Eye am so confused…

Definitions of commonly confused ophthalmology terms

Plus a bonus Venn diagram!

By Clinton Pong, MS 4

Define the following:

• Strabismus vs Pseudostrabismus• Amblyopia

• Exotropia vs Exophoria• Esotropia vs Esophoria• Hypertropia vs Hypotropia

StrabismusYou

Amblyopiathem

EsotropiaExotropia

Hypertropia

Hypotropia

Strabismus

• Eyes do not line up• aka “crossed eyes“

• Pseudostrabismus– Mistaken misalignment– More common in Asian

infants because of epicanthal folds

Amblyopia (subtype of strabismus)

• Loss of one eye's ability to see details– May lead to blindness!

• aka "lazy eye“– Really, it is “lazy brain”

• Most common cause of vision problems in children– VERY important to treat

early and aggressively!

Strabismus vs Amblyopia

• Strabismus– What YOU see on them:– Crooked eyes

• Amblyopia– What THEY see:– Initially double vision

(diplopia) usually compensating for a focusing problem

– Eventually brain compensates by causing blindness in one eye

– Make a referral!!!!

Amblyopia: types

Exotropia• OUTward deviation of eyes• Commonly 2-4 years old

Esotropia• Inward deviation of eyes• Infancy onward

http://www.pedseye.com/

Amblyopia: -tropia vs -phoria

ExoPHORIA• Transient, temporary• OUTward deviation

EsoPHORIA• Transient, temporary• INward deviation

http://www.pedseye.com/

Hypertropia• Upward vertical misalignment• Most common cause is

trochlear fourth nerve palsy (SO4)

• Differential includes– thyroid related eye disease– orbital trauma– Brown’s syndrome

• Hypotropia– Downward deviation is very

rare.

http://www.pedseye.com/

StrabismusYou

Amblyopiathem

EsotropiaExotropia

Hypertropia

Hypotropia

References

• https://www.google.com/health/ref/Amblyopia• http://www.pedseye.com/topics_amblyopia.htm• http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/fh/mch/webcou

rse/vision/mod4a.cfm

• Plus some handouts from Drs.