ExploringExploring

……Into the Client BoxInto the Client Box

ChapteChapter 7r 7

A A Look…Look…

PerspectivePerspective

Each of us lives within our own unique Each of us lives within our own unique situation from which we interpret and situation from which we interpret and discover meaning.discover meaning.

Although we can never fully Although we can never fully understand the situation of another we understand the situation of another we can can approach a better understanding.approach a better understanding.

More importantly, the client can More importantly, the client can increase their own understanding - increase their own understanding - that is really the whole point.that is really the whole point.

The Client…The Client…

What you see and what you What you see and what you don’t…don’t…

What you must go beneath to What you must go beneath to gain understanding of…gain understanding of…

The outside vs. the insideThe outside vs. the inside We are all composed of outer and inner shellsWe are all composed of outer and inner shells It is easier for people to see and judge the It is easier for people to see and judge the

outerouter It is harder for people to see and judge the It is harder for people to see and judge the

innerinner We can also mask the inside through altering We can also mask the inside through altering

our outside appearanceour outside appearance Let’s see how good we are at recognizing a Let’s see how good we are at recognizing a

discrepancy between human real and fake discrepancy between human real and fake smilessmiles http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/surhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/sur

veys/smiles/index.shtmlveys/smiles/index.shtml

Guess What? Guess What? Most people are surprisingly bad at Most people are surprisingly bad at

spotting fake smiles. spotting fake smiles. One possible explanation for this is that it One possible explanation for this is that it

may be easier for people to get along if may be easier for people to get along if they don't always know what others are they don't always know what others are really feeling. really feeling.

Fake smiles can be performed at will Fake smiles can be performed at will Genuine smiles, on the other hand, are Genuine smiles, on the other hand, are

generated by the unconscious brain generated by the unconscious brain Social workers often have to decipher with Social workers often have to decipher with

respect to the client system and situation respect to the client system and situation that which is genuine and realthat which is genuine and real

AssumptionsAssumptions

Be careful of possible assumptions Be careful of possible assumptions you may make about clients and you may make about clients and their environments and situations.their environments and situations.

Intuition, hunches, and Intuition, hunches, and assumptions can be correct but assumptions can be correct but can just as easily be wrong.can just as easily be wrong.

Let the client tell their tale. Let the client tell their tale. Caution!

ExplorerExplorerSocial Workers can be powerful mediumsSocial Workers can be powerful mediums

Interaction ofSocial worker and client

Can Lead to

Increased Client and Worker Understanding and Insight

and

Decreased Resistance and Misunderstanding

The Video ExampleThe Video Example

Dan sits before you upset. He is a resident in Dan sits before you upset. He is a resident in Orthopedics. A six foot six former university Orthopedics. A six foot six former university football tackle, he passed up a CFL career to football tackle, he passed up a CFL career to come into Medicine and has never regretted come into Medicine and has never regretted his decision. Up to now he has shown lots of his decision. Up to now he has shown lots of promise but his girlfriend has recently split promise but his girlfriend has recently split up with him and moved out of the apartment. up with him and moved out of the apartment. He has contacted her repeatedly to try to He has contacted her repeatedly to try to reconcile but has not been successful. He is reconcile but has not been successful. He is distraught and wants to drop out of his distraught and wants to drop out of his program to get his relationship back on track. program to get his relationship back on track.

VideoVideo

As you watch play close attention to As you watch play close attention to the client-therapist interactionthe client-therapist interaction

Identify the different interview phases Identify the different interview phases Write down all of the skills the Write down all of the skills the

therapist uses therapist uses Write down all of the techniques the Write down all of the techniques the

therapist usestherapist uses Write down the main problem/issue Write down the main problem/issue

ExploringExploring This section contains the seven essential This section contains the seven essential

skills which social workers use throughout skills which social workers use throughout their careers in almost any setting.their careers in almost any setting.

Exploring involves examining the status of Exploring involves examining the status of the problems/issues of the client within the problems/issues of the client within contextcontext

Through this:Through this: You can engage the client in a deeper and You can engage the client in a deeper and

more meaningful way.more meaningful way. The client gains greater self-awareness. The client gains greater self-awareness. You gain a better understanding of the You gain a better understanding of the

genuine and true nature of client and their genuine and true nature of client and their inner core.inner core.

Keep in Mind…Keep in Mind…There are so many things about a There are so many things about a

client that can be exploredclient that can be exploredThere are so many things about a There are so many things about a

client that need to be explored client that need to be explored with caution with caution

There are so many things about a There are so many things about a client that are fragileclient that are fragile

Socialization PracticesDiscipline, Education, Modeling,

Cultural NormsGender Roles

Peer Relationships Adult-Child RelationshipsSocial-Cultural Resources

Peer GroupSchool Staff

Family/RelativesNeighbors

Religious CommunityMental Health Facilities

Cultural Factors

Culturally Valued CompetenciesPersonal, Interpersonal, Behavioral, Academic,

Artistic, Physical

Personal ResourcesSelf-EfficacyCoping Skills

Relationship SkillsProblem Solving Skills

Socialization AgentsParents, Teachers, Peers, Media

Personal VulnerabilityPersonal HistoryFamily History

Disability

Individual Factors

Social-Cultural StressorsCommunity Violence

Family ConflictBullying/Harassment

Poverty

Exploring with the Exploring with the The Conceptual Model The Conceptual Model

of of Psychological Well-Psychological Well-

BeingBeing

Adapted from Nastasi, Varjas, Sarkaar, & Jayasena, 1998

Exploring & EmpowermentExploring & Empowerment

Through this process you are Through this process you are facilitating the process of self-facilitating the process of self-discovery for the client.discovery for the client.

Thinking you know what the client Thinking you know what the client should do, and telling them what to should do, and telling them what to do, is almost always totally ineffective.do, is almost always totally ineffective.

You empower the client to discover You empower the client to discover their own path through exploration of their own path through exploration of their situation.their situation.

Person-In-EnvironmentPerson-In-Environment Conceptualization of the total person is a Conceptualization of the total person is a

value and skill within social work value and skill within social work practice. practice.

One tool for understanding the person-One tool for understanding the person-in-environment (PIE) is the exploration in-environment (PIE) is the exploration matrix.matrix.

Remember, you and the client are both Remember, you and the client are both involved in a process of discovery. Use involved in a process of discovery. Use of the matrix increases understanding of the matrix increases understanding for both you and the client.for both you and the client.

The Exploration MatrixThe Exploration Matrix

The The exploration exploration matrix is a matrix is a holistic method holistic method of exploring of exploring the many the many dimensions of a dimensions of a client situation.client situation.

Within the matrix Within the matrix you explore -you explore - the issuethe issue the personthe person the situationthe situation

Within context of Within context of the -the - pastpast presentpresent futurefuture

Exploration MatrixExploration Matrix

Exploration MatrixExploration Matrix

Moving systematically through the Moving systematically through the matrix provides a logical method of matrix provides a logical method of obtaining information in a useful obtaining information in a useful format.format.

Full exploration of the problem/issue Full exploration of the problem/issue requires finding out about:requires finding out about:

OnsetEvolutionSituational Context

Frequency Intensity/severity

Duration

StrengthsStrengths

List some popular and List some popular and common words used to common words used to describe PERSONAL describe PERSONAL

STRENGTHSSTRENGTHS

AdditionAdditional al

StrengtStrength Wordsh Words

Seek first to Seek first to understand understand who you are who you are so you can so you can be clear to be clear to

others--others--

Remember…Clients Have Remember…Clients Have Strengths TooStrengths Too

According to Saleeby, almost anything According to Saleeby, almost anything can be considered a strength under can be considered a strength under certain circumstances. This includes:certain circumstances. This includes: What people have learned about themselves What people have learned about themselves

and othersand others Personal qualities, traits, and virtuesPersonal qualities, traits, and virtues What people know about the world around What people know about the world around

themthem Talents people haveTalents people have Cultural and personal stories and loreCultural and personal stories and lore PridePride The community The community SpiritualitySpirituality

The Search For The Search For StrengthsStrengths

Occurs by:Occurs by: Asking QuestionsAsking Questions Seeking Seeking

responses responses Listening Listening

ActivelyActively Should occur only Should occur only

after client after client problems and/or problems and/or have been explored have been explored and discussedand discussed

PersoPersonn

SituatiSituationon

IssuIssuee

CompetenCompetenciescies

Social Social SupportSupport

SuccessesSuccesses

Life Life LessonsLessons

Strengths Based Assessment Strengths Based Assessment QuestionsQuestions

Survival questions:Survival questions: How have you managed to overcome/ survive the How have you managed to overcome/ survive the

challenges that you have faced? “What have you challenges that you have faced? “What have you learned about yourself and your world during those learned about yourself and your world during those struggles?” struggles?”

Support questions: Support questions: Who are the people that you can rely on? Who has Who are the people that you can rely on? Who has

made you feel understood, supported, or made you feel understood, supported, or encouraged? encouraged?

Exception questions: Exception questions: ““When things were going well in life, what was When things were going well in life, what was

different?”different?” Possibility questions: Possibility questions:

What are your hopes for your future, or the future of What are your hopes for your future, or the future of your family?your family?

Esteem questions: Esteem questions: What makes you proud about yourself? What positive What makes you proud about yourself? What positive

things do people say about you? things do people say about you?

Additional Resources for Additional Resources for Assessing Client StrengthsAssessing Client Strengths

Child Strengths ChecklistChild Strengths Checklist http://health.utah.gov/able/PDF_forms/hhttp://health.utah.gov/able/PDF_forms/h

andouts/StrengthChecklist.pdfandouts/StrengthChecklist.pdf

Interviewing Interviewing SkillsSkills

List as many interviewing List as many interviewing skills as you can…skills as you can…

(Some) Interviewing (Some) Interviewing SkillsSkills

1.1. Introduction/Introduction/PurposePurpose

2.2. Non-verbal cuesNon-verbal cues

3.3. Asking about Asking about feelingsfeelings

4.4. Following up on Following up on feelings feelings

5.5. Body language/eye Body language/eye contact contact

6.6. Open-ended Open-ended questionsquestions

7.7. Closed-ended Closed-ended questionsquestions

8.8. Effective Effective confrontationconfrontation

9.9. ReflectingReflecting

10.10.ParaphrasingParaphrasing

11.11.Advice giving with Advice giving with cautioncaution

12.12.Facts vs. feelingsFacts vs. feelings

13.13.Termination Termination

More Interviewing SkillsMore Interviewing SkillsAttentive listening

Facial Expression

Body positioning

Warmth Empathy &Genuine-ness

Encourage-ment

Client self-determin-ation

InitialIntro

Alleviateanxiety

Portrayingconfidence

PortrayingCompe-tence

Dress The setting

Opening statement

Rephras-ing

Clarifi-cation

Reflecting Clarifying Interpre-tation

Providing Info

Empower-ment

Self-disclosure

Summar-ization

Elicitinginfo

The use ofWHY?

Interview Skills Interview Skills for Exploringfor Exploring

The Seven Basic Exploring Skills The Seven Basic Exploring Skills

These are skills for facilitating the These are skills for facilitating the exploration of the client situation.exploration of the client situation.

REMEMBER…REMEMBER…WHATWHAT and and HOWHOW You Do and SayYou Do and Say

MATTERSMATTERS

Exploration SkillsExploration Skills

This section covers seven This section covers seven particular skills for exploring the particular skills for exploring the client situation. client situation. Asking questions Seeking Clarification Reflecting Content Reflecting Feelings Reflecting Feelings & Meaning Partializing Going Beyond

Asking QuestionsAsking Questions

Who?Who?

What?What?

WhenWhenWhere?Where?

Appropriate Questions?Appropriate Questions? In the classroom you are usually free to In the classroom you are usually free to

ask whatever question you like as long as ask whatever question you like as long as it has even the most vague connection to it has even the most vague connection to the subject matter. the subject matter. “There are no “There are no stupid questions.” stupid questions.”

This luxury does not exist when working This luxury does not exist when working with clients.with clients.

The classroom and to some extent your The classroom and to some extent your field placdements exists for your field placdements exists for your edification the consulting room for that edification the consulting room for that of the client.of the client.

Asking QuestionsAsking Questions

In general, asking questions is a skill In general, asking questions is a skill which helps the worker to elicit which helps the worker to elicit ideas, facts, feelings and to identify ideas, facts, feelings and to identify strengths.strengths.

Questions help to facilitate the Questions help to facilitate the process of understanding the process of understanding the person-in-environment (PIE) and in person-in-environment (PIE) and in building a working relationship.building a working relationship.

Types of Types of QuestionsQuestions

QuestionsQuestions

Open QuestionsOpen Questions Elicit informationElicit information

What did you think What did you think of the movie?of the movie?

How would you How would you describe your describe your relationship with relationship with your parents?your parents?

Closed QuestionsClosed Questions Gather specific Gather specific

informationinformation

Did you like the Did you like the movie?movie?

Do you have a good Do you have a good relationship with your relationship with your parents?parents?

How would you describe your marriage?

What do you enjoy about the relationship?What are these arguments like?

Have you and your husband ever separated?

How long have you been married?

Combining Open and Combining Open and Closed QuestionsClosed Questions

CHANGING CLOSED TO CHANGING CLOSED TO OPENOPEN

Are you having Are you having troubles with troubles with your partner?your partner?

What is your What is your relationship with relationship with your partner your partner like?like?

CHANGING CLOSED TO CHANGING CLOSED TO OPENOPEN

Are you feeling Are you feeling stressed now?stressed now?

How are you How are you feeling right feeling right now? now?

WHEN CLOSED WHEN CLOSED QUESTIONS ARE GOODQUESTIONS ARE GOOD

You need to intervene in a crisis situation -You need to intervene in a crisis situation -

e.g. Do you have a plan to kill yourself?e.g. Do you have a plan to kill yourself?

When you require specific information – When you require specific information –

e.g. Are you going to hurt your girlfriende.g. Are you going to hurt your girlfriend

because she broke up with you?because she broke up with you?

WHY?WHY?

Why haven’t you Why haven’t you resolved this issue?resolved this issue?

Why do you feel Why do you feel that way?that way?

Why do you put up Why do you put up with your abusive with your abusive husband?husband?

Why do you tolerate Why do you tolerate your daughter’s your daughter’s behavior?behavior?

The Problem with Why type questions is that: They put people

on the spot Pressure the

client to provide an explanation when they don’t know

WHYWHY VS.VS. OPENOPEN QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

Why are you failing that Why are you failing that course?course?

Could you tell me Could you tell me about the difficulties about the difficulties you are having with you are having with your course?your course?

What are some of What are some of the things that the things that trouble you about trouble you about your coursework?your coursework?

TRIED AND TRUE TRIED AND TRUE QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

What brings you here to see me?What brings you here to see me? What prompts you to come now to talk?What prompts you to come now to talk? How did you think I might help?How did you think I might help? Where would you like to begin?Where would you like to begin? Can you tell me more about your situation?Can you tell me more about your situation? Can you elaborate some on what you just Can you elaborate some on what you just

said?said? Can you say more about it?Can you say more about it? Could you put that in other words so I can Could you put that in other words so I can

understand understand better?better? Does what I am saying make any sense?Does what I am saying make any sense?

Seeking ClarificationSeeking Clarification Asking questions to have the client explain or Asking questions to have the client explain or

expand on what they have said.expand on what they have said. Helps worker understand an ambiguous Helps worker understand an ambiguous

messagemessage Confirms the accuracy of worker’s perceptionConfirms the accuracy of worker’s perception

Examples of simple but effective clarification Examples of simple but effective clarification questions:questions: What does that mean? What do you mean by ___________? Could you be more specific? Are you saying that…. Could you describe for me… Say what you mean by…

Activity: Activity: Answer the following Answer the following questions?questions?

What thoughts are What thoughts are you having about you having about being in class being in class today?today?

What are the What are the feelings that go feelings that go along with these along with these thoughts?thoughts?

Reflecting ContentReflecting Content With this skill you

rephrase, or paraphrase, what the client has said.

This skill helps you to communicate your attentiveness while the client speaks.

It also helps you to check your own understanding of often complicated situations.

You’re You’re saying………………saying………………

C: I’m a full-time C: I’m a full-time student and worker. student and worker. Every day I attend Every day I attend classes in the classes in the morning and work in morning and work in the afternoon. the afternoon.

W: You’re saying W: You’re saying that… that… COMPLETE COMPLETE THE REFLECTIONTHE REFLECTION

Reflecting FeelingsReflecting Feelings

A brief response A brief response indicating your indicating your understanding of understanding of the the emotionalemotional content of the content of the client client experience.experience.

Reflecting feelings has Reflecting feelings has 3 steps3 steps Recall and restate Recall and restate

message covertlymessage covertly Identify the emotional Identify the emotional

part of the message by part of the message by looking for one or more looking for one or more feelings words used by feelings words used by clientclient

Translate the client’s Translate the client’s feeling word into your feeling word into your own words at about the own words at about the same intensity and same intensity and verbally reflectverbally reflect

Reflecting feelings is the affective equivalent Reflecting feelings is the affective equivalent of paraphrasing contentof paraphrasing content Client: Everything is humdrum. There is nothing Client: Everything is humdrum. There is nothing

going on, nothing exciting. All my friends are going on, nothing exciting. All my friends are away. I wish I had some money to do something away. I wish I had some money to do something differentdifferent

COME UP WITH both a content and feeling COME UP WITH both a content and feeling responseresponse

W (content paraphrase): with your friends gone W (content paraphrase): with your friends gone and no money, there is nothing for you to do right and no money, there is nothing for you to do right now.now.

W (feeling reflection): sounds like you’re feeling W (feeling reflection): sounds like you’re feeling bored with the way things are for you right now.bored with the way things are for you right now.

Feeling Word VocabularyFeeling Word Vocabulary

It is useful to increase your It is useful to increase your vocabulary when it comes to vocabulary when it comes to FEELING WORDSFEELING WORDS

How many words do you know for:How many words do you know for: OpenOpen HappyHappy AliveAlive GoodGood

See: See: http://www.psychpage.com/http://www.psychpage.com/learning/library/assess/feellearning/library/assess/feelings.htmlings.html

for vocabulary list for for vocabulary list for feeling wordsfeeling words

Role Play on Role Play on ReflectionReflectionI need two volunteers I need two volunteers One to play client (S)One to play client (S)

One to play therapist (D)One to play therapist (D)All you have to do is read a All you have to do is read a couple of statements on the couple of statements on the

next slidenext slide

Therapist Reflection…CautionTherapist Reflection…Caution S: "I'm very depressed today, Doctor."S: "I'm very depressed today, Doctor."

D: "You're very depressed, Mr. Smith."D: "You're very depressed, Mr. Smith."S: "Yes. I haven't been this depressed in a long time."S: "Yes. I haven't been this depressed in a long time."D: "You haven't been this depressed in a long time."D: "You haven't been this depressed in a long time."S: "I'm so depressed that I'm thinking about killing S: "I'm so depressed that I'm thinking about killing myself."myself."D: "You're thinking about killing yourself."D: "You're thinking about killing yourself."S: "I'd like to kill myself right now."S: "I'd like to kill myself right now."D: "You'd like to kill yourself right now."D: "You'd like to kill yourself right now."S: "Yes, I'm so desperate that I think I'll open this S: "Yes, I'm so desperate that I think I'll open this window and jump out."window and jump out."D: "You're thinking of jumping out that window."D: "You're thinking of jumping out that window."S: "I'm gonna do it. See? I'm opening the window.... and S: "I'm gonna do it. See? I'm opening the window.... and I'm gonna jump."I'm gonna jump."D: "You're going to jump out the window."D: "You're going to jump out the window."S: "Bye, doc. Here I go........ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah" S: "Bye, doc. Here I go........ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah" (splat)(splat)D: "Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah, splat." D: "Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah, splat."

The Role PlayThe Role Play

The role play illustrates the opinion that The role play illustrates the opinion that the basic technique of reflection, by the basic technique of reflection, by itself, is itself, is not sufficientnot sufficient for effective for effective therapy. therapy.

Reflection is Reflection is deceptively simpledeceptively simple. . While it may be used in a clumsy, While it may be used in a clumsy,

superficial manner, it can also be applied superficial manner, it can also be applied as a versatile and powerful lens for as a versatile and powerful lens for helping a client uncover and clarify helping a client uncover and clarify extremely important intra-psychic issues extremely important intra-psychic issues

Reflecting Feeling & Reflecting Feeling & MeaningMeaning

This is a step beyond reflecting This is a step beyond reflecting feeling/emotion.feeling/emotion.

This is a dual reflection of both emotional This is a dual reflection of both emotional and informational content. This skill and informational content. This skill requires that you are able to track the requires that you are able to track the content of what is being said as well as content of what is being said as well as the emotional undercurrent. the emotional undercurrent.

Remember, what is being said and the Remember, what is being said and the feeling behind it might not be congruent.feeling behind it might not be congruent.

It is common for individuals to have a It is common for individuals to have a preference of one style of communication preference of one style of communication (emotional vs factual) over another.(emotional vs factual) over another.

Examples of Reflecting Examples of Reflecting Feeling & MeaningFeeling & Meaning

Examples:Examples:You You

feel_______because________.feel_______because________.You feel_______and____________.You feel_______and____________.You feel_______but____________.You feel_______but____________.

PartializingPartializing Clients are often overwhelmed more by Clients are often overwhelmed more by

sheer number of issues than by the sheer number of issues than by the magnitude of any one single issue.magnitude of any one single issue.

This skill has two advantages:This skill has two advantages: Helps the client to prioritize and focus.Helps the client to prioritize and focus. Allows an otherwise overwhelming Allows an otherwise overwhelming

situation to be broken up into smaller situation to be broken up into smaller achievable tasks.achievable tasks.

Often progress in one area will have a Often progress in one area will have a positive impact on other areas. A chain-positive impact on other areas. A chain-reaction. reaction.

PartializingPartializing

Client situations can be complex and Client situations can be complex and overwhelming. To you and to them.overwhelming. To you and to them.

Partializing allows you to break Partializing allows you to break down the totality of the client down the totality of the client situation into incremental pieces and situation into incremental pieces and then triage what needs to be then triage what needs to be addressed first.addressed first.

Partializing - Partializing - Another PerspectiveAnother Perspective

A B C D E F G

The client is at point A and needs to move to point G.

Going from A…C might be all that is required!

Where to start?Where to start?

The client system is like a circle with The client system is like a circle with an an infiniteinfinite number of points along the number of points along the surface. surface.

Collaboration with the client on what Collaboration with the client on what point to intervene is imperative.point to intervene is imperative.

Intervention at Intervention at ANY ANY point will point will influence each and every other point.influence each and every other point.

Client System

PartializingPartializing

Partializing will help you and the Partializing will help you and the client work together to decide what client work together to decide what area on the circle should be the area on the circle should be the starting point.starting point.

Remember: In Partializing you Remember: In Partializing you reduce the overwhelming nature of a reduce the overwhelming nature of a situation and foster hope by focusing situation and foster hope by focusing on smaller units.on smaller units.

Partializing PracticePartializing Practice

You’ve addressed a number of topics here. You’ve addressed a number of topics here. You’ve talked about …………, ………….., ……., You’ve talked about …………, ………….., ……., and ………and ……… There are so many aspects of what There are so many aspects of what you’ve said that we could lose track if we try you’ve said that we could lose track if we try to consider them all at once.to consider them all at once. Could we Could we explore them on at a time? explore them on at a time?

Yes Which would you like to consider first? Which would you like to consider first? Would Would

it make sense to start with ………….?it make sense to start with ………….? That That seems to be very important to you right now.seems to be very important to you right now.

Going BeyondGoing Beyond

Going beyond is a slight extension of Going beyond is a slight extension of what has been said using your what has been said using your empathic understanding, reasoning empathic understanding, reasoning and experience.and experience.

Avoid large jumps which may be Avoid large jumps which may be inaccurate or which can rob the inaccurate or which can rob the client of the process of discovering client of the process of discovering something for themselves.something for themselves.

Going BeyondGoing Beyond

Going beyond is your ability to Going beyond is your ability to extend slightly what has been said.extend slightly what has been said.

It is the process called It is the process called additive additive empathyempathy..

Going beyond often combines what Going beyond often combines what is being said verbally with it’s is being said verbally with it’s emotive content.emotive content.

Acquiring CompetencyAcquiring Competency

These are not the types of skills These are not the types of skills which can be absorbed solely on an which can be absorbed solely on an intellectual level.intellectual level.

Acquiring these skills requires both Acquiring these skills requires both intellectual understanding and intellectual understanding and practice.practice.

It also takes TIME and PATIENCE It also takes TIME and PATIENCE

ReviewReview

These are the specific areas we covered:These are the specific areas we covered: Asking questionsAsking questions Seeking ClarificationSeeking Clarification Reflecting ContentReflecting Content Reflecting FeelingsReflecting Feelings Reflecting Feelings & MeaningReflecting Feelings & Meaning PartializingPartializing Going BeyondGoing Beyond