Extinguisher Type
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Transcript of Extinguisher Type
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Fire fighting
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FIRE IS A CHEMICAL REACTION
TO INITIATE AND MAINTAIN THIS CHEMICAL REACTION, THREE REQUIREMENTS ARE
ESSENTIAL
FUEL - A COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE EITHER SOLID, LIGUID OR GAS
OXYGEN -USUALLY AIR WHICH CONTAINS ,APPROX.21% OXYGEN
HEAT- REQUIRED HEAT. IT VARIES FROM MATERIAL TO MATERIAL.
FUEL, OXYGEN, HEAT
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HEAT
FUEL
OXYGEN
London
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The Combustion ProcessThe Combustion ProcessTHE FIRE TETRAHEDRONTHE FIRE TETRAHEDRON
FUEL
TEMPERATURE
OXYGENCHAIN
REACTION
Room_Flashover_Videos.wmv
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• wood• cloth• paper• rubber• many plastics
• gasoline• oil• grease• tar• oil-based paint• lacquer
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GASES SUCH AS LPG, C2H2, H2 & CH4
METALS SUCH AS Mg, Al, Zn, Na, K, P,Titanium & Zirconium
DCOMBUSTIBLE METALS
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Fire Classes (cont.)Fire Classes (cont.)
K Cooking Media • Recently recognized by NFPA 10.
• Fires involving combustible vegetable or animal non-saturated cooking fats in commercial cooking equipment.
CLASS K FIRESCLASS K FIRES
BUT A BAD
MASTER
O2
Fuel
COOLING
Frog.exe
FIRE PREVENTION IS NOTHING BUT AVOIDING THE COMBINATION OF THREE ELEMENTS .i.e. FUEL, HEAT & OXYGEN
FIRE PREVENTION IS NOTHING BUT AVOIDING THE COMBINATION OF THREE ELEMENTS .i.e. FUEL, HEAT & OXYGEN
FUEL
BLANKETINGHEAT
kitchen fire.wmv
O2 Heat
STARVATION
FIRE PREVENTION IS NOTHING BUT AVOIDING THE COMBINATION OF THREE ELEMENTS .i.e. FUEL, HEAT & OXYGEN
Water type extinguishers have water as extinguishing agent which is released in the form of jet by means of gas pressure.
Water expelling type fire extinguishers are used for class A fire .
To operate remove the Safety clip and strike the plunger. Direct the jet emerging from the nozzle at the base of fire.
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Water expelling type fire extinguishers should not used for electrical fires.Discharge range - 6 Mts ; Duration - 120 seconds
frog
A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
Foam solutions are electrically conductive , therefore are not recommended for use on electrical fire.
Do not direct the jet directly into the burning liquid because it may splash burning liquid on to the surroundings and spread the fire.
Discharge range - 6 Mts
Duration - 60 seconds for 9 litres 14
C Electrical EquipentC Electment
Combustible metals
Electrical
DCP extinguishers are suitable for tackling Petroleum fires, gas fires and fires in electrical equipment.
To operate the extinguishers, remove the safety clip,hold the discharge hose firmly and strike the knob and direct the jet at the base of the fire with side to side sweeping motion.
For fighting class D metal fires special DCP containing mixture of Na, K, and Barium can be used. 15
While operating Dry Chemical Powder type Extinguishers on the open area fires, direct the powder from the opposite side of the wind direction.
This is one time operation can not be stopped intermittently
It is not effective for class A fires, because there is no cooling effect.
Discharge range - 2 metres
Discharge duration - 30 sec.
16sithl
To operate remove the locking pin and unscrew the valve in anti-clockwise direction and direct the gas at the base of the fire.
Co2 is effective as an extinguishing agent because it reduces the oxygen content of air.
CO2 are used to putting out fire in oils, petroleum products, gaseous substances17
Being a gas it can penetrate and spread to all areas affected by fire. CO2 is a non contaminating media, hence very suitable for sophisticated equipment like computer.
CO2 extinguishers are not to be used in fires involving reactive metals like Na, K and Mg.
Hold the discharge horn only in the insulated hand grip area to avoid cold bite.
CO2 is a asphyxiant. So take care while using in confined area
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A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
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TYPE SUITABILITY
WATER TYPE A
FOAM B
DCP B C
B CCO2
SPECIAL DCP D
Stop, drop & roll Immerse the burned area in water
or apply clean wet cloths to areas that can't be immersed. Don't use ice or ice water.
Don’t apply oil, Ghee, Ink or lotion Cut away loose clothing around a
burned area, but don't try to remove clothing that is stuck to the burn
For chemical burns, carefully remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected area for 15 minutes
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Fire Spreads in Minutes Smoke Kills in second
The seriousness of the injury caused by a burn depends on the degree of the burn.
First-degree burns are superficial. Only the top layer of skin is affected. First-degree burns usually heal in a few days.
Second-degree burns are more serious. Additional layers of skin are affected.Swelling occurs, and blisters can open and get infected. Second-degree burns are quite painful and can take several weeks to heal completely.
Third-degree burns are very severe injuries. These burns destroy all layers of skin in the affected area as well as muscle and nerve tissue under the skin. Infection is a potential threat that can make the situation even worse and can take long time to heal completely.
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AVVAI
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Systems and case Ion plating departments are provided with fire alarm system.
The fire alarm system consists of two type of detectors viz heat detectors and smoke detectors
The system will automatically detect any fire and alert the concerned by means of alarm.
The Fire hydrant system consists of 57 single hydrant and 4 double hydrants in a ring main system.
4 hose stations with 10 nozzles and 10 hoses of 15 metres length in each station.
19 fire hose cabinets with 2 hoses in each cabinet.
14 Fire hose reels with 30 metres long rubber hoses. 24
The line pressure is maintained between 80 to 100 psi by means of a jockey pump.
The main electrical pump starts at 55 psi and pumps 2240 LPM
DG pump starts at 35 psi and pumps 2240 LPM
There are 2 fire hydrant sumps each having 100 KL capacity at all time.
25Fire Hose.wmv
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EMPLOYEES Dial 555333
EAP
SECURITY
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Fight fire aggressively, but provide for safety first
Initiate all action based on current and expected fire behaviour
Recognize current weather condition and obtain forecast
Ensure instructions are given and understood
Obtain current information on fire status
Remain in communication with crew members, supervisors and other forcesDetermine Safety zones and escape routes
Establish cordoning in potentially hazardous areas
Retain control of yourself and your crew at all times
Stay alert, keep calm, think clearly and act decisively
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Three basic requirement must exist : Fuel- in the form of gas, vapor or dust An oxidizer – usually the oxygen in the air An ignition source
HSE Alert 154 06 - Propane Explosion(2).wmv
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Flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface of the liquid.
It is the primary measurement used in classifying liquids. This concept divides liquids that will burn into three categories.Liquids with flashpoints below 37.8°C are called “Class I liquids”
37.8°C (100°F) to 60°C (140°F) known as Class II liquids.
Above 60°C are known as Class III liquids
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To form a potentially explosive atmosphere the mixture of fuel and oxidizer must be within a particular concentration range known as an explosive limit.
For example, gasoline vapors mixed with air will propagate flame between 1.4 and 7.6 percent by volume of gasoline at 21°C (70°F) and atmospheric pressure.
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Concentrations below the lower explosive limit (LEL) are too lean to burn, while those above the upper explosive limit (UEL) are too rich. Anything in between might ignite or explode when an ignition source is present.
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Specific gravity & Vapor density Specific gravity is important in fire prevention planning.
Vapor density is another characteristic that must be recognized when establishing standards and procedures for the storage of flammable liquids.
The vapor density of gasoline is 3.4, indicating that these vapors will settle to the floor, seek low pockets and accumulate.
Almost all flammable liquid vapors have a vapor density greater than 1 and behave in a similar way.
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Electrical sparks or arcsFlamesStatic electricityChemical reactionsMechanical frictionCompression Ignition Non intrinsically-safe Pagers,cell phones, electric power tools, portable generators, welding operations and smoking..
Cholamandalam.pps
Gasoli_1.wmv
Shell cell.wmv
Elect.wmv
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Hazard assessment prior to beginning any task
Exercise caution when working outdoors. Shifts in wind direction can introduce gas into areas previously determined to be safe.
Conduct an explosive limit test. Follow hot work permit systems
Explosive atmospheres often exist in confined space follow proper entry procedures . Explosive limits, particularly in confined spaces, can change quickly
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Controlling flammable liquids begins with containment. The safe handling and storage of flammables demands specific practices as well as specially designed equipment.
Flammable liquid storage cabinets & Safety cans – UL and FM
Super heating
Unexpected
Your safety is ultimate
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S POT THE DANGER
A LERT OTHERS
F IND THE CAUSE
E XAMINE THE ALTERNATIVES
T AKE NECESSARY ACTION
Y OU ARE SAFE
Safety Management