About Viavi

Small Cell Zone @ MWC

Extreme non-uniformity of cellular networks the answer: Small CellsPaul.Gowans@Viavisolutions.com

Hall 6, Stand I37

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#

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Who is Viavi Solutions?For the past five years, JDSU has focused investments on service provider and enterprise client needs including mobile assurance, location intelligence, cloud, data center, and virtualization

Target the needs of service providers and enterprise organizationsCreate clearer Viavi investment profileEnhance Viavi shareholder value

Transforming business performance for service provider, enterprise, and cloud operations through a unique, end-to-end quality of experience platform

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#Extreme non-uniformity in mobile networks TimeGame changing performance & QoE through customer-centric SON Subscriber Location Application

Voice TrafficConsumed in business districtData TrafficConsumed in restaurants and leisure areas

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#Todays radio access networks are massively non-uniform in many dimensions.Time: enormous growth in demand for connectivity, data rates and volumes. Also more granular changes with levels of demand changing minute by minute.Subscriber: different cohorts with various usage patterns, tariffs and bandwidth consumptionLocation: Huge variations in usage patterns from rural to dense urban. But we find that even within the coverage area of a cell the demand can vary enormouslyService type: voice and data, usage of OTTs, each of which have a different set of requirements on the network to achieve acceptable level of service. Also have different value to the operator in terms of differentiation such as VoLTE.Lets consider some of these in more detail.3

Non uniformity over time30% variation in utilisation within a 15 minute period

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#We know that demand for data is growing fast and that this growth is dependent on service type.But the demand for data is non-uniform over much shorter timescales4

Extreme non-uniformity of usage by subscriber

90% of the data is consumed by 10% of the users

50% of the data is consumed by only 1% of the users!Data from Viavi 2015 Study

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#For example, lets look at the non-uniformities in subscribers and see how much data each user consumes. We can sort them in descending order and calculate their cumulative usage.Remarkably we see that 90% of the data is consumed by only 10% of the usersEven more remarkably 50% is consumed by just 1%....This means that if I can add focussed capacity to serve those 1% I have doubled the capacity of my network overall5

Geographical non-uniformity of usage

90% of the data is consumed in less than 5% of the area

50% of the data is consumed in less than 0.35% of the area!Data Consumption by proportion of area (Data from Viavi 2015 Study)Network divided into 50mx50m tiles.Data consumption measured in each tile.Sort by total data consumption in each tileThis shows that the distribution of data consumption by area is even more extreme than data consumption by users.

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#We took a region that represents many small / mid size countries and broke it into millions of 50m by 50m tiles and then sorted them by consumption by users within the tiles. Looking spatially like this we see that the traffic is not just confined to a few users but a few places. 6

Non-uniformity by service type

Voice TrafficConsumed in business district

Data TrafficConsumed in restaurants and leisure areas

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#

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Dynamic Mobile Networks

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#No point in just looking at the busy hour this may change weekend and weekdays - roamers8

What problem does this create?

User demands meet the Shannon Limit No Cellular technology can serve the demand with just a Macro Network

4G is close to the theoretical limit

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#So what does all this mean? We know that data demand is growing and will continue to grow in the future and we know that traditional macro networks are limited by the Shannon limit, without more spectrum it is not clear that new techniques will provide the step gains we have been used to.The good news is, that modern optimization methods are able to target the network performance surgically and with alignment to the operators business goals. And when we need to invest in extra capacity, we dont need this extreme capacity everywhere. If we can find our elusive .35% of the surface and 1% of the customer and serve them, then our existing Macro Network can provide all the requirements for the other 99%.9

Where do I put the small cells?

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#Small Cell Placement

90% of the data is consumed by less than 5% of the area

Over 50% of the data is consumed by less than 1% of the area!Data Consumption by proportion of area (Data from Viavi 2015 Study)

The answer is not always obvious

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#Small Cell Network DesignCombine map layers to derive a suitability indexAutomatically identify polygons meeting the criteriaAutomatically create reports for final confirmationCapacity, Quality, Coverage, VIPBefore/After forperformance verificationWhich one goes first

1000s candidates

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#To be most effective we need to use our subscriber centric data to identify what meets our criteria of being a hotspot and prioritise these. We also want to be able to integrate the small cells with the macro network after placement and ensure that they are optimised.The calculation and prioritization can be achieved by doing analytics on the subscriber centric data, to combine the different aspects; the mobility, unique users, etc.This will result in polygons meeting the criteria being identified.12

Proper hotspot identification criteria based on combination of KPIs

Ec/Io

RSCP

Unique UsersMobility

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#Lets take a real example. We can study an area using specific criteria.Here we can see various components of the hotspot definition, for example RF coverage metrics, user counts and degree of mobility.Each provides its own insight and could on its own be used to identify hotspotsBut its very difficult visually to determine what are the most relevant hotspots according to all of our criteria in a blended way.[transition] This is where we can use the power of subscriber centric data in combination with analytics to identify hotspots in a consistent way.Now lets look in more detail at this example.13

Small cell location examples

FullHotspot Coverage

Partial Hotspot CoverageNoHotspot CoveredBackhaul Options

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#We have identified areas that meet our criteria for being a capacity hotspot.The next piece of the puzzle is to understand where we have backhaul options.Now we are fully equipped to answer the question of where it make most sense to place small cells so that we maximise the ROI.3 example no hotspot coverage partial hotspot coverage full hotspot coverage.This approach empowers you to surgical place your small cells to maximum effect.14

SummaryExtreme non-uniformity in NetworksSmall cells needed as we approach limitsPrecision placement needed to meet demand and QoE

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#

2015 Viavi Solutions, Inc. | Viavi Confidential and Proprietary Information#