Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4

7/23/2019 Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4

1/10

We use for and since to say how long something has been happening.

We use for + a period of time (two hours, six

weeks

etc.):

We

use

since+ the start of a period

(8 o clock, Monday,

1999

et c.) :

0 Ive be en wa iting for

two

hours.

0

Ive been wait ing since 8 o clock.

for two

hours since 8 o clock

t w o h o u ~ a g o ~ ~ n o w

8 o l o k ~ ~ now

for

two hours

20 minutes

a long

time

six months

a week ages

five days

50 years

years

8 o clock

April

lunchtime

since

Monday

2001

we arrived

12 Ma y

Christmas

I got up

0 Sally has been working here for six

months . not sin

ce si

x

month

s)

0

I haven t seen Tom

for

three

days.

0 Sally

has

been working here since April.

(=fr

om

April until now)

C

I

haven t seen Tom

since Monday.

lt

is

possible to leave out for (but not usually in negative sentences):

0 They ve been married (for) ten years. (with or without

for

)

0 They haven t had a holiday for ten years. (you must use for)

We do not

use for+ all ... (all

day I

all my life

etc.):

0 I ve lived here all my life. not

for

all my life)

You can use

in

instead

of

for

in

ne

gat

ive sentences

I haven t

... etc.):

G They haven t had a holiday in ten years.

(=for

ten years)

Compare

when

...

?

+past simple)

and

how

long ...

?

+present perfect):

A:

When

did it start raining?

s: lt started ra ini ng

an hour

ago I

at

1 o clock.

A: How Long has it been rain i

ng?

s:

lt s been raining for

an

hour I since 1 o clock.

A:

When

d id j

oe

and Carol first meet?

Th

f

. {

a

Long time

ago.

s:

ey lrst

met when

they

were at

school.

A: How long have th ey known each other?

{

for a Long time .

s:

They ve known each other .

h h L

smce t ey

were at

se

oo

.

since someth ing happen

ed

We say:

lt s (= lt is)

r lt s been

(=

lt has been)

a long time

six months e tc. )

0 lt s

two years

since I last

sa

w joe.

r

lt s been two years since

..

.

(= I haven t

see

n j oe for two years)

0 lt s

ages

since we went to the cinema. r lt s

been ages

since .. .

(= We haven t been to the cinema for ages)

0 How Long is

it

since Mrs Hill died?

r

How Long has it been since .. . ?

(= When did Mrs Hill die?)

C

ow long

have you (been) ... ? t Unit 11

____


2/10

Exercises

Write for or

since.

1

lt

' b . . smce l ht

een

ra1n1ng

....................... unc 1me.

2 Sarah has lived in Paris .................. ......

1995

.

3 Paul has lived in Brazil ..

.... ....... ten

years.

4 I' .

d

f . . w

b . . h h

t1re o wa 1t1ng.

eve

een s1tt1ng ere .... ..... ... ... an our.

5 Kevin has been looking

for

a job ...... .............

...............

he left school.

6

I

haven't

been

to

a

party

...

.........

...

.

.....

. ages.

7

I wonder where joe is. I haven't seen him last week.

8 jane is away. She's been away .................. Friday.

9 The wea

ther

is dry. lt hasn't rained .. ........ ....

...

.. .. a

few

weeks.

Write questions

with

how Long and

when

.

1 it's raining.

(how long?) How

lQ_

lg

h


3/10

Study this example situation:

Ten

minutes

later:

Tom

is

looking for

his key. He

can't find it.

He has Lost his key. present perfect)

This means that

he

doesn't have his

key now.

No

w Tom has

found

his

key. He has

it now.

Has he

lost

his key? No, he has found it.

Did

he Lose his key? Yes

,

he

did .

He lost his

key

past simple)

but now

he

has

found

it.

present perfect)

The present perfect (something has happened)

is

a present tense. lt always tells

us

about the

situation

now.

'Tom has

lost his key'= he

doesn't have

hi

s key

now (see

Unit

7).

The past simple (something happened) tells us only about the

past.

If somebody

says

'Tom

lost

his

key', this doesn't tell

us

whether

he ha

s the

key

now

or

not. lt tells

us

only

that he

lost his

key at

some

time in the past.

Do not use the present perfect if the situation now

is

different. Compare:

0

They've

gone

away. They'll

be

back on Friday. (they

are

away now)

They

went

away, but I think they're back

at

home now.

not

They've gone)

lt

has

stopped

raining now,

so

we don't

need

the

umbrella.

(it

is

n

' t ra

ining

now)

lt stopped raining for a while,

but

now it's raining again. not lt has stopped)

You can use

the present perfect

for

new or recent happenings:

'I've repaired the washing machine. lt's

wo

rking OK now.' 'Oh, that's good.'

0

'Sally has had a baby lt's a boy

.

'That's great news.'

Usually, you

can

also

use

the past simple:

0

I repaired the washing machine. lt's working OK now.

Us

e the past simple

not

the present perfect) for things

that are

not recent

or

new:

0 Mozart was a composer. He wrote more t h

an

600 pieces of music.

not

has

b

een

...

ha

s written)

0

My

mother

grew up in Italy. not

has

grow

n)

Compare:

0

Did you know

that

so

mebody has invented a new type

of

washing machine?

Who invented the telephone? not ha s invented)

We

use

the present perfect

to

give new information

(see

Unit

7)

. But

if

we continue

to

talk about it,

we normally use th

e past simple:

A : Ow

I've burnt

myself

.

s:

How did

you

do

that?

not

have you done)

A:

I

picked

up a

hot

dish.

not

have picked)

0 A:

Look Somebody has

spilt something

on

the

sofa.

s: Well, it

wasn't

me . I

didn't

do it. n

t

hasn't been ... haven't done)

Pas

t Unit 5 Present p e r f e t Units 7- 8

Present perfect and past 2 ~

Unit

14

Am erica n English ~ 7


4/10


5/10

Do not use the present perfect I have done) when you talk about a

finishe

time (for example,

yesterday

ten minutes ago in

2005

when I was a child). Use a past tense:

0 lt was very cold

yesterday

.

(not

has been)

0

Paul and

Lucy

arrived ten

minutes

ag o .

(not

have arrived)

0

Did

you eat

a

lot of

sweets

when you were

a

child

?

(not

have

you

eaten)

0

Igot home late last night. Iwas very tired and went straight

to

bed.

Use the past

to

ask

When

. .. ? or What

time

... ?:

0 When did your friends

arrive

?

(not

have .

..

arrived)

0 What time did

you finish work?

Compare

:

Present perfect

__] Tom

has

Lost

hi

s key. He can t get

into the house.

0 Is

Carla here

or has she

Left?

Compare:

Present perfect

(have done)

0 I ve

done

a lot of work today.

We use the present perfect for a period of time

that continues until now. For example:

today this week since 2007.

I

1

unfinished

1

I

to1ay

I

past

now

0

lt

hasn t rained

this

week.

0 Have you seen Anna this morning?

(it is sti ll mor ning)

0 Have yo u seen Tim recently?

0 Idont know where Lisa i

s.

I haven t

seen her. (= I h

aven t

seen her

recently)

0

We ve

been

waiting for an

hour

.

(we a re sti

ll

wa iting now)

0 Jack lives in Los Angeles. He

has

Lived

there for seven years.

0 I have never played

go

lf. (in my life)

C)

lt s the last

day

of

your holiday.

You say:

lt s

been

a really good

ho li

day.

I ve really enjoyed it.

Past simple _ Unit 5

Presen

t perfect _ Units 7 8

Past simple

= om Lost his key yesterday .

He coul

dn

t get into th e house.

0

When

did Ca

rt

a Leave?

Past simple

(did )

I did a lo t of work

yesterday

.

We use the past simple for a

finished

t im e in

the past. For example:

yesterday last

week

from 2007 to 2010

.

past

1

unfinished

1

I

yesterday

I

now

8 lt

didn t

rain

last week

.

8 Did you see Anna this morning?

(it is now afternoon

or

evening)

8 Did yo u see Tim on Sunday?

0 A:

Was

Li

sa

at

the

party on Sunday?

B

Idon t think so. Ididn t see her.

:=

We

waited

or

were

waiting) for an

hour. (we are no longer waiting)

0 Jack

Lived

in New

York

for ten year

s.

Now he lives in Los Angeles.

8 Ididn t play golf Last summer.

C After you come back from holidayyou

say: lt

was

a really

good

holiday.

I really enjoyed it.

Present perfect and pas t 1 _ Unit 13


6/10

xercises

Are the underlined parts

of

these

sentences

right or wrong? Correct them where necessary

1 I ve lost my key. I can,t find it anywhere.

0-'S........ ...... .. ............

...

...............

......

.... .....................

2 Ha

ve

you eaten a lot of sweets when you were a child?

3 Ive bought a new car.

You

must come and see it.

4 Ive bought a new ca r last week.

5 Where have you been yesterday evening?

6

Luc

y

has

left

school in 1999.

7 I m looking for Mike. Have you seen him?

8 Have you been to

Paris?,

Yes, many times.

9 l,m very hungry. I haven ,t eaten much today.

10 When has this book been published?

.

.Di4 . ... - - .. ...

Make

sentences

from

the

words

in

brackets. Use

the

present

perfect

or

past

simple.

1 (it

not

rain this week) .

t .

n . \ ..

r ~

~ ..

.... . ....... .. . .. .

2 (the weather be cold recently) The weather . .... .....

. .. .. . . .

.......... .. .

3

(it

cold last week) lt .... . .. .. ......... .. ... . .... . .... .... ................. .. ......

4 (I

not

read a newspaper yesterday) I . . ..

.. ..

................ .. . .

..

5

(I

not

read a newspaper today) . . . ..

...

. . . . . .

..

. .

6 (Emily

ea

rn a lot

of

money this year) ... .........

....

.. . . .............

...... ... .

....

. .

7 (she not earn

so

much last year) .... ........ . .....

. ........... ... .......... .. ...

............ ...... . .....

8 (you have a holiday recently?) .... ..... .....

.

. . . ........................... ..

Put

the

verb into

the

correct form,

present perfect or past

simple.

1

Whaf

s Madrid like?, I don,t know .

J . Q Y . ~ n l .. .e n.

...

. I

not be) there.

2 When . ...

. . . . .

.

(I get) home last night,

...........

.................... .

........

............

(I

be)

very tired and ..... (I go) straight to bed.

3 A: ....... .............................

..... ...... (you see) Lisa recently?

B: Yes, . ....... . . . .

...

..

(I

saw) her a few days ago.

4 l,m tired. ... ... . . ... .

... . ...

....... .. 1 not sleep) well last

night

.

5 The bu s drivers were on strike last week. (there be) no

buses.

6 Mr Lee . ....

...

(work) in a bank for

15

years. Then .

..

.....................

(he give)

it up.

Now he

works

as

a gardener.

7 Mary lives in Dublin. . . .. ... . . . ............ . (she live) there all her life.

8 A: ... . .........

.....

..............

...

.. (you go) to the cinema last night?

B:

Yes,

but

.

...

. .

(it be)

a mistake.

Th

e film . .

(be) awful.

9 My grandfather ....

. . .

......

(die) before I was born. . . . ...........

.......

1 never meet) him.

10 I don t know Karen s husband. ........

.

......................................................

(I never meet) him.

11

I f

s nearly lunchtime, and .

(I

not

see)

Martin all morning.

I wonder where he

is.

12 Where do you live?, In Boston.

How long .............. .. . (you live)

ther

e? Five years.

Where . . . . . . (you live) before that?

I

n Chicago.,

And how long . . . . . . . (you live) in Chicago? Two years.

Write sentences

about

yourself using the ideas

in

brackets

1 (something you haven t done today) .

1

i : . CM1H t A . ~ . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .

2 (something you have

n,t

done today) . . ...........

3 (something you didn,t do yesterday) . .

.

. ....

. . . .......

4 (something you did yesterday evening) ..

. .

.

5 (s

om

ething you haven t done recently) .....

.

. .. . .....

6 (so

methin

g you ve done a lot recently) . . . . . . .......

.

_ Additional

exe

rcises 2- 4 pages 30 3- 04) , 14- 15

p

ages 310- 11) 29


7/10

Study this example situation:

afew years ago

Nicola doesn t travel much these days.

She prefers to stay at home.

But she used to

travel

a lot.

She

used

to

go

away

two

or three times a year.

She

used to

travel

a lot= she travelled a lot often in the

past,

but

she doesn t do this any more.

she

used to travel

she doesn t

travel

these days

past

Something used

to

happen = it happened often in the past,

but

no longer happens:

0 I used to play tennis a lot, but I don t play very much now.

0 David used to spend a

lot

of money on clothe

s.

These days he can t afford it.

C

Do you go

to

the cinema much?

No

t now, but I

used

to

. (=I used

to go)

We

also use used

to

... for things

that

were true, but are

not

true any more:

0 This building is now a furniture shop. lt used to be a cinema.

0 I used to think Mark was unfriendly, but now I realise he s a very nice person.

0 Ive started drinking tea recently. I never used to Like it before.

0 Lisa used

to have very long hair when she was a child.

I

used to do something

is

past. There is no present.

You

cannot say I

use

to do.

To talk about the present, use the present simple 1

do).

Compare:

1 used

to

play

r- ;-esent he

plays

we used to Live I here used to be

we Live there

is

C We used to Live

in

a small village, but now we Live in London.

0

There

used

to be four cinemas in the town. Now there is only one.

The normal question form is did (you) use to ... ?:

0 Did

you

use

to eat a lot of sweets when you were a chi ld?

The negative

form

is

didn t use

to

..

. (used

not

to

...

is

also possible):

:_ I didn t use to like him. or I used not to like him.)

Compare I used to do and I was doing:

now

I used to

watch

TV a lo t. (=I watched TV often in the past, but I no longer do this)

0 I was watching TV when

Rob

ca ll

ed

. = I was in the middle of watching TV)

Do not confuse I used to do and I am used to doing (see Unit 61) . The structures and meanings are

different:

U I

used

to Live alone. (= I lived alone in the past,

but

I no longer li

ve

alone)

0 I am used

to

Living alone. = I live alone, and I dont find it strange or difficult because Ive

been living alone for some time)

Past continuous (1

was

o i n Un it 6

Would

= used Unit 36

Be

/g

et used

to

(doing) s o m t h i n g ~ Unit 61


8/10

xercises

Complete the sentences

with use d) to+ a

suitable

verb .

1 Nicola doesn 't travel much

now

. She

tA?.e4

U:? . ~

......

a lot, but she prefers to stay at home

these

days.

2 Sophie .

.

. .

. ................. a motorbike , but last year she sold it and bought a car.

3 We moved to Spain a few years ago. We . . . in Paris.

4 I

rarely eat ice-cream now, but

I

.. ................. it when

I

was a child.

5 Jackie

my best

friend ,

but

we

aren

't

good

fri

ends

any

more

.

6 lt only

takes

me about 40

minutes

to get to work now that the new road is open. lt

. ...

. . .

. ....

.

more

than an hou r.

7 There . a hote l nea r the airport, but it closed a long t i

me

ago.

8 When you lived

in

New

York

, . .

.. . .

.....

.

to the theatre

very often?

Compare what Karen said five years ago

and

what she says

today

:

FIVE YE RS GO

I

travel a lot.

~

. ....

.....

Ive got lots

of friends . -

I m

ve ry

l

azy

.

1don't like/

c

he

ese.

I m a hotel

re

ceptionis

t.

/ I

pl

ay the piano.

TOD Y

Ieat lots of

cheese w ~

Iwork very hard

these da ys. - - -

Idon't know m

an

y ;

people these days/

Iwork

in

a /

bookshop now .

My dog died two

/ years

a

go

.

_;read a

news

paper

/ every day now.

Ihaven't been to a

~ party fo r ages.

Ihaven't p

layed

t he

~ piano fo ryear

s.

~ I

don t go

away

....... th

e ......

.....

I I I Cl

i

J C U

Igo to a lot of partie

s.

Tea 's great I i ke it now .

Now write sentences

about

how Karen has

changed.

Use

used to

didn t

use to never used

to

in

the first part of your sentence.

1

. Y1

e: .

~

to ~ t > ........... .......

but

. h. Me5

n

>t,

go G4 YO-.y

m

tAc}1

t t . J

~ ...... ....

2 She used . . .. .

but . .

. . . . .

. . . . . .

. . .

. .

3 . .

.

. . . .. ....

. .

....... ...... . .

.

...

.... . but . ... ...

.. .....

.... . ......... .

... . ..

...

.. . ......

.. .

4 .

.

..

. .. .. .. but .

5 .. ...

.

..... .

.......

. .

but

6 ..

.

..........

. . . .

......

.

but

7 .... ....

........

............. ..... .....

.. .

.... .... ........ .. but

8 . .

.

.. .

. . ..... .. . but . . . .

. .. ..

.. . .... .

9 .. .... . .

. .......... .. . ... but

10 . . ....

......

. . . . .. . . but

Write sentences about

yourself

Like the examples. Begin I used to ... (I used

to

be/work/like/

play/read

etc. .

1

1 ... ~

..

..

4. 1

...5

rr.

o..U.:

..

w t

n9N

J Y ~ ..

tl

.Jor 49Yl

.......... .. .......... ..

.....

......... ...................

2 1.... tq pla y ~ ~ n

o LQt

> P

v t J

cion,t ~ __any mqre .

3 I used .... . . . .... , but ......... . . _

4 I

......

.....

.................

.... ..

.. .. .. ....

.......

......

....

....... ..

. . . . ......

...... ....

.. ..

.....

.....

..

.. ... ....

.......

......

5

Now begin with I didn t use to ...

6 1 W. ..

~

o .

lot-,

n ~ ~ . . l cio .. .......

..

7 I didn't .... .................. . .. .

. .

~ Unit

.18

8 .

. .

. .... .....

......

.. .

..

..

. .

.......

. ........

..

0 . . .

-+ Additional exercise 9 (page 307)

7


9/10

Study this example:

This

house was

built

in

1961 .

Was built is

passi

ve.

Compare act ive and passive:

Somebody

built this house in 1961. active)

subject object

This house

was

built in 1961 .

passi

ve)

subject

When we use an active verb, we say what the subject does:

C:

My grandfather was a builder. He

built

th

is house in 1961.

0 lt s a big company.

lt

employs

two

hundred

people

.

When we

use a passive verb,

we say

what happens to the subject:

0 How old

is

this house?

lt was

built

in

1961.

8 Two hundred people are employed by

the

company.

When we

use the passive,

who

or

what causes

the

action

is oft en un known or unimportant :

A

lot

of money

was stolen

in the robbery. (somebody stole it, but we don t know who)

C

Is this room cleaned every day? (does somebody clean it it s not important who)

If we want to say who does or what causes

the

action , we use by :

This house

was

built

by

my

grandfather

.

Two hundred people are

employed

by the

company

.

The passive

is be

(is/was

et

c.

)+ past participle (done/cleaned/seen

etc.):

(be) done (be) cleaned (be)

damaged

(be)

built

(be)

seen

etc.

For irregular

past

participles

(done

/

seen/known

etc.) , see Appendix

1

Study the

active and passive

forms of

the present simple and past simple:

Present simple

active clean(s) I see(s) et

c.

pass e

am/is/are

+

cleaned/seen

et c.

0

Many acc ide

nt

s are caused by careless driving.

0 I m not invited

to

p

ar t

i

es

ve ry ofte

n.

0

How is thi s word

pronounced

?

Past simple

ac tive cleaned

/

saw

et

c.

pa

ssiVe

was

/ were+ cleaned /seen et

c.

Somebody cleans this room eve

ry

day.

This

room

is cleaned every day.

Somebody cleaned

this room yes

t erday.

This room

was

cleaned yeste

rd

ay.

0 We

were woken

up by a loud noi

se

du r

in

g

the ni

ght.

D id you go

to

the

party?

No , I

wasn t

invited

.

How

mu

ch money was stolen in th e robber

y?

__n_

t

_s_4_3__4_4____ _ Y _ ~ _ _ni__1z_a _________________________________________


10/10

xercises

Complete

the sentences using one

of

these verbs in the correct form present or past:

cause

overtake

damage

show

hold

surround

invite

translate

1 Many

acc

idents _

< M :

~ C ( ) . , . by dangerous driving.

2 Cheese . from milk.

make

write

3 The

roof

of the building __________ in a storm a few days ago.

4 You to the wedding. Why didn t you go?

5 A cinema is a place where films . .... .

........

............. .

6 In the United States, elections

for

preside

nt

.

.. ..........

. . every four years.

7 Originally the book . . . . in Spanish, and a few years ago i t

into English.

8 Although we were driving fast we _ _ by a lot of

other cars.

9 You can t

see the

house from

the

road. lt . . by trees.

Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past .

1 Ask about glass. (how I make?) H9 W 9 ~ ? .

~ ?

.

....

.

.

.

2 Ask about television. (when

I

invent?) . . .

........................................................

_ . .

3 Ask about mountains. (how I form?) . .

..................

.

4 Ask

about

antibiotics. (when I discover?) . . . . . .

5 Ask about

si

lver. (what I use for?) . . . ..... .

Put the verb into the correct form present simple or past simple active or passive.

1

lt

s a big factory. Five hundred people .

~ e

P l P . d (employ) there.

2

DU:;l

s q . m . ~ o ~ (somebody I clean) this room yesterday?

3

Water

. (cover)

most

of the earth s surface.

4

Ho

w much of the earth s surface

(cover) by water?

5 The park gates

(lock) at 6

.3

0 p.m. every evening.

6 The

letter

....

. . . . . (send) a week ago and

i t

(arrive) .

.

. yesterday.

7 The boat hit a rock and .

. ................ (sink) quickly. Fortunately everybody

_ . . (rescue).

8 Robert s parents . . . . (die) when he was very young. He and his sister

______ . .......... (bring up) by their grandparents.

9 I was born in London, but I

...

(grow up) in Canada.

10 While I was on holiday,

my

camera

....

................ _ (steal) from

my

hotel room.

11

While I was on holiday,

my

camera . ........................

.............

(disappear) from

my hotel

room.

12 Why ........................

(Sue

I resign) from her job? Didn t s

he

enjoy it?

13 Why . (Ben I fire) from his job? Did he do something wrong?

14 The company is

not

independent.

lt

. ...... (own) by a much larger company.

15 I saw

an ac

c

id

ent last night. Somebody .

.......

(call)

an

ambulance

but

nobody

(injure), so the ambulance . .

..................

....... (not I need).

16 Where . .

.....

. . (these pictu res I take)?

In

London?

.............. ........................ (you

I

take) them,

or so

mebody else?

17 Sometim es

it

s quite noisy living here,

but

it s

not

a problem

for

me -

I . . (not

I

bother) by it.

Rewrite these sentences. Instead

of

using somebody

they

people etc.

write

a passive

sentence.

1 Somebody clea ns the room every day.

2 They cancelled a

ll

flights because

of

fog.

3 People don

1

t u

se

th is road much.

4 Somebody accused me of stealing money.

5

How

do people learn languages?

6 People warned us not to go out alone.

h ~ Q P m

Y ~ 1

. . .. .

Al l

.........

.

.........................

How .......

.

.

............................... .

Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4

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Transcript of Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4