EXTINCTED SPECIES

SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Presented by Venkata saiteja Ram prasad sandeep sai mohan

How many species are on Earth?

Scientists identified about 1.75 millionCould be as many as 100 millionSpecies can appear and disappear

Contents:

• Extinction• Effects of extinction• Causes of extinction• Prevention of extinction• Organizations

Extinction

• An extinct species is one that no longer exists.• Extinction is a natural process.• The rate of extinction is increasing due to human activities such as pollution. • Removing organisms will change ecosystems.

Effects of Extinction

• Causes a loss of animals that help cycle nutrients through the environment

• Lose plants that provide food and oxygen• Loss of organisms that could supply new

medications

They want to live but they can’t

Causes:

• Genetic erosion is the main cause of extinction• Genetic erosion is a process whereby an already limited gene pool of an endangered species of plant or animal diminishes even more when individuals from the surviving population die off without getting a chance to meet and breed with others in their endangered low population.

• Habitat destruction is the another cause• Habitat destruction is the process in which

natural habitat is rendered functionally unable to support the species present.

• In this process, the organisms that previously used the site are displaced or destroyed

POLLUTION

• Environmental pollution which in many ways causes global warming, is another cause for animal demise.

• Yet again, tropical frogs may be seriously affected by pollution of their habitats.

MASS EXTINCTION

• An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction or biotic crisis) is a widespread and rapid

• It occurs when the rate of extinction increases with respect to the rate of speciation. decrease in the amount of life on earth.

• Over 98% of documented species are now extinct,but extinction occurs at an uneven rate.

Lifespan estimates Taxonomy Source of estimate Species average life

Span years(MYA)[millions of years ago]

All Invertebrates Raup(1978) 11

Marine Invertebrates

Valentine(1970) 5-10

Marine Animals Raup(1991) 4

Marine Animals Sepkoski(1992) 5

All fossil groups Simpson(1952) 5-5

Mammals Martin(1993) 1

Cenozoic mammals Raup and stanley(1978)

1-2

Diatoms Van valen 8

Dinoflagelates Van valen(1973) 13

Planktomic forminifera

Van valen(1973) 7

Cenozoic Bivalves Raup and stanley(1978)

10

Echinoder ms Durham(1970) 6

Silurian Graptolite Rickards(1977) 2

What Can You Do? Protecting Species

• Coordinate funds with your neighbors and fellow concerned citizens to take out an ad in your local newspaper. A half-page ad in your Sunday newspaper speaking about the threat of animal extinction will increase the public's exposure to this issue.

• Design a website devoted entirely to the potential extinction of an animal species. This site should provide an online presence for your cause and offer a central organizing point for concerned citizens around the world.

• Partner with advocacy groups at a local university to promote ways to prevent animal extinction in the community. The enthusiasm of college advocates can be harnessed under the umbrella of preventing animal extinction.

• Send donations to funds and foundations devoted to the protection of animals from mass extinction. It is important to conduct research on how donations are used to find a wildlife fund with a good track record.

• Share your concern over animal extinction with the public through regular letters to the editor. Your letters should be sent to your community's daily newspapers as well as alternative papers and weekly publications in neighboring communities.

• Organize public protests outside government offices, zoos and other facilities to bring the problem of animal extinction to light. Your protest should be peaceful and each person should carry brochures about ways to stop animal extinction.

• in the effort to stop animal extinction by volunteering with a local wildlife foundation. These foundations need volunteers to work on educational displays, fundraising campaigns and public events.

• Mobilize your friends, family and fellow conservationists to write letters to government officials on a regular basis. You should give everyone a contact list of state and federal officials who have the power to protect endangered animals.

• Conserve resources and live a green lifestyle as part of your effort to prevent animal extinction. The simple acts of recycling bottles and using public transportation can decrease the need to destroy habitats for additional natural resources.

• The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature[UICN], in French) is an international organization dedicated to finding "pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges"

•IUCN supports scientific research, manages field projects globally and brings governments, non-government organizations, United Nations agencies, companies and local communities together to develop and implement policy.

•IUCN is the world's oldest and largest global environmental network—a democratic membership union with more than 1,000 government and NGO member organizations, and almost 11,000 volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries.

•IUCN's work is supported by more than 1,000 professional staff in 60 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world.

•IUCN's stated vision is "a just world that values and conserves nature". Its mission is to "influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable“.

•The Union's headquarters are located in Gland, Switzerland, near Geneva.