Extra Syntax Exercises 4 - Aarhus Universitet

ExtraSyntaxExercises4

KenRamshøjChristensenAarhusUniversity

2016

[email protected]:V°-to-I°andI°-to-C°.XP-movement:Wh-movement.

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Exercise1

Classifyandgiveasmuchinforma@onasyoucanabouteachofthewordsinthefollowingsentence:

ThoseveryrustyandbluntinstrumentsthatIle5inthegarageshouldnotbeusedforbrainsurgery.

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Exercise2Drawthetreestructureofthefollowingsentences:(1)  Becausethisexercisemightbetricky,youshould

concentrate.(2)  ItisactuallygeVngverylate.(3)  IsitalwayscoldandbiXer?(4)  Whatisshedoing?(5)  Whydidthechickencrosstheroad?(6)  WherecanIgetalargebeerandabigbowlofcrisps?(7)  Doeshereallyknowwhattodonext?(8)  Whodoherfriendsregretthattheyinvited?(9)  Whowillknowwhichonetochoose?

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ANSWERSTOEXERCISE1

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Those Determiner,D°,demonstra@ve,plural,func@onword

in Preposi9on,P°,lexicalcontentword(sometreatmentsseepreposi@onsasfunc@onwords)

very Adverb,Adv°,lexicalcontentword the Determiner,D°,ar@cle,definite,func@onword

rusty Adjec9ve,Adj°,aXribu@ve,posi@ve(plain),lexicalcontentword

garage Noun,N°,commonnoun,countnoun,singular,lexicalcontentword

and Coordina9ngconjunc9on,func@onword

should Auxiliaryverb,I°,modal,finite,simplepastform,func@onword

blunt Adjec9ve,Adj°,aXribu@ve,posi@ve(plain),lexicalcontentword

not Adverb,Adv°,nega@on,func@onword

instrumentsNoun,N°,commonnoun,countnoun,plural,lexicalcontentword

be Auxiliaryverb(passive),V°,non-finite,infini@ve,func@onword

that Complemen9ser,C°,subordina@ngconjunc@on,func@onword

used Lexical/mainverb,V°,non-finite,pastpar@ciple(NOTsimplepast),lexicalcontentword

I Pronoun,D°,firstperson,singular,nomina@ve,func@onword

for Preposi9on,P°,lexicalcontentword(sometreatmentsseepreposi@onsasfunc@onwords)

le6 Lexical/mainverb,V°,finite,simplepastform,(NOTpastpar@ciple),lexicalcontentword

brainsurgery

Noun,N°,compound,commonnoun,non-countnoun,lexicalcontentword

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ANSWERSTOEXERCISE2

TreesdrawnusingMilesShang’sSyntaxTreeGenerator(hXp://mshang.ca/syntree/)Addi@onaltext,figures,linesandarrowsaddedinMicroso5PowerPoint

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(1)

Adjunct:ThisembeddedclauseisamodifieradjoinedtothematrixIP.ItprecedesthesubjectinthematrixIP-spec.

Mightisamodalverb.ModalsarealwaysFINITEandareborninI°.

Shouldisamodalverb.ModalsarealwaysFINITEandareborninI°.

SubjectinIP-specofmatrixclause

SubjectinIP-specofembeddedclause

Adjunc@ontoanXPprojectsanotherinstanceofthatXP.

MainverbsneverleaveV°(exceptbe).

Thecopulaverbbe(”mainverbbe”)isbase-generatedinaV°(unlikethemodals,ithasanon-finiteform).WhenitisFINITE,itmovestoI°,whereitprecedestheadverbialleh-adjoinedtoVP.

ThisembeddedclauseisadjoinedtoIP.NotethatthereisNOsubject-auxiliaryinversion(SAI)here,sothereisnoneedtopostulateaCP.

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(2)

V°-to-I°movement:AuxiliarybeisborninV°,butitMOVEStoI°whenitisFINITE.


SubjectinIP-spec

Adjunct:Leh-adjoinedmodifierofVP


Leh-adjoinedmodifierofAdjP

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(3)

V°-to-I°movement:ThecopulabeistheonlymainverbthatevermovestoI°,anditonlydoessowhenitisFINITE.(AuxiliaryhaveandbeareborninV°andmovetoI°whenFINITE.)

I°-to-C°movement:Subject-auxiliaryinversion(SAI)

SubjectinIP-spec


COORDINATION:[email protected]@on,coordina@onprojectsanotherinstanceofthephrasetypeofthetwocoordinatedcons@tuents(here:AdjP).


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(4)

V°-to-I°movement:BeisborninV°andmovestoI°whenitisFINITE.

I°-to-C°movement:Subject-auxiliaryinversion(SAI)

Wh-movement:MovementtoCP-spec

Object:Bornasthe

sisterofV°

SubjectinIP-spec


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(5)

Wh-movement

I°-to-C°movement:Subject-auxiliaryinversion(SAI).

Do-supporttakesplacedirectlyintoI°:dummydoisalwaysFINITE.

Adjunct:OriginatesasamodifierofVP

SubjectinIP-spec

Object:theDPsisterofV°



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(6)

Wh-movement:Movementtospec-CP


Canisamodalverb.Modalsarealways

FINITEandareborninI°.

Adjunct:OriginatesasamodifierofVP Subject

inIP-spec


COORDINATION:[email protected]@on,coordina@onprojectsanotherinstanceofthephrasetypeofthetwocoordinatedcons@tuents(here:DP).

Com-plement

ofN°

Leh-adjoinedmodifierofNP

Leh-adjoinedmodifierofNP

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SubjectinIP-spec



Clausalobject:SisterofV°.Sisteroftheverbknow.NON-FINITEembeddedclause.

TheINFINITIVEmarkertoisinI°.

Object:Bornasthesisteroftheverbdo.

(7)

Non-overtsubjectinIP-spec

Anon-overtsubject(ec)inIP-spec–an‘understood’subject–ispossibleonlyinsomenon-finitesentences.

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(8)

Clausalobject:Sisteroftheverbregret.



SubjectinIP-spec

SubjectinIP-spec


Object:BornasthesisterofV°



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(9)

SubjectinIP-spec

Shouldisamodalverb.ModalsarealwaysFINITEandareinsertedinI°.


Clausalobject:Sisteroftheverbknow.NON-FINITEembeddedclause.

TheINFINITIVEmarkertoisinI°.


Non-overtsubjectinIP-spec

Object:BornasthesisterofV°


Mainclausewh-ques@onwithalocalwh-subjectinIP-spec,NOTinCP-spec

Extra Syntax Exercises 4 - Aarhus Universitet

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