu_ A_° f∆¨]$p _\u L$epÆ?

AduÍ$g dp°Adu_ Agu BÂ_° Abu [pgub A.k._u rhgpe[_u A_°L$ kprb[u R>[p Agu A.k.\u rMgpa[_y¨ R>u_hu g°hyy A° iy¨ dp°V$p° TyÎd _\u ? Agu A.k. _u rhgpe[_u kprbq[ dpV$° Ap`Z° hpL$°Ap[ ≈°BA°.

lTf[ AÁdpf° epkuf (f.A.) \u qfhpe[ R>° L$° A°L$ hM[ ly¨ AduÍ$g dp°Ad°_u_ Agu A.k._u kp\° lpS>f l[p°. Ap` d_° Ly$ap_u blpf b° afkM ]y$f gB Nep. Ad° –ep¨ bS>gp _pd_p ı\m° `lp°¨√ep, [p° L$°V$gp ely]$uAp° Ap`_u pk° ApÏep A_° L$l°hp gp¡ep, ep Agu A.k. ANf Ap` Bdpd R>p°, [p° Adpfp ‚Òp°_p¨ S>hpb Ap`p°.

dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[° afdpÏey, b°iL$ ly¨ AÎgpl_u [fa\u Bdpd Ry>¨. [d° S>° ‚Òp° lp°e [° yR>p°, AÎgpl_p¨ lyL$d\u ly¨ S>Í$f S>hpb Apùi.

ely]$uAp°A° `yR>ey L$° Adpfp ANpD_p bp` ]$p]$p `f ]$p]$p `pk° A°L$ `’\f l[p° S>°_p D`f R> A¨buep_p _pd L$p°[f°gp l[p. [° ’\f Mp°hpB Nep° R>°, Ap` [° ’\f_° ip°û Apìp°, [p° dl°fbp_u \i°. Ap` [° gp°L$p°_° gB_°

A°L$ kyL$u S>¡ep f ApÏep. S>ep¨ fZdp¨ f°[u_p Y$Ngp l[p. Ap`° lhp_° lyL$d ApÏep° L$° Ap f°[u_° DX$phu_° gB ≈, S>°\u S>du_ ]$°Mpe. lhpA° dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[_p¨ lyL$d dyS>b Adg L$ep£. S>du_ ]$°Mphp gpNu. [°_p f A°L$ dp°V$p° `’\f ]$°Mpep°. dp•gpA° afdpÏey Ap S> [° ’\f R>°°. [° gp°L$p°A° ≈°ey [p° L$l°hp gp¡ep Ap [° `’\f _\u, Apdp¨ _buAp°_p _pd ]$°Mp[p _\u. Agu A.k.A° L$ley Ap S> [° `’\f R>°. `’\f_° DÎV$phu ]$ep° A_° [°_p D`f _buAp°_p _pd dp•Sy>]$ R>°. lpS>f [dpd gp°L$p°A° ’\f_° DÎV$phhp_u L$p°iuj L$fu, c°Np dmu_° `Z `’\f_° DÎV$phu _ iL$ep. `R>u dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[ `’\f_° DÎV$phu ]$u^p°. S>°dp¨ R> A¨buepAp°_p _pd l[p.1. lTf[ Ap]$d A.k. 2.lTf[ _yl A.k. 3. lTf[ Bb∞plud A.k. 4.lTf[ dykp A.k. 5. lTf[ Bkp A.k. 6.lTf[ dp°lÁd]$ dyı[ap (k.A.h.) (kghp[).

–epf bp]$ [dpd ely]$uAp°A° A°L$ AhpS>dp¨ Nhplu Apù L$° AÎgpl [Apgp rkhpe L$p°B dAby]$ _\u. lTf[ dp°lÁd]$ (k.A.h.) AÎgpl_p fkyg (k.) R>° A_° Ap` AduÍ$g dp°Ad°_u_ k•Ëe]y$g hkuËeu_ MguaA° bflL$ A_° S>du_ D`f AÎgpl_u lyS>S>[ R>p°. (Agu A.k._p dp°A∆Tp, `°.13 \u 15).

dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[ L$° S>°d_p aTpA°g A°V$gp R>° L$° ANf S>du_ L$pNm b_u ≈e, ]$qfep iplu b_u ≈e A_° [dpd ∆fi_p[ A_° Bfikp_ c°Np dmu_° gMhp b°k° [p° Z dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[_p¨ aTpA°g_° gMu _\u iL$[p.

Aphp ANrZ[ A_° A_¨[ aTug[p°_p dprgL$, fl°dq]$g A_° L$fud Bdpd A.k._u kp\° ]y$Ìd_p°A° L$°hp° Ïehlpf L$ep£.

il°Tp]$u DÁd° Ly$gkyd\u dfiLy$g R>° L$° bpbp AguA° dy[yÆTpA° 18 du fdTp__p Ba[pfu Adpfp Of° L$fu .d°¨ S>h_u fp°V$u, \p°Xy$¨ _dL$ A_° ]y$^ fpøey¨. dpfp q`[pA° afdpÏey¨, iy¨ [d° L$epf°e [dpfp bp`_° A°L$ kde° b° _°Ad[p° Mp[p ≈°ep R>°. A°L$ hı[y lV$phu Îep°. Ap`° _dL$ A_° fp°V$u\u Ba[pf L$fu. `R>u Bbp]$[dp¨ dÌNyg \ep.

(15) (16)

AX$û fp”° Ap` dı∆]$ [fa Nep. Bbp]$[ bp]$ kyÂl$° kpq]$L$ hM[° ATp_ L$lu. ≈°ey¨ L$°, aiÆ° dı∆]$ `f BÂ_° dyÎ∆d (g.A.) D¨^p° `X$°gp° R>°. Ap`° [°_° DW$pX$ep°. S>epf° Ap` _dpT° kyÂldp¨ dÌNyg \ep, dgD_ BÂ_° dyÎ∆d° [ghpf_p° A°hp° hpf L$ep£ L$° Ap` kS>]$pdp¨\u dp\y¨ D`pX$u iL$ep _rl¨. ∆b∞Bg° AhpS> Apù. My]$p_u L$kd ql]$pe[_p AfL$p_ `X$u Nep. Agu A.k._° L$–g L$fu ]$°hpdp¨ ApÏep.

Tødu kfdp¨\u My_ MybS> hlu Ney¨ . Ap`_° Of° gB Nep. dp•gp L$l° R>°. b°V$p lk_ dpfp L$pq[g_° A°L$ Tfb[ gNph≈°, [°_p Ahehp° L$pìp° _lu¨. Ae Adpfp fl°dq]$g dp•gp L$pq[g_p° A°V$gp° b^p° øepg, `Z L$fbgpdp¨ Ap`_p cyøep [fıep lyk•__p ifuf dybpfL$_° ]y$Ìd_p°A° pdpg L$fu ]$u^y¨. lpe! gpiA° lyk•_ A.k. D`f Op°X$p ]$p°X$phhpdp¨ ApÏep.

S>epf° Ap`_p dpV$° ]y$^ gphhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ [p° BÂ_° dyÎ∆d_° A° hM[° [fk gpNu, [° L$l°hp gp¡ep° Ae Agu ly¨ ‡epkp° Ry>¨. Ap`° afdpÏey¨ b°V$p lk_ Ap ]|$^ [°_° ùhX$php°. gp°L$p°_p A°A[°fpS>_p° S>hpb Ap`[p afdpÏey¨, [fıep_° uhX$phy¨ ]$f°L$ dTlbdp¨ R>°. cg° R>u L$pauf L$°d _ lp°e.

lpe Aakp°k L$fbgpdp¨ Ap`_u Ap•gp]$_u [fk f L$p°B fl°d Mphp hpmy¨ _ l[y¨, Bdpd lyk•_ dTgyd ApMfu pk kyû afdph[p f¸p, Ae gp°L$p° ly¨ _bu_p° _hpkp°, Agu-ap[°dp_p° afT¨]$ Ry>¨. d_° \p°Xy$¨L$ `pZu ùhX$phu ]$ep°, Z L$p°BA° A°L$ y¨V$ pZu _ Ap‡ey¨.

ATp]$pfp° ApMfuL$pf 21 du fdTp__p dp•gp hkue[ L$f° R>° A_° A°lgp°Aepg f ApMfu _S>f L$f° R>°. dp•gp_u ilp]$[ \[p lk_•_ Adpdp kfp° f\u D[pf° R>°. dp\y¨ A_° R>p[u uV$° R>°.

bp`_u dËe[_° _S>a° AÌfa [fa gB ≈e R>°. S>epf° dp•gp_p b]$__° MpL$dp¨ ky`y¨]Æ$ L$fu Of° Aph° R>°. MŸ$°fdp¨ Sy>A° R>° L$° A°L$ A¨^ iøk fp°[p° lp°e R>°. [°_u pk° S>B dp•gp lk_ fp°hp_p° kbb yR>° R>°. [° L$l° R>° L$° dpfp° A°L$ ld]Æ$]$ l[p°, ]$ffp°S> dpfu `pk° Aph[p° A_° `p°[p_p lp\p°\u d_° Mpœ MhX$ph[p°, `pZu ùhX$ph[p° ApS>° ”Z q]$hk \ep, [° _\u ApÏep. Ap

kp¨cmu_° lk_•_ fp°hp gpN° R>°. L$l° R>°, [° lh° _lu Aph°, [°Ap° dpfp r`[p l[p, [°Ap° ilu]$ \B Nep. Ap kp¨cmu [° iøk Z dp•[_u [dfi_p L$f° R>°.

dS>guk -4 dAkydp A° Ly$d_u qTepf[_u aTug[ A_° dkpA°b.

buıduâp luf fldp _uf flud. L$pgg Bdpdp° Af f°Tp (A.k.)""d_ Tpfg dpAkydp b° Ly$d L$d_ Tpf_u$'' (kghp[)Bdpd Agu f°Tp A.k.A° afdpÏey¨ : S>° iøk dpAkydp (k.A.)_u

Ly$d dp¨ qTepf[ L$f° [p° A°hy R>° L$° ≈Z° [°Z° dpfu qTepf[ L$fu.Ap l]$uk° dybpf°L$p A° bpb[ [fa Bipfp° L$f° R>° L$° S>. dpkydpA° Ly$d

(k.) _u qTepf[ L$fhp_p° khpb B.Agu f°Tp_u qTepf[ L$fhp S>°V$gp° R>°.B.Agu f°Tp A.k._u qTepf[_p khpb A_° aTug[dp¨ Ak¨øe

qfhpe[p° R>°. S>°dL$° B.dykp L$pqTd A.k. : S>° dpfp afT¨]$ Agu f°Tp A.k._u qTepf[ L$f° [p° [°_p° 70 lS>_p° khpb dmi°.

fphu M|bS> ApÔQeÆ \ey, L$ley 70 lS>! Bdpd A.k.A° L$ley : 70,000 lS> fphu_p° ApÚeÆ_p° `pf _ flep°. Bdpd A.k.A° afdpÏey¨ L$epd[_p q]$hk° ApNgp Tdp_p_u 4 byTyNÆ lı[u lTf[ _yl,lTf[ Bb∞plud, lTf[ dykp, lTf[ Bkp A_° Ap Tdp_p_u 4 byTyNÆ lı[uAp° lTf[ dp°lÁd]$° dyı[yap (k.A.h.) lTf[ Agu A.k., lTf[ lk_ A.k., lTf[ lyk•_ A.k. li° A_° S>°Ap°A° ABÁdp A.dy.k._u L$b∞p°_u qTepf[ L$fu li°, [°Ap° `Z AiÆ `f Ap byTyNÆ lı[uAp°_u kp\° li°. MÍ$ `yR>p° [p° S>°Ap°A° dpfp afT¨]$ l.Agu fTp A.k._u L$b∞_u qTepf[ L$fu li°, [°Ap° bu≈ L$f[p D√Qp ]$fS>S>° li° A_° [°Ap°_° khpb Z h^y dmi°.

Bdpd [L$u A.k.:- d_ Tpf AÁd[u b° Ly$d aglyg S>fi_[ S>° Ly$d dp¨ dpfu aB_u qTepf[ L$f° [°_p dpV$° S>fi_[ R>°.Bdpd Agu f°Tp A.k. :- d_ Tpf lp Apf°a_ b° lL$L$u_ aglyg S>fi_[

S>° dpkydpA° Ly$d_u qTepf[ [°d_p lL$_u dAf°a[ fpMu_° L$f° [°_p

(17) (18)

dpV$° S>fi_[ R>°. ATuTp_° rNfpdu D`fp°L$[ l]$ukdp¨ dAf°a[_° S>Í$fu i[Æ NZhpdp¨ Aphu R>°.

Ap`_y¨ _pd ap[°dp Ly$bfp, gL$b dpkydp. Ap`_p hprg]$ B.dykpL$pqTd A.k. _° 4 ]$uL$fuAp° l[u, S>°d_p _pd ap[°dp Ly$bfp, ap[°dp hyı[p, ap[°dp DMfp, ap[°dp kyNfp.

Ap` (k.)_u rhgp]$[ [pfuM 1 qTÎL$p]$ rl.173 d]$u_A° dy_hfpAp`_u hap[ 28 hjÆ_u he° 10 f.ApMf rl.201 ilf° Ly$ddp¨ \B.Ap` hgueyÎgpl_p ]y$ø[f - bl°_ A_° ayau R>°.S>°dL$° Ap`_p qTepf[ _pdpdp¨ Ap`Z° Ap fu[° kgpd L$fuA° R>uA°.Aıkgpdp° AgËL$° ep bufi[° hguËeguÎgpl. Aıkgpdp° AgËL$° ep

Dø[ hguËeÎgpl. Aıkgpdp° AgËL$° ep AÁd[ hguËeÎgpl.Apd S>° il°fdp¨ d]$ay_ R>°,[° il°f_u `Z qfhpe[p°dp¨ aTug[p°

bep_ \B R>°.S>°dL$° A°L$ rfhpe[ dyS>b Ap`Zp _bu (k.) d°AfpS>_u fp[° Ap

il°f f\u kpf \ep [p° ≈°ey L$° BÂguk b°W$p° R>°. Ap` (k.A.h.) L$ley, Ly$d ep dgD_ - Ae dgD_ Dcp° \p[°\u Ap il°f_y¨ _pd Ly$d X$ey.AÎgpl_y¨ lfd dL$L$p R>°, _bu (k.) _y¨ lfd d]$u_p, AduÍ$g

dp°Ad°_u__y¨ lfd Ly$ap, Adp° A°lg°b•[ (A.) _y¨ lfd il°f Ly$d R>°. Ap`_p° A°L$ gL$b L$fudA° A°lg°b•[ Z R>°.

ApL$p dyø[pf ip°Abp_u L$ai]$pf bep_ L$f° R>°.lTf[ Ape[yÎgpl DS>dp dfAiu _S>au afdpÏey :- [°Ap°_p r`[p dL$L$A° dyL$fÆdp qTepf[ dpV$° Nep - –ep¨ S>B_° fp°hp

gp¡ep A_° lTf[ fkyg°My]$p (k.A.h.)\u Qpley L$° lTf[ ap[°dp Tlfp (A.k.)_u L$b∞_yyy¨ r_ip_ b[php° L$° S>°\u [°d_u qTepf[ L$Í$. øhpbdp¨$ ≈°ey L$° lTf[ (k.) A° afdpÏey¨ Ae dpfp afT¨]$ ! [dpfu dp]$f° rNfpdu ap[°dp

(k.)_u L$b∞ Ry>`u fl°i°. [d° Ly$d ≈h lTf[ ap[°dp dpAkydp (k.)_u qTepf[ L$fp° L$° [°d_u qTepf[ A° ap[°dp (k.)_u qTepf[ L$fhp bfpbf R>°. (B_pep[° dpAkydp °.59).

ApL$p _prkf AıNf ≈]$° lfd° dy[lπlf_p Mpq]$d bep_ L$f° R>° L$° A°L$ q]$hk lfd° dy[llf_u L$ai]$pfu (byV$ Q‡`g kpQhhp_y¨ L$pd) L$fu_° Of° Nep° [p° gp°L$p°A° L$ley L$° [dpfp° q]$L$fp° ”Z dpm_p dL$p__u ANpku `f\u `X$u Nep° R>°. ly¨ [f[ lp°ı`uV$g Nep° X$p°LV$f_° L$ley L$° dpfp afT¨]$_° bQphu Îep°.

X$p°L$V$f° L$ley Ad° ^Zu L$p°rii L$fu `Z [° d©–ey `pÁep° R>°. Ap kp¨cmu_° A°S> lpg[dp¨ lfd [fa Í$M L$fu_° dpkydp `pk° dpfp afT¨]$_u ∆¨]$Nu dp¨Nu. A°hpdp¨ bpmL$° Ap¨M Mp°gu A_° b¨^ L$fu A_° Ap fu[° [°_° af$u ∆¨]$Nu dmu

ApS>° 14 hfk A° b_ph_° \B Nep. dpfp° afT¨]$ [¨]y$fı[ R>°. (B_pep[° dpkydp °.33-34).

dpAkyd° Ly$d _° d]$u_p L$p° R>p°X$p Ap•f Ap[u l• Myfpkp_ L$° gue° Bfp_L$° [fa Ap[u l• Ap•f AL$°gu _lu¨\u kp]$p[ L$° kp\ Ap[u l•. bpT qfhpe[p° d°¨ elu L$lp ≈[p L$° DkL$p° Tl°f ]$uep ≈[p l• Ap•f kph° d°¨ dfuT lp°[u l•, kph° d° lu lpg[ B[_u byfu lp°[u l• dpAkyd° Ly$d L$u hp° My]$ L$l°[u l• d°¨ Ab kaf L$p° [e _lu¨ L$f `pD¨Nu. [dflp [p° elu l• L$u cpB k° dygpL$p[ LÍ$Nu L$° [pfuM d°¨ [u_ cpB - bl°_° A•k° l•, hp° A°L$ ]|$kf° L$° bN°f _lu¨ fl `p[° l•. `l°gu S>.Te_b Ap•f B.lyk•_ A.k. bubu Te_b B.lyk•_ L$u bN•f _lu f°l `p[u \u. ]|$kf° cpB-bl_ Agu AL$bf (A.k.) Ap•f ap[°dp kyNfp. S>.kyNfp_° cu elu L$lp \p, Ae Agu AL$bf S>b L$fbgp lp°¨Qp° [p° lpgp[ A√R>° lp° [p° dyS>L$p° bygp g°_p, d• [yÁlpf° bN•f _lu¨ f°l kL$[u. elu [p° L$lp \p ap[°dp kyNfp_° Agu AL$bf k°.g°L$u_ Aakp°k S>b ap[°dp kyNfp L$p L$pku]$ `lp°¨Q[p l• Apiyf L$p ]$u_ \p Ap•f S>b L$pku]$ `lp°¨Q[p l• Ap•f _pdp ]$°[p l• B.lyk•_ L$p° Ap•f Dk hL$[ B.lyk•_ S>.Agu AıNf L$p° ]$a_p[° l• [p° L$pku]$

(19) (20)

kgpd L$l°[p l•. B.lyk•_ L$p° [ASy>b lp°[p l• L$° Bk Nfubu L$u Apgd d°¨ dyS>° L$p•_ kgpd L$l°[p l•. Ap` uR>° dyX$L$° ]$°M[° l•. L$pku]$ L$l°[p l• d°¨ L$pku]$ ly¨ d° Ap`L$u b°V$u L$p M[ g° L$° Apep ly¨. M[ d°¨ guMp \p Ae bpbp ! Ab [p° d°fp R>p°V$p cpB ^y¨V$_° Qg[p lp°¨Np. Bdpd_° L$lp Ae L$pku]$ kyNfp k° L$l°_p L$° ∆k Agu AkNf L$u bp[ L$f[u l•, DkL$p° Acu d•_° ]$a_pep. Ap•f M[d°¨ guMp \p Ae bpbp Agu AL$bf k° yR>p° L$° L$ep¨ ly¨hp D_lp°_° dyS>° hp]$p L$uep \p L$° ANf lpgp[ A√R>° lp°¨N° [p° hp° dyS>° bygpA°N° Ap•f Bdpd_° L$pku]$ k° L$lp L$° ApAp° L$pku]$ d°¨ [yÁl° ]$uMp[p ly¨ Agu AL$bf L$p gpip. Agu AL$bf [p° l¨d°ipL$u _u¨]$ L$° gue° kp° Nep l•.

B.f°Tp (A.k.) Ap•f dpAkyd° Ly$d. dpkyd° Ly$dcu cpB L$° bN°f _lu¨ f°l `pB. Bk gue° rdgp° L$p kaf [e L$uep, kph° d°¨ dfuT lyB. dpkyd° Ly$d_° L$lp L$u d°¨ Ab ApN° L$p kaf _lu¨ [e L$f pD¨Nu [p° Ly$d k° dykp BÂ_° MTfS> ≈° dp°luÂb° A°lg°b•[ l• Dk_° L$lp. ld Ap`L$p° Lyd L$u [fa g° ≈A°¨N°. [pfuM b[gp[u l• L$u kp°gp ep k[fpl ]$u_ Ly$d d°¨ flu. DkL$° bp]$ fl°g[ L$f[u l• Ap•f dpAkydp L$u ilp]$[ lp°[u l•. ATp]$pfp° dpkyd° Ly$d L$p° Nyıg ]$uep Nep. L$a_ l°_pep Nep. S>_pTp [•epf lyAp Ap•f Ab Na[Ny¨ lp° flu \u L$u L$p•_ dpAkyd° Ly$d L$p° L$b∞d° D[pf°, [p° L$uku_° L$lp A°L$ blp°[ byTyNÆ k•e]$ l• ≈° [L$hp Ap•f fl°TNpf cu l• DkL$p° bygpep ≈ep. Ab Nya[Ny lp° flu \u [p° ]$p° _L$pb `p°i ApA°, ≈° L$uku k° bp[ _lu L$f[° l• Ap•f _dpT° S>_pTp `Y$[° l• Ap•f A°L$ iøk_° S>_pT° L$p° DW$pep Ap•f ]|$kf° iøkue[L$p° `pk L$uep Ap•f ]y$kfu iøk_° DkL$p° L$b∞d°¨ guV$pep, AÎgpdp dS>guku guM[° l• e° eL$u__ Bdpd° f°Tp A.k. Ap•f Bdpd° S>hp]$ A.k. lp°¨N° ≈° bubu dpAkyd° Ly$d L$p° ]$a_p_° Ape° lp°¨N°. d°¨ L$ly¨Np Ae bubu Ap` [p° bly[ Myi_kub l•, S>b ld Ap`L$° lfd d° Ap[° l• [p° ip_]$pf lfd l•,Apguip_ lfd l•, Ae bubu Ap` cu ap[°dp l•, Ap` cu dpAkyd L$u b°V$u. A°L$ Ap•f ap[°dp l• ≈° d]$u_° d°¨ [ifua afdp l•. `f D_L$p lfd _lu¨ l•, D_L$u L$b∞ [p° rhfp_ l•. TpA°f S>b ≈[° l•, [p° qTepf[ cu _lu L$f kL$[°. aL$[ bplf k° kgpd c°S>[° l•, d°¨ L$ly¨Np A° il°Tp]$u Ap` S>b qT¨]$p \u, [b cu dTgydp

\u Ap•f ilp]$[ L$° bp]$ cu dTygdp lyB L$° Ap` L$u L$b∞ L$p° rdkdpf L$f ]$uep Nep.kepAgdyg gTu_p Tgd| A¨Ëep dy_L$g°bue efiL$g°b|_. Agp gA_yâpl° Agg L$p•duT Tpg°du_...

dS>guk - 5 ]y$Ap_u aTug[ A_° S>.DÁd° lbubp \u dygpL$p[.buıduâpl° fldp_uf flud.

h L$pg fåbp¡Ly$d Ayv$D_u AõsÆb gL|$d ""A_¡ sdpfp¡ `fhfqv$Npf afdph¡ R>¡ L$¡ sd¡ dpfp\u vy$Ap dp�Np¡, ly� sdpfu vy$ApAp¡_¡ L$byg L$fui.''

ANf Ap`Z¡ L$p¡B`Z dykubsdp� lp¡BA¡ L$p¡B`Z rbdpfudp� lp¡BA¡ Ap`Z¡ A¡lg¡b¥s (A.dy.k.) _p� hkugp\u A�pl\u vy$Ap dp�Nhu Å¡BA¡.Ap`Zu L$p¡B`Z lpS>s lp¡BÐpp¡ Bdpd (A.k.)_p� hkugp\u `yfu \pe R>¡. A¡L$ hpL$¡Ap¡ kp�cmuA¡. B.lyk¥_ A.k._u rhgpv$s_p kde¡ rasêk _pd_p¡ afuísp¡ Aph¡ R>¡, S>¡ B.lyk¥_ A.k._p Åygp_¡ õì® L$f¡ R>¡ sp¡ B.lyk¥_ A.k.A¡ s¡_¡ bpgp¡ `f Ap`¡ R>¡. A¡lg¡b¥s (A.dy.k.) _p� hkugp\u A�pl `pk¡ vy$Ap dp�Nhu Å¡BA¡, L$pfZ A�pl_u lyS>S>s bpby�pl R>¡, A�pl kyû `lp¢Qhp_p¡ v$fhpÅ¡ R>¡. ApS>¡ Ap`Z_¡ S>¡ L$�B _¡Adsp¡ dmu flu R>¡. s¡ hL$s_p Bdpd_p� hkugp\u dm¡ R>¡. hfkpv$ hfk¡ R>¡. Tp�X$ D`f am Aph¡ R>¡ sp¡ s¡ Bdpd A.k._p hkugp\u. bëL$¡ Ap L$pA¡_ps_y� hyÅyv$ hL$s_p Bdpd_p� hyÅyv$_p� gu^¡ R>¡. B.kpqv$L$ A.k. ""ANf Ap S>du_ D`f lyS>S>s¡ Myv$p _ lp¡e sp¡ Ap S>du_ s¡_p fl¡hpkuAp¡ kp\¡ ku Åe''. Aphp¡ Ap`Z¡ A¡L$ buÅ¡ hpL$¡Ap¡ Å¡BA¡. A¡L$ hMs Aåvy$�pl _pd_p¡ dpZk S>¡ Bdpd¡ T>dp_p A.k._p¡ Mpk dp¡lub (Qplhphpmp¡) lsp¡. A¡L$ fpÓ¡ g� âk�Ndp�\u S>B_¡ Aphu kyB Åe R>¡. AX$û fpÓ¡ ÅN¡ R>¡, sfk gpN¡ R>¡. Dcp¡ \hp Qpl¡ R>¡. `f�sy Dcp¡ _\u \B iL$sp¡. s¡_u `Ð_u_¡ AhpS> Ap`¡ R>¡ L$¡ d_¡ iy� \B Ney�? ly� Dcp¡ _\u \B iL$sp¡. s¡_u `Ð_u L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ sd_¡ L$v$pQ Npdp� Mpgu QX$u NB li¡. Aåvy$�pl L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡

(21) (22)

Mpgu _\u QX$u.. b^p ÅNu Åe R>¡. ÅyA¡ R>¡ sp¡ Aåvy$�pl_¡ gL$hp¡ \B Nep¡. s¡_p b�_¡ N Mp¡V$p X$u Nep. Ofdp� b^p f¡ip_ \B Åe R>¡. khpf¡ s¡Ap¡ Aåvy$�pl_p� rdÓ AõNf_¡ bp¡gph¡ R>¡. s¡ X$p¡L$V$f gph¡ R>¡. X$p¡L$V$f L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ Aåvy$�pl_¡ ¡f¡gukuk A¡V$g¡ gL$hp \B Nep¡ R>¡. Ap rbdpfu_u L$p¡B v$hp _\u. sd¡ Nd¡ Ðep� Åh Ap N kpÅ _l] \pe. Aåvy$�pl M|b vy$:Mu \B Åe R>¡. d_dp� _¡ d_dp� Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k._¡ p¡L$pf¡ R>¡ L$¡ ep dp¥gp , sd¡ S> dpfu rbdpfu_¡ v|$f L$fu iL$p¡ R>p¡. sd¡ S> d_¡ riap Ap`p¡. fX$sp fX$sp s¡ k|B Åe R>¡. fps¡ õh`_pdp� s¡ A¡L$ _yfp_u i¿k_¡ Å¡¡h¡ R>¡. s¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. lp¡e R>¡.s¡Ap¡ Aåvy$�pl_¡ L$l¡ R>¡ Aåvy$�pl Dcp¡ \p. Aåvy$�pl L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ dpfp N Mp¡V$p X$u Nep ly� L$¡d Dcp¡ \ph. Bdpd A.k. lp\ g�bph¡ R>¡ A_¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ dpfp¡ lp\ `L$X$u_¡ Dcp¡ \p. Aåvy$�pl õhà_dp� S> Bdpd A.k._p¡ lp\ L$X$¡ R>¡ A_¡ Dcp \B Åe R>¡ A_¡ ÅNu Åe R>¡. p¡s¡ \pfudp�\u Dcp \B Åe R>¡ A_¡ Qpghp dp�X$¡ R>¡. p¡s¡ Å¡h¡ R>¡, sp¡ s¡Ap¡ kpÅ \B Nep. X$p¡L$V$f `pk¡ Åe R>¡. sp¡ X$p¡L$V$f L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ Ap rbdpfu A¡hu lsu L$¡ S>¡_p¡ BgpS> Ap vy$r_ep_p� L$p¡B X$p¡L$V$f pk¡ _ lsp¡. sp¡ Ap qL$õkp¡ A¡ hps kprbs L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡ Bdpd A.k_p� hkugp\u Ap`Zu lpS>sp¡ `yfu \pe R>¡. dyíL$¡guAp¡ v|$f \pe R>¡ A_¡ rbdpfudp� iap dm¡ R>¡. sd_¡ b^p_¡ L$v$pQ khpg \pe L$¡ Bdpd A.k.\u L$B fus¡ dv$v$ dp�Nhu L�$B fus¡ vy$Ap L$fhu? S>epf¡ L$p¡B Z dyíL$¡gu Aph¡ sp¡ Ap`Z¡ Ap`Zp hL$s_p� Bdpd A.k. _¡ A¡L$ kgpd L$fuA¡. Aõkgpdp¡ AgeL$ ep kpl¡bTTdp_ Av$fuL$_u A_¡ Ap`Z¡ Ap`Zu dyíL$¡guAp¡_¡ bsphuA¡ sp¡ eL$u__ Ap`Zp dp¥gp A_¡ ApL$p A_¡ Ap`Zp Tdp_p_p� Bdpd Ap`Zu lpS>s_¡ `yfu L$fi¡ L$pfZ L$¡ s¡Ap¡ Ap`Zp êlp_u r`sp R>¡. Aphp¡ Ap`Z¡ vy$Ap_p� A¡L$ _p_L$W$p °k�N_¡ epv$ L$fuA¡ A_¡ dS>guk sdpd...... B.lyk¥_ A.k.A_¡ Ap`_p AÞkpfp¡ A_¡ Aklpbp¡ A�pl_u fpldp�

cy¿ep A_¡ àepkp iluv$ \B Nep. A¡lg¡lfd D`f Tyëdp¡ kusd L$fhpdp� Apìep. L$pagp¡ ipd_p� bpTpfdp�\u `kpf \sp¡ lsp¡. _p_L$X$u kL$u_p i¡lTpv$u kL$u_p Qpf hj®_u kL$u_p�, B.lyk¥_ A.k._u gpX$gu kL$u_p Myb àepku lsu. L$pagp¡ A¡L$ S>Áep f\u kpf \ep¡. kL$u_p \u bp¡gpB Ney. lpe àepk, Ag Asi. A¡L$ Ap¥fs `pZu gB_¡ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ L$l¡ R>¡ Ap _p_u bÃQu_¡ `pZu ùhfphp¡ S>.kL$u_p A¡ `pZu lp\dp� gu^y. s¡ Ap¥fs¡ L$ley Ae bubu S>epf¡ Ap bÃQu `pZu ùB g¡ sp¡ dpfp dpV$¡ vy$Ap L$fphu v$¡Å¡ L$pfZL$¡ esud A_¡ Akuf_u vy$Ap S>ëv$u L$byg \pe R>¡. S>.Te_b¡ kL$u_p_p¡ lp\ fp¡L$u v$u^p¡ A_¡ L$ley L$¡ b¡V$p! `l¡gp vy$Ap L$fu gp¡, `R>u `pZu ùÅ¡. S>.Te_b k.A.A¡ L$ley Ae TBap sdpfu iy� lpS>s R>¡? sdpfu lpS>s bep_ L$fp¡..s¡ Ap¥fÐp L$ley L$¡ dpfu l¡gu lpS>s A¡ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ fus¡ sd¡ esud A_¡ Akuf \ep s¡ fus¡ Adpfp bpmL$p¡ esud _ \pe. dpkyd kL$u_pA¡ _p_p _p_p lp\p¡_¡ bg�v$ L$ep® A_¡ vy$Ap L$fu v$uû. spfu buÆ vy$Ap iy� R>¡? s¡ Ap¥fs¡ L$ley L$¡ dpfp¡ ip¥lf `fv$¡idp� R>¡ s¡ klu kgpds `pR>p¡ Aphu Åe. S>.kL$u_p k.A. A¡ Ap `Z vy$Ap L$fu v$uû. Ae Ap¥fs spfu ÓuÆ vy$Ap iy� R>¡? s¡ Ap¥fs¡ L$ley. dpfu sdßp R>¡ L$¡ A�pl d_¡ dv$u_p S>hp_y� _kub L$f¡. S>.Te_b k.A. dv$u_p_y� _pd kp�cmsp Qp¡�L$u Nep, dv$u_p epv$ Aphu Ney. `yR>ey Ae Ap¥fs sy� dv$u_p S>B_¡ iy� L$fui? s¡Z¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ ly� dpfp dp¥gp lyk¥_ A.k. A_¡ i¡lTpv$u Te_b k.A._u qTepfs L$fhp Qply� Ry�>. S>.Te_b k.A. L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ sy� spfu i¡lTpv$u_¡ Ap¡mMu S>Bi.. L$ley L$¡d _l]. ly� sp¡ S>.Te_b k.A._u L$_uT Dçd¡ lbubp Ry�>.. d¡ A¡d_u OZu rMv$ds L$fu R>¡. S>.Te_b k.A. fX$sp fX$sp bp¡ëep Ae Dçd¡ lbubp ly� S> Te_b Ry�>. A_¡ spfp dp¥gp A_¡ ApL$p lyk¥_ A.k. _y� kf _¢Å f R>¡. dpfp cpB lyk¥_ A.k._¡ iluv$ L$fu v$¡hpdp� Apìep A_¡ Ad_¡ Akuf A_¡ b¡ v$p® a¡fhhpdp� Aphu flep R>¡. ly� S> Te_b Ry>. S Dçd¡ lbubpA¡ S>epf¡ kp�cýey sp¡ dpsd L$ey®. fX$hp gpÁep. Ni MpB_¡ `X$u Nep, dp\y apV$u Ney A_¡ êl S>ßsdp� fhpT L$fu NB. Agp gA_sy�pl¡ Agg L$hduT Tpg¡du_.

(23) (24)

dS>guk - 6 `p°[p_° A_° `p°[p_u a°dugu_° S>lfi_d_u ApN\u bQphp°.

A�pl sbpfL$ h sApgp Ly$Ap®_¡ dÆv$dp� ky.slfud kyfp�.6 dp� Bfipv$ afdph¡ R>¡. buõdu�p luf fldp _uf flud. ep Aèep¡l�Tu_ Apd_y L|$ AÞap¡kL|d AlguL|$d _pfp. ""Ae Bdp_ gph_pfp Ap¡ sd¡ sdpfu Ås_¡ A_¡ sdpfp OfhpmpAp¡_¡ (a¡dugu_¡) ApN\u bQphp¡.'' Ap Apesdp� A�pl sApgp dp¡Adu_p¡\u L$lu flep¡ R>¡ L$¡ sd¡ sdpfu Ås_¡ A_¡ sdpfp Ly$Vy�$b_¡ S>lßd_u ApN\u bQphp¡...ANf dp¡Adu_ Bdp_ gpìep `R>u ApN\u kgpds lp¡s¡ sp¡ A�pl Ap hps _ afdphs¡. Ap Apesdp� A�pl sbpfL$ h sApgp A¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ L$lu flep¡ R>¡,S>¡ hpL$¡A_ dp¡Adu_ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ L$¡ dp¡Adu_ D`f Bdp_ gpìep `R>u b¡ dlÐh_u S>hpbv$pfu R>¡ A_¡ s¡ Bdp__u is® `Z R>¡. A¡L$sp¡ `p¡sp_¡ S>lßd_u ApN\u bQph¡ A_¡ p¡sp_p Ly$Vy�$b_¡, a¡dugu_¡, Of$_p kæep¡_¡ S>lßd_u ApN\u bQph¡. Ap`Zu X$eyV$u R>¡. Ap`Zu S>hpbv$pfu R>¡. L$¡ ANf Bdp_ gpìep R>p¡, sp¡ A¡hp Apdpg (L$pep£) L$fp¡ L¡ sd¡ Myv$ v$p¡TM_u ApN\u bQu iL$p¡ A_¡ `p¡sp_p Of_p kæep¡_¡ `Z A¡ fõsp D`f Qgphp¡ L$¡ S>¡\u s¡Ap¡ `Z ApN\u bQu Åe. dp¥s A¡hu QuS> R>¡, S>¡_p\u L$p¡B bQu _\u iL$hp_y� `f�sy L$¡V$guL$ dp¥s A¡hu R>¡, S>¡_p\u bQhp dpV$¡ vy$Ap L$fhu Å¡BA¡ ..L$¡ Ae A�pl sy Ad_¡ A¡hu dp¥s\u bQph S>¡dL$¡ Xy$bu_¡ dfhp\u, kmNu_¡ dfhp\u, dL$p_ L$¡ `lpX$udp� v$bpB_¡ dfhp\u, ep AL$fdps\u dfhp\u,A�pl\u `_pl dp�Nhu Å¡BA¡, L$pfZL$¡ Ap âL$pf_u dp¥sdp� BÞkp__¡ Ny_pl\u bQhp_u sL$ _\u dmsu. ANf dp¥s_p Apkpf\u `l¡gp sp¥bp L$fhp_u

sp¥raL$ dm¡, sp¡ S> Ny_plp¡_u sp¥bp L$byg \pe R>¡. Ap âL$pf_u dp¥s\u bQhp _dpT¡ kyål A_¡ _dpT¡ dNfub R>u 7 hMs Ap `°dpZ¡ `Y$hy� Å¡BA¡. rbõdu�p luf fldp_uf flud. gp lìg hgp Ly$ìhs B�p rbëgplug ATud. kyål_u _dpT R>u 10 hMs Ap âdpZ¡ Y$¡. kyålp_�plug ATud¡ hb¡ lçv$¡lu, gplìg hgp Ly$ìhs B�p rb�plug Aguèeug ATud sp¡ Myv$p Ap`Z_¡ Ap `°L$pf_u dp¥s\u bQphi¡. `f�sy Ap bû dp¥sdp� kp¥\u h^pf¡ sL$gua Ap`_pfu cep_L$ dp¥s ApN\u kmNu_¡ dfhy� R>¡. ANf L$p¡B ApNdp� kmN¡gu gpi_¡ Å¡B g¡ sp¡ Z hfkp¡ kyû qv$dpNdp�\u s¡_u epv$ _l] cy�kpe . ANf L$p¡B_p� Ofdp� ep vy$L$p_dp� \p¡X$u ApN gpN¡ sp¡ v$p¡õs sp¡ W$uL$ vy$íd_ Z dv$v$ dpV$¡ v$p¡X$u Aph¡ R>¡. ApN byTphu v$¡ R>¡. BdfS>Þku f ap¡_ L$fhp\u kfL$pfu dv$v$ Z dm¡ R>¡. vy$Þehu ApN\u bQhp dpV$¡, bQphhp dpV$¡ Ap`Z¡ L$¡V$gy Âep_ ApùA¡ R>uA¡, f�sy v$p¡TM_u ApN\u bQhp_u L$¡ bQphhp_u L$p¡B au¾$ L$fsp _\u. A¡ v$p¡TM L$¡ S>¡_u v$f¡L$ QuS> ApN\u b_¡gu R>¡. v$p¡TM A¡ S>Áep_y� _pd R>¡. S>¡_u S>du_ ApN_u R>¡, S>¡_y Apkdp_ ApN R>¡. S>¡_y ai® ApN R>¡. S>¡_y MpÏ ApN R>¡. S>¡_u S�>Tufp¡ ApN_u b_¡gu R>¡. ApV$gu kMs ApN L$¡ S>¡_y� skìhyf Z _ \B iL$¡. sd_¡ L$v$pQ rhQpf Aph¡ L$¡ Aphu ApNdp� L$p¡B _pMhpdp� Aph¡ sp¡ 1-2 k¡L$ÞX$dp� kmNu_¡ dfu Åe, f�sy ApM¡fs_p¡ r_Tpd AgN R>¡. Ðep� dp¥s _\u. S>¡V$gu hpf ApNdp� kmNi¡. A�pl afu\u _hu QpdX$u Apì¡. Aphu v$v®$_pL$ ApN\u bQhp A�pl dp¡Adu_p¡\u rMspb L$fu flep¡ R>¡. Ly$ AÞap¡k Ly$d Algu Ly$d _pfp. sd¡ sdpfu Ås_¡ A_¡ sdpfp OfhpmpAp¡_¡ ApN\u bQphp¡. Ae Bdp_ hpmpAp¡ A¡hu v$u_v$pfu B¿s¡epf L$fp¡ L$¡ sd¡ `Z ApN\u

(25) (26)

bQu Åh A_¡ sdpê Ly$Vy�$b `Z. v$u_v$pfu A¡V$g¡ ÅZu ëep¡L$¡ A�pl¡ Ap`Zp dpV$¡ iy� hpÆb L$ey¯ R>¡? s¡_¡ Av$p L$fu v$ep¡. A_¡ ÅZu ëep¡L$¡ A�pl¡ Ap`Zp dpV$¡ iy� lfpd L$ey¯ R>¡? lfpd A_¡ lfpd L$pd\u bQp¡. ANf Ap b¡ hps D`f Adg L$fuA¡ A¡V$g¡ L$¡ hpÆbps_u Av$pA¡Nu A_¡ lfpd L$pep£\u fl¡T sp¡ s¡_y� _pd S> sL$hp R>¡. s¡S> fl¡TNpfu R>¡. Ap S> v$u_v$pfu R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p gu^¡ S> BÞkp_ p¡s¡ Z v$p¡TM_u ApN\u kgpds fl¡i¡ A_¡ `p¡sp_p a¡dugu_¡ `Z ApS> fus¡ v$p¡TM_u ApN\u bQphu iL$i¡. ApS>¡ ANf Ap`Z¡ Ap`Zp Ofp¡_¡, kdpS>_¡ Å¡BA¡ sp¡ v$p¡TM\u bQphhphpmp L$p¡B _\u f�sy v$p¡TMdp� gB S>_pfp OZp b^p R>¡. v$pMgp sfuL$¡ ANf L$p¡B ip¥lf s¡_u Ð_u_¡ dS>byf L$f¡ L$¡ s¡ Qpv$f _ `l¡f¡ p¡sp_p v$p¡õsp¡_u kpd¡ My�p dp\¡ Aph¡, v$p¡õsp¡_u v$phs L$f¡. Ap Ð_u D`f v$bpZ L$f_pf ip¥lf _\u `f�sy s¡ v$p¡TM_u ApNdp� ^kX$u S>_pfp¡ R>¡. s¡S> fus¡ ANf Ap¥fs `p¡sp_p `rs\u lfpd L$pe®_u ¿hprli L$f¡, riL$pes L$f¡ sp¡ s¡ Z v$p¡TM_u sfa ip¥lf_¡ gB S>B flu R>¡. fkyg¡ Myv$p k. afdph¡ R>¡ : A¡ ip¥lf (`rs) dgD_ R>¡. s¡ ip¥lf D`f Myv$p_u gA_s R>¡, S>¡ `p¡sp_u `Ð_u_¡ bpfuL$ (`psmp-`pfv$i®L$) L$`X$p `l¡fhp_u fÅ Ap`¡, A¡hp âp¡Npddp� L$¡ S>ep� dv$p£ A_¡ Ap¥fsp¡ kp\¡ lp¡e Ðep� S>hp_u fÅ Ap`¡, sp¡ s¡_u `Ð_u S>¡V$gp L$v$d Qpgi¡ s¡ v$f¡L$ `Ng¡ `Ng¡ s¡ ip¡lf dpV$¡ v$p¡TMdp� A¡L A¡L$ Of b_sy S>i¡. s¡S> fus¡ ANf Ap¥fs s¡_p ip¥lf (`qs)_u BÅTs hNf Of_u blpf _uL$m¡ sp¡ s¡_p v$f¡L$ `Ng¡ s¡_p dpV$¡ v$p¡TMdp� A¡L A¡L$ Of b_sy S>i¡. ANf Ap`Z¡ QpluA¡ L$¡ Ap`Zp Of dp� bfL$s \pe sp¡ Ofdp� bfL$s sL$hp A_¡ `fl¡TNpfu\u Aph¡ R>¡. Ofdp� bfL$s lgpg L$dpZu\u Aph¡ R>¡. Ofdp� bfL$s lyLy$L$ (lL$L$p¡_¡) Av$p L$fhp\u Aph¡ R>¡. Ofdp� bfL$s hpÆbps_¡ Av$p L$fhp\u Aph¡ R>¡. Ofdp� bfL$s Ly$Ap®__¡ L$fud_u rsgphs L$fhp\u Aph¡ R>¡. v$f¡L$ _¡L$ L$pd L$fhp\u Ofdp� bfL$s Aph¡ R>¡.

f�sy ApS¡> A¡ lpgs R>¡ L$¡ Ofdp� Ly$Ap®__u rsgphs_¡ bv$g¡ çeyTuL$ hpNu fley lp¡e R>¡. Ofdp� bpmL$p¡_u kp\¡ dp-bp` `Z _pÅA¡T A_¡ lfpd âp¡Npd kp\¡ dmu_¡ Å¡B flep R>¡. dp¡X$¡ kyû V$u.hu. `f kufuegp¡-âp¡Npd Å¡hpdp� kde kpf \pe R>¡ A_¡ khpf_u _dpT dp-bp`_u L$Tp \pe R>¡. Aphp dp-bp` s¡_u Ap¥gpv$_¡ L$¡hu fus¡ ApN\u bQphu iL$¡, S>epf¡ L$¡ Myv$ Ny_plp¡\u bQsp _\u A_¡ S>epf¡ BÞkp_ Ny_pl_p¡ Apv$u \pe R>¡, sp¡ R>u s¡_¡ Ny_pl_p¡ A¡lkpk S> _\u fl¡sp¡. Aphp dp-bp` Myv$ sp¡ S>lßd_u ApN\u bQsp _\u `f�sy `p¡sp_u Ap¥gpv$_¡ `Z S>lßd sfa Y$kX$u Åe R>¡. bl¡sfu_ Mp_v$p_ s¡ R>¡, S>¡ A¡L$ buÅ_¡ v$p¡TM_u ApN\u bQphhpdp� dv$v$ L$f¡. b¡lsfu_ v$p¡õs A¡ R>¡, S>¡ s¡_p v$p¡õs_¡ S>lßd\u bQph¡, Myv$ _dpT `Y$¡ A_¡ s¡_p v$p¡õs_¡ `Z _dpT `Y$hp kp\¡ gB Åe.. Myv$ _Æk QuS> Mphp\u bQ¡, A_¡ `p¡sp_p v$p¡õs_¡ `Z _Æk QuS> Mphp\u fp¡L$¡. Ae Bdp_ gph_pfpAp¡ sd¡ Myv$ sdpfu Ås_¡ A_¡ sdpfp a¡dugu_¡ S>lßd_u ApN\u bQphp¡.

Myv$p_u L$kd! BÞkp__u Aph_pfu _õgp¡_¡ bQphhp dpV$¡ B.lyk¥_ A.k.A¡ `p¡sp_p v$p¡õsp¡ A_¡ `p¡sp_u Apg_u AqTd Ly$fbp_u Apù. Ae Nd¡ lyk¥_ A. L$f_¡ hpgp¡, Ae dp¡låbs¡ lyk¥_ A. L$f_¡hpgp¡, Ae ATpA¡ lyk¥_ L$f_¡hpgp¡.... bl¡sfu_ dp¡låbs¡ lyk¥_ A.k.A¡ R>¡ L$¡ s¡d_u ATpv$pfu kp\¡ dpsd, dkpA¡b, dS>guk A_¡ dkpA¡bdp� qv$g_¡ r`Nmphu_¡ s¡d_p dL$kv$¡ ATud_¡ Z epv$ fpMuA¡. B.lyk¥_ A¡ Ad°bug dAêa A_¡ _le A_ugdyÞLf dpV$¡, v$u_¡ Bõgpd_u rlapTs dpV$¡ Ap ATud Ly$fb_u Apù. Bdpd Qpl¡ R>¡ L$¡ Ap`Z¡ Ap`Zu Ås_¡ A_¡ Ap`Zp a¡dugu_¡ S>lßd_u ApN\u bQphuA¡. ANf Ap`Z¡ B.lyk¥_ A.k._p� Ap ATud dL$kv$_u D`f

(27) (28)

Adg L$fiy� sp¡ eL$u__ B.lyk¥_ A.k. _¡ kyLy$_ dlkyk \i¡ L$¡ s¡_p dp_hphpmp A¡ s¡d_u Ly$fbp_u_p� dL$kv$_¡ TpA¡ _\u L$ep®.

fkyg¡ Myv$p k._p� àepfp _hpkp.B.lyk¥_ A.k.dv$u_p\u L$fbgp sfa fhp_p \B flep R>¡¡. Dçd¡ kgdp yR>¡ R>¡, Ae afT�v$¡ fkyg L$ep� S>B flep R>¡? L$ep� dL$kv$ dpV$¡ Ap` L$fbgp S>B flep R>p¡? Dçd¡ kgdp ! \u L$ley Ae _p_u Å_ ly� BfpL$ S>B flep¡ R>y. b¡V$p! BfpL$ _ Åhp¡, d¡ sdpfp _p_p\u kp�cýey R>¡ L$¡ dpfp¡ _hpkp¡ B.lyk¥_ A.k. L$fbgpdp� c|¿ep A_¡ àepkp iluv$ \i¡. _p_u! sd¡ S>¡ kp�cýey lsy� s¡ kde Aphu Nep¡ R>¡. v$u_¡ Myv$p_u rlapTsdp� A�pl d_¡ L$fbgpdp� Å¡hp Qpl¡ R>¡. B.lyk¥_ A.k. L$fbgpdp� d_¡ A_¡ sd_¡ b^p_¡ v$u_v$pf b_phhp A_¡ v$p¡TM\u bQphhp Apìep lsp. kpQu dlp¡åbs¡ B.lyk¥_ A.k. A¡ R>¡ Ap`Z¡ dkpA¡b lyk¥_ `f Ap�kyAp¡ hlphsp, Ap`Zp b�_¡ lp\ Å¡X$u_¡ Av$b_u kp\¡ B.lyk¥_ A.k. _¡ L$luA¡ L$¡ dp¥gp! Ad¡ Ap`_u dykubsp¡ A_¡ vy$:Mp¡_¡ dlkyk L$fuA¡ R>uA¡, ApS¡> Ad¡ Ap ai®¡ ATp `f Ap`_p\u hpev$p¡ L$fuA¡ R>uA¡ L$¡ Adp¡ L$p¡iuj L$fuiy� L$¡ Ad¡ Adpfu Ås_¡ A_¡ Adpfp Ly$Vy�$b_¡ v$p¡TM_u ApN\u bQphu A¡, dp¥gp Ad¡ sdpfu L$fbgpdp� Ap`¡gu Ly$fbp_u_¡ b¡Akf \hp _lu v$¡iy�. B.lyk¥_ A.k. fp¡T¡ fkyg `f Aph¡ R>¡ _p_p\u ê¿ks \pe R>¡. dp�µ aps¡dp_u L$b° dybpfL$ f Aph¡ R>¡ dp�_u L$b° f\u ê¿ks \pe R>¡. L$b°\u AphpS> Aph¡ R>¡ b¡V$p! lyk¥_ Lfbgp ly� `Z spfu kp\¡ Aphu flu Ry�>.... (d.Nygpd AõL$fu kpl¡b_u dS>guk dp�\u)

Aphp° Ap`Z° Z ip°l]$pA° L$fbgp_p Nddp¨ Ap¨ky hlphuA°...... B.lzk•_ A._p dkpA°b hL$[_p Bdpd_u Tbp_dp¨ ApcmuA°. rTepf[° _pluepdp¨ B.Tdp_pA. afdph° R>°. My_\u _lpe°gp dTgyd D`f kgpd. ATp]$pfp° [kÏhyf L$fp°,Bdpd A._p¨ SyÁgp D`f L°$ B.lzk•_ L°$V$gp Tødu l[p. Ap`_y¨ `yÍ$ ifuf gp°lu gylpZ l[y.... S>epf° B.lzk•_

A.k. Í$øk[u dpV°$ B.kS>≈]$ A. `pk° Aph° R>°.. [p° B.kS>≈]$ A.k. r`[p_° Ap°mMu _\u iL$[p. L°$hu fu[° Ap°mMu iL°$ ? `yÍ$ b]$_ M|_ Apgy]$p l[y¨, gp°lu gylpZ l[y. B.Tdp_p A. afdph° R>° L°$ dy≈ÆA°gp A_° kyL$pe°gp lp°Wp°$_° kgpd. L°$V$gp ‡epkp l[p,B.lzk•_ A.k..qfhpe[dp¨ dm° R>°, L°$ AguAL$bf A.k. S>¨N L$f[p L$f[p ‡epk_u [X$`_° L$pfZ° pR>p Aph° R>° A_° L$l° R>° L°$ bpbp! ‡epk. Bdpd A. `p°[p_u Tbp_ q]$L$fp_p¨ dp° dp¨ Ap`° R>°. AguAL$bf A. A° [f[ S> `p°[p_p dp¢ _° lV$phu gu^y. bpbp [dpfu Tbp_ [p° dpfp L$f[p h^pf° kyL$u R>°. ATp]$pfp°, dTgyd Bdpd A. 71 Afikpfp° Ly$Vy¨$buAp°_p gpip_° D`pX$ep `R>u,kb∞_p° ≈d ùB_°,`p°[p_p bpmL$p°_° cyøep ‡epkp R>p°X$u_° S>¨N_p d°]$p_dp¨ Aphu ≈e R>°... i°f° My]$p_p gpg° ]y$Ìd_p°_° Agu A._u blp]y$fu_u ep]$ ]°$hX$phu ]$uû...... ApMf° AphpS>° Ly$]$f[ Aphu... bk,Ae _ak° dy[dBflp! [pfp fb [fa `gV$u Aph... B.lzk•_ A.k.[ghpf Áep_ L$fu, cpN°gy gÌL$f _T]$uL$ ApÏey¨. Qpf° [fa\u lzdgpAp° \B f¸p l[p. L$p°B ’\f [p° L$p°B [ghpf [p° L$p°B _°Tp hX°$ [p° L$p°B [uf hX°$ lzdgp° L$fu f¸y¨ l[y¨... B.lzk•_ p¨ ifuf D`f A°V$gp [uf l[p L°$ S>epf° Ap` Op°X$p `f\u _uQ° ApÏep [p° Ap`_y¨ ifuf [ufp° D`f l[y¨......B.lzk•_ A.k. ilu] $\B Nep. A°L$ Ap¨û DW$u... S>du__° TgTgp° ApÏep°. AhpS> Ny¨∆ Agp L$p°[°gg lzk•_p° b° L$fbgp Agp Tp°b°lg lzk•_p° b° L$fbgp. Agp gA_[yâpl° Agg L$hduT Tpg°du_. AâplzÁd AS>∆g g° hguËe°L$g afS>. h keAgdyg gTu_p Tgd| A¨Ëep dy_L$g°bue efiL$g°b|_.

Agp gA_yâpl° Agg L$p•duT Tpg°du_...

dS>guk -7 _yıf[° Bdpd° Tdp_p A.k. A_° S>.L$pkud A.k._p¨ dkpA°b.

AÎgpl [bpfL$ h [Apgp Ly$ApÆ_° d∆]$dp ky. dp°lÁd]$ Ap:7 dp¨ Bfip]$ afdph° R>°.

(29) (30)

buıduâp luf fldp _uf flud. ""ep AËep°lgπ gTu_ Apd_|! Bfi[fikp°Í$Îgpl efik|fL|$d - hep°kÂbu[ AL$]$pd L|$d...''

Ae Bdp_ gph_pfpAp° ! ANf [d° AÎgpl_u d]$]$ L$fip° [p° AÎgpl ([bpfL$ h [Apgp) [dpfu d]$]$ L$fi° A_° [d_° kprb[ L$]$d fpMi°.

Ap Ape[dp¨ AÎgpl_u d]$]$ L$fhu A°V$g° ? Ap khpg_p° S>hpb ]$f° A°lg°b•[ (A.dy.k.) \u d°mhuA°.

kpq]$L$° Apg° dp°lÁd]$ B.S>Aaf° kpq]$L$ A.k. afdph° R>° L$° S>_pb° Bkp A.k._p iuApAp°A° Bkp A.k._u d]$]$ L$fu [p° A°d_° Ly$ApÆ_dp¨ AfikpÍ$Îgpl (AÎgpl_u d]$]$ L$f_pfp) L$lep R> °. Ap_p° d[gbA° \ep° L$° S>°Z° [°_p Tdp_p_p¨ _bu ep Bdpd_u d]$]$ L$fu [°Z° AÎgpl_u d]$]$ L$fu. `f¨[y A° hp[ ¬ep_dp¨ fl° L$° AÎgpl, _bu ep Bdpd Ap`Zu d]$]$_p¨ dp°l[pS> _\u. `f¨[y Ap`Zu L$kp°V$u ep BÁ[°lp_ dpV$° Ap`Z_° d]$]$ L$fhp_y¨ L$l°hpdp¨ ApÏey¨ R>°.

_yıf[° Bdpd_u A°lduËe[B.kpq]$L$ A.k._u `pk° Ap`_p byTyNÆ klpbuAp° b°W$p lp°e R>°.

[°hpdp¨ A°L$ _h eyhp_ L$° S>°_y _pd rlipd bu_ lL$d R>°. [° Aph° R>°.Bdpd A.k.[°_° AphL$pf° R>° A_° `p°[p_u bpSy>dp¨ S>¡ep Ap`° R>°. S>epf° byTyNÆ klpbuA° ≈°ey¨ [p° [°Ap°_u M|b _hpB gpNu. [°Ap°_p¨ Q°lfp `f _pfpTNu ≈l°f \B R>° L$° Bdpd A.k. [°d_° L$°V$gy dp_ kfidp_ A_° fuı`°L$V$ Ap‡ey. Bdpd A.k.A° S>epf° Ap ≈°ey¨ [p° [° _h eyhp_ rlipd bu_ lL$d [fa ≈°B_° L$ley lpTp _pk°fp°_p b° L$Îb°lu h g°kp_°lu h e]$°lu.

Ap Adpfp° d]$]$Npf R>°. q]$g\u Tbp_\u A_° lp\ \u.rlipd bu_ lL$d Bdpd_p¨ ıVy$X$fiV,$ [pgub° BÎd l[p. S>°Ap° BÎd

lp¨kug L$fu_° bu≈ qafL$p_p¨ dp°V$p-dp°V$p Apgudp° kp\° dy_pT°fp° qX$b°V$ L$f[p A_° ]$u__u rlapT[ L$f[p, S>°_p gu^° Bdpd A.k. [°d_° Myb Qpl[p A_° dp_ Ap`[p.

My]$ fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. \u B.lyk•_ A.k. A° afdph° R>°, ""S>epf° ApMfu Bdpd_p° Tylyf \pe [p° [°d_u rM]$d[dp¨ `lp°¨Q≈°, cg° bfa_° My¨]$[p Mÿ]$[p S>hy X$°. B.S>hp]$ p°[p_p A°L$ klpbu Agu BÂ_° dl°Tuepf _° ” gM° R>°.

Ae Agu! AÎgpl [d_° S>TpA° M•f Ap`°, A_° S>fi_[dp¨ dL$pd A[p L$f°, ]y$r_ep A_° ApM°f[dp¨ L$pÁepbu Ap`°. L$epd[dp¨ [d_° Adpfu kp\° DW$ph°. Ad° [dpÍ$ BÁ[°lp_ gB Q|L$ep R>uA°. [d° hp∆bp[_u A]$peNudp¨, Adpfu B[pA[dp¨ A_° Adpfu rM]$d[dp¨ D¨Qp ]$fS>≈ D`f R>p°. [d° W$¨X$u dp¨, Nfdudp¨, q]$hk-fp[ S>° rM]$d[ Apù flep R>p°, [°_p\u Ad° A≈Z _\u. AÎgpl ([.) [d_° d•]$p_° L$epd[dp¨ A°hp° b]$gp° Apì° L$° gp°L$p° [AS>Sy>b pdi°. (qL$[pbyg Neb[. °.226).

Ap`Z° Ap l]$ukp°_u fp°i_udp¨ A° ≈Œey L$° Bdpd_u rM]$d[ L$f_pf S>fi_[u R>°. ]y$r_ep A_° ApM°f[dp¨ L$pÁepb R>°. L$epd[dp¨ Bdpd_u kp\° DW$phhpdp¨ Aph° R>°. Bdpd A. [°_p\u Myi \pe R>°. [p° lh° Ap`Z_° khpg \pe L$° Bdpd A.k. lyS>S>[° My]$p_u _yıf[ (d]$]$) L$°hu fu[° L$fhu ? Bdpd_u d]$]$ L$fhp_u fu[ iy¨ R>° ?

_yıf[° Bdpd_u fu[ 1. ]$u__u [ÂguN L$fhu. gp°L$p° kyû BÎd°]$u_ `lp°¨QpX$hy¨, BÎd

lp¨kug L$fhy¨.B.kpq]$L$ A.k. afdph° R>° :""My]$pA° ‚\d A° gp°L$p° L$° S>°Z° BÎd lp¨rkg L$eyÆ¨ R>°. [°_u `pk°\u

hpe]$p° gu^p° L$°° [°Ap° BÎd_°A° gp°L$p° kyû lp°¨QpX$i° L$° S>°_u pk° BÎd _\u. `R>u A° gp°L$p° L$° S>°Ap° `pk° CÎd _\u, [°_u `pk°\u hpe]$p° gu^p° L$° [°Ap° S>°_u pk° BÎd R>°, [°_p\u BÎd lp¨rkg L$fi°.''

BÎd gp°L$p° kyû lp°¨QpX$hp_u S>hpb]$pfu AdyL$ Mpk gp°L$p°_u _\u, `f¨[y S>°_u `pk° S>°V$gy BÎd lp°e [°V$gu [°_u S>hpb]$pfu R>°, BÎd `lp°¨QpX$hp_u Ap L$pd_u l]$ukp°dp¨ Myb S> ‚i¨kp L$fhpdp¨ Aphu R>°.

(31) (32)

kpq]$L$° Apg° dp°lÁd]$ B.kpq]$L$ A.k.A° afdpÏey : ""S>° L$p°B Adpfu l]$ukp° bep_ L$fu_° Adpfp iuApAp°_p¨ q]$g_°

dTby[ L$f°, [p° [° 1000 Apbu]$ L$f[p b°l[f R>°.''bu∆ A°L$ l]$ukdp¨ B.kpq]$L$ A.k. afdph° R>° ""S>° L$p°B Adpfp

e[udp°dp¨\u A°L$ e[ud_° (e[udA° R>° S>° ]$u_\u ]y$f lp°e, Bdpd_u dAf°a[\u ]|$f lp°e) (]$u_u) [Agud Ap`°, [p° [° My]$p_u _T]$uL 10 gpM d]$p£ A_° Ap•f[p°_u Bbp]$[ L$f[p bl°[f R>°. $''

A°L$ ı”u lTf[ ku]$©uL$pA° [pl°fp ap[°d[yTTlfp (A.k.)_u `rh” rM]$d[dp¨ lpS>f \B A_° ATÆ L$fu. ""dpfu dp h©¬^ R>°, A°_p [fa\u ly¨ Ap`_° AdyL$ ‚Òp° yR>hp Qply¨ R>y¨. d_° dpfu dp A° Ap ‚Ô_p° dpV$° Ap`_u k°hpdp¨ dp°L$gu R>°.''

lTf[ k•e]p$ (k.A.) A° L$¸y¨ : ""S>Í$f `yR>p°, '' [° ı”uA° A°L$ khpg L$ep£, S>°_p° S>_pb° k•e]$p (k.A.) A° S>hpb Ap‡ep°. A°d A°L$ R>u A°L$ ]$k ‚Òp° `yR>ep A_° ]$f°L$ ‚Òp°_p S>hpb S>_pb° k•e]$p (k.A.)A° Ap‡ep. `°gu ı”u_° A°hy¨ gp¡ey L$° khpgp° hû Nep, [°\u ifdu¨]$p \B_° bp°gu : ""lh° ly¨ Ap`_° h^pf° T°ld[ Ap`hp_y¨ `k¨]$ _\u L$f[u.'' S>_pb° k•e]$p (k.A.) A° afdpÏey¨ : ""[dpf° S>° `yR>hy¨ lp°e [° `yR>p°. ≈° L$p°B dpZk_° L$l°hpdp¨ Aph° L$°, AdyL$ kpdp_ dL$p__u R>[ D`f lp°¨QpX$u ]$ep°. S>°_p b]$gpdp¨ kp°_p_u A°L$ gpM Aifau Ap`hpdp¨ Aphi°. [p° iy¨ [° dpZk_° kpdp__p° bp°S> h^pf° gpNi°?'' `°gu ı”uA° L$¸ÿ : ""lfNuT _lu.'' S>_pb° k•e]$p (k.A.) A° afdpÏey¨ : "" ly¨ [_° S>° dkpA°g b[phu flu Ry>¨ [°_p° ]$f°L$ dkAgp_p b]$gpdp¨ S>du_ A_° Apkdp_ [°dS> [°_u h√Q° S>°V$gy A¨[f R>° [°V$gy Th°fp[\u cf°gy¨ lp°e, [°V$gp° A«> (b]$gp°) d_° dmu f¸p° R>°. S>epf° A°L$ gpM kp°_p_u Aifau_p b]$gpdp¨ R>[ kyû kpdp_ `lp°¨QpX$_pfp° dSy>f `p°[p_p dpV$° bp°S> _\u kdS>[p°. [p° ApNm hZÆh°g A«>_p b]$gpdp¨ dkpA°g_p S>hpb Ap`hpdp¨ Tl°d[ L$°d kdSy>¨? S>epf° dSy>f_y¨ L$pd [p° MybS> Ód_y¨ R>° A_° dpÍ$¨ L$pd [p° Apkp_ R>°. d°¨ dpfu

hpgu]$° dp°l[fd lTf[ fkyg° My]$p (k.A.h.) _° A°d afdph[p kp¨c˝ep R>°, L$° L$epd[_p q]$hk° Adpfp iuAp Aprgdp°_° [°d_p BÎd A_° ql]$pe[_p ‚dpZdp¨ AÎgpl [Apgp [fa\u Dd]$p rgbpk `l°fphhpdp¨ Aphi°. []$D`fp¨[ ]$f°L$ Aprgd_° ]$k gpM _yfp_u Apc|jZp° Ap`hpdp¨ Aphi°. ""`R>u fÂbyg Apgdu_ [fa\u A°L$ AhpS> Ap`_pfp° ≈l°fp[ L$fi° : "" Ae Apg° dp°lÁd]$ (k.A.h.) _p e[udp°_u kf`fı[u L$f_pfpAp° ! S>epf° [°Ap° `p°[p_p bp`-]$p]$p A\pÆ[ Bdpdp° (A.dy.)\u rhMyV$p X$°gp l[p, [° kde° [d° [°Ap°_° Í$lp_u dpNÆ]$iÆ_ Ap‡ey¨ l[y¨. ApS>° [°Ap° lpS>f R>°. ]y$r_epdp¨ [°Ap°A° [dpfp `pk°\u S>°V$gp° ‚dpZdp¨ BÎd lprkg L$eyÆ¨ l[y¨, [°V$gp ‚dpZdp¨ [°Ap°_° S>fi_[u p°jpL$ A[p L$fp°.(b°lpÍ$g Afihpf cpN-2, p.3).

lTf[ Bdpd° ≈Aaf° kpq]$L$ (A.k.) A° afdpÏey¨ : lTf[ fkyg° My]$p (k.A.h.) _y¨ afdp_ R>° L$° : L$epd[_p q]$hk° A°L$ dpZk_° gphhpdp¨ Aphi°. [°_p _°L$ Apdpg O°fpe°gp¨ hp]$mp°_u S>°d, ep [p° D¨Qp D¨Qp `lpX$p°_u S>°d dp°V$p ]$°Mpi°. [° dpZk L$l°i° L$° :-

d°¨ [p° ApV$gp b^p _°L$ Adg L$epÆ _\u. [p° R>u ApV$gp b^p Adg dpfu `pk° L$°hu fu[° Aphu Nep ? –epf° AÎgpl [Apgp [fa\u S>hpb Aphi° L$° Ap [pÍ$¨ A° BÎd R>°, S>° [°¨ gp°L$p°_° iuMÏey l[y¨ L$° S>°_p D`f [pfp (d©–ey) R>u Z Adg \[p° f¸p°.'' 2. Bdpd_u d]$]$ L$fhp_p° A°L$ fı[p° R> ° Adg :

B.kpq]$L$ A.k. afdph° R>° : Adpfp iuApA° D`f kgpd \pe. [°Ap° dpV$° S>Í$fu R>° L$° [L$hp A_° fl°TNpfu Bø[°epf L$f°, My]$p_p ]$u_ dpV$° L$p°iuj L$f°. kpQp A_° Adp_[]$pf b_°. h^pf° Bbp]$[ L$f°. `X$p°kuAp° kp\° _°L$u L$f°, kug° fl°d L$f°. rbdpf_u Mbf L$pY$°. S>_pTpdp¨ rifL$[ L$f°, gp°L$p°_p¨ lL$ A]$p L$f°. L$pfZ L$° [dpfp _°L$ Adg_u Adpfu kp\° r_ıb[ ]$°hpdp¨ Aph° R>° A_° Ad° Myi \BA° R>uA°, A_° [dpfp Ny_plp°_u `Z Adpfp\u r_ıb[ ]$°hpdp¨ Aph° R>° A_° S>°_p\u Ad° ]y$:Mu \BA° R>uA°

(33) (34)

3.Ny_pl\u bQhy¨ : Bdpd_u d]$]$ L$fhp_p° A°L$ Tfuep°A° R>° L$° Ap`Z° Ny_plp°\u bQuA° L$°d L$° S>epf° Ap`Z\u Ny_pl \B ≈e R>°. [p° [°_p\u Bdpd_° ]y$:M lp°¨Q° R>°. A°L$ hpL$°Ap \L$u Ap hp[ ı`Ù$ A_° hpT°l \B S>i°.

lp∆ ApL$p lk_ L$l° R>° ly¨ Ap¨M_p BgpS> dpV$° dÌl]$\u [°lfp_ ApÏep°. [° kde° [°lfp__p° A°L$ h°`pfu S>°_° ly¨ Ap°mM[p° l[p°, [° h°`pfu B.f°Tp A.k._u qTepf[ L$fhp dpV$° Myfpkp_ Nep°. A°L$ fp”u_p¨ d° ıh‡_ ≈°ey¨ L$° ly¨ B.f°Tp A.k._p fp°Tpdp¨ Ry>¨. B.f°Tp A. Tful_u ApNm b°W$p R>°. AQp_L$ d° ≈°ey L$° `°gp h°`pfuA° A°L$ [uf Bdpd A.k._° dpeyÆ¨, Bdpd A.k._° [uf hpN[p Ap` b°Q•_ \B Nep. afuhpf [°Z° Bdpd A.k._° buSy> [uf dpeyÆ¨, Bdpd A.k. b•Q°_ \B Nep. ”u∆hpf Tful pR>m S>B Bdpd_u ùW$ D`f [uf dpeyÆ¨. Ap hM[° Bdpd A.k.ùW$ cf `X$u Nep. ly¨ X$fu_° ≈Nu Nep°. S>epf° [° h°`pfu qTepf[ L$fu_° `pR>p° ApÏep° [p° d° [°_° dpfp Ap ıh‡__u hp[ L$fu. Ap kp¨cmu_° [°_u Ap¨Mdp¨\u Ap¨ky hl°hp gp¡ep, A_° [°Z° L$ley¨ : S>° q]$hk° ly¨ Bdpd A.k._p lfddp¨ ]$pMg \ep°, [p° A°L$ Ap•f[ Tful `f lp\ fpMu_° kgpd cf[u l[u, d° dpfp° lp\ [°Zu_p¨ lp\ D`f dyL$u ]$u^p°. [° Ap•f[ Tful_u bu∆ bpSy> Qpgu NB, ly¨ Z Nep°, afuhpf d° [°Zu_p lp\ D`f lp\ dyL$ep°. Ap•f Tful_u `pR>m NB, ly¨ `Z Nep° A_° lp\ dyL$ep° ([pfZ A° _uL$m° L$° Bfikp__p Ny_plp° Bdpd_° L$°V$gu ]$]Æ$_pL$ [L$guap° Ap`° R>°.) (BL$ k]$ dp•TyA `¨S> k]$ ]$pı[p_ cp-1, `°S> _¨.234 qL$ıkp°-2)

4.ATp]$pfu : B. Tdp_p A._u _yıf[ L$fhp_p° A°L$ fı[p° R>°, ATp]$pfuA° k•e]$]y$Ìip°l]$p.

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. afdph° R>° : dpfp° afT¨]$ lyk•_ (A.k.) L$fbgp_p¨ fZdp¨ ”Z q]$hk_p° cyøep° A_° ‡epkp° L$–g L$fhpdp¨ Aphi°. S>° L$p°B [°_u d]$]$ L$fi°, [°Z° dpfu afT¨]$ B.dl]$u A.k._u d]$]$ L$fu L$l°hpi°. lh° khpg A° \pe L$° ApS>_p kdedp¨ B.lyk•_ A.k._u d]$]$ L$°hu

fu[° L$fhu ?[°_p° S>hpb A° R>° L$° A–epf_p¨ Tdp_pdp¨ Ap`Z° ATp]$pfuA°

B.lyk•_ A.k.L$fu_°, [°d_u qTepf[ L$fu_°, Ap`Z° Bdpd A.k._u d]$]$ L$fuA° dS>guk° ATp bf`p L$fuA°, B.lyk•_ A.k._u ilp]$[_p° dL$k]$- ]$u__u bL$p ]$u__u kgpd[u l[p°, [° gp°L$p° kyû lp°¨QpX$uA°.

B.Tdp_p A.k. My]$ afdph° R>° L$° ""S>° iøk dpfp S>]$π B.lyk•_ _p dkpA°bdp¨ fX$[u hM[° dpfp Tylyf dpV$° ]y$Ap L$f° [p° ly¨ [°_p dpV$° ]y$Ap L$fy¨ Ry>¨''.

Aphp° Ap`Z ≈°BA° L$° Bdpd lyk•_ A.k._p Afikpf d]$]$Npf L$°hp l[p?

N¨S>° ip°l]$pL$p [TL$°fp ApS>L$u fp[ BkguA° L$f_p Qpl[p ly¨, L$° e° bX$u L$Âf ∆kd° bL$uep kpf° ip°l]$p ]$a_ L$ue° Ne° \°, Dkd° Tfp ep]$ [p° L$u∆A°, L$p•_ L$p•_ l• ? Dkd° ≈•_ cu l•, ∆filp°¨_° A`_u ilp]$[ L$° hL$[ e° L$lp \p, dp•gp (A.k.) S>b [L$ d•¨ A`_° M|_L$p° Ap`L$° M|_d°¨ dugp _lu¨ gy¨Np [b [L$ dyS>° Q•_ _lu¨ dug°¨Np. Dku N¨S>° ip•l]$pd° S>lp¨ ≈•_ l• hlu Tp°l•f° (A.k.) cu l•, hlu¨ dyıgud BÂ_° Ahk≈cu l•, hlu¨ Aby kydpdp ke]$phu (A.k.) cu l•, Ap•f hlu f b_u lpiud (A.k.) cu l•. Dkd° Ap•_ h dp°lÁd]$ cu l•, Dkud° S>_pb dyıgud BÂ_° AL$ugL$u Ap•gp]$ cu l•, Dkd° Ap•gp]$° ≈af° [•epf cu l•¨, Dkd° Ap•gp]$° AduÍ$g dp°Ad°_u_ (A.k.) cu l•. Í$L$p ly¨, kb [TL$°f° ep]$ ]$ugp L$° Í$L$p ly¨. Ap•f Bfilu gpip°¨L$° ]$fÁep_ A°L$ gpi Ap•f cu l•. ∆kL$p _pd ep]$ L$fL$° d°fu Tbp_ Í$L$ NB DkL$p _pd l• L$pkud. S>b L$pkud (A.k.) L$p° lyk•_ (A.k.) _° L$g°S>°k gNpep Ap•f c[u≈ A`_° QQpL$° L$g°S>°k° gNp, [p° AÎgpl ≈_° ]$ugp°¨L$u ^X$L$_p°¨_° A°L$ ]|$kf°k° L$ep L$lp? ]$p°_p°¨L$° Ap¨ky ≈fu lyh° Ap•f B–_p fp°A° lyk•_ (A.k.), B–_p fp°A° L$pkud (A.k.), L$° ]$p°_p°¨L$p° Ni Ap Nep.

L$pkud Í$Mk[ lp° fl° l•. AÁdp kgpd, ayau AÁdp kgpd, ayau kgpd, bX$u ayau kgpd, QQp kgpd, R>p°V$° QQp kgpd, c•ep AL$bf

(35) (36)

kgpd, _filu¨ kyL$•_p kgpd. My]$p lpauT. A°L$ df[bp L$pkud (A.k.) _° khpf lp°_p Qplp [p° Op°X$p D¨Qp \p.

L$pkud (A.k.) B–_° L$dku_ \° L$° Op°X$° `f khpf _p lp° kL$° [p° S>_pb° AÂbpk (A.k.) ApN° bX$l° Ap•f R>p°V$° QQp_° A`_° R>p°V$° c[uS>°L$p° L$g°S>°k° gNpL$° DW$pep Ap•f Op°X$° f buW$p ]$uep.

bk, Y$ Q|L$p. S>b L$pkud (A.k.) ≈ fl° \° [p° L$pkud (A.k.) L$p L$]$ B–_p L$d \p, B–_p R>p°V$p \p L$° Op°X$° `f khpf _p lp° kL$°. S>b [L$ AÂbpk (A.k.) _° D_L$p° Np°]$d° g° L$f khpf _p L$uep. g°L$u_ d•¨_° [pfuML$u L$u[pb°¨ `X$lu¨ [p° dyS>° e°lu dugp. L$pkud (A.k.) L$u gpi g°L$° lyk•_ (A.k.) Ap fl° \°. lyk•_ (A.k.) _° L$pkud (A.k.) L$u gpiL$° ku_°L$p° A`_° ku_°k° dugp guep \p. A°L$ lp\k° gpi k¨cpg° lye° \° Ap•f ]|$kf° lp\k° •f k¨cpg° lyh° \°. g°L$u_ hp° L$pkud (A.k.) ≈° Tfp ]$°f l°g° B–_° R>p°V$° \° L$° Op°X$° `f _lu¨ b•W$ kL$[° \° hlu L$pkud (A.k.) Ab B–_° gÁb° lp° NA° \° L$° lyk•_ (A.k.) gpi gp fl° \° Ap•f L$pkud (A.k.) L$° `•f Tdu_ `f Mu¨Q[° ≈ fl° \°. Af° kdS>° ? Tufi]$Nud° Op°X$° NyTf NA° \° BkguA° dyS>° hp° gpi ep]$ ApB, ≈° Tufi]$Nud° `pdpg lp° NB \u. ≈° L$dku_L$u gpi \u dNf `pdpg lp° NB \u, B–_u g¨bu lp° NB \u L$° `•f Tdu_ f M[ ]$°[° ≈ fl° \°, [p° d°fu Tbp_ Í$L$ NB.

Ae L$pkud A.k. Ae L$pkud A.k. ! ld Nygpdp°¨L$p kgpd g° gp°, QQp pdpg lyhp ilp]$[L$° bpA]$, [yd pdpg lp° NA° Tufi]$Nud°¨. kepAgdyg gTu_p Tgdy A¨Ëep dyfiL$gbue e_L$g°b|_.

dS>guk -8 My–bA° N]$uf A_° dp•gp AÂbpk A.k. _p dkpA°b.

buıduâp luf fldp _uf flud. L$pgÎglp° [bpfL$ h [Apgp au Ly$ApÆ_ug L$fud.

ep AËep°lfπ fkyg bÎguN dp DfiT°g A°geL$ dufπ fÂb°L$, h B_π gdπ [aAgπ adp bÎgNπ[ f°kpg[ly¨, hÎgplp° eAk°dp°L$ d°_fi_pk. (kghp[) (ky.dpA°]$pl Ap.67).

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. `p°[p_u ∆¨]$Nu_p¨ ApMfu lS> L$fu_° `f[ Aphu flep l[p. kp\° A°L$ gpM\u h^y lp∆Ap°_p° dS>dp° l[p°. S>epf° fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. Tp°lap\u ”Z dpBg ]|$f N]$uf Myd _pd_p ı\m° `lp°√ep, [p° [° S>¡epA° ∆b∞Bg Adu_ ”Z hM[ _pTug \ep A_° AÎgpl_p° Ap èNpd k¨cmpÏep° L$° AÎgp[ [ApgpA° Agu A.k._u rhgpe[_p¨ bpfpdp¨ S>° _pTug L$eyÆ¨ R>° [°_° gp°L$p° kyû `lp°¨QpX$u ]$ep°, ANf [d° Ap k¨]$°ip° _\u `lp°¨QpX$ep° [p° qfkpg[_p° L$p°B k¨]$°ip° _\u `lp°¨QpX$ep°, AÎgpl [d_° gp°L$p°_p if (_yL$ip_) \u dla|T fpMi°.

Ap Ape[ _pTug \ep `R>u [dpd gp°L$p°_° Myd_p¨ d°]$p_dp¨ c°Np L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep. `pR>m fl°gp gp°L$p°_u hpV$ ≈°hpdp¨ Aphu. ApNm NA°gp gp°L$p°_° `pR>p bp°gphhpdp¨ ApÏep. d°]$p_dp¨\u L$p¨V$pAp°_° kpa L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep. ^p°d ^M[p [X$L$pdp¨ Agu A.k._u rhgpe[ A_° Bdpd[_y¨ A°gp_ L$fhp dpV$° [•epfu \B flu l[u. D¨V$p°_p¨ gpZ_y¨ rdÁbf b_phhpdp¨ ApÏey A_° Ap duÁbf `f\u fkyg°My]$p k.A.h.A° 1,00,000\u h^y lp∆Ap°_p¨ dS>dpdp¨ A°L$ A•[lprkL$ My–bp° Ap‡ep°.

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h.A° My–bp_u iÍ$Ap[dp¨ AÎgpl_u lÁ]$p° k_p L$fu.. –epf° bp]$ ky. dpA°]$pl _u 67 du Ape[_u q[gph[ L$fu, AÎgpl [.A° dpfp `f Ap Ape[ _pTug L$fu. Ae fkyg k.A.h. [dpfu D`f S>° _pTug L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey R>°, [°_° gp°L$p° kyû `lp°¨QpX$u ]$ep°. ANf [d° Ap L$pd _\u L$eyÆ [p° L$pf° qfkpg[_p° L$p°B eNpd _\u lp°¨QpX$ep°.

Ae gp°L$p° ly¨ ≈œ¨ Ry>¨ L$° Ap dS>dp dp¨ dy–[L$u gp°L$p° Ap°R>p R>° A_° dy_praL$p°_u k¨øep M|b h^pf° R>°. d_° ce R>° L$° gp°L$p° akp]$ L$f° A_° Bıgpd_u dTpL$ DX$ph° `f¨[y AÎgpl° dpfu Tdp_[ guû R>° L$° [° d_° gp°L$p°_p¨ if \u bQphi°.

Ae gp°L$p° ! ≈Zu Îep° L$° b°iL$ AÎgpl° [dpfp dpV$° A°d_° hgu b_pÏep R>°, S>°_u k¨`|ZÆ B[pA[ hp∆b R>° dp°lp∆f D`f, A_kpf D`f, [pb°Au_ D`f, [dpd NpdX$phpkuAp° D`f, [dpd il°f_p fl°_pfpAp°

(37) (38)

D`f, [dpd AÎgpl_u [p•rl]$ D`f dp__pfp f.Ae gp°L$p° ! ≈Zu Îep° L$° S>°Z° Ap Ad∞ (rhgpe[° Agu A.k.) _p°

rhfp°^ L$ep£, [° dgD_ R>° A_° S>°Z° Ap Ad∞° (rhgpe[) _u •fhu L$fu [°_p D`f AÎgpl_u fl°d[ \pe R>°, S>°Z° [°_u (Agu A.k._u rhgpe[_u) [ı]$uL$ L$fu [p° AÎgpl [°_° dpa L$fu ]$°i°. [°d_p\u ]$u__p¨ A°lL$pd kp¨cmp° A_° [°d_u B[pA[ L$fp° A_° `•fhu L$fp°. b°iL$ AÎgpl [bpfL$ h [Apgp [dpfp° fb L$° S>° [dpfp° hgu R>° A_° dAby]$ R>°. [°_p lyL$d\u [°_p° fkyg dp°lÁd]$ (k.A.h.) [dpfp° hgu R>°. S>° [d_° A–epf° k¨bp°^_ L$fu flep° R>° A_° dpfp `R>u [dpfp fb AÎgpl_p¨ lyL$d\u [dpfp hgu A_° Bdpd Agu A.k. R>°. [°d_p `R>u Bdpd[ dpfu TyÍ$fuËe[dp¨ [°d_p¨ hïdp¨\u L$epd[ kyû fl°i°. (My–bA° N]$uf b°lpf.hp°.37).

My–bA° N]$uf_p¨ Ap ≈yÁgpAp° f\u A° [pfZ _uL$m° R>° L$° :* fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. `R>u AÎgpl_p lyL$d\u Agu A.k. gp°L$p°_p Bdpd R>°. * S>°dZ° fkyg° My]$p k.A.h._u hap[ R>u Agu A.k._u Bdpd[_° L$byg _ L$fu, Agu A.k._u rMgpa[_p° rhfp°^ L$ep£ [° dgD_ R>° A_° S>°Z° Ap Ad°∞ rhgpe[ Agu A.k._u Bdpd[_° L$byg L$fu, [°_p¨ `f AÎgpl_u fl°d[ R>° A_° [°_p Ny_pl dpa \B S>i°.* fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. R>u Agu A.k. Bdpd R>°. A_° [°d_p R>u L$epd[ kyû Bdpd[ Agu A.k._p¨ hïdp¨ fl°i°.

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. My–bA° N]$uf_° ApNm h^pf[p L$ley¨ L$° Agu A.k. dpfp [dpd BÎd_p¨ hpfuk R>°. S>° BÎd AÎgpl° d_ Ap‡ey [° BÎd d° Agu A.k._° Apù ]$u^y¨ R>°. Agu A.k. dy–[L$uAp°_p¨ Bdpd R>°. Ae gp°L$p°! ≈Zu Îep° L$° S>° Agu A.k._u rhgpe[_p° BfiL$pf L$f_pfp° R>°, AÎgpl [°_° L$epf°e dpa _lu L$f° A_° [°_p dpV$° l¨d°ip l¨d°ip_p° S>lfi_d_p° ]$]Æ$_pL$ ATpb R>°, S>°_y¨ B¨^Z Bfikp_ A_° ’\fp° R>°.

S>° Ap L$p•g_° f]$ L$f° (A°V$g° L$° Agu A.k. _° fkyg° My]$p k.A.h.

`R>u hgu A_° Bdpd _ dp_°) [p° [° dgD_ dgD_ R>°. [° dNT|b dNTyb R>°. dNTyb A°V$g° S>°_p f AÎgpl_p° ATpb _pTug \ep° R>° [°. R>u fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. A° Agu A.k._p b¨_° lp\ L$X$u_° gp°L$p° kdn bg¨]$ L$fu_° L$ley¨ L$° Ap Agu A.k. L$° S>°_p° d° lp\ L$X$ep° R>°, [° .

""d_ Ly$fi[p° dÏgplp° a lpTp AguËey_ dp•gp''S>°_p° S>°_p° ly¨ dp•gp Ry>¨, [°_p Ap Agu A.k. dp•gp R>° A_° [° Agu

BÂ_° Abu [pgub A.k. dpfp cpB, dpfp hku R>°, S>°_y¨ rhgpe[_y¨ A°gp_ L$fhp_y¨ AÎgpl° dpfp D`f _pTug L$eyÆ l[y.

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. A° Agu A.k.\u gB_° B.Tdp_p B.dl]$u A.k.\u kyû [dpd Bdpdp°_u Bdpd[ A_° rhgpe[_y¨ A°gp_ L$eyÆ. (h^y rhN[ dpV$° My–bA° Nq]$f hp¨Qhp Ny≈fui) (b°lpÍ$g Afihpf cpN-37 `°S>.204 \u 211)

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h.A° p°[p_p Aılpbp°_° afdpÏey¨, b°iL$ AÎgpl [ApgpA° [dp°_° Agu A.k._u rhgpe[_u B[pA[ A_° efhu L$fhp_p° lyL$d Ap‡ep° R>°, [°\u [° dpfp `R>u hgu A_° Bdpd R>° [°d_u dyMpg°a[ lfNuT _lu L$f[p, _lu[f [d° L$pauf \B S>ip°, [°d_p\u Sy>]$p _lu \[p _lu¨[f Nydfpl \B S>ip°. (ApdpguA° ky]y$L$ A.f. °.359/443)

Agu A.k._u rhgpe[_p A°gp_ R>u Ly$ApÆ_° d∆]$_u Ap Ape[ _pTug \B ky.dpA°]$pl Ape[ _¨.3 / Ag eÏd AL$dgπ[p° gLy$d ]$u_p° L|$d h A[ ddπ[p° AgeL|$d _°Ad[u.. d° ApS>_p¨ q]$hk° [dpfp dpV$° ]$u__° k¨`|ZÆ L$fu ]$u^p° A_° [dpfp dpV$° _°Ad[p°_° k¨`|ZÆ L$fu ]$uû h fTue[p° gLy$dyg Bıgpd ]$u_p [dpfp dpV$° ]$u_° Bıgpd k¨]$ L$fu ]$u^p°.

Bdpd[_p° AL$u]$p° Myb dl–h_p° AL$u]$p° R>°. S>°dL$° A°L$ l]$ukdp¨ fkyg° ky]$p k.A.h. afdph° R>°. ""[dpfp dp¨\u L$p°B dpZk lpX$p°_p S>°V$gp Apdpg gB_° L$epd[_p¨ q]$hk° Aph°, `Z [°_u `pk° rhgpe[° Agu BÂ_° Abu [pgub A.k. _ lp°e [p° My]$p [°_° D¨^p dp°Y$° S>lfi_ddp¨ _pMu ]$°i°.'' (b°lpÍ$g Afihpf)

(39) (40)

ANf L$p°B iøk AÎgpl° r_eyL$[ L$f°gp Bdpdp°_u Bdpd[_p° AL$u]$p° _ ^fph[p° lp°e, [p° [° S>lfi_du R>°. S>° hp[ Ap hpL$°Ap\u kprb[ \pe R>°.

A°L$ hM[ A°L$ iøk B.dp°lÁd]$ bpL$uf A.k. `pk° Aph° R>° A_° L$l° R>° L$° dp•gp ly¨ Ap`_p° Qplhp hpmp° Ry>¨, Ap`_° Bdpd° bflL$ dp_y Ry>¨. f¨[y dpfp r`[p L$° S>°_p° ldZp Bfi[°L$pg \B Nep°, [° b_u DdËep_p¨ Bdpdp°_° Bdpd dp_[p l[p. [°Ap° Ap`_° Bdpd dp_[p _ l[p. ly¨ Ap`_u Bdpd[dp¨ dp_[p° lp°hp\u [°Ap° d_° ]y$Ìd_ fpM[p l[p. [°Z° d_° hpfkp° _ dm° [° dpV° [dpd hı[y_° Ry>`phu ]$uû. S>°\u d_° hpfkp° _ dm°. dpfu lpg[ A°L$]d Nfub R>°. Bdpd A.k. A° L$ley¨ iy¨ [y¨ Qpl° R>° L$° [_° [pfp r`[p_p° hpfkp° M≈_p° dm°? ep dp•gp lp `R>u Bdpd A.k. [°_° A°L$ rQÃ$u gMu Ap`° R>° A_° L$l° R>° L$° [y¨ agpZu S>¡epA° ≈, A_° –ep¨ S>B_° AhpS> Ap`S>°, A°L$ iøk Aphi° [°_° [y¨ Ap rQÃ$u Ap`S>°. [° eyhp_ Nep°, Bdpd A._p¨ lyL$d dyS>b Adg L$ep£. A°L$ Adpdp l°fgp iøk ApÏep. [° eyhp_° [°d_° rQÃ$u Apù, [°dZ° L$ley L$° ly¨ ldZp [pfp r`[p_° gB_° Aphy Ry>¨. \p°X$uhpfdp¨ [°Ap° A°L$ L$pmp L$p°gkp S>°hp rblpdZp iøk_° gB_° ApÏep. d° L$ley¨ Ap dpfp r`[p _\u. [p° [°dZ° L$ley. ApS> [pfp r`[p R>°. `f¨[y ATpb_p¨ L$pfZ° [°_u Ap lpg[ \B. R>u [°_p r`[pA° [°_p y” k¨bp°û_° L$ley b°V$p ! ly¨ b_u DdËep_p Bdpdp°_° Bdpd dp_[p° l[p°. S>°_p L$pfZ° dpfp D`f ATpb \B flep° R>°, [y S>°d_u Bdpd[ dp_° R>° [° lL$ R>° A_° `°gp M≈_p° d° hpX$udp¨ agpZp h©n _uQ° ]$pV$ep° R>°. [° [y¨ gB g°°S>° (b°lpf D]yÆ$ B.dp°.bpL$uf A.k_p ∆h_ rhi°) [p° Ap hpL$°Ap b[ph° R>° L$° S>° AÎgpl° r_eyL$[ L$f°gp Bdpdp°_° _\u dp_[p°, [p° [° S>lfi_du R>°.

ApS>° Ap`Z° dp•gp AÂbpk_p¨ dkpA°b_p° qTæ$ L$fuiy¨.lyk•_ (A.k.) _° dp•gp AÂbpk L$p° Í$Mk[ L$uep Ap•f Í$Mk[ L$f L$°

b•W$ NA° lyk•_ (A.k.). AÂbpk (A.k.) d•]$p_d° NA°, gX$°, Tødu lyh°. ip_° L$gd lyh°, Ap¨Mp°¨d° [uf gNp, diL$uTp f [uf gNp, p_u blp,

kf `f NyfT `X$p, [•hfpL$° Tdu_ `f Nuf `X$°, AphpT ]$u, ApL$p A`_° NygpdL$u Mbf gu∆A°. AÂbpk (A.k.) L$u S>b AphpT ApB [p° lyk•_ (A.k.) _° L$lp, AÂbpk (A.k.), [°f° df_°_° d°fu L$df [p°X$ ]$u, AÂbpk (A.k.) [°f° df_°L$° bpA]$ d°f° guA° []$bufL$u fpl°¨ b¨]$ lp° NB. AÂbpk (A.k.) [yÁlpf° bpA]$ Tp°Aa dl°kyk L$f flp ly¨. d°fu Ly$Ïh[ AÂbpk (A.k.), [yd L$lp¨ Qg° NA°? Qg° lyk•_ (A.k.) Qg[° Qg[° lyk•_ (A.k.) Í$L$ NA°. Í$L$L$° L$lp, AL$bf Af° d°f° cpBL$p L$V$p lyhp lp\ Tdu_ f X$p l•, AL$bf (A.k.) D[f° Ap•f AÂbpk (A.k.) L$° L$V$° lyh° lp\p°¨L$p° DW$pep, lyk•_ (A.k.) _° L$g°S>°k° gNpep. \p°X$u ]|$f Ap•f ApN° Qg° L$° A°L$ df[bp auf lyk•_ (A.k.) Í$L$ NA°. ]|$kfp lp\cu kpd_° Ap Nep \p. ]$p°_p°¨ lp\ DW$p guA° AL$bf (A.k.) _°, ]$p°_p°¨ lp\ gpL$° ]$° ]$uA°. lyk•_ (A.k.) _° ]$p°_p°¨ lp\p°¨L$p° L$g°S>°k° gNp guep. bp` b°V$° Qg[° fl°, hlp¨ `f `lp°¨Q NA° S>lp¨ Tdu_ f Aby [yfpb (A.k.) L$p b°V$p AÂbpk Agd]$pf (A.k.) Tdu_ f Apfpd L$f flp \p, L$•k°?

ip_° _lu l•, kf V|L$X$° V|$L$X$° l•, kfk° M|_ blp l•, Ap¨Mp°¨d° M|_ S>d Nep l•, A°L$ Ap¨Md° M|_ S>d Nep l•, A°L$ Ap¨Md° [uf gNp lyhp l•. lyk•_ (A.k.) Op°X$°k° D[f°. lyk•_ (A.k.) L$•k° D[f°, d°f° pk [kÏhyf _lu¨ l•, d°f° pk AÎapT _lu¨ l•. d•¨ _lu¨ kp°¨Q kL$[p ly¨ L$° S>b lyk•_ (A.k.) Op°X$°k° D[f° lp°¨N° [p° L$•k° lp\p°¨L$p° k¨cpgp lp°¨Np AÂbpk (A.k.) L$° ? L$•k° A`_° L$g•S>°L$p° k¨cpgp lp°¨Np, Ap•f L$•k° A`_u _uNplL$p° k¨cpg L$° A`_° Tødu AÂbpk (A.k.) L$p° ]$°Mp lp°¨Np ? Ap•f S>b Tødu AÂbpk (A.k.) L$p° ]$°Mp lp°¨Np [p° `|fu [pfuM ep]$ Ap NB lp°¨Nu. lyk•_ (A.k.) b•W$ NA°, b•W$L$° L$lp, AÂbpk (A.k.)

bk, Dk gaTd° ]$]Æ$L$u kpfu ]y$r_ep S>dp \u. A°L$ df[bp AÂbpk (A.k.) _° L$lp, dp•gp (A.k.) Tufi]$Nu L$u ApMfu [L$gua ]$°_p Qpl[p ly¨. ANf d°f° lp\ kgpd[ lp°[° [p° _p ]$°[p [L$gua.

df_°k° `l°g° ApL$p A°L$ df[bp Ap`L$p° ]$°M_p Qpl[p ly¨. lp\ L$V$

(41) (42)

NA° l•¨, ip_° L$gd lp° NA° l•¨, A°L$ Ap¨Md° [uf l•, A°L$ Ap¨Md° kfL$p M|_ S>dp l•. bk, d°f° ApL$p, [L$gua L$u∆A°. S>°bk° Í$dpg _uL$pguA°, M|_ kpa L$f ]$u∆A°. df_°k° `l°g° d•¨ A°L$ df[bp Ap`L$p Í$A° A_hf ]$°M gy¨. d•¨ Ap`L$p Ql°fp dybpfL$ ]$°M gy¨, Ap`L$u Tuepf[ L$f gy¨ Ap•f ]$d [p°X$ ]y$¨.

lyk•_ (A.k.) _° M|_ kpa L$uep. AÂbpk (A.k.) _° Ap¨M°¨ Mp°gu. bk, A°L$lu d°f° `pk S|>dgp l• Ap•f hp° Sy>dgp e° l•, L$° AÂbpk (A.k.) _° Ap¨M Mp°gu [p° lyk•_ (A.k.) L$u Ap¨Mp°¨k° Ap¨kyAp°¨L$u bfkp[ iyÍ$ lp° NB. i°f dyıLy$fpep, dyıLy$fpL$° ]$d [p°X$p Ap•f ]$d [p°X$[° [p°X$[° L$lp, dp•gp (A.k.) bk, A°L$ L$pd L$u∆A°Np. d°fp kf A`_° L$]$dp°¨d° fl°_° ]$u∆A°¨Np, d°fp kf A`_u Np°]$ud° _p fMuA°¨Np. lyk•_ (A.k.) _° L$lp, d°°f° cpB, d•¨_° [p° lf ilu]$L$p kf A`_u Np°]$d° føMp l•, [yÁlpfp kf Np°]$° L$ey¨ _p føMy¨ ?

L$lp, dp•gp (A.k.) L$]$dp°¨d° fl_° ]$u∆A°. Af° dyS>° e° [kÏhyf b°Q•_ L$f flp l•. Ap` d°fp kf Np°]$d° fM g°¨N°. dNf S>b iud∞L$p M¨Sf Qg flp lp°¨Np, d°f° Bdpd (A.k.) L$° kfL$° _uQ° L$ukuL$u Np°]$ _p lp°¨Nu, AÂbpk (A.k.) _° ]$d [p°X$ ]$uep. lyk•_ (A.k.) dp[d L$f[° fl°, Agd g° L$° `gV$°. Mepdd° L$p°lfpd dQ Nep. hp AÂbpkp, hp AguËep, hp dykub[p, hp Nyfb[p, hp lyk•_p, hp lyk•_p. kepAgdygπ gTu_p Tgdy AËep dyfiL$g°bue efiL$g°by_.

dS>guk -9 Agu A.k. \u dp°lÂb[ A_° S>.Agu AL$bf A.k. _p dkpA°b.

buıduâp luf fldp _uf flud. L$pg fkygyÎgpl (k.A.h.) ""ep Agu ! lyÂbp°L$ Bdp_y_ h by¡Tp°L$ Ly$‰y_ h r_apL$y_, h AÏhgp°

dËe]$πMp°g S>fi_[ dp°rlÂbp°L$ h AÏhgp° d_ e]$πMp°gfi_pf dyfiN°°Tp°L$'' (aykykyg dp°qlÁdp `°.127) (kghp[)

fkyg k.A.h. afdph° R>°. ep Agu lyÂbp°L$ Bdp_. ep Agu [dpfu dp°lÂb[ Bdp_ R>°. h by¡Tp°L$ h r_apLy_$. A_° [dpfp\u ]y$Ìd_u Ly$‰ Ly$‰y_

A_° r_apL$ R>°. ep Agu ! [dpfp\u dp°lÂb[ L$f_pfp kp•\u l°gp S>fi_[dp¨ ]$pMg \i°, A_° [dpfp ]$yÌd_p° S>lfi_ddp¨ kp•\u l°gp ]$pMg \i°.

Ap l]$uk° dybpf°L$p b[ph° R>° L$° dp°rlÂb° Agu dp°Adu_ R>°, A_° ]y$Ìd_° Agu dy_praL$ R>°.

Agu A.k._p¨ iuep S>fi_[dp¨ kp•\u `l°gp ]$pMg \i°. Agu A.k._p¨ ]y$Ìd_p° S>lfi_ddp¨ kp•\u l°gp ]$pMg \i°.

bu∆ A°L$ l]$uk° dybpf°L$pdp¨ fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. afdph° R>°. My]$ph¨]$° Apgd° S>fi_[A° gp°L$p° D`f lfpd L$fu ]$u^u R>°, S>° gp°L$p° dpfu A°lg°b•[ A.dy.k. `f TyÎd L$f°, ep [°d_° L$–g L$f° ep [°d_u kp\° S>¨N L$f° ep [°d_p D`f lydgp° L$f° ep [°d_° Npmp° Ap`°. Ap l]$uk_° kyfi_u Apgud° e_pbuDg dp°h]$π]$[ cpN-2 °.38 f gMu R>°.

Ap l]$uk_u fp°i_udp¨ :1. A°lg°b•[ D`f TyÎd L$f_pfp Tpgudp° D`f S>fi_[ lfpd R>°. S>°Z° rbfi[° fkyg k._p° Of_p° ]$fhp≈° kmNpÏep°, S>°Z° S>.dp°lku__° [°d_u dp[p_p¨ `°V$dp¨ S> ilu]$ L$fu ]$u^p.2. A°lg°b•[ A._p¨ L$p[ugp° S>lfi_du R>°. Agu A._p° L$p[ug BÂ_° dygTud (g.A.) B.lk_ A.k._p L$p[ug dp°Ahuep (g.A.) A_° ≈°A]$p (g.A.), B.lyk•_ A.k._p° L$p[ug eTu]$ BÂ_° dp°Aphuep (g.A.), BÂ_° qTep] (g.A.)$, iud∞ (g.A.), lyfdgp (g.A.) hN°f°.. [°d_p¨ D`f S>fi_[ lfpd R>°. AÎgpl [. [°Ap°_p ATpbdp¨ h^pfp° L$f°.3. S>°Z° A°lg°b•[ kp\° S>¨N L$fu. A°V$g° L$° S>¨N° S>dg A_° S>¨N° _°lfhp_dp¨ Agu A.k._u rhÍ$¬^ S>¨N L$f_pfpAp°, A_° B.lyk•_ A.k._p M•dp D`f lydgp° L$f_pfpAp° D`f S>fi_[ lfpd R>°. 4. A_° [° gp°L$p° A°V$g° L$° dp°Aphuep A_° dp°Aphuep_p¨ lyL$d\u Agu A.k._° Npmp° Ap`_pfpAp° D`f Sfi_[ lfpd R>°. [°Ap° dpV$° l¨d°i_p° S>lfi_d_p° ATpb R>°.

Ap b° l]$uk_u fp°i_udp¨ ≈°ey¨ L$° A°lg°b•[ A.dy.k. \u dp°lÂb[

(43) (44)

L$f_pf S>fi_[u R>°. A_° [°d_p ]y$Ìd_p° S>lfi_du R>°.A°lg°b•[_p¨ Qplhphpmp L$°hp lp°e R>° ? Aphp° Ap`Z° A°L$ hpL$°Ap°

≈°BA°. Ap hpL$°Ap° d≈g°kyg dy–[L$u_ qL$[pbdp¨\u _L$g L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep° R>°. S>°_° dflyd lp∆_p∆ kpl°b° p°[p_u qL$[pb ilp]$[yg Ahguep_p¨ °S> _¨.84 \u 87 D`f hZÆÏep° R>°.

A°L$ hM[ dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[ Agu A.k. Ly$apdp¨ A°L$ il°f_u Ngudp¨\u `kpf \B flep l[p. ≈°ey¨ [p° A°L$ L$_uT fX$u flu l[u. dp•gpA° [°_° yR>ey¨ [y¨ ip dpV$° fX$° R>°? [° Ap•f[ fX$[p fX$[p bp°gu, ly¨ dpfu i°W$pZu dpV$° Np°Ì[ g°hp NB l[u. [°Zu A° L$ley L$° Ap Np°Ì[ kpÍ$ _\u, Ap `pRy> ]$B_° buSy> kpÍ$ Np°Ì[ gB Aph. ly¨ Np°Ì[ h°Q_pf `pk°\u ”Z hM[ Np°Ì[ b]$gu_° kpÍ$ Np°Ì[ gphu [p° `Z dpfu i°W$pZu_° [° `k¨]$ _ ApÏey. ”u∆ hM[° Np°Ì[ b]$gu hM[° [°Z° d_° L$ley L$° lh° afu `pR>u _lu Aph[u, ly¨ AduÍ$g dp°Ad°_u__u L$kd MpB_° L$ly¨ Ry> L$° lh° Np°Ì[ b]$gu _lu ]$D. ly¨ Of° NB, [p° i°W$pZu d_° afu L$ley Ap Np°Ì[ kpÍ$ _\u, b]$gu_° Aph, _lu¨[f ly¨ [_° k≈ L$fui. lh° ly¨ iy¨ L$Í$? L$ıkpb Np°Ì[ b]$gu _lu ]$°e A_° Of° ≈h [p° dpfu i°W$pZu d_° dpfi°.

Agu A.k. [° L$_uT_° gB_° [° Np°Ì[ h°Qhp hpmp pk° Aph° R>°. [° dp•gp_p° Qplhphpmp l[p° A_° dp•gp_u qTepf[_u [dfi_pdp¨ d]$u_p\u Ly$ap ApÏep° l[p°°. [°Z° Agu A.k._° ≈°ep _ l[p, [°\u [° dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[_° Ap°mM[p° _ l[p°.

Bdpd A.k. [° L$_uT_° gB_° [°_u Np°Ì[_u ]y$L$p_° ≈e R>° A_° afdph° R>°, Ae iøk [° kp¨c˝ey¨ li° L$° S>° dp°Adu__° Myi L$f°, [°_° My]$p Myi L$f° R>°. [°_° My]$p ]p°ı[ fpM° R>°. A–epf° [y Ap rbQpfu L$_uT_° Np°Ì[ b]$gu ]$°.

[°Z° L$ley Ae Afb! d° Ap L$_uT_° ”Z hM[ Np°Ì[ b]$gu ]$u^y¨ A_° ”u∆ hM[ d° L$kd Mpû R>° L$° ly¨ [°_° Np°Ì[ _lu b]$gu ]$D. lTf[° afdpÏey¨ L$° ly¨ ≈du_ \pD Ry>¨ L$° AÎgpl [pfp\u L$kd_p° b]$gp° _lu g°e. Ap

kp¨cmu_° [° L$ıkpb_° Nyıkp° Aphu Nep° A_° lTf[_u R>p[u [fa lp\ dpfu_° L$ley¨ L$° dpfu ]y$L$p_ f\u QpÎep ≈h. [d° dpfp L$pddp¨ ip dpV$° ]$Mg L$fp° R>p°? dp•gp Qy` Qp` –ep¨\u pR>p aepÆ A_° L$_uT_° L$ley L$° Qpg ly [pfu i°W$pZu `pk° Aphy A_° [pfu cgpdZ L$Í$, L$]$pQ [pfu Mp[y_ dpfu cgpdZ_° L$byg L$f°.

Bdpd A.k. [° L$_uT_u kp\° [°_u dprgL$_p¨ Of° ApÏep, A_° ]$fhp≈° MMX$pÏep° [p° [° L$_uT_u i°W$pZu L$° S>° A°ld]$bu_ lk_ Ly$au_u `–_u l[u. [°Z° S>epf° Bdpd A._° ≈°ep [p° Ap`_p¨ L$]$dp°dp¨ `X$u NB. Bdpd A.k.A° afdpÏey¨ L$° L$_uT° My]$p [° kp¨c˝ey¨ li° L$° S>lfi_ddp¨ A°L$ MuZ R>°, S>°_y¨ _pd NTbp_ R>°. Ap (ATpb_u) MuZdp¨ S>° gp°L$p° [°d_p Nygpd, L$_uTp° D`f TyÎd L$f[p li°, [°_° fpMhpdp¨ Aphi°, iy¨ Ap L$_uT dpV$° ApV$gy L$pau _\u ? L$° [° b° lpL$ud_u [pb°]$pfu L$f°, A°L$ My]$p_u [pb°]$pfu A_° bu∆ [dpfp gp°L$p°_u [pb°]$pfu. Ap kp¨cmu_° [° L$_uT_u i°W$pZu bp°gu L$° dp•gp Ap`_p L$]$dp°dp¨ dpfu ≈_ Ly$fbp_, d° Ap L$_uT [d_° c°V$dp¨ Apù ]$uû. dp•gpA° L$ley. d° Ap L$_uT_° fpl°My]$pdp¨ ApTp]$ L$fu ]$uû.

[°S> kdedp¨ _dpT° Tp°lf_p° kde _S>q]$L$ l[p°. lyTeapA° edp_u Agu A.k._° ip°^[p ip°^[p [° Np°Ì[ h°Q_pfp_u ]y$L$p_° ApÏep A_° yR>ey¨ L$° AduÍ$g dp°Ad°_u_ [pfu ]y$L$p_° ApÏep l[p, [°Ap° L$B [fa Nep ? [° ]$u_]$pf A_° My]$p `fı[ iøk° L$ley L$ep¨ ly¨ A_° L$ep¨ dp•gp ? dpfu A°hu [L$]$uf L$ep¨ L$° dpfu ]y$L$p_° dp•gp [ifua gph° ? ly¨ [p° d]$u_p\u dp•gp_u qTepf[ dpV$° Ly$ap ApÏep° Ry>¨.

lyTeapA° L$ley¨ L$° [y¨ iy¨ L$l° R>° ? `°gu L$_uT_u cgpdZ L$fhp S>° iøk [pfu `pk° ApÏep l[p, [° S> [p° [pfp dp•gp A_° [pfp Bdpd AduÍ$g dp°Ad°_u_ l[p. S>epf° Ap Np°Ì[ h°Q_pf° Ap kp¨c˝ey¨ [p° A°L$ ]$d X$fu Nep° A_° NdNu_ A_° f¨∆]$p \ep°. ]y$L$p_ f\u D[fu_° [° S>du_ f Apmp°V$hp gp¡ep° A_° ≈°f ≈°f \u fX$hp gp¡ep° A_° L$l°[p° l[p° L$° lpe Aakp°k k]$ Aakp°k ly¨ dpfp dp•gp_° Ap°mMu _ iL$ep°. fX$[p fX$[p aL$ufp°_° bp°gpÏep

(45) (46)

A_° L$ley dpfu ]y$L$p_ `f_u [dpd hı[y d° [dpfp dpV$° lgpg L$fu ]$uû, S>° hı[y ≈°h° [° gB Îep°. dpfp dpV$° ]y$fiep lfpd \B NB.

`R>u [° iøk° `p°[p_p lp\ [fa ≈°ey A_° L$l°hp gp¡ep°. Ap A° S> lp\ R>°, S>°Z° dp•gp\u kp\° b° A]$bu L$fu. Ap lp\ dpf° _\u ≈°[p°, Dcp° \pe R>° A_° `p°[p_u ]y$L$p_ `f\u dp°V$u R>fu gB_° `p°[p_p° lp\ L$pù _pM° R>°. L$`pA°gp lp\ dp¨\u gp°lu _uL$mu fley R>°. `p°[p_p L$`pA°gp lp\_° gB_° \p°X$p° ]|f bg¨]$ S>¡ep `f ≈e R>°. L$d≈°fu _p L$pfZ° `X$u ≈e R>°, My_dp¨ g\`\ ≈fp° L$[pf fX$u flep° R>°. gp°L$p° Z [°_° ≈°B_° fX$u flep R>°.

bu∆ bpSy> dp•gpA° L$pA°_p[ _dpT [dpd L$f° R>°, B.lk_ A.k. afdph° R>° L$° dpfp hpgu]$_p Q°lfp_p° f¨N A°L$]$d b]$gu Nep° A_° L$l°hp gp¡ep. b°V$p lk_ dpfu Abp gB_° S>Î]$u ≈h, Adpfp A°L$ ]$p°ı[° Adpfu fpldp¨ p°[p_p° lp\ L$pù _pøep° R>°. [°_° gB_° dpfu pk° Aphp°.

B.lk_ A.k. [°_u pk° Aph° R>°, [° iøk° S>epf° B.lk_ A.k._° ≈°ep [p° Bdpd_p L$]$dp°dp¨ `X$u ≈e R>°. Bdpd A.k.A°[°_p lp\ D`f Abp _pMu ]$uû A_° L$ley¨ L$° dpfp hpgu]$° byTyNÆhpf° [_° bp°gph° R>°. [° iøk L$l° R>° L$° L$ep dp°Y$° ly¨ Bdpd pk° Aphy¨. L$pi ly¨ A¨^ lp°[° [p° b°l[f lp°[°. `f¨[y dpfp dp•gp_p lyL$d R>°, [p° ly¨ Aphy Ry>¨. \p°Xy$ Qpg° R>°. [p° L$d≈°fu_p¨ L$pfZ° `X$u ≈e R>°. S>epf° Aphhpdp¨ dp°Xy$ \ey¨ [p° b°[pb \B_° AduÍ$g dp°Adu_u_ My]$ [°_° g°hp Aph° R>°. ≈°h° R>°, [p° [° dpV$u `f `X$ep° R>°. dp•gp [°_° Np°]$dp¨ gB_° dl°fbp_u A_° iaL$[ \u `yR>° R>°. [° [pfp lp\_° ip dpV$° L$pù _pøep° ? d° [p° [_° [° hM[° dpa L$fu ]$u^p° l[p°.

dp•gpA° [°_p L$`pA°gp lp\_° ≈°X$u ]$u^p°, gp°Apb° ]$l_ gNpX$u_° AÎgpl [Apgp\u ]y$Ap L$fu. [f[ S> [°_p° lp\ kpfp° \B Nep°, A_° [°_p lp\ D`f S>ød_y¨ L$p°B r_ip_ Z bpL$u _ l[y¨. (kghp[)

lpe ! L$fbgpdp¨ ]y$Ìd_p°A° hL$[_p¨ Bdpd, fkyg° My]$p k.A.h. _p¨ _hpkp Agu A.k._p¨ _yf° _Tf, S> ap[°dp k.A._p¨ gø[° ∆Nf_° D`f L°hp TyÎdp° L$ep°Æ. ApS> ld Agu AL$bf A.k.L$° dkpA°b L$p qTæ$ L$f°N°.

Agu AL$bf (A.k.) [•epf lp°[° l•. bpbp dyS>° d•]$p_d° ≈_°L$u B≈T[ ]$u∆A°. S>b b°V$p bp`k° B≈T[ dp¨N[p l• [p° Bdpd (A.k.) L$l°[° l•, dyS>k° `l°g° A`_u ayauL$° `pk ≈Ap°, ∆k_° [ydL$p° bQ`_°k° `pgp l•, l°g° Te_b (k.A.) k° ≈L$° B≈T[ g° ApAp°.

Agu AL$bf (A.k.) M•d°d° ApA° Ap•f S>b Med°d° e° Mbf a•gu L$° AL$bf (A.k.) ≈ fl° l•, [p° kpf° e[ud S>dp lp° NA°, kpfu b°hpA°¨ S>dp lp° NB, kpf° ATuT S>dp lp° NA°, kpf° A`_° S>dp lp° NA° Ap•f kbk° Tuep]$p L$fub Te_b (k.A.) MX$u l•, Te_b (k.A.) k° B≈T[ pB, d°]$p_L$° guA° Qg°. dNf S>b Qg[° \° [p° L$u[pbd° B–_p auL$fp TÍ$f dug[p l•, L$° AL$bf (A.k.) M•d°L$p f]$p DW$p[° \° _uL$g_°L$° guA° Ap•f Ap•f[°¨ fp°L$ g°[u¨ \u. M•d°L$p f]$p auf Nuf ≈[p \p. ApMufd° AL$bf (A.k.) _uL$g°. S>•k° cf° Ofk° L$p°B S>_pTp _uL$g[p l• h•k°lu S>hp_ _uL$gp. AL$bf (A.k.) Ap¨ky `p°¨R>[° lyh°, ]$ug k¨cpg° lyh° bp`L$° `pk ApA°. bpbp, Ap` B≈T[ ]$° ]$°¨, kbk° Íøk[ lp° QyL$p ly¨. lyk•_ (A.k.) _° cu Í$Mk[ L$f ]$uep.

AL$bf (A.k.) NA°, gX$L$° A°L$ df[bp hpùk ApA°, ]y$bpfp auf d•]$p_d° NA°, ≈L$° gX$° Ap•f gX$[° gX$[° hp° hL$[ Ap Nep L$° A°L$ dgD__°, AL$° iL$u_°, AL$° S>Îgp]$_°, A°L$ k¨N]$ug_° Agu AL$bf (A.k.) L$° ku_°L$p _uip_p g°L$° `yfu [pL$[k° _°Tp dpfp. _°Tp ku_° `f `X$p. _°Tp L$g°S>°d° D[f[p Qgp Nep.

]$ughpgp°, Ap•gp]$hpgp°¨, L$g°≈ fM_°hpgp°¨ d°fu gaTp°¨L$p° ky_p° Ap•f kp°¨Qp°. _°Tp dpf_°hpg°_° S>b _°Tp hpùk _uL$pg_p Qplp, AL$bf (A.k.) L$° L$g°S>°k° Ap•f _°T°k° ]$°f [L$ gX$pB lp°[u flu. elp¨ [L$ L$° ag V|$V$L$° L$g°S>°d° fl° Nep Ap•f _°Tp V|$V$L$° bplf _uL$g Apep. kp°Qp°, kp°Qp°. L$u–_u bpf _°Tp Mu¨Qp lp°¨Np Ap•f _lu¨¨ _uL$gp lp°¨Np. L$u[_u ATue[ lyB lp°¨Nu, L$ep Tl°d[ lyB lp°¨Nu, L$ep [L$gua lyB lp°¨Nu?

L$•k° kpbufL$° b°V$°_° kb∞ L$uep lp°¨Np. g°L$u_ S>b _°Tp V|$V$L$° _uL$gp,

(47) (48)

AL$bf (A.k.) kdS> NA°, Ab d•¨ p°X$° f _lu¨ k¨cg kL$[p. A`_°L$p° Nufp ]$uep Op°X$°L$u Nf]$_ `f Ap•f Op°X$°L$p° dp°X$ ]$uep. Af° dyS>° bpbp [L$ `lp°¨Qp ]$°, bpbpL$p° _ Ap_p X$°.

Tpgudp°¨_° [ghpf°¨ dpf_p iyÍ$ L$u. elp¨ [L$ L$° AL$bf (A.k.) L$° lp\ Ry>V$ NA°. Tdu_ f Nuf°, Op°X$p MX$p lp° Nep, lyk•_ (A.k.) L$p° AphpT ]$u, bpbp ApMfu kgpd, lyk•_ (A.k.) Qg°, ep Agu (A.k.) , ep Agu (A.k.) AphpT ]$° fl° l•. (AL$bf $A.k.) d•¨ Ap flp ly¨, AL$bf (A.k.) d• Ap fpl ly¨. lyk•_ (A.k.) ApA°, AL$bf (A.k.) k° gu`V$ NA°, AL$bf (A.k.) _° ]$d [p°X$ ]$uep.

]y$Ìd_p°¨L$p dS>dp l•, S>hp_L$u d•e[ l•, ∆kd V|$L$X$° V|$L$X$° l•, bp`_° luÁd[ L$u gpi DW$p_°L$u. L$cu bp`_°, lyk•_ (A.k.) L$° bp`_° ]$f° M•bf DW$pep \p. ApS> Agu (A.k.) L$p gpg AL$bf (A.k.) L$u gpi DW$p flp l•. gpi DW$p g°[° dNf gpi Vy$L$X$° Vy$L$X$° \u. ∆^fk° DW$p[° l• ]y$kfp luıkp _lu¨ k¨cg[p.

A`_° gpgL$p° auf Tdu_ f guV$p ]$uep. Med°L$° ]$fhpT° L$u [fa ÍM L$uep. b_u lpiudL$° b√Qp° ApAp°, ApAp°, ApAp°, lyk•_ (A.k.) L$u d]$]$ L$fp°, AL$bf (A.k.) L$u gpiL$p° klpfp ]$p°. ≈° b√Q° cyM° ‡epk° Nuf[° X$[° Ap kL$[° \°. ApA°. L$uku_° kf L$X$p, L$uku_° •f L$X$°. lyk•_ (A.k.) gpi g° L$° Qg°. S>hp_L$p gpip `lp°¨Qpep, Med°L$p `f]$p DgV$L$° kbk° `l°g° Te_b (k.A.) _uL$gu. A`_°L$p° Nufp ]$uep, d°fu AÃ$pfp kpgL$u dl°_[ l•, [yS>° M|_d° Xy$bp lyhp L$•k° ]°My¨.

kepAgdyg gTu_p Tgdy AËep dyfiL$g°bue efiL$g°b|_.

dS>guk -10 B.lyk•_ A.k._u qTepf[_u aTug[ ib° Apiyf_p¨ dkpA°b.

buıduâp luf fldp _uf flud. L$pg fkygyÎgpl (k.A.h.) ""Bfi_g lyke_ duıbplyg lp°]$p h kau_[yfi_≈['' (kghp[)

ATp]$pfp_° k•e]y$Ìip°l]$p, kgpdy_ AgeL|$d,

[dpd [pfua A_° lÁ]$p° k_p A° dlp_ `fhfq]$Npf AÎgpl dpV$° L$° S>°Z° Ap`Z_° k•e]y$Ìip°l]$p dTgyd° L$fbgp B.lyk•_ A.k._u ATp]$pfu L$fhp_u [p•raL$ Ap`u. Ap dS>guk° ATpA° il°Tp]$u Tlfp k.A._u q]$g_u ApfTy R>°.

fkyg° My]$p k.A.h.A° d°AfpS>dp¨ AiÆ_u bg¨]$u `f gM°gy ≈°ey. ""Bfi_g lyke_ duıbplyg lp°]$p h kau_[yfi_≈['' eL$u__ B.lyke_ A.k. rl]$pe[_p° rQfpN A_° _≈[_u qL$Ì[u R>°. A°V$gy S> _lu¨ `f¨[y A° ]$f°L$ QuS> S>° B.lyke_ A.k.\u dfikyb R>°. S>°dL$° dS>guk° ATp, dp[d° lyke_, MpL$° iap, qTepf[° Apiyfp, qTepf[° B.lyk•_ A.k. Ap ]$f°L$ QuS> Z ql]$pe[_p° rQfpN A_° _≈[_u qL$Ì[u R>°.

ilu]$° Bıgpd qL$[pb_p¨ g°ML$ Ap hpL$°Ap_° _L$g L$f° R>°. A°L$ kËe] TpL$ufA° Ap hpL$°Ap° bep_ L$ep£ l[p°. [° L$l° R>° L$° A°L$ hM[ Ad° rlfi]y$ı[p__p¨ rl¨]$u A_° dp°Ng Thpfp°_u kp\° dy¨bB\u L$fbgp S>hp dpV$° bkfp fhp_p \pe. L$fp¨Qu `kpf \ep `R>u ]$fuepdp¨ A°L$ [p°ap_ ApÏey¨, dp°≈Ap° DR>mhp gp¡ep.

ıV$udf_p dpguL$° Aphu_° L$ley¨ : ıV$udfdp¨ pZu cfpB fley R>°. [d° gp°L$p° L$fbgp B.lyk•_ A.k._u qTepf[ dpV$° ≈h R>p°. [d° gp°L$p° [dpfp Bdpd_u dS>guk X$p° A_° ]y$Ap dp¨Np°. ANf Ap ]q$fep_y¨ [p°ap_ ip¨[ _lu¨ \pe [p° Ap`Z° b^p Xy$bu S>iy¨, L$p°B bQi° _lu.

ly¨ q]$gdp¨ _° q]$gdp¨ ]y$Ap L$fu flep° l[p°, `f¨[y S>epf° ıV$udf Qgph_pf° Apd L$ley, [p° Adp° b^p Myb X$fu Nep. Adp° b^p c°Np \ep `l°gp d° l]$uk° qL$kpA `Y$u, `R>u d° dS>guk `X$u, B.lyk•_ A.k._p¨ ]$]Æ$_pL$ dkpA°b_° bep_ L$epÆ, ATp]$pfp° dp°V$p AhpS>° fX$u flep l[p, lSy> dS>guk `yfu _ \B l[u L$° ]$qfep° ip¨[ \B Nep°. ıV$udf qı\f \B NB. Bdpd_u _S>f° B_pe[ A_° AÎgpl_u d]$]$\u Ad° kp• bQu Nep. (ilu]$° Bıgpd cpN-1 °S>. 526)

Ap hpL$°Ap D`f\u ≈Zhp dm° R>° L$° dS>guk° ATp_u bfL$[\u

(49) (50)

Bfikp__u dykub[p°, rbdpfuAp° ]|$f \B ≈e R>° A_° B.lyk•_ A.k._p TÏhpf_u d]$]$ My]$ Bdpd A.k. L$f° R>°.

eL$u__ B.lyk•_ A.k._u qTepf[ L$fhp_u M|b dp°V$u aTug[ R>°.B.lyke_ A.k._u qTepf[ Y$hp S>hy. ]$f fp°S> qT.Apiyfp_y¨ X$hy

A° Z rl]$pe[_p° rQfpN A_° _≈[_u qL$Ì[u R>°.B.lyke_ A.k._u qTepf[ _p° khpb A_° [°_p ape]$p : B.lyk•_

A.k._u qTepf[ kL$fp[° dp•[ A_° L$epd[_u ]$]Æ$_pL$ [L$guap°\u _≈[ A`ph° R>°. (L$pd°gyT qTepf[ °.150)

TÏhpf° B.lyke_ A.k. dpV$° il°Tp]$u dpµ¨ ap[°dp Tlfp (k.A.) d¡a°f[_u ]$yAp L$f° R>° A_° TpA°f° lyke__p Ny_plp°_° dpa L$fphu ]$° R>°. (B.kpq]$L $A.k.) (L$pd°gyT qTepf[, °.118)

B.lyke_ A.k. afdph° R>° L$° S>°Z° ∆¨]$Nudp¨ dpfu qTepf[ L$fu, [°_p d©–ey `R>u ly¨ [°_u qTepf[ L$fui, ANf [° S>lfi_[dp¨ li°, [p° ly¨ [°_° blpf L$pY$ui) (b°lpf cpN-101, °.16).

L$°V$gu Myi_kubu R>° : TÏhpf° B.lyk•_ A.k._u L$° TpA°f_u L$b∞dp¨ My]$ Bdpd A.k. [ifua gph° R>° d]$]$ L$f° R>°.

B.lyke_ A.k._p¨ TÏhpf_° raipf° L$b∞\u _≈[ dm° R>°.fphu B.dp°lÁd]$ bpL$uf A.k._° B.lyke_ A.k._u qTepf[_p¨

khpb_p¨ bpfpdp¨ khpg `yR>° R>° L$° B.lyke_ A.k._u qTepf[_p° khpb L$°V$gp° ?

B.dp°.bpL$uf A.k.A° S>hpb Ap‡ep°. ""S>° ip°M\u qTepf[ dpV$° S>i°, My]$p [°_° 1000 L$byg \e°g lS>, A°L$ l≈f Ddfpl_p° khpb, A°L$ l≈f fp°Tp]$pf_p° khpb, A°L$ l≈f L$byg \A°gp k]$L$p_p° khpb, fl°d[_p aqfÌ[p [°_p Nyıg L$a_dp¨ lpS>f fl°, [°_p dpV$° Bı[u¡apf L$f°, [°_u L$b∞ rhipm \B ≈e, [°_u L$b∞dp¨ S>fi_[ ky^u_p° A°L$ ]$fhp≈° Mp°gu _pMhpdp¨ Aphi°, S>dZp lp\dp¨ ApAdpg_pdy Ap`hpdp¨ Aphi°. S>°_p\u yhÆ A_° ‚qÚd fp°i_ \B S>i°. (L$pd°gyT qTepf[ °.143)''

lp! ATp]$pfp° ! Ap`Z°A° dTgyd A_° Nfubyg h[_ dp•gp lyk•_ A.k._u qTepf[ dpV$° S>BA° R>uA°, S>°_° ”Z q]$hk_p¨ c|øep A_° ‡epkp ilu]$ L$fu ]$°hpdp¨ ApÏep.

Apiyf L$u fp[L$u bp[ l•. B.lyk•_ A.k. A°L$ Med°k° _uL$g° l•, ipe]$ bl°_L$° Med°k° _uL$g° l•, hkue[° L$fL$° _uL$g° l•. L$fbgpL$° d•]$p_d° A°L$ [fa Qg_p iyÍ$ L$uep l•. d°f° dp•gp (A.k.)_° g°L$u_ Qg[° Qg[° e° dl°kyk lyhp, uR>° uR>°, L$p°B Apluı[p Apluı[p Ap flp l•. Í$L$ NA° lyk•_ (A.k.), Í$L$ ≈_°L$° bp]$ |R>p, L$p•_ l• ≈° Ap flp l• ? Ap_°hpg° _° L$lp, d°¨ lugpg ly, d°¨ Ap`L$p Nygpd ly. A°L$ df[bp lyk•_ (A.k.)_° L$lp, ApAp° ApAp° lugpg ApAp°. lugpg L$fub ApA°. lyk•_ (A.k.)_° lp\ bX$lpL$° A`_p lp\ lugpgL$° lp\d°¨ ]$° ]$uep.

ApAp° lugpg, Ap•f DkL$° bpA]$ D¨Nguk° Bipfp L$uep, Tfp Apkdp_L$u [fa ]$°Mp° [p° Apkdp_L$u [fa ]$°Mp [p° S>fi_[ ]$uMpB ]$° flu l•. L$lp, `l°Qp_p° hp° S>fi_[d° [yÁlpfu S>Np l•, hp° lbub L$u S>Np l•, hp° lyfL$u S>Np l•, hp° Tp°l•fL$u S>Np l•, hp° dyıgudL$u S>Np l•, hp° L$pkudL$u S>Np l•, hp° Ap•_ h dp°lÁd]$ L$u S>Np l•, hp° AkNfL$u S>Np l•, hp° d°fu S>Np l•. lugpg e° S>Np cu `l°Qp_ gp°. S>fi_[L$u S>Np ]$uMp Q|L$p _p ? Ab e° S>N° cu `l°Qp_ gp°. elp¨ [yd ilu]$ lp°N°, Tufi]$NuL$u ApMfu kp¨k gp°¨N°.

lugpg Bk S>N°L$p° `l°Qp_p°, elp¨ d°fp dl°dp_ lyf ]$d [p°X$°¨Np. Bk S>N°L$p° `l°Qp_p°¨. elp¨ D_L$° b°V$°L$u gpi DW$p_°L$° guA° d•¨ ApDNp. d• [kÏhyfL$° klpf° kpfu [akugp[L$p° °i L$f flp. ly¨ Bk S>N°L$p° l°Qp_p°¨ elp¨ d°fp bQ`_L$p kp\u lbub ilu]$ lp°¨Np. Bk S>N°L$p° l°Qp_p°.elp¨ d°fp i°f, d°fp i°fkp cpB AÂbpk (A.k.) ApMfu df[bp dyS>° ]$°M°¨Np Ap•f ]$d [p°X$ ]$°Np. bpA]$ lyk•_ A.k. _° A°L$ S>N° `f Í$L $L$° b[pep, Bk S>N°L$p° `l°Qp_p°, L$pkud (A.k.) elp¨k° dyS>L$p° AphpT ]$° fl° lp°¨N°. Ap•f d•¨ L$pkud (A.k.) [L$ lp°¨Q_p Qpl[p lyNp. g°L$u_ cpN[° lyh° khpfp°¨L$° Op°X$p°L$u V$p¨`°¨ Tufi]$p L$pkud (A.k.) `f `X$[u ≈ flu lp°¨Nu, [p° L$pkud (A.k.)

(51) (52)

AphpT ]$° fl° lp°¨N°, QQp, QQp, QQp Ap•f d•¨ Sb `lp°¨Qy¨Np, L$pkud (A.k.) pdpg lp°¨ Q|L$° lp°¨N°. d]$]$L$p hL$[ M–d lp° Q|L$p lp°¨Np.

lyk•_ (A.k.) Í$L$° Ap•f Í$L$_°L$° bpA]$ A°L$ S>Np lyk•_ (A.k.)_° L$lp, e° S>Np l°Qp_p°, elp¨ AL$bf (A.k.) L$° L$g°S>°k° dyS>° Vy$V$° lyh° _°T°L$p agL$p° _uL$pg_p lp°¨Np. ApMufd° lyk•_ (A.k.) lugpgL$p° guA° lyh° A°L$ _i°bd° D[f° Ap•f D[f_°L$° bpA]$ L$lp, lugpg Bk S>N°L$p° `l°Qp_p°, [yÁlpfp Bdpd (A.k.) ilu]$ lp°¨Np, lyk•_ (A.k.) L$° Ng° `f M¨S>f aufpep ≈A°¨Np.

A°L$ df[bp Bdpd (A.k.)_° ]$°Mp, L$° lugpg ky_[° cu l• Ap•f L$cu ]$pl_° [fa ]$°M g°[° l•, L$cu bplu [fa ]$°M g°[° l•. lyk•_ (A.k.) _° `|R>p L$ep ]$°M fl°lp° lugpg ? dp•gp (A.k.) d°f° L$p_d° L$uku fp°_°hpg°L$u AphpT Ap flu l•. Ap•f ApL$p (A.k.), fp°_°hpgp bX$° ]$]Æ$L$° kp\ fp° flp l•. A•k° ]$]Æ$L$° kp\ fp° flp l• L$° L$g°≈ V|$L$X$° V|$L$X$° lyhp ≈ flp l•. Ly$Ïh[° bf]$pÌ[ S>hpb ]$° flu l•.

d°f° dp•gp (A.k.), d°f° pk gaT°¨ _lu, l•. bk B–_p d•¨ L$l° kL$[p ly¨ L$° S>•k° L$p°B byY$lu dp¨ A`_° S>hp_ b°V$°L$u dËe[ f fp°[u l•, A•k° L$p°B fp° flp l•. lyk•_ (A.k.) _° L$lp lugpg, [yd_° W$uL$ l°Qp_p e° fp°_°hpgp L$p•_ l• ky_p°¨N°? L$lp, lp b[pBe°, dp•gp (A.k.) L$lp, e° d°fu dp¨ ap[°dA° Tl°fp (k.A.) fp° flu l•. ApS> L$fbgpd°¨ fp° flu l•. auf S>lp¨ S>lp¨ d°fp L$V$p lyhp kf ≈A°¨Np, S>lp¨ S>lp¨ gyV$u lyB bl°_°¨ ≈A°¨Nu hlp¨ hlp d°fudp¨ cu fp°[° fp°[° kp\ kp\ ≈A°¨Nu e° ApiyfL$u fp[ \u. ApS> ib° Apiyf l•, ApS> ap[°dp (k.A.) fp° flu l•. ApAp°, `yfkp ]$¨°, AÎgpl ≈_°¨ ANg° kpg L$p•_ ib° Apiyf lp°Np, L$p•_ _lu¨ lp°Np. Ae ApL$p! Nygpdp°¨L$p e° Nd L$byg L$f gu∆A°. ApL$p ib° Apiyfp Ap NB. ld Ap`L$p° fp° _p kL$°¨, Ap`L$p dp[d _p L$f kL$°¨.

dS>guk -11 ipd° Nfubp_p¨ dkpA°b.L$fbgp L$° d•]$p_d° ipd° Nfubp ApB, A°L$ A•ku fp[ L$° ApS> Ly$R>

bep_ L$f_°L$u S>Í$f[ cu dl°kyk _lu lp° flu. Bk L$pA°_p[ L$p kbk° ifua Ofp_p, kbk° BTT[ hpgp Ofp_p, d•]$p_° L$fbgp d° Bk lpg[ d° b•W$p l•, L$° d°f° kp[d° Bdpd L$p afdp_ l•, Aif° Apiyf L$° bp]$ ≈° ldpf° Of ° L$epd[ NyTfu, L$p°B kp°Q cu _lu kL$[p. ≈° A°lg°b•[ \°, hp° ApS> b° b•[ L$° lp° Ne°. k|fS> Xy$bp, A¨^°fp R>p Nep. dNf Te_b° Ly$bfp A`_° gyV$° OfL$p° fp°i_u d° g°L$u b•W$u l•. e° fp°i_u L$lp k° Apeu? L$ep L$p°B N•ef[d¨]$ dykgdp_ rQfpN g° L$° Te_b L$° pk Apep L$° Ae fkyg L$° b°V$u [yÁlpf° kp\ _fil° _fil° b√Q° l°, A¨^°f° d°¨ X$f _ ≈A°, _lu. e° S>g° lyA° M•dp° L$u fp•i_u l•, ∆kd° Te_b gyV$° lyA° Of L$p° g°L$° b•W$u l•. Ab hp° d¨qTg Ap NB L$° S>lp¨ d]$u_° d° cpB k° ≈° hp]$p Te_b_° L$uep \p.

ldpf° bpT Ap°gdp qfhpe[p° L$p° rdgpL$f 28 fS>b L$p° S>b lyk•_ d]u_°k° q_L$g° [p° d° Bk [fl °i L$f[° l• S>b NhÆ_f° d]$u_p L$° dl°g k° d°fp ApL$p hp`k Apep [p° bfpL$° Te_b° Ly$bfp _° yR>p c•ep Bk Tpgud_° [yS>° L$ep° bygpep \p? lyk•_ (A.k.)_° L$lp L$° Te_b (k.) dyS>k° eTu]$ L$u beA[ dp¨Nu NB \u B[_p ky__p l• L$° Te_b_° ObfpL$° L$lp, c•ep [yS>k° Ap•f eTu]$ L$u beA[? [y_° L$ep¨ S>hpb ]$uep ? L$ey¨ L$° lyk•_ A.k. L$p° A°L$ A•kp S>°lp]$ L$f_p l•,∆kd° Te_b L$° bN•f lyk•_ L$pÁepb _lu lp°N° A°L$ d[Æbp L$lp L$° Te_b dyS>k° eTu]$L$u beA[ dp¨Nu NB l• [y `R>[u l• d•_° L$ep¨ S>hpb ]$uep. b[p L$° dyS>° L$ep¨ S>hpb ]$°_p QpluA°, Te_b [X$` L$° L$l°[u l• c•ep [y¨ Bdpd° Tdp_p l•, Bdpd° hL$[ l•, [y¨ Bdpd lp°L$° dyS>k° |R> flp¨ l•, L$ep Te_b (k.) L$p BÁ[°lp_ g° flp l•? dyS>d° Ap•f [ySd° L$ep¨ aLÆ$ l•, ≈° [°fp _p_p l• hp° d°fp _p_p l• ≈° [°fp bpbp l•, hp° d°fp bpbp l•, ≈° [°fu dpµ¨ l•, hp° d°fu dpµ¨ l•, S>p° My_ [°fu f¨Np° d° l•, hp° My_ d°fu fNp° d° l•. ≈° ]|$^ [y_° uep l•, hp° iuf d°fu fTp b_p. L$p°B aLÆ$ l• [p° hp° A°L$ lu l•, lyk•_ L$° kf`° l•]$f° L$fpÆf L$p Adpdp l•, Te_b L$° kf`° b[yg ap[°dp Tlfp (k.) L$u Qp]$f l•. Te_b_° yf° S>gpg L$° kp\ L$lp cËep d_p L$f]$p°.

eTu]$ L$u bAe[ k° d_p L$f]$p°. lyk•__° L$lp BÁ[ulp_ ]$°_p X$°¨Np, bX$p S>°lp]$ L$f_p `X$°¨Np, A•kp S>°lp]$, ≈° A°L$ d°]$p_d°¨ _lu. ]$p° d•]$p_p° d°¨

(53) (54)

gX$_p lp°Np¨. L$fbgp d° cu Ap•f ipd d°¨¨ cu. Agu L$u b°V$u Te_b_° _° L$lp¨, cËep ld Ap•f [y¨ rdgL$f e° S>°lp]$ [e L$f°¨N°. L$fbgp L$p d•]$p_ cu a–l L$f°¨N° Ap•f ipd L$p d•]$p_ cu a–l L$f°¨N°. cËep A•kp L$f L$fbgp L$p d•]$p_ [y¨ A`_° gue° fM g°, ipd L$p d•]$p_ Te_b L$° lhpg° L$f ]$°. L$fbgp d° bl_ [p° cpB L$° kp\ lf S>Nl lp•Nu, B[_p b[p ipdd°¨ [°fu bl_ L$u d]$]$ L$p° Ap¨A°Np ApL$p L$ep¨ S>hpb ]$°, elu L$lp¨ lp°Np bl°_p, d°fu dp≈B Te_b lyk•_ L$p qS>ıd L$fbgp k° _ Ap kL$°¨Np dNf L$V$p lyAp kf _p•L$° _°Tp f ipd L$° bp≈fp° Ap•f ]$fbpfp° d°¨ lf S>Nl [°fu d]$]$ L$f[p _Tf ApA°¨Np. Te_b_° L$lp¨ lp°Np. cËep A•kp L$f° L$° ld gp°N L$pd [L$kud L$fg°, Ap^° L$pd [°f° lhpg°. M•d° L$° A¨]$f L$° L$pd d°f° lhpg°, M•d° L$° bplf L$° L$pd [°f° lhpg° cËep. dy≈rl]$ L$p° [•epf L$fL$° d° cuS>hpD¨Nu, p°X$° ° [y¨ khpf L$fp_p. c•ep gpip [y¨ g° L$° Ap_p, M•d° d° ka° ATp d° buR>p¨DNu cËep A•kp L$f° b√Qp°L$p° cu [L$kud L$f g°, Ap^° b√Q° [°f° lhpg°, Ap^° b√Q° d°f° lhpg°. [y d]Æ$ l• gX$L$° [°f° lhpg°, d• Ap•f[ ly¨ b√Quep¨ d°f° lhpg° cËep Ab AıNf L$° Ng°d°¨ [uf gN°¨Np [p° [°fu Np°]$d°. kL$u_p L$° Í$økpf `° [dpQ° gN°¨N° Ap•f kL$u_p L$° Np°Ìhpf° R>u_°N° [p° Te_bL$u Np°]$d°.

Ap•f hp° hL$[ Ap Nep, ∆kL$p hp]$p L$fL$° bl°_ d]$u_° k° ApB \u. Ab Te_b L$fbgpL$u ipd° Nfubp, Te_b _lu flu 28 fS>b k° ipd° Nfubp [L$ Te_b Te_b \u, Ab Te_b Te_b _ flu S>•ku TÍ$f[ `Y$u elu Te_b L$cu AÂbpk b_u A∆b. A¨]$pT k° g|V$°¨ lyA° L$pa°g° L$p° k¨cpgp.

A°L$ bpf k•e]y$k kpS>°]$u__° L$lp, ayau AÁdp hp° ]$°MuA° _p•L$° _°Tp `f d°f° byY$° bpbp L$p kf D¨Qp L$uep ≈ flp l•. hp° flp d°f° bpbp L$p L$V$p kf Ap•f A°L$ bpf Te_b M•dp° L$° A¨]$f Ap[u l•, k•e]$p_uep° k° L$l°[u l•, Ab Ncfp_p _lu Acu d•• Tu¨]$p ly¨, b√Qp° k° L$lp f°ip_ _ lp°_p Acu d• Tu¨]$p ly¨ lyk•_ L$p L$V$p kf ]$°M L$f Te_b ApB Ap•f b°kf L$p gpip, `l°g° [p° e° kdS> gu∆A° L$° kf L$pV$L$° _p•L$° _°Tp `° b¨g]$ L$uep Nep b°kf L$p gpip hp° L$uk lpg d° \p A°L$ bpf d]$u_° d• L$uku_° yR>p dp•gp kS>≈]$ k° yR>p Ap`L$°

bpbp L$° gpiL$u L$ep lpg[ \u, ApL$p L$° lp\d°¨ A¨NyW$u \u, A¨NyW$u D[pfu, Ap°f q]$Mp L$° L$lp d°f° bpbp L$° ∆ıd `f B[_u S>Np cu bN•f Tødp° L$° _lu \u. e° ≈° A¨NyW$u L$p _Nu_p l• B[_u S>Nl cu d°f° bpbp L$° ∆ıd `f bN°°f° Tødp° L$° _lu¨ \u [ufp° k° R>g_u b°kf L$p gpip L$fbgp L$u S>g[u f°[u f X$p l• Ap•f kyfS> Xy$b flp l•.

A°L$ bpf Te_b L$° L$p_d°¨ Op°X$° ]$p•X$_° L$u AphpT ApB. AÁdp auTTp d°fp cËep [p° dpfp Nep. Ab e° Op°X$° L$uk gue°, auTTp blpf _uL$gu A°L$ A∆b d¨Tf ]$°Mp. Ddf° kA]$ _° lyL$d ]$uep. Op°X$p° L$p° [•epf L$fp°, B_ gpip° ° p°X$° ]$p°¨X$°N°, bk e° d¨Tf ]$°M_p. lyf L$u ap•S> A°L$ bpf Ddf° kA]$ L$° _T]$uL$ ApB Ap•f L$lp, ldpf° ApL$p _° bX$u Ng[u L$fu, dNf hp° dpfp Nep _p, Dk° kTp rdg NB. Ab ld Dk L$° gpi° L$u [p•lu_ bf]$pÌ[ _lu L$f kL$[°. Ddf° kp]$_° L$lp Dkk° d°fp L$ep¨ TNX$p \p, g° ≈Ap° DkL$p gpip. lbub BÂ_° dTplufL$p L$bugpA° b_u Ak]$ Apep. Ae Ddf° kp]$, e° ldpf° L$bug° L$p fl°_° hpgp, ldpf° Nef[L$° Mugpa l° L$° BkL$p gpip pdpg lyAp Ddf° kA]$ L$lp, lbubk° cu d°fp L$ep¨ S>NX$p l•, g° ≈Ap°. A°L$ A°L$ ilu]$ L$p L$p°B _ L$p°B ≈__° hpgp Ap[p Ap•f DkL$p gpip g° ≈[p. d•]$p_° L$fbgpd°¨ kpf° gpi° DW$p gue° Ne°. dNf A°L$ gpip S>g[u f°[u ° X$p l•, L$p°B _lu L$° ApL$f L$l° L$° e° dp°lÁd]$ L$° _hpk° L$p gpip l•, e° Agu L$° gø[° ∆Nf L$p gpip l•, e° Tlfp L$° ]$ugbf L$p gpip l•, Af° L$p°B _lu ≈° ApL$° Bk gpi°L$p° bQpA°. B^f Op°X$° Qg° D^f auTTp_° AphpT ]$u, il°Tp]$u Tfp ApL$° ]$°MuA°, d°f° ApL$p ° L$ep L$epd[ NyTf flu l•, Te_b bplf ApB, dp≈A° L$p gpip Ap•f Op°X$p° L$u V$p`p° [g°, bk A°L$ bpf d]$u_°L$u [fa Í$M L$uep, _p_p fkyg° My]$p ! ∆k lyk•_ L$p° ku_° `° kygp[p \p, Dku lyk•_ L$° ku_° `° ApL$° ]$°M, Op°X$° ]$p•X$pA° ≈ fl° l•. dNf Ae My]$p d•_° [°f° ]$u_ L$° gue° e° Ly$fbp_u cu ]$u.

e° L$°l L$° Te_b M•d° d° Ap[u l•. dNf B^f M•d° d° ApB Ap•f ]$p°bpfp Op°X$° ]$p•X$°. A°L$ d[Æbp L$lp AÁdp auTTp Ab [p° d°f° cËep L$p gpip cu `pdpg lp° QyL$p, Ab e° Op°X$° L$ey¨ ]$p•X$pA° ≈ fl° l°. Ap•f A°L$ d[Æbp ]$°Mp,

(55) (56)

Tpgud ApN g° L$° Ap fl° l•, l°gp M•dp S>gp, ]ykfp M•dp S>gp, [ukfp M•dp S>gp, A°L$ A°L$ L$fL$° k•e]$p_uep° L$° kpf° M•d° S>g NA°. My]$p Ap`L$° Ofp°L$p° kgpd[ føM° My]$p Ap`L$° OfL$u R>[p°L$p° kgpd[ føM°. My]$p Ap`L$° b√Qp° b√Quep° L$u BTT[p° L$p° kgpd[ føM°. kpf° M•d° S>g°. ApMfu M•d° d° kpfp Ofp_p S>dp lp° Nep. Ap•f kpfu bubuep Te_b L$p° ]$°M[u l• Ap•f afdp[u l• il°Tp]$u ApL$p_° ApMfu hL$[d° L$lp \p, ApS> L$° bp]$ Te_b L$p lyL$d dp__p. b[pBA° ldpfu gue° L$ep lyL$d l• S>gL$° df ≈A° [p° S>gL$° df≈A°¨N°. Ap•f blpf _uL$g kL$[° l• [p° blpf _uL$g°¨N°, Te_b _° L$lp bubuep° Ab d°fp b°V$p kS>≈]$ Bdpd° hL$[ l•, S>b [L$ e° kS>≈]$ k° _ `yRy>¨Nu L$p°B S>hpb _lu ]y$¨Nu. S>b ApL$p kS>≈]$ _° L$lp ayau AÁdp yf° Of L$p° g°N° S>¨Ng d° r_L$g ≈BA°. k°lfp d° r_L$g ≈BA°.

ApL$p kS>≈]$, dp•gp kS>≈]$ A°L$ bpf d]$u_° d°¨ L$uku_° `yR>p \p, dp•gp S>b Ap`_° lyL$d ]$uep [p° kpfp Ofp_p M•dk° _uL$gp L$uk [fl M•dp°k° _uL$gp, L$° k|fS> Xy$b flp l• A¨^°fp R>p flp l•, M•dp°k° Ofp_p _uL$gp L$•k° _uL$gp. ApL$p L$° lp\ d°¨ [ıbul l•, ApL$p_° L$lp e° [ıbul [|V$ ≈A° [p° L$uk [fl k° ]$p_° Tdu_ `° buMf ≈[° l•, ApMfu M•dp S>gp, _bu Tp]$°, Bdpd Tp]$°, dp°lÁd]$ L$u b°V$uep Agu Ap•f ap[°dp L$p _pdyT, d•]$p_° L$fbgp d° buMf Nep, [ıbul L$° [|V$° lyA° ]$p_° d•]$p_° L$fbgpd°¨ _Tf Ap fl° l•.

dNf kbk° ApMuf d°¨ A°L$ _filu ku b√Qu M•d° k° bplf _uL$g flu \u lyd•]$ BÂ_° dyıgud eTu]$u gÌL$f L$p qf`p°VÆ$f l•, hp° S>¨Nd° luıkp _lu g° flp. hp° L$°l flp l• d•_° ]$°Mp ApMuf d• A°L$ b√Qu M•d° k° bplf _uL$g flu l•, L$ey¨L$u hp° kbk° ApMuf d° _uL$g flu\u DkL$° Ly$f[°d° ApN gN QyL$u\u. Ly$f[p ApNd° S>g flp \p. d°fu cu A°L$ R>p°V$u ku b√Qu l•, e° L$l°[p l• d° A`_° Ofd° A°L$ b√Qu R>p°X$ L$° Apep \p. dyS>°° A`_u b√Qu ep]$ Ap NB. d°¨ S>Î]$u k° ApN° bY$p Bk b√QuL$° Ly$f[°L$u ApNL$p° by≈D. d•_° lp\ bY$pep hp° b√Qu S>gpg L$° Apgd d° `uR>° lV$u. Mbf ]$pf d°f° b]$_ L$p° lp\ _ gNp_p, d° ap[°dp L$u `p°[u kL$u_p ly¨. d° ap[°dpL$u `p°[u ly¨. _pd°lfd d°fp¨ ∆ıd _lu¨ Ry> kL$[p. [u_ kpgL$u kL$u_p, _pd°lfd d°fp ∆ıd _lu¨ Ry>kL$[p. d•_° lp\

≈°X$L$° L$lp L$° i°lTp]$u Mpgu L$`X$p `L$X$L$° ApN L$p° by≈ D¨Np. d•_° ApN by≈]$u dyS>° B≈T[ rdg NB. b√Qu_° dyS>° kf k° `•f [L$ ]$°Ap, L$lp Ae iøk [y_° A°L$ dl°fbp_u L$u, A°L$ Ap•f dl°fbp_u L$f ]$°. dyS>° _S>aL$p `[p b[p. lyd•]$ BÂ_° dyıguL$p° _lu `[p L$° _S>a L$ep l•, hp° _p°_ dyıgud l• A°L$ bpf L$l°[p l• _S>a ≈ L$° L$ep¨ L$fp°¨Nu, L$lp _S>a d°¨ d°fp ]$p]$p ]$a_ l• . ]$p]p L$u L$b∞ ° NuÍ$¨Nu Ap•f L$ly¨Nu ]$p]$p Ap` lf°L$ L$° e[ud b√Qp° L$u d]$]$L$p° Ap[° lp°.

Ap`L$° lyk•_ L$u e[udp kL$u_p [dpQ° Mp[u flu, Ap` L$p° bygp[u flu, L$p°X$° Mp[u flu Ap`L$p° bygp[u flu, ]$p]$p Ap` kL$u_p L$u d]$]$ L$p° _ Ape°, kL$u_p L$g ]$p]$p k° afuep]$ L$f_° hpgu l•, A¨^°fp R>p Nep dp°lÁd]$L$u _hpkuep ≈° ]$u_ L$u fp°i_u d° cu il°fp°d°¨cu L$cu dl°fd L$° bN°f Ofk° blpf _lu _uL$gu l•, ApS> S>¨Ng l•, ApS> fp[L$p A¨^°fp l•, ApS> L$p°B d]$]Npf _lu l•. Te_b _° L$lp Ly$gkyd ObfpAp° _lu. b√Q° ≈° d•]$p_° d• buMf lyh° l•,ApAp° b√Qp°L$p° S>dp L$f°, ApAp° kpf° L$pag° L$p° A°L$ S>Nl f g° L$° ApA°.

A°L$ bpf Agu Ap•f ap[°dp L$u b°V$uep ldpfp kgpd lp° il°Tp]$u Ly$gkyd f, L$° ]$p°_p° b°ly_° AL$°gu Qgu. L$lu b√Q° fp° fl° \° Dfil° g°L$° Apeu, L$B b√Q° kp° fl°\° Dd°l° g°L$° Apeu. A°L$ ≈X$u L$° `uR>° ]$p° _fil° b√Q° Bk lpgd° _Tf ApA° L$° A°L$ ]y$kf° L$° Ng° d° bpl° X$pgu l• Te_b_° L$lp Ly$gkyd Tfp Apluı[p Qg_p. ANf e° ≈N NA° [p° ]y$bpfp _u¨]$ _lu ApA°¨Nu . L$fub lp°¨Q° [p° ]$°Mp kp°[° lyA° b√Q° _lu l•, ]$p°_p° L$° ku_° f Op°X$p° L$u V$p`p° L$° _uip_ l•, e° ]$p° gpi° l•, S>b Op°X$° ]$p°X$pA° NA° [p° ]$p°_p° b√Qp° f Op°X$° ]$p•X$°. lpA° Te_b_° L$lp Ly$gkyd A°L$ L$p gpip [yd DW$pAp°, A°L$ gpip d• DW$p[u ly¨. A°L$ d[Æbp gpi° DW$pA°, g°L$u_ blp°[ ]$°f L$° bp]$ Te_bL$p ]$ug cf Apep. A°L$ d[Æbp ay$fp[ L$u [fa ]$°Mp Ap•f L$lp, AÂbpk [y _ flp [p° ApS> e° hL$[ Ap Nep L$° [°fu bl°_p°L$p° gpi° cu DW$p_° X$ fl° l•. lpe d°fp AÂbpk dpfp Nep.

AÂbpk _ fl[° [p° Mpgu gpi° DW$p_° L$p dkgp _lu l•, blp°[ bX$u bp[ l•, AÂbpk _ fl° [p° L$ep lyAp, blp°[ kpg bp]$, R>° kpg bp]$ dyø[pf L$° ]$fbpf d° Mygu L$p° `L$X$L$° gpep Nep. dyø[pf_° `yR>p Mygu [y_° d•]$p_°

(57) (58)

L$fbgpd° L$ep L$pf_pdp L$uep. Dk_° L$lp L$° ipd° Nfubp d° [u_ d°f° bX$° L$pf_pd°. ipd° Nfubp AÂbpk _ flp [p° L$ep¨ lyAp, ApBA° Mygu k° ky_uA° Mygu L$l°[p l•, S>b Ddf° kA]_° lyk•_ L$° gpi° L$p° pdpg L$f ]$uep [p° A`_u ap•S> L$p° lyL$d ]$uep L$° M•dp° d° ≈Ap° ≈° kpdp_ _Tf ApA° g|¨V$ gp°. ≈° Akbpb _Tf ApA° g|¨V$ gp°. dyS>° Ly$R> ]$•f gNu, S>b d° Nep [p° ]°Mp L$° kpfp kpdp_ g|¨V$p ≈ QyL$p l•. dyS>° gNp L$° dyS>° cu Ly$R> [p° rdg_p QpluA°, hp° b•Q°_ lp° Nep. Dk° A°L$ b√Qu L$° Np•Ìhpf° _Tf ApA°, ≈° kp]$° \°, Tep]$p qL$d[u _lu \°, dpdygu Np°ihpf°. S>b L$p°B Tpgud b√Qu L$° Np°ihpf° L$° ≈_ub lp\ bY$p[p l•, [p° b√Qu Ncfp L$° L$l°[u l•, e° d°f° bpbp_° B]$ L$p [p°lap ]$uep l•. d°fp bpbp [p° _ flp DkL$p [p°lap [p° fl_° ]$p°.

Bk [fl afuep]$ L$f[u l• L$° Tpgud L$p° fl°d Ap ≈[p, lf°L$ ApN° bY$ ≈[p. d• ]°f k° Apep \p, d• _° L$lp d°¨ A`_p _yL$kp_ L$ey¨ L$Í$, Ly$R> Ap•f _lu rdgp [p° e° Np°Ìhpf° R>u_p°, d° L$fub Apep. d•_° Np°Ìhpf° L$u L$fub lp\ bY$pep, `l°g° [p° b√Qu_° afuep]$ L$u d°f° bpbp L$p [p°lap l•. d•_° L$p°B [hS>≈°l _lu ]$u, [p° Dk_° A`_° Np°Ìhpf° Ry>`p_p Qpl°, d•_° A°L$ df[bp lp\ bY$pep, Np°Ìhpfp° ° lp\ fMp, Bk [fl [°Tu k° Np°Ìhpf° D[pf° L$° b√Qu L$° L$p_ L$V$ NA°, My_ L$p aÏhpfp Tpfu lyAp. b√Qu_° ayfp[ L$u [fa ]$°Mp, QQp AÂbpk ]$°M [°fu kL$u_p ° L$ep NyTf flu l•.

ipd° Nfubp AÂbpk _ flp, ipd° Nfubp d° L$ep lyAp, Mygu L$l°[p l• Ab d• ApN° bY$p, kpfp kpdp_ g|¨V$p Nep, M•d° S>gpA° NA°. dNf A°L$ budpf A•kp \p L$u rS>kL$° rbı[f L$p° L$uku_° lp\ _lu gNpep \p, Af° B[_p byY$p BkL$u rbdpfu L$p øepg L$f L$° Tpgudp°_° DkL$p rbı[f R>p°X$ ]$uep, d•_° kp°Qp d• A`_p _yL$kp_ L$ey¨ L$Í$. d• ApN° bY$p Ap•f Bk [flp rbı[f M•¨Qp L$u hp° rbdpf rbı[fk° dy¨l L$° bg S>du_° L$fbgp ° Nufp. lpe d°fp Qp°\p Bdpd.

Mygu L$l°[p l• L$° d° ApN° bY$p, d•_° ]$°Mp Ly$R> _lu bQp, auf ApMfu A°L$ QuT _Tf ApB. hp° \u Te_bL$u Qp]$f, Tpgudp° d° k° L$ukud° rl¨d[ _lu \u L$° Te_b L$u Qp]$f `° lp\ X$pg°. lf°L$ L$p° `[p l•, Te_b L$p•_ l•, e°

fkyg L$u _hpku l•, e° fkyg L$u b°V$u l•, eTu]$uep° d°¨ lu¨d[ _lu lp° flu l•, S>ydgp Ab ApL$p lyk•_ L$° ilp]$[ L$° lhpg°k° rdgpL$° ky_uA°. Ddf° kp]$_° lf dy_pkub [ukfp [uf L$lp dp¨Np \p. S>b lyk•_ X$NdNp fl° \°, _•T$° `° _•T°, [ufp° `° [uf, `’\f `° `’\f `f d°fp ApL$p `f Qg fl° \°, g°L$u_ d°f° ApL$p Sy>gS>_pl `° gNp lyAp l•, l•]$f° L$fpÆfL$p b°V$p l• lyk•_, B[_° Tødp°L$° kp\ TygS>_pl `° l•, Ddf° kA]$ ObfpL° lyfdgp L$° `pk Apep Ap•f L$lp lyk•_ S>b [L$ TygS>_pl k° _lu Nuf°¨N°, [b [L$ d°fu ap•S> lyk•_ L$° L$fub _lu ≈A°¨Nu, lyfdgp L$•k° cu L$fL$° lyk•_ L$p° Op°X$° k° Nufp ]$°, lyfdgp_° L$dp_d° [u_ cpgL$p [uf _uL$pg L$f d°f° ApL$p L$u Nf]$_ L$u ≈_ub dpfp d°f° ApL$p_° [uf _uL$pgp Ap•f Op°X$° k° Nuf°. hlu L$°aue[ Te_b L$u l•, L$ukud° rl¨d[ _lu¨ L$° Qp]$f°° Te_b `° lp\ X$pg°, e° fkygL$u b°V$u l•, e• kp_uA° T°lfp l•, Mygu L$l°[p l• A°L$ Qp]$f bpL$u l• Ly$gkyd$ L$p° Qp]$f R>u_u, g•gp L$u Qp]f R>u_u, fbpb L$u Qp]$f R>u_u, kL$u_p L$u Qp]$f R>u_u. Ly$bfp L$u Qp]$f R>u_u, afhp L$u Qp]$f R>u_u Te_b L$u Qp]$f `° L$p°B lp\ _lu X$pg flp l•. d•_° kp°Qp d°¨ A`_p _yL$kp_ L$ey¨ L$Í$. My]$ L$l flp l• Tpgud ipd° Nfubp d° ApN° bY$p, d•_° Qp]$f° Te_b `° lp\ X$pgp. Bk [fl d•_° Qp]$f L$p° `L$X$p, Dk [fa Te_b_° Qp]$f L$p° `L$X$u. Mygu ap•S>L$p S>hp_ rk`plu l•, L$u[_° kpgL$p lp°¨Np 30 kpgL$p, Te_b 55 bfk L$fu Tluap Ap•f[ l•, `f A•ku Ap•f[ 18 ]$pN A`_° L$g°S>° `f ]$°M QyL$u l•, A`_° AL$bf L$p gpip ]$°M QyL$u l•, `f l• [p° l•]$f° L$fpÆf L$u b°V$u. My$gu L$l°[p l• d• [pL$[ gNp gNp L$° \L$ Nep, Qp]$f° Te_b L$p° _ M•¨Q kL$p, d•_° ]$°Mp d°fp _yL$kp_ lp° flp l• d• L$•k° Qp]$f R>u_y¨, d•f° lp\d° L$p°X$p \p, d•_° Te_b L$° Ql°f° `°¨ L$p°X$p dpfp, Q°lf° k° M|_ ≈fu lyAp. Te_b L$u rNfa[ Y$ugu `X$u, d°f° Qp]$f° Te_b L$p° R>u_p. Te_b_° L$lp AÂbpk! ]$°M d°fu Qp]$f R>u_ gu NB. AÂbpk _ flp [p° gpi° DW$p_° X$°, AÂbpk _ flp kL$u_p L$° L$p_ Tødu lyA°, AÂbpk _ flp Bdpd° Tdp_p L$p° rbı[f M•QL$° rNfpep Nep. AÂbpk _ flp Te_b L$u Qp]$f R>u_u, Agu L$u b°V$uL$° Q°lf° `° Tød gNp. (dp•gp_p kp]$uL$ lk_ kpl°b_u dS>guk dp¨\u)

(59) (60)

dS>guk -12 AÂ]y$Îgplbu_ lk__p¨ dkpA°b.Acu A°L$ b√Qp Med°d° b•W$p \p, ∆kL$u Dd∞ bpfp kpgk° Tuep]$p _p

\u. ∆kL$p° ‡epk_° B–_p L$dTp°f L$f ]$uep \p L$° hp° MX$p lp°_p Qpl[p \p [p° ∆ıd L$p¨`[p \p, Qg_p Qpl[p \p [p° L$]$d X$NdNp[° \°. Qg[p \p [p° QgL$° Nuf X$[p \p. Ap` b°Q•_ lp° NA°, d•¨ b√Q°L$p _pd b[p ]y$¨. e° Bdpd lk_ (A.k.) L$p b√Qp l•, _pd DkL$p AÂ]y$Îgpl l•. e° Med°L$° L$p°_°d° b•W$p lyhp A`_u R>p°V$u bl°_L$u b°L$fpfu ]$°M flp \p, Af° L$p°B lp°[p ≈° Mbf g° Ap[p L$° d°fp bp` Tufi]$p l• L$° ilu]$ lp° Nep. L$fbgpL$° de]$p_d° Bdpd lk_ (A.k.) L$p b√Qp _uL$g Apep. de]$p_d° ap•S>°¨ a°gu X$u l•, L$•k° [p gN° d°fp QQp L$lp¨ l•? Nuf[p X$[p, Yy$Ÿ$[p lyhp ap•≈°¨L$° ]$fÁep_k° NyTf[p lyhp khpfp°¨L$° `pkk° NyTf[p lyhp, _°Tp°¨ Ap•f [ufp°¨, M¨S>fp°¨L$p° ]$°M[p lyhp AÂ]y$Îgpl BÂ_° lk_ (A.k.) e° R>p°V$p L$dku_ ‡epkp b√Qp Af° dyL$]$πfk° hlp¨ lp°¨Q Nep S>lp¨ Tdu_ f lyk•_ (A.k.) \°.

ApMfu auL$fp ky_ gp° kp°Nhpfp°. QQpL$° pk c[u≈ lp°¨Qp, dNf Acu QQp \p°X$u ]y$f f b•W$° lyh° ]$uMpB ]$uA° \° L$° c[uS>°_° ]$°Mp, L$° Tpgud [ghpf guA° lyh° lyk•_ (A.k.) L$u [fa bY$ flp l•. bk, c[u≈cu `yfu [pL$[ gNpL$° ]$p•X$p Ap•f L$Âg DkL$° L$° Tpgud [ghpf g°L$° lyk•_ (A.k.) [L$ lp°¨Q[p, AÂ]y$Îgpl cu lp°¨Q NA°. S>b Dk_° lyk•_ (A.k.) f [ghpf dpfu, c[uS>°_° ]$p°_p°¨ lp\ bX$lp ]$uA°, lp\ L$V$$ NA°, L$V$° lyA° lp\ Sy>g NA°. AphpT ]$u QQp. lyk•_ (A.k.) _° dyX$L$° ]$°Mp, d°f° gpg, [yd L$lp¨ Ap NA°? Ab[p° dyS>d° DW$_°L$u [pL$[ _lu¨ l•. ApAp°, d°fu Np°]$ud° Ap ≈°Ap°. bpfp kpgL$° c[uS>°L$p° lyk•_ (A.k.) guV$p fl° \°. A°L$ [uf Apep AÂ]y$Îgpl Ng° `f gNp. c[u≈ ]$d [p°X$ flp l•, lyk•_ (A.k.) d•e[ k¨cpg fl° l•.

dS>guk - 13 S>.kL$u_p (k.A.) _p dkpA°b.Apl! Apl! ap[°dp (k.A.) _y¨ Of qhfp_ \B Ney¨. dykpaf `f]°$idp¨ ‡epkp ilu]$ \B Nep. dËe[ b° Np•fp° L$a_ `X$u flu. A°lg° lfd_p° L$pagp° fı[pdp¨

Tpgudp°_p¨ ku[d_° kl_ L$f[p L$f[p eTu]$_p¨ ]$fbpfdp¨ `lp¢√ep°. eTu]$ (g.) _p° ]$fbpf R>°. A°L$ `°V$udp¨ B.lzk•_ A.k._y¨ kf dybpfL$ fpMhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ R>°. L$dku_ kL$u_p..[°_° ≈°B flu flu l[u. bp`_y¨ kf ≈°B_° ]$uL$fu_y¨ q]$g Vy$L$X°$ Vy$L$X$p \B fley¨ l[y¨. lpe bpbp Tpgudp°A° [d_° L$–g L$fu

]$u^p...... Ad_° [dpQpAp° dpepÆ. Ad_° QpbyL$ A_° L$p°fX$pAp° dpepÆ. lpe bpbp kL$u_p_u Mbf Îep°...lpe L$pL$p `Z _ ApÏep A_° cpBA° `Z d_° cygphu ]$uû.... dpØ L$g°≈\u gNpX°$ R>°,[p° fp°hp gpN° R>°...lz¨ azL$udp¨ `pk° ≈h Ry>¨,[p° [°d_p `Z Ap¨ky AV$L$[p _\u. _p_L$X$u kL$u_p¨ Ap rhQpfp°dp¨ l[u –ep¨ eTu]$ (g.) bp°Îep°. d° kp¨c˛ey¨ R>°, L°$ [pfp bpbp [_° Myb Qpl[p l[p, Ap [°_y¨ kf R>°. dpfu i°lTp]$u Apky ùB_° bp°Îep, ip dpV°$ q]$g ]y$Mph° R>°, Ad_° k[ph° R>°. `f¨[y [° b√Qu_° ]y$:Mu L$fhp_u r_Ëe[ L$fu QyL$ep° l[p°. [° dgD_ bp°Îep° ""kL$u_p (k.) lz¨ –epf° dp_ui L°$ lyk•_ (A.k.) [_° h^pf° Qpl[p l[p L°$ [y AhpT Ap` A_° kf° lzk•_ (A.k.) [pfp Mp°mpdp¨ Aphu ≈e. Ap kp¨c˛ey [p° b°L$fpf kL$u_p (k.A.) A° [°d_p¨ Ly$[pÆ_p° kmN°gp° ]$pd_ a°gphu ]$u^p°. bpbp ! dpfp bpbp ! [d° [dpfu kL$u_p_u BTT[ fpMu Îep°. Ap Tpgud_u kpd°...bpbp dpfu Np°]$dp Aphu ≈h dpfp bpbp, Ap [dpfu kL$u_p [d_° bp°gph° R>°. Ae _p_u dAkyd kL$u_p (k.A.)_p QplhphpmpAp°, ApV$gy kp¨c˛ey¨ A_° B.lzk•_ A._y¨ kf bg¨]$ \ey A_° Ap _p_L$X$u kL$u_p_u Np°]$dp¨ Aphu Ney¨. A°lg° lfd fp°hp gp¡ep.]$fbpfuAp° Z Ap¨ky p¢R>hp gp¡ep. eTu]$ Z dp¢ a°fhhp `f dS>byf \B Nep°. L$dku_ kL$u_p bpbp_y¨ dp¢ Qyd[u ≈[u l[u A_° fX$[p fX$[p aqfep]$ L$f[u l[u L°$ bpbp lz¨ ‡epku Ry>¨.bpbp d° [dpQpAp° Mp^p. bpbp ≈yAp° [p° Mfp dpfp L$p_dp¨\u M|_ hlu fley¨ R>°... bpbp dpfp Nmpdp¨ [p° Sy>Ap° fıku_p L$pfZ° Tød \B Ney¨. bpbp d_° [dpfu `pk° bp°gphu Îep°...lpe bpbp lpe bpbp (dkpA°b° L$fbgp °.41 \u 44)

dS>guk-14 S>.lbub BÂ_° dTpluf_p dkpA°b.S>_pb° lbub lTf[_u kp\° f¸p. Apiyfp_p q]$hk° b`p°f `R>u lTf[

Bdpd lzk•_ A.k. d° Ddf rb_ kA] dgD__p gÌL$f_° D]°$iu_° afdpÏey¨ L°$ [d° gp°L$p° `Z _dpT A]$p L$fp° A_° Ad° `Z _dpT A]$p L$fu gBA°, [°\u A°L$ dgD_° L$¸y¨ : Ae lzk•_! [d° Nd° [°V$gu _dpT X$p° Z [dpfu _dpT L$byg _\u \B iL$[u. Ap kp¨cmu_° S>_pb° lbub Nyıkpdp¨ gpg ump \B Nep, A_° L$¸y¨ L°$ gA_[ \pe [pfp `f, ≈° afTfi]°$ fkyg_u _dpTp° L$byg _lu \pe [p° iy¨ [pfp S>°hp_u _dpT L$byg \i°? `R>u lTf[_° L$¸y¨ d_° gX$hp_u B≈T[ Ap`p°. lh°

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Ap _dpT b°rlÌ[dp¨ Ap`_p _p_p_u kp\° X$ui. lTf[° B≈T[ Apù, A_° S>_pb° lbub° NTb_pL$ i°f_u S>°d [° iL$u D`f lzdgp° L$ep£ A_° [°_° dpfu_° Tdu_ `f `R>pX$u ]$u^p° A_° `R>u bu≈ b”uk khpfp°_° L$–g L$fu _pøep A_° ApMf° ]y$Ìd_p°A° lbub_° Qpf° bpSy>\u O°fu_° [ufp° [ghpfp°A_° _°TpAp°\u dpfu_° Tdu_ `f `R>pX$u ]$u^p. –epf° S>_pb° S>e_b bp°Îep L°$, Ap]$pA° dpfp gpg_p d]$]$Npf_° ilu]$ L$fu ]$u^p. Ae cpB Ap`_p fauL$ ]y$fiep\u Ly$Q L$fu Nep.Agp gA_[yâpl° Agg L$hduT Tpg°du_. AâplzÁd AS>∆g g° hguËe°L$g afS>.

dS>guk - 15 ip°l]$pA° L$fbgp_p dkpA°b. ldu]$ rb_ dysıgd L$l° R>° L°$ d¢ ≈°ey¨ : Af°, A°lg°be[dp¨ A°L$ L$p°lfpd dQu Nep°. Af°, e[ud b√QpAp° "hp AÁdplp°, hp Ab[plp°' L$lu Qukp° `pX$u `R>pX$uAp° Mphp gp¡ep¨...[dpd bubuAp°A° `p°[p_° JV$ D`f\u Tdu_ `f `R>pX$u ]$uû... bubuAp°_p Mp°mpdp¨\u b√QpAp° Ly]$$u Ly$]$u S>du_ `f `X$u Nep¨..... ATp]$pfp° ! Af°, bpTyAp°dp¨ [p° fıkuAp° bp¨^°gu R>°. b√QpAp°_p Nmp¨ fıkudp¨ b¨^pe°gp¨ R>°. Af°, b^p¨ kf hNf_u gpi `pk° `lp¢Q° R>°,A_° gpi_u lpg[ ≈°B Tpf Tpf fp°B f¸p¨ R>°. Af°, L$p°B bubu AÂbpk A.k._u gpi `pk° Aphu_° L$l° R>°. c•ep AÂbpk ! ]y$Muepfu bl°_ DÁd° Ly$gkyd Aphu R>°. cpB, S>fp DW$u_° bl°__u lpg[ Sy>Ap° ! bpTyAp°dp¨ fk_ bp¨^°g R>°. Af°, Tpgudp° QpbyL$ gB_° Dcp R>°. L$p°B bubu L$l° R>°. : b°V$p L$prkd! Af°, b°V$p ! [pfp azg S>°hp ifuf_p Vy$L$X°$ V|$L$X°$ L$fu]$u^p. L$p°B AY$pf hjÆ_p L$qX$eg S>hp__u gpi_° hmNu_° rhgp` L$fu flu R>°, dpfp Afdp_ cf°gp ]$uL$fp ! dp_u DÁdu]$ MpL$dp¨ dmu NB. b°V$p AguAL$bf ! [d° Tdu_ D`f L$p¨V$p A_° L$p¨L$fp_u `\pfudp¨ L°$hu NpY$ r_÷pdp¨ `X$ep R>p°? b°V$p, S>fp DW$u_° Ap ]y$:Muepfu dp¨ [fa _S>f L$fp°! lh° [° L•$]$ \B_° Ly$ap A_° ipd_u b≈fp° [fa S>B flu R>°. h[_dp¨ bl°_ kyNfp hpV$ ≈°B flu R>°. Af°, L$p°B bubu R> dlu_p_p dpkyd AguAkNf_u gpi_° Np°]$dp¨ gB_° L$`pe°gp Nmp_° Qyd[u ≈e R>° A_° fX$[u ≈e R>°. ]$uL$fp ! L°$hp b°fld Tpgudp° R>°... Af°, ApV$gu Ddfdp¨ [p° L$p°B ≈_hf_° `Z TÂl _\u L$f[y¨... Af° S>_pb°

Te_b dpµ¨ ≈epcpB B.lzke__u gpi D`f fX$u f¸p R>°: dp≈ep, dpa L$f≈° ! bl°_ fk_dp¨ b¨^pe°gu lpg[dp¨ R>°..cpB lzke_ ! L°$]$u Te_b_p kgpd... [dpfu kpd° fk_dp¨ b¨^pe°gu lpg[dp¨ Dcu fl°gu bl°__p kgpd L$byg L$fp°, cpB ! Agrh]$p, cpB lzke_ ! Agrh]$p. Agp gA_[yâpl° Agg L$hduT Tpg°du_. AâplzÁd AS>∆g g° hguËe°L$g afS>.

_p•lp -1kb DS>X$ ≈A°¨Np TlfpL$p dL$p¨...........Aıf L$° bp]$,

kb DS>X$ ≈A°¨Np TlfpL$p dL$p¨...........Aıf L$° bp]$ (2)lp°¨Np iÂbuf L$° M•¨dp° d° y¨hp Aıf L$° bp]$ (2)

kyÂl° Apiyf L$p° ]$° ]$u Agu AL$bf_° ATp (2)L$p°_ ]$°¨Np cgp dNfubL$u ATp¨........Aıf L$° bp]$ (2)

kb DS>X$ ≈A°¨Np ......(2)Ae kL$u_p [°f° L$p_p° k° gly¨ V$`L$°Np... (2)lp°¨N° Q°lf° ° [dpQp° L$° r_ip Aıf L$° bp]$

kb DS>X$ ≈A°¨Np ......(2)L$p•_ dAkyd kL$u_p ° [fk MpA°Np....(2)L$p•_ kdS>°Np e[udp° L$u ayNp.....Aıf L$° bp]$......

kb DS>X$ ≈A°¨Np ......(2)gpi AÂbpkL$u ]$fuep ° [X$` ≈A°Nu (2)S>b cu DW$W$°Nu kL$u_p L$u ayNp¨, Aıf L$° bp]$......

kb DS>X$ ≈A°¨Np ......(2)L$uk [fl r]$gL$p° k¨cpg°Nu AguL$u b°V$u (2)]$Ì[ d° fp°Ä°¨Nu iÂbuf L$p° dpµ¨ Aıf L$° bp]$, Aıf L$° bp]$.....

kb DS>X$ ≈A°¨Np ......(2)L$d k° L$d l• Acu rbdpf L$p rbı[f bpL$u (2)hf_p [L$]$uf d° Apfpd L$lp Aıf L$° bp]$,

kb DS>X$ ≈A°¨Np ......(2)`p°¨R> gp° AÌL$, L$gd Qyd L$° fM gp° _Ëef,

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rgM _ pAp°¨N° [yd Nd L$p bep¨, Aıf L$° bp]$.kb DS>X$ ≈A°¨Np ......(2)

_p•lp -2Ae eykya° Tlfp dyS>° q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°.....

q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°, q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p° Ae eykya° Tlfp Ae eykya° Tlfp q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p° (4)Ae eykya° Tlfp dyS>° q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°S>Î]$ Aphp° f]$A° Neb[ L$p° DW$p ]$p°..q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°, q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°,

ayfL$[ d° L$X$° hL$[ NyTf[° l•, Ab Ap ≈Ap°,lf fp°T _A° ra–_° Dcf[° l•, Ab Ap ≈Ap°, lp\p°d° l• ≈° øhpb buMf[° l•, Ab Ap ≈Ap°,buMf[° l• Ab Ap ≈Ap°.ld [Ì_A° q]$]$pf l•, S>ghp [p° r]$Mp ]$p°,S>Î]$ ApAp° f]$A° Neb[ L$p° DW$p ]$p°,

q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°, q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°,Ae eykya° Tlfp dyS>° q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°, q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°,

AÎgplL$p e°l ]$u_ _ b_ ≈A° akp_p,Apep[L$p dalyd b]$g[p l• Tdp_pdp°Adu_ b_° ≈[° l•, dy_praL$L$p r_ip_p,dy_praL$L$p r_ip_p.Bk Aıf L$u lf dı∆]$° Tfpf L$p° Y$p ]$p°S>Î]$ Aphp° f]$A° Neb[ L$p° DW$p]$p°...

q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°, q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p° (3) Ae eykya° Tlfp...hp° [°N L$° ≈° ]$ı[°° diuËe[ d° Y$gu l•hp° [°N L$° ≈° M•bfp° - M¨]$L$ d° Qgu l•∆k [°N L$° L$ÂS>° f aL$[ _pd° Agu l•,aL$[ _pd° Agu l•.

]$yr_ep L$p° auf Dk [•N L$fu S>_L$pf ky_p ]$p°S>Î]$ Aphp° f]$A° Neb[ L$p° DW$p ]$p°.q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°, q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p° (3) Ae eykya° Tlfp dyS>°...

buL$[° l• elp q]$fldp° - q]$_pf d° a[h° Ap•f duÁbfp° d°lfpb L$° cu lp°[° l• kp•]$°...[°lTub° ATp lp° NB fıdp° L$° lhpg°, fıdp° L$° lhpg°.bY[° lyA° B_ ApN L$° ip•gp° L$p° by≈ ]$p°.S>Î]$ Aphp° f]$A° Neb[ L$p° DW$p gp°.

q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°, q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p° (3) Ae eykya° Tlfp dyS>°...Dk [yfb[° Tlfp L$u L$kd ≈° l• rbıdpfhp° bubu ≈° lL$ g°_° NB, bf kf° ]$fbpf,lL$ ]$°_° ° lpL$ud_° L$uep Bk [fl BfiL$pf L$uep Bk [fl BfiL$pfDk dyS>fud° Tlfp L$p° [p° A¨≈d q]$Mp ]$p°....S>Î]$ Aphp° f]$A° Neb[ L$p° DW$p ]$p°.....

q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°, q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p° (3) Ae eykya° Tlfp dyS>° q]$]$pf.iÂbufL$u hp° gpX$gu hp° [Ì_ A° ApA]$p...qT¨]$pL$u gl]$ d°¨ ≈° Acu [L$ l• rNfa[pf...Dk b√QuL$° k]$L$° d° L$fd L$u∆A° kfL$pf, L$fd L$u∆A° kfL$pf...]y$r_ep k° lf A°L$ _L$i° ku[dNpf rdV$p ]$p°....S>Î]$ Aphp° f]$A° Neb[ L$p° DW$p ]$p°....

q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p°, q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p° (3) Ae eykya° Tlfp dyS>° q]$]$pf.dyT[f l• bly[ ip•L$° qTepf[ d° q]$hp_° L$b D_L$p° e° [p•auL$ A[p lp°¨Nu _ ≈_°L$b ≈A°N° ld L$fbp°bgp fp°_° fygp_°, fp°_° fygp_°...AÂbpk L$° ]$fbpfk° Ab BT_ q]gp ]$p°...S>Î]$ Aphp° f]$A° Neb[ L$p° DW$p ]$p°....

q]$]$pf L$fp ]$p° (3) Ae eykya° Tlfp dyS>° q]$]$pf....

eyky yay ¡ Tlfp - Amazon S3 · (3) (4) dS>guk_u iŒ$Ap[dp‹ ‘Y$hp_p¡ My—bp¡ gp lìg hgp...

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Transcript of eyky yay ¡ Tlfp - Amazon S3 · (3) (4) dS>guk_u iŒ$Ap[dp‹ ‘Y$hp_p¡ My—bp¡ gp lìg hgp...