Exterior Vinyl Profiles ofExterior Vinyl Profiles of Windows, Doors ,

and SkylightsCustomer Confidence Through

Certifying Vinyl Profiles y g y

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and

i b dd d t th l i f thiservices may be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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This presentation is protected by U.S. and International copyright laws. Reproduction, di t ib ti di l d f th t tidistribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.

© American Architectural Manufacturers Association 2010

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Upon completion of the course, attendees willUpon completion of the course, attendees will understand:

Reasons for Profile CertificationProcess of Profile CertificationT ti f th Vi l C dTesting of the Vinyl CompoundWeathering and Testing of ProfilesProfile Certification and Quality ControlProfile Certification and Quality Control

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Profiles Frame & SashProfiles Frame & Sash

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Typical Profile Spec SheetTypical Profile Spec Sheet

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What is Vinyl?

Largest volume plastic usedLargest volume plastic used in building & construction

2/3 of vinyl manufactured f b ildi d t tifor building and constructionapplications

Versatility- flexible, rigid and customized applications can be made into a variety of colors patterns or texturescolors, patterns or textures

Combines many characteristics of traditional

t i l ith d dmaterials with advanced technologies

Vinyl TimelineVinyl TimelineWWII - Vinyl jacketed wiring replaces

The 1950’sWindows improvedwiring replaces

rubber insulation and textile jacketing on naval ships

Windows improved for U.S. market; PVC pipe critical to clean water delivery

Post War Era

1926 1940 1945 1950

The BeginningWhile working at BF Goodrich, Dr. Waldo Semon invents

Post War EraMaterial shortages lead to vinyl window frames; wallpaper coating, durable flooring emerge

modern day vinyl

Vinyl TimelineyB.F. Goodrich independently

First U.S. PVC Replacement Windowp y

develops Koroseal PVC storm window extrusion in U.S.

pSingle glazed side-load double hung by Thermal Industries

1955 1960’s 1964 1970’s

The Rise of Vinyl Effective MaterialVinyl siding introduced and improved as aluminum costs rise

Single-ply roof membranes alternative to built up roofs as asphalt costs rise

Vinyl TimelineVinyl TimelineDemand for VinylOil embargo and high

Vinyl AdvancesVinyl overtakes top g g

aluminum prices spur demand for energy saving products

y pmarket share position from wood and aluminum

1973 1980’s 1990’s 2000

A New Market Here to Stay - Vinyl has Vinyl fencing - new market for recycled post-industrial waste; decking and railing evolve

a vital role in the built environment; technology advances, new uses discovered rapidly

Blending of the CompoundBlending of the Compound The blending of the compound is a very critical step

Calibrated scales are used to weigh each ingredientThen the material is added in a special sequence to the blender – which is a big version of your household blenderof your household blenderThe material is then cooled in a cooler

High Intensity Blenders

Coolers

Profile ExtrusionProfile Extrusion5. Advanced technology monitors the process to assure quality assurance

1. Specially formulated vinyl compound

4. Calibration tables and water-baths remove the heat from the extrusions to ensure performance and design tolerances

6. Vinyl Profile

2. Twin Screws within the extruder convey

3. High speed dies define the shape of the profile

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extruder convey compound through the extruder

Vinyl Extrusion Line 1414

Case StudiesCase Studies

1 Art Installation, “The Gates”1. Art Installation, The Gates2. Up-House, energy-saving home design

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Case Study

“The Gates” art installation in New York City, by artist Christo and his wife Jeanne Claude

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by artist Christo and his wife Jeanne-Claude. Vinyl was selected due to its recyclability and durability.

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Case StudyCase Study

Up House new home design first shown at the NationalUp-House – new home design first shown at the National Design Triennial at the Institute of Contemporary Art in 2007.

A key feature of the design was the way in which vinyl t ib t d t th i liti f th ti hcontributed to the energy-saving qualities of the entire house.

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Why Certification?Why Certification?

Certification standards on vinyl profiles wereCertification standards on vinyl profiles were developed to insure the quality and integrity of vinyl windows in the market.

This process assures customers that tested certified vinyl profiles meet specific performance requirements to help ensure performance in the intended end use applicationsintended end-use applications.

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History of North American Fenestration Standard/Specification/Certification Program for

Windows, Doors and Skylights (101-08)

19971988AAMA “101” standard for aluminum windows and doors is updated from 1985 document and released.

1997ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S. 2-97 was released, encompassing products made of aluminum, vinyl, fiberglass or wood, as well as those with aluminum-or vinyl-clad wood framing members.

1993AAMA “101” standards for aluminum and vinyl windows and doors combined and released.

1994AAMA d NWWDA b i k t lid t th t

1986AAMA “101” standard for vinyl windows and doors was released.

AAMA and NWWDA begin work to consolidate the two major U.S. standards for windows and glass doors.

2002ANSI/AAMA/WDMA 101/I S 2/NAFS 02 was released whichANSI/AAMA/WDMA 101/I.S. 2/NAFS - 02, was released, which incorporates skylights, sidelights and transoms for the first time.

2005AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S. 2/A440-05 was issued, fully consolidating U.S. and Canadian standards and

adding four more operator types, eight additional materials and requirements for side-hinged doors.2020

Vinyl Window DurabilityVinyl Window DurabilityVinyl is known to be an extremely durable product and is widely used in exterior applications requiring excellent weatherability

roofingroofing sidingfencing and deckingexterior mold & trimwindows & doors

Some vinyl windows installed in the early 1970’s are still in active use today

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AAMA Gold Label Window Certification Program

Vinyl Profile Certification is part of AAMA’s Gold Label Window Certification Programg

All windows that bear the AAMA Gold Label must be made from profiles that are certified in the

AAMA Profile Certification program

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U.S. Residential Window Shipments Vinyl windows make up the largest share of the U.S. residential window market65% of all vinyl window shipments are AAMA certified65% of all vinyl window shipments are AAMA certified

2323Source: AAMA/WDMA 2008/2009 U.S. National Statistical Review and Forecast

U.S. Shop-Fabricated Non-Residential Window ShipmentsWindow Shipments

Vinyl windows also have a significant share of the shop fabricated non-residential window marketShop-fabricated windows represent 21% of the non-residential window market

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Source: AAMA/WDMA 2008/2009 U.S. National Statistical Review and Forecast

Profile Certification StepsProfile Certification Steps

1 Vi l C d t b t t d t1. Vinyl Compound must be tested to ensure it meets the minimum

f i tperformance requirements.

2. Vinyl Profiles are also tested to required performance2. Vinyl Profiles are also tested to required performance standards.

3 For a window to bear the AAMA Certification Program3. For a window to bear the AAMA Certification Program Gold Label, the manufacturer must certify that it is made from profiles listed in the AAMA Profile

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Certification Program.

Vinyl Compound TestingVinyl Compound Testing

Vinyl compound must meet minimum standards foracceptable end-use performance based on thef ll i f t tfollowing performance tests:

Impact - IzodImpact - Drop Dartp pTensile StrengthTensile ModulusDeflection TemperatureDeflection TemperatureCoefficient of linear expansion

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Izod Impact (Resistance to Tearing)(Resistance to Tearing)

Izod impact (ASTM D256 or ISO 180)Impact resistance: measures the ability of the material to withstand the impact (tearing force) being applied to the object. For example, the ability of the profile to withstand ) g pp j p , y pbeing dropped during fabrication or installation.

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Izod Impact

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Drop Dart Impact(Resistance to Puncture)

Measures the ability of the material to withstand the impact being applied to the

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y p g ppobject. Also indicates resistance to general abuse during transportation, storage and installation.

Drop Dart Impact

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Tensile Strength & Modulus(Resistance to forces p lling the profile apart)(Resistance to forces pulling the profile apart)

3131Measures the strength of the material to resist forces to pull it apart.

Deflection Temperature

A ¼-inch bar, which is under an applied force, is heated.

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A ¼ inch bar, which is under an applied force, is heated. Temperature is recorded when bar bends.Profile must meet a specific minimum deflection temperature.

Coefficient of Linear ExpansionCoefficient of Linear ExpansionExpansion is measured by scoring lines aExpansion is measured by scoring lines a specific distance apart at room temperature and measuring the distance at an elevated temperaturetemperature.

The coefficient of linear expansion per degree is then calculatedthen calculated.

This test is performed to mitigate possible damages that can be caused by warpingdamages that can be caused by warping.

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Profile Certification StepsProfile Certification Steps

11. Vinyl Compound must be tested to ensure it meets the minimum performance requirements.

2. Vinyl Profiles are also tested to required performance standards. q p

3. For a window to bear the AAMA Certification Program Gold Label the manufacturer must certify that it isGold Label, the manufacturer must certify that it is made from profiles listed in the AAMA Profile Certification Program.

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Profile Certification

1. Applicant must sign AAMA’s Profile Certification License and other necessary documents as is clearly outlined in AAMA’s Vinyl Profile Certification Procedural Guide 109. This is a voluntary, self-certification program, administered by AAMA and validated by an independent third party.

2. Once all documentation has been properly submitted, p p yAAMA’s independent Program Validator (Associated Laboratories Inc. (ALI)) will schedule an initial visit to the applicants plant(s)applicants plant(s).

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Profile Certification, Cont’d.12 month weatherability testing is required.

During the initial and subsequent visits (2 unannounced in-plantinspections per year), Validator will sample 10% of all thep p y ), p %listed profiles (one frame and one sash profile) of each color.

These samples will be tested to confirm performanceThese samples will be tested to confirm performanceagainst stringent standards:

Uniformity of dimensions and weight vs. specifications.Heat resistance no blistering cracking or flaking after 30 minutes @ 300 ˚FHeat resistance, no blistering, cracking, or flaking after 30 minutes @ 300 FDrop Dart Impact, Procedure B must be ≥ 1.2 in-Lb/milLead content must be < 0.02% ; no lead-based components are addedPass stringent exterior weathering test in three different climates

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g g

Uniformity of Dimensions and WeightDimensions and Weight

vs. SpecificationProfiles are tested to confirm uniformity of dimensionsProfiles are tested to confirm uniformity of dimensions and weight versus specification (+/-10% allowed weight variance).

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WeatheringWeathering

W th bilit T tWeatherability Tests

The profiles ability to stand up to the outdoorThe profiles ability to stand up to the outdoor environment.

Color hold

Impact resistance after weathering

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WeatheringWeatheringThe four main factors of weathering are:

1. Solar radiation (light energy) 2. Temperature 3 W t (h idit )3. Water (humidity)4. Installation influences:

ShadeSnow and Ice

DustClayAcid RainReflected Light

Rain and Water

Reflected Light

Extreme Temperatures

3939Storms and Wind

Direct & Diffuse LightDirect & Diffuse Light

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WeatheringThree different sites are used to look at the different

i t l diti

Weathering

environmental conditions:

Arid climate (like Arizona)( )

Humid climate (like Florida)

Northern Climate (like Ohio or Pennsylvania)

P fil S l t d t t t kProfile Samples are mounted to a test rack

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Arizona Weathering Test SiteArizona Weathering Test Site

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Arizona Test RackArizona Test Rack

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Florida Weathering Test SiteFlorida Weathering Test Site

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Florida Test RackFlorida Test Rack

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Northern Weathering Test SiteNorthern Weathering Test Site

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Test RacksTest Racks

Every day at the test sites the amount ofEvery day at the test sites the amount of solar radiation and the atmospheric temperature is measured. p

Profiles are mounted to the test rack and then pulled down and tested at testing intervals of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.

Profiles must pass at all intervals.

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CIELAB* Color SpaceLight

100

VALUE

p

Blue-Blue

Green Red+- RedGreen

YellowYellow+ L = lightlight/dark

axisYellow

Dark0

a = red/greengreenaxis

b = yellowyellow/blue

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(2)

yellowyaxis

WeatheringWeathering

If during the weathering process theIf during the weathering process the product changes more than the allowable Delta E units based on the original colorDelta E units based on the original color standard, then the product can not be accepted for the certification programaccepted for the certification program.

D lt E L2 2 b2Delta E = L2 + a2 +b2

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WeatheringWeathering Color/white profiles are tested after 6, 12, 18Color/white profiles are tested after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.

Retested for drop dart impact to remain ductile after weathering.

Profiles must pass after every interval.

New compounds must pass 12 months of weathering before being authorized for AAMA

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weathering before being authorized for AAMA certification.

Maintaining Profile Certification

If using certified profiles, then the completed window can be certified with the AAMA Gold Label.be certified with the AAMA Gold Label.

Labels shall be affixed only at the plant location.

The first unannounced plant inspection by the Validator is conducted either within 6 months of the initial sampling

ft th i iti l 12 th th bilit t t fior after the initial 12-month weatherability tests confirm that the profile meets this requirement.

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Profile Certification StepsProfile Certification Steps

11. Vinyl Compound must be tested to ensure it meets the minimum performance requirements.

2. Vinyl Profiles are also tested to required performance standards.

3. For a window to bear the AAMA Certification Program Gold Label theCertification Program Gold Label, the manufacturer must certify that it is made from profiles listed in the

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made from profiles listed in the AAMA Profile Certification Program.

Maintaining Profile CertificationMaintaining Profile Certification

Unannounced inspectionsUnannounced inspectionsSamples taken at each inspectionW th i l t kWeathering samples are takenLead testing is performed at every inspection

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Quality ControlProcedures for performing the following quality control tests must be documentedquality control tests must be documented and consistently implemented

Impact ResistanceImpact ResistanceDimensional StabilityHeat StabilityWeight Tolerance

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Quality Control

Program licensees are required to maintain

y

permanent quality control records that include information about samples, personnel and equipment calibration.

The results of all quality control testing and any resulting corrective action must be recorded in a Quality Control Log and maintained for review by the Validator during in-plant inspections.

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Let’s ReviewLet s Review

After completing this course, attendees haveAfter completing this course, attendees have gained an understanding of:

Reasons for CertificationProcess of CertificationT ti f th Vi l C dTesting of the Vinyl CompoundWeathering and Testing of ProfilesProfile Certification and Quality ControlProfile Certification and Quality Control

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AAMA Certified Products Directory

E t th f ll i dd i t W b b d thiEnter the following address into a Web browser and this will take you to the AAMA Certified Products Directory.

http://www.aamanet.org/general.asp?sect=2&id=44

The directory lists products that have been authorizedThe directory lists products that have been authorizedby AAMA for certification by the manufacturer. Products must bear the AAMA Certification Label to be certified in thi B l i AAMA tifi ti l b lthis program. By placing an AAMA certification label on a product, the manufacturer certifies that the labeled product meets the requirements for certification.

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Thank you for your kind attentionThank you for your kind attention.May I answer any questions?

Vinyl Profile Certification 5858