542 OF THE 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED IN “RING OF FIRE”

REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM ONE

OF 2013’S NON-DISASTERS

PART 5: EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

INDONESIA

VOLCANO SINABUNG ON NORTH SUMATRA,

INDONESIA ERUPTSNovember 3, 2013

--- But No Disaster This Time

UNDERSTANDING EXPLOSIVE VOLCANOES

542 OF THE 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED IN “RING OF FIRE”

VOLCANOES IN INDONESIA

INDONESIA, A PART OF THE PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE,” HAS 127 ACTIVE

VOLCANOES AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX SUBDUCTION OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIA

AND EURASIA TECTONIC PLATES

INDONESIA’S VOLCANOES

PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS-

A NATURAL HAZARD

VERTICAL ASH PLUME, HIGH-VELOCITY LATERAL BLAST, TEPHRA, LAVA FLOWS,

LAHARS, AND VOLCANIC WINTER

VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS

• VERTICAL ASH PLUME (can affect jet aircraft)

• ASH AND TEPHRA• LATERAL BLAST• PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS,

BURSTS, AND FLOWS

VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS

• LAVA FLOWS• LAHARS (can bury villages)• EARTHQUAKES (related to

movement of lava)• “VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing

famine and mass extinctions)

LATERAL BLAST

EXPLOSIVE VOLCANICERUPTIONS

PYROCLASTIC FLOWS

FLYING DEBRIS

VOLCANIC ASH

LAVA FLOWS

LAHARS

TOXIC GASES

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIES

BEFORE AUGUST, 2010, SINABUNG HAD BEEN

INACTIVE FOR 400 YEARS

The August eruption led to an evacuation of 30,000 people

MOUNT SINABUNG: NOV. 3, 2013

SEPTEMBER 2013 ERUPTION• An eruption in September 2013

also prompted an evacuation--- about 3,500 villagers lining within 3 km of the volcano.

OCTOBER 2013 ERUPTION

• Another eruption on October 24th also prompted an evacuation of about 3,500 villagers lining within 2-3 km of the volcano.

WHAT HAPPENED NOVEMBER 3RD

• The 8,530-foot-high mountain erupted early on Sunday, November 3rd, sending a vertical ash plume 7,000 feet into the air.

• This eruption prompted an evacuation of 1,500 people living within 3 km of the volcano.

TOWARDS VOLCANIC ERUPTION DISASTER

RESILIENCE

INDONESIA’SCOMMUNITIES

DATA BASES AND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

• VOLCANO HAZARDS

• PEOPLE & BLDGS. • VULNERABILITY• LOCATION

VOLCANO RISK

RISKACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

GOAL: VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE

• PREPAREDNESS• PROTECTION• EARLY WARNING• EMERGENCY RESPONSE• RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

POLICY OPTIONS

POLICY ADOPTION

RISK ASSESSMENT

• VULNERABILITY

• EXPOSURE

• EVENT

POLICY ASSESSMENT

• COST

• BENEFIT

• CONSEQUENCES

TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR VOLCANOES

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

EXPECTED LOSS

THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF

YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES,2) BE PREPARED

3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE

5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND BE READY TO

START OVER

CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING

POINTS

2014--2020 IS A GOOD TIME FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN

EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL, HEALTH CARE, AND POLITICAL CAPACITY

BUILDING IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY

DISASTER RESILIENCE

CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL

SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY

WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY

INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS

THE KNOWLEDGE BASE

Best Practices for Mitigation Adaptation and Monitoring

Gateways to a Deeper Understanding

Real and Near- Real Time MonitoringHazard, Vulnerability and Risk Characterization

Anticipatory Actions for all Events and Situations

Situation Data Bases

Interfaces with all Real- and Near Real-Time Sources

Cause & Effect Relationships

APPLICATIONS

Implement Modern Codes and Lifeline Standards

Relocation/Rerouting of Cities and City Lifelines

Create a Hazard Zonation Map as a Policy Tool

Introduce New Technologies

Move Towards A Disaster Intelligent Community

EDUCATIONAL SURGES

Involve Partners in Turning Point Experimemts

Enlighten Communities on Their Risks

Build Strategic Equity Through Disaster Scenarios

Multiply Capability by International Twinning

Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster

OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on local, regional, national, and global scales