EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF PLANT DERIVED · PDF fileEXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF PLANT...
-
Upload
truongkhue -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
2
Transcript of EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF PLANT DERIVED · PDF fileEXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF PLANT...
EXTRACTION AND
PURIFICATION OF PLANT
DERIVED SURFACTANTS
Buse Nur TEKİN, Gülden DÖNMEZ, Merve Deniz KÖSE, Mehmet ÜSTÜNDAŞ, Oğuz
BAYRAKTAR
Ege University Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Sapindus mukorossi
• Soybean waste water
• Experimental
• Results
• Conclusion
2
INTRODUCTION
• Human health has been adversely affected by the
increasing use of synthetic surfactants.
• Hence, studies which are to obtain natural surfactant
from plant and industrial waste are increasing
importance day by day.
• Both Sapindus mukorossi fruit and soybean waste
water rich in saponins were examined in this study.
3
Natural surfactants have gained importance
because realizing economical aspect, health and
environmental effect of usage of synthetic surfactants.
Primary studies in surfactants were concerned with
obtain natural surfactants from plants such as S.
mukorossi, Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), Soapwort
(Saponaria officinalis), Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum),
The Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Soap
Lily (Chlorogalum pomeridianum), Yucca.
4
Sapindus mukorossi
It is known as soapberries or soapnut.
Saponin is a type of nonionic surfactant.
Naturally saponins occur from glycosides of steroids,
alkaloids and triterpenoids.
Sapogenin + Monosaccharide = Saponin
5
6
7
Soybean waste water
• Soybean waste commonly given to the municipal
water sewer and cause environmental problems like
eutrotification. Soybean waste contains 23%
hemicellulose, 16% cellulose and 28% protein.
Soybean waste water Soybean
8
Food Amount of Saponin (g/kg solid)
Peas (Pisum sativa spp) 11
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) 43
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) 6.3
Lentil 3.7-4.6
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) 47
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) 15
Oat (Avena sativa L.) 1.0
Garlic (Allium purchased L.) 2.9
Sesame Seeds (Sesame my inducer L.) 3.0
Green beans (P. vulgaris) 13
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 56
Bean (Vicia faba) 3.5
Beet (Beta vulgaris) 58
Table 1. Natural saponin sources [5].
9
Mostly used techniques for purifying saponins;
Ultrafiltration
Column chromatography
Foam fractionation
HPLC analyses .
Among these techniques foam separation is
considered as a simple, energy efficient and
environmentally friendly technique.
10
The leaching liquor from the S. mukorossi has
complex ingredients such as saponin, saccharides,
proteins and other compounds.
The foaming ability of saponins is caused by
the combination of a hydrophobic (fat-soluble)
sapogenin and a hydrophilic (water-soluble) sugar
part.
11
S.Mukorossi powder
dissolved in each solvent
(1:10) and (1:20) (w:v)
Extract made a foam
separation
200ml solution at
0.814 L/min at
25℃
UV spectrophotometer
200ml solution
at 0.814 L/min
at 80℃
Soybean waste
water
FT-IR analysis
HPLC analysis
EXPERIMENTAL
For S.mukorossi
For soybean 12
RESULTS
solvent type solid- liquid
ratio (g/ml) yield %
g saponin/10g raw
mat.
Water (1:10) 76 2.4
water@100C (1:10) 71 2.5
ethanol-water (1:10) 78 3.9
Ethanol (1:10) 68 3.5
Acetone (1:10) 65 3.4
Water (1:20) 74 2.8
water@100C (1:20) 70 2.6
ethanol-water (1:20) 66 2.5
Ethanol (1:20) 45 1.2
Table 1. Effects of solvents and solid/liquid ratio on the characteristics of S.mukorossi saponins .
Optimum extraction conditions were found as ethanol water solution at 1:10 ratio. 13
• FTIR spectra of the samples showed –OH, -C=O, C-H, and
C=C absorptions characteristic of oleanane triterpenoid
saponins. The C-O-C absorptions showed glycoside connect to
the sapogenins [3].
Figure 1. FTIR spectra of the foam fractination product and oleanolic
acid [2]. 14
Figure 2. FT-IR spectra of S. mukorossi Extract. (W:Water, E:Ethanol,
EW:Ethanol-water, BW:Water at 100℃)
15
Exp. No Initial Solution Final Foam Residual Solution
Air Flow Rate (L/min) Time (min) Volume (ml) 200 28 172
pH 5,58 6,2 6,6
Colour Slightly yellow White Slightly yellow
Volume (ml) 200 30 170
pH 6,86 7,54 7,47
Colour Slightly yellow White Slightly yellow
B
A
Parameters
Temperature 25℃
Temperature 80℃
0,814 75
Table 2. Results of foam separation
16
Figure 3. FT-IR Spectra of samples: RW: Raw material, EW:Ethanol-
water solution, FA:Foam phase A, FB:Foam phase B.
Foam phase was rich in saponin compared with
ethanol – water extract and raw material.
With increasing the temperature, the adsorption is
enhanced as in the case of foam fraction experiment
carried out at relatively higher temperature. 17
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5
mA
U
min
FP
IS
BP
IS
Figure 4. HPLC chromatogram analysis of saponins in soybean
waste water. (FP:Foam phase, IS:Initial solution).
Calculated enrichment ratio was found as 57% using spectrophotometric analysis, and 61% using HPLC analysis.
By using foam separation method it was possible to obtain value added natural surfactants from soybean waste waters. 18
CONCLUSION
• With foam separation technique higher amount of
saponins can be obtained from S.mukorossi and soy
bean waste. The obtained product is non-toxic and
eco-friendly. This product could be used in baby
shampoo, detergents and pesticide residue as a
replacement ingredient.
19
CONCLUSION
• By using foam separation technique it is possible to
obtain value added natural surfactants from waste
water. Valorization of these wastes are highly
important for the national economy.
20
REFERENCES [1] Yan, J., Wu, Z.L., Zhao, Y.L., Jiang, C.S., 2011. Seperation of tea saponin by two stage foam fractionation. Seperation and Purification Technology. 80, 300-305.
[2] Li, R., Wu, Z. L., Wang, Y.J., Li.L.L., 2013. Separation of total saponins from the pericarp of S. mukorossi Gaerten. by foam fractionation. Industrial Crops and Products. 51, 163– 170.
[3] Kareru, P. G1. Keriko, J. M1., Gachanja, A. N1., Kenji, G. M., 2008. Direct Detection of Triterpenoid Saponins in Medicinal Plants. Afr. J. Trad. CAM 5 (1): 56 – 60.
[4] Akbel, E., Karadağ, Funda., 2012. Saponin ve Reproduktif Etkileri,Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi 5, 25-29.
[5] Dinda, B., Debnath, S., Mohanta B. C., Harigaya, Y.,2010. Naturally occurring triterpenoid saponins. Chemistry and Biodiversity. 7, 2327-2580.
[6] Cheok, C.Y., Salman, H. A. K., Sulaiman, R., 2014. Food Research International. 59, 16-40.
[7] Du, M., Huang, S., Zhang, J., Wang, J., Hu, L., Jıang, J., 2013. Isolation of Total Saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Gaerth. Vol.4, No.1, 24-27.
[8] Heng, W., Ling, Z., Na, W., Youzhi, G., Zhen, W., Zhiyong, S., Deping, X., Yunfei, X., Weirong, Y., 2015. Extraction and Fermantation-Based Purification of Saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. 18, 429-438.
[9] Ibrahim, M., Khan, A.A., 2006. Antimicrobial Activity of Sapindus Mukorossi and Rheum Emodi Extracts Against H pylori: In itro and in vivo studies. World J Gastroenterol , 12(44), 7136-7142.
[10] Sparg, S.G. , Light, M.E. , van Stade, J., 2004. Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 94 (2004) 219–243.
[11] Takeuchi, T. M., Pereira, C. G., Braga, M. E. M., Marostica, M. R., Leal, P. F., & Meireles, M. A. A., 2009. Low pressure solvent extraction (Solid liquid extraction, microwave assisted, and ultrasound assisted) from condimentary plants. In M. A. A. Meireles (Ed.), Extracting bioactive compounds for food products-Theory and applications (pp.140-144). Boca Raton: CRC press, 151-158.
[12] Bhargava, D., Shivapuri, J.N., Kar, S., Pandit, B.R., Sidhiqie, A., Upadhyay, A., Thakur, S., Mondal, K.C., 2012. Evaluation of Antigonorrhoeal Activity of Saponins Extract of Sapindus Mukorossi Gaertn. Vol.3, No.2, 459.
21
Thank you very much for your kind Attention!
22