Extremely Secure Remote Accessed Irrigation System

8/10/2019 Extremely Secure Remote Accessed Irrigation System

1/26

Extremely Secure Remote

AccessedIrrigation System

A mini project report

Submitted by

M.Kiruba Sankar (11BEE045) III-EEE-C

R.Sivasubramanian (11BEEL10) III-EEE-C

C.Ruban Karthik (11BEE058) III-EEE-C

In partial fulfillment for the completion

Of

Practical Course on Embedded Systems

Conducted by

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringMEPCO SCHLENK ENGINEERING COLLEGE


2/26


3/26

ABSTRACT

This project aims to create a ease in classical irrigationsystem through establishing a modernized embedded concept ofremote controlled monitoring. Extremely Secure RemoteAccessed Irrigation System is to access and manipulate theexisting irrigation systems through at a remote distance as for anadvanced and secured mode of undeniable operations , this could

enable the irrigation more simpler rather than to reach the fieldand operated the commodities like motor manually ,this also provides an authenticated access to the irrigation system as that asimple personalized protocol for establishing the connection takes

place here, as that cant be easily plagiarized thus the reliabilityon the security of the irrigations systems will be on a great hold inthis protocol .


4/26

Contents:-

Acknowledgement Abstract Basics of Embedded Systems Introduction Concept (Proposal) Working Hardware

Circuitry Components

Microcontroller(P89v51RD2) TSOP 1738(IR receiver) LCD Module Auxiliary Logic gates Motor Drivers DC Motor

Software

Coding Simulation Model (Proteus Model)

Conclusion


5/26

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Definition

An embedded system is a single-purpose computer built into a larger system

for the purposes of controlling and monitoring the system. It is designed as a way that

performs only a few embedded functions and has real time computing constraints.

Embedded system consists of both hardware and software designed for particular

application.

History

In the earliest years of computers in the 1930 40s, computers were sometimes

dedicated to a single task, but were far too large and expensive for most kinds of tasks

performed by embedded computers of today. Over time however, the concept of

programmable controllers evolved from traditional electromechanical sequencers, via

solid state devices, to the use of computer technology.

One of the first recognizably modern embedded systems was the ApolloGuidance Computer, developed by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT Instrumentation

Laboratory. At the project's inception, the Apollo guidance computer was considered

the riskiest item in the Apollo project as it employed the then newly developed

monolithic integrated circuits to reduce the size and weight. An early mass-produced

embedded system was the Automatics D-17 guidance computer for the Minuteman

missile, released in 1961. It was built from transistor logic and had a hard disk for

main memory. When the Minuteman II went into production in 1966, the D-17 was

replaced with a new computer that was the first high-volume use of integrated circuits.

This program alone reduced prices on quad NAND gate ICs from $1000/each to

$3/each, permitting their use in commercial products.


6/26

Since these early applications in the 1960s, embedded systems have come

down in price and there has been a dramatic rise in processing power and

functionality. The first microprocessor for example, the Intel 4004, was designed for

calculators and other small systems but still required many external memory and

support chips. In 1978 National Engineering Manufacturers Association released a

"standard" for programmable microcontrollers, including almost any computer-based

controllers, such as single board computers, numerical, and event-based controllers

As the cost of microprocessors and microcontrollers fell it became feasible to

replace expensive knob-based analog components such as potentiometers and variable

capacitors with up/down buttons or knobs read out by a microprocessor even in some

consumer products. By the mid-1980s, most of the common previously external

system components had been integrated into the same chip as the processor and this

modern form of the microcontroller allowed an even more widespread use, which by

the end of the decade were the norm rather than the exception for almost all electronic

devices.

The integration of microcontrollers has further increased the applications for

which embedded systems are used into areas where traditionally a computer would not

have been considered. A general purpose and comparatively low-cost microcontroller

may often be programmed to fulfill the same role as a large number of separate

components. Although in this context an embedded system is usually more complex

than a traditional solution, most of the complexity is contained within the

microcontroller itself. Very few additional components may be needed and most of

the design effort is in the software. The intangible nature of software makes it much

easier to prototype and test new revisions compared with the design and construction

of a new circuit not using an embedded processor.


7/26

Characteristics

Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a

general-purpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real-time performance

constraints that must be met, for reasons such as safety and usability; others may have

low or no performance requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to

reduce costs.

Embedded systems are not always standalone devices. Many embedded

systems consist of small, computerized parts within a larger device that serves a more

general purpose. For example, the Gibson Robot Guitar features an embedded system

for tuning the strings, but the overall purpose of the Robot Guitar is, of course, to playmusic. Similarly, an embedded system in an automobile provides a specific function

as a subsystem of the car itself.

The program instructions written for embedded systems are referred to

as firmware, and are stored in read-only memory or Flash memory chips. They run

with limited computer hardware resources: little memory, small or non-existent

keyboard or screen.

Processors in Embedded System

Embedded processors can be broken into two broad categories. Ordinary

microprocessors (P) use separate integrated circuits for memory and peripherals.

Microcontrollers (C) have on -chip peripherals, thus reducing power consumption,

size and cost. In contrast to the personal computer market, many different basic CPU

architectures are used, since software is custom-developed for an application and is

not a commodity product installed by the end user. Both Von Neumann as well as

various degrees of Harvard architectures is used. RISC as well as non-RISC

processors are found. Word lengths vary from 4-bit to 64-bits and beyond, although

the most typical remain 8/16-bit. Most architecture comes in a large number of

different variants and shapes, many of which are also manufactured by several

different companies.


8/26

Peripherals

Embedded Systems talk with the outside world via peripherals, such as:

Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-422, RS-485 etc.

Synchronous Serial Communication Interface: I2C, SPI, SSC and ESSI (Enhanced

Synchronous Serial Interface)

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

Multi Media Cards (SD Cards, Compact Flash etc.)

Networks: Ethernet, Lon Works, etc.

Field buses: CAN-Bus, LIN-Bus, PROFIBUS, etc.

Timers: PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units

Discrete IO: aka General Purpose Input/output (GPIO)

Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC)

Advantages

They are designed to do a specific task and have real time performance

constraints which must be met.

They allow the system hardware to be simplified so costs are reduced.

They are usually in the form of small computerized parts in larger devices

which serve a general purpose.

The program instruction for embedded system run with limited computer

hardware resources, little memory and small or even non-existent keyboard or

screen.

Reliability

Embedded systems often reside in machines that are expected to runcontinuously for years without errors and in some cases recover by themselves if anerror occurs. Therefore the software is usually developed and tested more carefullythan that for personal computers, and unreliable mechanical moving parts such as diskdrives, switches or buttons are avoided.


9/26

Specific reliability issues may include:

The system cannot safely be shut down for repair, or it is too inaccessible to repair.

Examples include space systems, undersea cables, navigational beacons, bore-hole

systems, and automobiles.

The system must be kept running for safety reasons. "Limp modes" are less

tolerable. Often backups are selected by an operator. Examples include aircraft

navigation, reactor control systems, safety-critical chemical factory controls, train

signals.

The system will lose large amounts of money when shut down: Telephone

switches, factory controls, bridge and elevator controls, funds transfer and market

making, automated sales and service.

A variety of techniques are used, sometimes in combination, to recover from errors both software bugs such as memory leaks, and also soft errors in the hardware:

watchdog timer that resets the computer unless the software periodically notifies

the watchdog

subsystems with redundant spares that can be switched over to

software "limp modes" that provide partial function

Designing with a Trusted Computing Base (TCB) architecture ensures a highly

secure & reliable system environment

A Hypervisor designed for embedded systems, is able to provide secure

encapsulation for any subsystem component, so that a compromised software

component cannot interfere with other subsystems, or privileged-level systemsoftware. This encapsulation keeps faults from propagating from one subsystem to

another, improving reliability. This may also allow a subsystem to be

automatically shut down and restarted on fault detection.

Immunity Aware Programming


10/26

Introduction:Extremely Secure Remote Accessed Irrigation System is to

access and manipulate the existing irrigation systems through at aremote distance as for an advanced and secured mode of undeniableoperations , this could enable the irrigation more simpler rather thanto reach the field and operated the commodities like motor manually,this also provides an authenticated access to the irrigation system asthat a simple personalized protocol for establishing the connectiontakes place here, as that cant be easily plagiarized thus the reliabilityon the security of the irrigations systems will be on a great hold inthis protocol.

Concept :-The concept of the above given protocol is to advance the

control of existing irrigation system control methods, this can beadopted simply be accessing the motors of the irrigation fieldthrough a remote distance just by using a simple RC 65 type remoteswhich is widely used on all remote based apparatuses like TV , VCR ,air-conditioning etc. The basic flow will be on this manner ,theauthentication protocol identifies the correct user who wishes tooperate the motors this can be done by selecting a proper remote

that sends only particular range of frequency (30-40)kHz and whichis to be received accordingly by a proper receiver TSOP1738, thenthe flow will be taken to the next switching parameters with this theright input pulse switch on the motor and the correct input alsoswitch off the motor on different basis ,The remote access isindicated through 16X2 LCD display for monitoring purpose.


11/26

CONCEPT SKETCH:-

To ON To OFF To OFF

START

INITIATE THE INPUT SIGNALS

CHECK THE

RECEPTIONPROTOCOL

Get switching inputs

Check theoperation

Switch ON the motor

(Using OFF Switch)

Switch OFF the motor

(Using ON switch )

If authenticated

Authenticationfailure

Operation continues till themain supply turns OFF


12/26

Working:-

IC 7404

The above block diagram shows thetypical connection of the system which uses a 8bit micro controller the NXPsemiconductors IC P89v51RD2 ,on which the TSOP 1738 module outputs areinterfaced to microcontrollers Port 0 (0 th and 6 th Pins) via a NOT gate (7404)to on and off the motors respectively, and also to verify the authenticated useridentification ,the LCD (16x2) is interfaced to the microcontrollers on ports (3and 1) to enter the control and data inputs,the dual motor driver IC L293D isconnected to PORT 2 of the micro controller through which the motors areconnected.As illustrated above the microcontroller operates as same as theconcept sketch flows.

Remote input

P89v51RD2TSOP1738IR-Receiver L293D

DC motor driver

MOTOR

LCD DISPLAY

MONITORING


13/26

Hardware:-

The main components of the system are microcontrollerP89v51RD2,TSOP1738,Inverter,LCD(16x2),L293d and DC motor.

Microcontroller(P89v51RD2):-

The P89V51RD2 is an 80C51 microcontroller with 64 kB Flash and1024 bytes of data RAM. A key feature of the P89V51RD2 is its X2 modeoption. The design engineer can choose to run the application with theconventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks per machine cycle) or select the X2mode (6 clocks per machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the same

clock frequency. Another way to benefit from this feature is to keep the sameperformance by reducing the clock frequency by half, thus dramaticallyreducing the EMI. The Flash program memory supports both parallelprogramming and in serial In-System Programming (ISP). Parallel programmingmode offers gang-programming at high speed, reducing programming costsand time to market. ISP allows a device to be reprogrammed in the endproduct under software control. The capability to field/update the applicationfirmware makes a wide range of applications possible. The P89V51RD2 is alsoIn-Application Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash program memory to bereconfigured even while the application is running.

Features:

80C51 Central Processing Unit 5 V Operating voltage from 0 to 40 MHz 64 kB of on-chip Flash program memory with ISP (In-System Programming) and

IAP (In-Application Programming) Supports 12-clock (default) or 6-clock mode selection via software or ISP SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and enhanced UART PCA (Programmable Counter Array) with PWM and Capture/Compare functions Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current Port 1 pins (16 mA each) Three 16-bit timers/counters Programmable Watchdog timer (WDT) Eight interrupt sources with four priority levels


14/26

Second DPTR register Low EMI mode (ALE inhibit) TTL- and CMOS- -out detection Low power modes Power-down mode with external interrupt wake-up Idle mode

TSOP 1738:- The TSOP 1738 is a member of IR remote controlreceiver series. This IR sensor module consists of a PIN diode and a preamplifier which are embedded into a single package. The output of TSOP is

active low and it gives +5V in off state. When IR waves, from a source, with aCentre frequency of 38 kHz incident on it, its output goes low.Lights coming from sunlight, fluorescent lamps etc. may cause disturbance to it

and result in undesirable output even when thesource is not transmitting IR signals. A band

pass filter, an integrator stage and an automaticgain control are used to suppress suchdisturbances. TSOP module has an inbuilt

control circuit for amplifying the coded pulses


15/26

from the IR transmitter. A signal is generated when PIN photodiode receives thesignals. This input signal is received by an automatic gain control (AGC). For arange of inputs, the output is fed back to AGC in order to adjust the gain to asuitable level. The signal from AGC is passed to a band pass filter to filterundesired frequencies. After this, the signal goes to a demodulator and thisdemodulated output drives an NPN transistor. The collector output of thetransistor is obtained at pin 3 of TSOP module.

Members of TSOP17xx series are sensitive to different center frequenciesof the IR spectrum. For example TSOP1738 is sensitive to 38 kHzwhereas TSOP1740 to 40 kHz center frequency.

LCD (16X2):-

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)screen is an electronic display module andfind a wide range of applications. A 16x2LCD display is very basic module and isvery commonly used in various devicesand circuits. These modules are preferredover seven segments and other multisegment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDsare economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special& even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD

has two registers, namely, Command and Data .The command register storesthe command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction givento LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting thecursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to bedisplayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to bedisplayed on the LCD
http://www.engineersgarage.com/content/seven-segment-displayhttp://www.engineersgarage.com/content/ledhttp://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/create-custom-characters-LCD-AT89C51http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/display-custom-animations-LCD-AT89C51http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/display-custom-animations-LCD-AT89C51http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/create-custom-characters-LCD-AT89C51http://www.engineersgarage.com/content/ledhttp://www.engineersgarage.com/content/seven-segment-display


16/26

L293D (DUAL DC MOTOR DRIVER):-L293D is a dual H-bridge motor

driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act ascurrent amplifiers since they take a low-currentcontrol signal and provide a higher-current signal.This higher current signal is used to drive themotors.L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge drivercircuits. In its common mode of operation, two DCmotors can be driven simultaneously, both in forwardand reverse direction. The motor operations of twomotors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input logic00 or 11 will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it inclockwise and anticlockwise directions; respectively .Enable pins 1 and 9(corresponding to the two motors) must be high for motors to start operating.When an enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled. As a result, theoutputs become active and work in phase with their inputs. Similarly, when theenable input is low, that driver is disabled, and their outputs are off and in thehigh-impedance state.

Auxiliary Components:-IC 7404 (NOT Gate-Inverter) to invert the output produced by TSOP 1738,

Jumper wires, Supply, DC motor (Prototype), Motor supply etc.
http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-circuits/h-bridge-motor-controlhttp://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-circuits/h-bridge-motor-control


17/26

SOFTWARE:-

Coding:-

#include

sbit E=P0^0;

sbit H=P0^6;

sbit RS=P3^0;

sbit RW=P3^1;

sbit S=P3^2;

unsigned char arr1[17]={ " MOTOR ON " },arr2[18]={ " MOTOR OFF "},arr3[16]={ "INITIATE SIGNAL" },i;

unsigned char arr4[16]={ "SIGNAL CONFIRMED"};

void lcdcmd(unsigned char k);

void lcddat(unsigned char k);

void delay1 (unsigned int del);

void main(void)

{

P2=0x00;

P0 = 0x00;

P3=0x07;

lcdcmd(0x3C); //Initialize LCD

lcdcmd(0x01); // Clear LCD

lcdcmd(0x0E); // Display ON


18/26

lcdcmd(0x03); // Entry mode - Auto increment

lcdcmd(0x80); // Address of the first line in the LCD

for(i=0;i


19/26

P2=0x00;

{

lcdcmd(0x80); // Address of the first line in the LCD

for(i=0;i


20/26

Proteus Simulation Model:-

Fig: Shows the typical Proteus model on standby state


21/26

Conclusion:-Thus it is seen the easy application of a simple

embedded logic would bring out with a highly efficient andsecure irrigation system and control through which theirrigation can be maintained and controlled without eventreaching the field or irrigation facility, this provides a betterway of controlling the traditional motors at a remotedistance that proves the ease of access through thistechnique and its been implemented through simplecomponents the cost of this project might not be a greatdeal in implementing on wide case. This would provide abetter irrigation and secured motor operation on all fields.

Future Work:This project is been initially proposed to made as

control and monitor standardized instrument through theconcept of GSM with mobile communication, that mightcover a large area of monitoring and controlling as GSM is asatellite based communication media, Hence extension ofthis project with GSM and mobile communication alongwith certain agricultural accessory robots like Ploughingrobots, Harvesting robot, Fertilizer spraying robot could

enable the mode of farming to a far better and easy placeaway from the hurdles as its facing now.


22/26

Complete Model Main Circuit ON

Signal Initiation Authentication

Enter Authenticated Signal Signal Confirmation

Pictures Showing the Working of Prototype


23/26

Motor OFF Switching ON the Motor

Motor ON Model during Main OFF

Video Demonstration:

A complete video demonstration of the prototype is available in the

following links

1)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvzRmOKBkmU

2)https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzQ3khXLWoDyNjBKanJTdXlmZjA/edit?usp=sharing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvzRmOKBkmUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvzRmOKBkmUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvzRmOKBkmUhttps://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzQ3khXLWoDyNjBKanJTdXlmZjA/edit?usp=sharinghttps://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzQ3khXLWoDyNjBKanJTdXlmZjA/edit?usp=sharinghttps://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzQ3khXLWoDyNjBKanJTdXlmZjA/edit?usp=sharinghttps://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzQ3khXLWoDyNjBKanJTdXlmZjA/edit?usp=sharinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvzRmOKBkmU


24/26

COST SPLIT UP OF THIS PROJECT

SL No Component Cost

1 Microcontroller Board

(PV89V52 RD2)

Rs 450

2 USB Connector Rs 50

3 LCD Display Rs 150

4 TSOP IR SENSOR

(TSOP 1738,TSOP 1754)

Rs 60

5 Jumper Wires Rs 200

6 IR Receiver Module

(IR 1738,1754 based Remote)

Rs 80

7 L293D-Dual motor Driver Rs 80

8 Source ( Battery, Power Adapters) Rs 150

9 Miscellaneous

(Logic Gates, Drivers, Soldering Iron, Bread Board,

Motors)

Rs 500

10 Total Rs 1720


25/26

References :-I. www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/dutch/2006.06.07_Bandara.pdf

II. www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/IWMI_Research.../REPORT09.PDF

III. www.ltinstitute.com/.../Electronics%5CProject%5CPDFProject%5Cprojec. .

IV. SMS based device switching and status monitoring BY , Yash doshi ,Vaibhav doshi ,Aniketkhedekar,Kaushal joshi Under Guidance Of Mrs. Radha sivadas VIVEKANAND EDUCATIONSOCIETYS POLYTECHNIC, CHEMBUR, MUMBAI -71

V. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume4Issue4- 2013 ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 533GSM Based Telemetry System Tanvi G.BadhekaDepartment of BiomedicalEngineering,Gujarat Technological University,

VI. Photo Modules for PCM Remote Control Systems(TSOP 17 User manual)VII. Practical Course on Embedded Systems_Lab Manual (Mepco Schlenk Engineering

College,sivakasi)VIII. VEHICLE MONITORING, ACCIDENT DETECTION AND REPORTING SYSTEM USING

GPS AND GSM A PROJECT REPORT. Submitted by, K.LAKSHMIPRIYA ,R.VIJAYALAKSHMIunder the guidance of Mrs.Meena Lakshmi Assistant Professor Dept. Of ECE ,MepcoSchlenk Engineering College.

Websites:-www.keil.com www.engineersgarage.com www.robokits.co.in www.instructables.com www.digibay.in www.google.co.in
http://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/dutch/2006.06.07_Bandara.pdfhttp://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/IWMI_Research.../REPORT09.PDFhttp://www.ltinstitute.com/.../Electronics%5CProject%5CPDFProject%5Cprojechttp://www.keil.com/http://www.keil.com/http://www.engineersgarage.com/http://www.engineersgarage.com/http://www.robokits.co.in/http://www.robokits.co.in/http://www.instructables.com/http://www.instructables.com/http://www.digibay.in/http://www.digibay.in/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.digibay.in/http://www.instructables.com/http://www.robokits.co.in/http://www.engineersgarage.com/http://www.keil.com/http://www.ltinstitute.com/.../Electronics%5CProject%5CPDFProject%5Cprojechttp://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/IWMI_Research.../REPORT09.PDFhttp://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/dutch/2006.06.07_Bandara.pdf


26/26

Declaration:

We hereby declare that the above given project report

and the project on Extremely Secured Remote accessed irrigation system is completely done and reported by us and its not liable to any sort of

plagiarism. Information provided here is complete and rightful to our

concern and belief.

Signature

(M.Kiruba Sankar)

(R.Siva Subramaninan)

(C.Ruban Karthik)

Date: 30.4.14

Place: Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi

Extremely Secure Remote Accessed Irrigation System

Documents

Transcript of Extremely Secure Remote Accessed Irrigation System