Exports of leather and leather products Pakistan vs. India

7/28/2019 Exports of leather and leather products Pakistan vs. India

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A Comparative Study


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Tea is the second most popular drink in theworld, after water.For a number of developing countries it is alsoan important commodity in terms of jobs andexport earnings.Tea production is labor intensive

For a number of tea exporting countries, tea is acritical source of foreign income


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Nepali tea industry owes its roots to thecolonization of India by the East India Company

Numerous tea plantations around the hill stationof Darjeeling were promoted by the British.First tea estates were established in 1863 in Illamand JhapaIn 1966, the Nepalese government had establishedthe Nepal Tea Development Corporation

Nepal


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The first discovery of the tea plant growingwild in India (upper Assam) in 1821Since 1869 the tea industry has continued toprosper steadilyThe most encouraging development of the tea

sector of the state is the participation ofunemployed youths as small tea grower

India


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The USThe EU JapanIndiaPakistan


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Russian FederationPakistanUAEPolandCanadaFrance


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Economic relationship between Nepal and India isunique.There are historical, geographical, cultural,

linguistic, ethnic, social and family links betweenpeople living in India and NepalTherefore, the trade and other related relationshipbetween Nepal and India has its own significance

Historic trade relation, geographical proximity,identical culture, similar agriculture productionsare cited few examples quite repeatedly.


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Years Average Export unit value

1995 2286.79

1996 2080.83

1997 2615.38

1998 N.A

1999 2311.99

2000 2174.83

2001 2125.95

2002 1854.83

2003 1978.34

2004 2254.14


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Years World (FOB)

Price Domestic

Price Ratio of domestic to FOB

Price (NPC) 1-NPC 1-NPC*100

1995 5329.815 4641 0.87 0.13 12.92

1996 6284.927 4920 0.78 0.22 21.72

1997 8625.881 7853 0.91 0.09 8.96

1998 9858.567 9003 0.91 0.09 8.68

1999 10018.95 7987 0.80 0.20 20.28

2000 11109.19 7576 0.68 0.32 31.80

2001 11031.07 6649 0.60 0.40 39.72

2002 10998.02 5910 0.54 0.46 46.26

2003 11086 6708 0.61 0.39 39.49

2004 11165.08 6708 0.62 0.38 37.69


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Years Average Export unit value

1995 1561.52

1996 1657.51

1997 2615.61

1998 2569.24

1999 2458.25

2000 2125.65

2001 2177.25

2002 1857.25

2003 1975.25

2004 2225.24


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Values in million NRs Growth Rate

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total 56.32 121.82 120.73 99.74 123.64 58.05 116.3 -0.9 -17.4 24 -53.1

EU 30.92 19.07 65.56 30.04 34.37 37.67 -38.3 243.8 -48.1 1 9.6 Japan 3.42 3.51 2.55 2.63 2.89 1.94 2.8 -27.3 3 10 -32.8

USA 6.99 2.74 6.37 1.46 13.67 5.76 -60.8 132.5 -77.1 835.4 -57.8

sub-total 41.33 25.32 74.49 38.13 50.93 45.37 -38.7 194.1 -48.8 33.6 -10.9

Share in Total Japan 6.1 2.9 2.1 2.6 2.3 3.3

EU 54.9 15.7 54.3 34.1 27.8 64.9

USA 12.4 2.2 5.3 1.5 11.1 9.9

sub-total 73.4 20.8 61.7 38.2 41.2 78.2


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Tea plucking is difficult, hazardous work.Workers are on their feet for hours on end,

carrying tea-collecting baskets on their backsSometimes steep slopes on which tea is pickedraises the risks of accidentsthey are exposed to harsh weather conditions(hot, cold, wet),pesticides, mosquitoes and other insects, andpoisonous snakes.

Health and Safety


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According to the literature the use of childlabour in tea-producing countries is common

Due to financial need and a lack of nursery oreducational facilities,women plantation workers are often obliged to

take their children to the plantation.

Child Labor and Child Work

Exports of leather and leather products Pakistan vs. India

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