Exploring Patterns of Darkling Beetle Distributions in the Genus Eleodes
Transcript of Exploring Patterns of Darkling Beetle Distributions in the Genus Eleodes
Exploring patterns of darkling beetle distributions in the genus Eleodes
(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
M. Andrew [email protected] Gilbert
[email protected]@MAndrewJohnstonhttp://slideshare.net/MAndrewJ/patterns-of-distribution
As a grad student studying systematics, are biodiversity data/informatics useful for
me?
As a grad student studying systematics, are biodiversity data/informatics useful for
me?
Well – what data are available for my taxon of
study?
Eleodes Eschscholtz(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
• ~200 valid species• ~450 available
names• Western North
American distribution
• Often considered difficult to identify 5 sympatric species in
SE Arizona, to scale
E. madrensis Johnston
E. anthracinus Blaisdell
E. subnitens LeConte
E. nitidus Casey
E. longicollis LeConte
Eleodes Eschscholtz(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
• Larvae live in the soil
• Adults are wingless• Omnivorous
scavengers• No known specific
associations with plants
E. carbonarius (Say)
E. caudiferus LeConte
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
36,317 Preserved Specimens
22,458 Preserved Specimens
Searching all fields for “Eleodes”
36,317 Preserved Specimens
All had “Eleodes” present in at least ‘Genus’ or ‘ScientificName’ fields
589 Scientific Names
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
36,317 Preserved Specimens
All had “Eleodes” present in at least ‘Genus’ or ‘ScientificName’ fields
589 Scientific Names
54 Families
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
36,317 Preserved Specimens
All had “Eleodes” present in at least ‘Genus’ or ‘ScientificName’ fields
589 Scientific Names
54 Families
4 Kingdoms
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
36,317 Preserved Specimens
All had “Eleodes” present in at least ‘Genus’ or ‘ScientificName’ fields
Should we trust the ‘Genus’ and ‘Species’
fields?Or the ‘ScientificName’
field?
54 Families
4 Kingdoms
589 Scientific Names
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
36,317 Preserved Specimens
All had “Eleodes” present in at least ‘Genus’ or ‘ScientificName’ fields
There are no ‘identifiedBy’ data with any of these
records…
54 Families
4 Kingdoms
589 Scientific Names
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
Share a composite backbone taxonomy,
confusing Eleodes with:
Aleiodes (Hymenoptera)Elodes (Coleoptera)Leiodes (Coleoptera)Galeodes (Solifugae)
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
Conflicting, un-sourced taxonomic information make
these data untrustworthy.
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
44,082 Preserved Specimens
All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
44,082 Preserved Specimens
All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field
678 Scientific Names
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
Eleodes Occurrence Data44,082 Preserved Specimens
All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field
678 Scientific Names
1 Family (Tenebrionidae)
44,082 Preserved Specimens
All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field
678 Scientific Names
1 Genus (Eleodes)
1 Family (Tenebrionidae)
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
44,082 Preserved Specimens
All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field
678 Scientific Names
1 Genus (Eleodes)
1 Family (Tenebrionidae)We can be
reasonably confident someone determined these specimens to the genus Eleodes
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
44,082 Preserved Specimens
All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field
678 Scientific Names
1 Genus (Eleodes)
1 Family (Tenebrionidae)23,821
“identifiedBy” attributed to a
person
Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
What can these data tell us about distributions of
species?
CORRELATION*
Analyzes digitized herbarium data from SEINet
*Landrum, L.R. and D. Lafferty. 2015. Taxon 64(5) 998-1016 http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/645.9
CORRELATION*
*Landrum, L.R. and D. Lafferty. 2015. Taxon 64(5) 998-1016 http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/645.9
Computes how frequently each species is found near each other given species
CORRELATION*
*Landrum, L.R. and D. Lafferty. 2015. Taxon 64(5) 998-1016 http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/645.9
Clusters species into co-occurring groups
CORRELATION
*Brown, D.E. (ed.) 1994. Biotic communities: Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
Arizona Flora Test Case:• Examined 81 ‘high
profile’ species• Recovered groupings
highly congruent with published biotic communities*
CORRELATIONAnalyze input set of lat/long coordinates:• Correlate an animal
species with SEINet plants
• Place that animal in a plant-driven biotic community
Using CORRELATION, we can ask questions about ecological communities
And answer them based on specimen occurrence data
Where can we find a certain species?
“You can find it in oak-juniper
forests in southern Arizona”
Eleodes madrensis Johnston, 2015
Where can we find a certain species?Eleodes madrensis Johnston, 2015
5 highest correlated plant
species
“You can find it in oak-juniper forests in
southern Arizona”
Differentiate habitats of similar speciesEleodes arcuatus Casey, 1884Eleodes debilis Horn, 1870
Differentiate habitats of similar speciesEleodes arcuatus Casey, 1884Eleodes debilis Horn, 1870
Differentiate habitats of similar speciesEleodes arcuatus Casey, 1884Eleodes debilis Horn, 1870
Only share a single species of top 10
Differentiate habitats of similar speciesEleodes arcuatus Casey, 1884
Eleodes arcuatus is correlated with oak-
juniper mid-elevation transition forest
Differentiate habitats of similar speciesEleodes debilis Horn, 1870
Eleodes debilis is correlated with
riparian broadleaf plants from a
similar elevation
CORRELATION transforms our approach to understanding distribution
Ecological Community
“Authoritative observation” Repeatable, specimen-based correlation
Ecological Community
“Authoritative observation” Repeatable, specimen-based correlation
Spatial DistributionGeographic polygons Specimen-driven, co-occurring
species communities
CORRELATION transforms our approach to understanding distribution
Can we infer ancestor-descendant plant-community shifts?
Historical plant-community inference
• 21 Eleodes species from Arizona were selected– Records with high geographic uncertainty or
missing locality data were removed
– Records were sorted to taxa by ‘ScientificName’ based on nomenclatural synonymies
Historical plant-community inference
• 21 Eleodes species from Arizona were selected
• Associated beetles with plant communities using CORRELATION
– Beetle species associated with 6 different plant communities
– 18 species were correlated to a single plant community, 3 were equally correlated to 2 communities
Historical plant-community inference
• 21 Eleodes species from Arizona were selected• Associated beetles with plant communities
using CORRELATION• ‘Biogeographic’ reconstruction in
BioGeoBEARS
– Inferred historical plant-community lineage associations
– Assumed current plant communities existed throughout Eleodes evolutionary history
Historical plant-community inference
Colors represent six
different biotic communities
Phylogeny based on a 7-gene unpublished dataset, Smith et al. in
prep
Historical plant-community inference
Two independent
radiations into the Sonoran
Desert community
Phylogeny based on a 7-gene unpublished dataset, Smith et al. in
prep
Historical plant-community inference
‘Melaneleodes Clade’ ancestors associated with
Pine-Juniper community of the Colorado
Plateau
Phylogeny based on a 7-gene unpublished dataset, Smith et al. in
prep
Historical plant-community inference
Ancestral lineage associated with higher elevation oak-juniper and ponderosa pine
communities
Phylogeny based on a 7-gene unpublished dataset, Smith et al. in
prep
• Novel analysis for inferring historical habitat transitions
• Entirely based on vouchered specimen data
• Analyses are reproducible and easily re-done when new data are made available
Historical plant-community inference
• Expand range to all North American Eleodes species and plant communities
• Incorporate fossil data to constrain historically available plant communities
Future directions
• Expand range to all of North American species and biotic communities
• Incorporate fossil data to constrain historically available plant communities
Future directions
See more community-created tools to analyze
specimen data
As a grad student studying systematics, are biodiversity data/informatics useful for
me?
YES! (mostly)• There are large amounts of data
available• Current state of higher-level
aggregation may be problematic for narrowly-focused projects
• We can learn more about the biology and evolution of our groups
Special thanks to:ASU Herbarium:Les LandrumDarryl LaffertyLiz MakingsWalt Fertig
Lab members:Nico FranzGuanyang ZhangSangmi LeeSal AnzaldoAndrew JansenBrian Riley
Data Entry:Chris HennyAndrew GalvanColin McMartinDylan Cooper
Collaborators:Aaron SmithKojun Kanda
Funding:
NSF ARTS DEB-1258154
2016 Evolutionary Biology Summer Research Fellowship
Data, Analyses, Scripts: http://github.com/mandrewj/