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Extracts from Youth in Tanzania Today: The Report 2013 11 ......2013/11/09 · Dodoma, Arusha,...
Transcript of Extracts from Youth in Tanzania Today: The Report 2013 11 ......2013/11/09 · Dodoma, Arusha,...
Extracts from Youth in Tanzania Today: The Report 2013 11/09/2013 1
11/09/2013 Extracts from Youth in Tanzania Today: The Report 2013 2 #youthledsolutions #youthvoices
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WHY YOUNG PEOPLE?
Demographics
Disproportionally Affected
Excluded / Unrecognised Group
Distinct Needs
11/09/2013 Extracts from Youth in Tanzania Today: The Report 2013
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WHY 2015?
A new constitution
A new government
A new global development framework.
Young people are a resource, an asset. They
have agency.
Extracts from Youth in Tanzania Today: The Report 2013
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The Study
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Objectives
• What progress has been made on
key areas of youth development?
• What drives or impedes youth
development from the youth lens?
• What lessons can we take for future
youth development in Tanzania?
Methods
• Desk Review
• Focus group discussions
• Individual surveys
• Key informant interviews
• Information sharing via blogs, drop
box, and crowd map
Geography
Purposive zonal sampling
Random district sampling
Urban and rural ward in every district
(random)
Regions: Mwanza, Shinyanga,
Dodoma, Arusha, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Dar
Es Salaam
Demographics
Target group of 15-29 year olds
21.9 years (average age of participants)
1037 young people surveyed (61%
female, 10% people with disabilities)
224 youth involved in focus groups
64 local and national stakeholders
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The Demographics 50% of the global population is under 25, that’s 3.5 billion young
people!
In Tanzania, young people under 25 make more than 66% of the
population.
Young Tanzanians are more literate than their parents’ generation,
yet more likely to be un-employed
900,000 young people entering the job market in Tanzania every
year, with only 4% successfully completing secondary level education
[Mo Ibrahim Foundation 2012]
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Literacy and Education
Literacy among participants is 63.6% lower than the global average of 84.1%
A comparison to figures from the National Bureau of Statistics showed that the number of
female participants with no education is three times lower than the national average
Young men are also enjoying better education than in the past, with 30% educated to
secondary level or higher compared to a national average of 23%
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8%
6%
59%
58%
2%
3%
24%
28%
6%
6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Male
Female
Education levels among State of Youth respondents
No formal schooling Primary Adult literacy Secondary University/College
Livelihoods
Unemployment among respondents is 50%, over four times
Higher than the national rate of 11.7%.
Higher rates and no alternative sources of income for
participants in Dar Es Salaam.
“A youth in Dar es Salaam is more than 6 times (13 per cent) more
likely to be unemployed than a rural youth” (Jacques Morrisett,
World Bank)
The survey data indicate that employment potential for youths without
education is mainly in the private traditional agriculture sector.
Analytical Report, Integrated Labour Force Survey, 2001-01
Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics
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Sexual Health The 2011-2015 National Adolescent Reproductive Health Strategy is a key
deliberate effort to strengthen implementation directed at young people.
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61%
54%
36%
34%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Counselling services
HIV counselling and testing
STI testing and treatment
Family planning services
Access to SRH services 31% have spoken to their
parents but more than half
reported their fear of
parental/guardian
reactions as a barrier to
discussion.
Only 35% consider
themselves at risk of
acquiring STIs, including
HIV. Participants
mentioned peer pressure
and monetary needs as
the main reasons for risks
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The Key Policies
2006 National Population Policy - It recognizes young people as a special group of priority if growth and employment issues are to be addressed. It seeks to promote youth participation in decision making to facilitate youth access to valuable resources for self-reliance and to promote the rights of youth
The 2007 Youth Development Policy - It looks to support youths’ affairs and provisions the government would provide.
“An important commitment a country can make for its future economic, social
and political progress, as well as stability, is to invest in the growth and
development needs of young people. Young people are today's as well as
tomorrow’s wage earners and entrepreneurs, educators and innovators, health
professionals, political and civic leaders, vital to economic growth and
wellbeing”
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Policy Awareness
21% of the respondents could not list a policy familiar to them
The top three policies able to be listed by participants were HIV/AIDS control,
Mkukuta II, and Anti-corruption
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31.5%
48.7%
51.5%
45.7%
40.7%
42.9%
43.2%
40.0%
31.3%
28.5%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0%
Local government reform
Mkukuta
HIV/AIDs control
Anti-corruption
Privatization
Education
Health
Water
Rural roads
Law and order
Knowledge on national policies
Policy/decision participation
40% of participants did not know their village chairperson.
Rural participants were less aware of governmental policies and their rights compared to
urban participants.
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11.2%
34.1%
2.1% 4.1%
7.1%
40.1%
1.3%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
yes no don't remember missing
female
male
Participation in Government or Local Authority Meetings
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CONSTITUTION
• With TYC – prepared the forum
for 120 young people across
Tanzania, some priorities raised
on draft:
Free secondary education;
Continued Union;
Age for contesting in election,
35 for presidential and 18
parliamentary;
Defined university education
costs
Formation of youth councils
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• 26 per cent of respondents
stated they’ve contributed to
the constitutional review.
• 16 per cent of respondents
reported attending consultation
sessions run by Constitutional
Review Commission
• 12 per cent, mainly from Dar es
Salaam and Dodoma, made
contributions via social media
• In areas where participation
was low, youth attributed this to
a lack of information on the
process, insufficient knowledge
of the current constitution or a
their views would not be
considered.
MDG Consultations
Ranked priorities from young people:
• Promoting good governance and
effective leadership
• Strengthening systems for
communication and global connectivity
• Peace building and conflict resolution
• Gender equality and social justice
• Improve livelihoods and wealth creation
• Mitigate rapid population growth
• Promote active citizenship and a
culture of self reliance
• Environmental protection and resource
scarcity
• Affordable and better quality health and
education systems
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Participatory consultation with a mix of 28
young people in and out of school between
the ages of 18-28. 47% of the group was
female, 71% of the group was aged 24 or
under and representation came from ten
regions of Tanzania.
Iringa, Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, Lindi,
Manyara, Arusha, Dodoma, Mwanza,
Simiyu, Kilimanjaro, and Mara.
Over two days, young people in groups and
individually had an opportunity to analyse
and share their visions looking back at the
successes and challenges of the MDGs;
the current situation of Tanzania; and to
vision the changes they want to see in the
next framework.
Elections
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61%
30%
9%
Yes No Not Sure
Young people planning to vote
At the time of the survey,
approximately 60 per cent of
respondents intended to vote,
ranging from 38% in Arusha to over
70% in Rukwa and Ruvuma. Less
female respondents were planning
to vote (56%) than males (65%).
Over half of the respondents say
exercising their right to vote is a key
motivator.
To a lesser extent, respondents
were motivated by their belief that
youth can generate change, having
good contestants and the promise
of a reduction in violence and
electoral malpractice.
Violence and electoral malpractice
were identified as the main factors
which will stop youth participants
from voting
“In Kisarawe, young people registered as
members of a political party, went to the village
and told the village leaders that we want to take
over the leadership but you remain as our
advisers. They took all the leadership positions
and the elders provide them with advice …
youth and elders are in harmony.” (TAMASHA,
ZAWIYA).
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• What progress is being made to strengthen
youth participation in the policy and political
process in Tanzania?
• How can we encourage young people to
proactively take part in policy and political
processes?
• How can we strengthen adult-youth partnerships
to manage conflict and build mutual trust?
Extracts from Youth in Tanzania Today: The Report 2013