Explorers

ExplorersExplorers

Social StudiesSocial Studies

How Europeans saw the worldHow Europeans saw the world People only knew of three continentsPeople only knew of three continents

—Europe, Africa, and Asia.—Europe, Africa, and Asia. Some thought it was impossible to Some thought it was impossible to

sail across the ocean.sail across the ocean. Technology—knowledge used for Technology—knowledge used for

making things.making things.

Early World MapsEarly World Maps

World Map 1595World Map 1595

World MapWorld Map

Reasons for ExplorationReasons for Exploration GODGOD

• Exploration as a way to spread ChristianityExploration as a way to spread Christianity• Duty to convert all non-Christians to Duty to convert all non-Christians to

ChristiansChristians GLORYGLORY

• Fame and fortuneFame and fortune GOLDGOLD

• Trade with AsiaTrade with Asia• Riches = spices, fine silks, and gemsRiches = spices, fine silks, and gems

Technological DevelopmentsTechnological Developments Navigate-chart the course of a Navigate-chart the course of a

journey.journey. Astrolabe measured latitudeAstrolabe measured latitude But designed for landBut designed for land

Technological DevelopmentsTechnological Developments Cross-staff used to figure latitude Cross-staff used to figure latitude

more accuratelymore accurately

Technological DevelopmentsTechnological Developments Square-rigged sails.Square-rigged sails. Hold their own against tossing waves Hold their own against tossing waves

during short trips along the coast.during short trips along the coast. Only sail in the same direction as the Only sail in the same direction as the

wind.wind. Could not make long voyages Could not make long voyages

without being blown off course.without being blown off course.

Square rigged sailSquare rigged sail

Lateen SailsLateen Sails Catch winds from the sides and from Catch winds from the sides and from

the rear of a ship.the rear of a ship.

CaravelCaravel PortuguesePortuguese The rudder made it possible to steer The rudder made it possible to steer

the ships without oarsmen.the ships without oarsmen.

Rudder

WeaponsWeapons Carried swords, spears, bows, and Carried swords, spears, bows, and

armor on ships.armor on ships. As technology improved….As technology improved….

• GunsGuns• CannonsCannons

Lesson 2Lesson 2 PortuguesePortuguese Spanish ExplorationSpanish Exploration

Spanish/Portuguese ExplorersSpanish/Portuguese Explorers SpainSpain

• ColumbusColumbus• Vasco Nunez de Vasco Nunez de

BalboaBalboa• MagellanMagellan• CortesCortes• CoronadoCoronado• Hernando de SotoHernando de Soto

PortugalPortugal• HenryHenry• Bartolomeu DiasBartolomeu Dias• Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama

Explorer ChartExplorer ChartExplorerExplorer CountryCountry DateDate AccomplishmentAccomplishment

Spice RouteSpice Route Couldn’t use straight easy route due to Couldn’t use straight easy route due to

armed Muslim control.armed Muslim control. Forced Europeans to find sea routes to Forced Europeans to find sea routes to

Asia.Asia.

PortugalPortugal Henry the Henry the

NavigatorNavigator In charge of finding In charge of finding

a sea route to Asiaa sea route to Asia Wanted to go south Wanted to go south

to the Indian to the Indian Ocean.Ocean.

Died in 1460Died in 1460

Bartolomeu DiasBartolomeu Dias Rounded the Rounded the

southern tip of southern tip of AfricaAfrica

Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama Sailed all the way Sailed all the way

around Africa to around Africa to India.India.

Lasted over two Lasted over two years.years.

Succeeded in Succeeded in opening trade opening trade route to Asia for route to Asia for Portugal.Portugal.

Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama

Early Spanish ExplorationEarly Spanish Exploration From Genoa, ItalyFrom Genoa, Italy Knew Portugal was Knew Portugal was

sailing to Asia by sailing to Asia by going around going around Africa.Africa.

Believed that the Believed that the shortest route was shortest route was west.west.

Little known fact is that Christopher Columbus never posed for a portrait in his lifetime.

The many images of ColumbusThe many images of ColumbusI’m

Christopher Columbus

NO! I’m Christopher Columbus



ColumbusColumbus Spent eight years trying to get Spent eight years trying to get

European rulers to pay for his voyage.European rulers to pay for his voyage. Finally 1492, King Ferdinand and Finally 1492, King Ferdinand and

Queen Isabella of Spain gave him the Queen Isabella of Spain gave him the money.money.

The king and queen wanted to spread The king and queen wanted to spread Spanish power and get some of the Spanish power and get some of the Asian riches like Portugal.Asian riches like Portugal.

Columbus VoyagesColumbus Voyages Left Spain on August 3, 1492Left Spain on August 3, 1492 Set course straight across Atlantic Set course straight across Atlantic

west.west.

Columbus hits land!!Columbus hits land!! October 12, Columbus landed on a October 12, Columbus landed on a

tiny Caribbean island that is today tiny Caribbean island that is today one of the Bahama Islands.one of the Bahama Islands.

He named it “San Salvador”—Holy He named it “San Salvador”—Holy Savior.Savior.

Columbus meets the nativesColumbus meets the natives Columbus call the Taino people there Columbus call the Taino people there

“Indios” or Indians “Indios” or Indians because he because he believed he had reached the Indiesbelieved he had reached the Indies..

But……………..But……………..• He only landed in the Caribbean and not He only landed in the Caribbean and not

in India!!!in India!!!

OH SNAP!!!!!!

Columbus’ other voyagesColumbus’ other voyages Returned to Spain in 1493 with six Returned to Spain in 1493 with six

Taino captives, plants and gold for Taino captives, plants and gold for Spanish rulers.Spanish rulers.

So impressed they sent him back three So impressed they sent him back three more times, 1493, 1498, and 1502.more times, 1493, 1498, and 1502.

But failed to find the riches of Asia. He But failed to find the riches of Asia. He never knew that he had found a never knew that he had found a continent new to the Europeans continent new to the Europeans called…….called…….

The new continentThe new continent ………….America!!!!.America!!!! Named after the Named after the

Italian map maker Italian map maker Amerigo Vespucci.Amerigo Vespucci.

But, did you know But, did you know that Columbus was that Columbus was not the first to not the first to discover America?discover America?

The first to discover The first to discover America was…….America was…….

The first to discover America was…The first to discover America was…

You are correct!You are correct!• The Vikings!The Vikings!• 500 Years Earlier!500 Years Earlier!

And…And… ..in 1421..in 1421 The Chinese fleet landed in America The Chinese fleet landed in America

about 71 years before Columbus!!about 71 years before Columbus!!

Explorers After ColumbusExplorers After Columbus 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed

Panama on foot and arrived at the Panama on foot and arrived at the Pacific Ocean.Pacific Ocean.

Another ocean stood between Spain Another ocean stood between Spain and the Indies!and the Indies!

Are you gellin’?Are you gellin’? 1521 Ferdinand Magellan became the first 1521 Ferdinand Magellan became the first

European to sail west across the Pacific. European to sail west across the Pacific. Crew continued west from Asia, retuning Crew continued west from Asia, retuning

to Spain in 1522.to Spain in 1522. Completed first trip around the world!Completed first trip around the world!

The search for GOLDThe search for GOLD Even though America Even though America

was not Asia, the was not Asia, the Spanish kept Spanish kept searching for riches.searching for riches.

1519, Hernan Cortes 1519, Hernan Cortes went to Mexico, went to Mexico, believing there were believing there were huge gold mines.huge gold mines.

Went to the capital Went to the capital city of the Aztecs.city of the Aztecs.

CortesCortes Cortes and his army took the Aztecs’ Cortes and his army took the Aztecs’

gold and jewels.gold and jewels. Destroyed the buildings.Destroyed the buildings. On the ruins, he built Mexico City, On the ruins, he built Mexico City,

which became the capital of a which became the capital of a Spanish empire.Spanish empire.

Coronado and de SotoCoronado and de Soto Francisco Francisco

Coronado did not Coronado did not find gold, but find gold, but claimed land in claimed land in southern North southern North America for Spain.America for Spain. Francisco Coronado

Hernando de Soto

Francisco CoronadoHernando de SotoHernan Cortes

•Cortes, de Soto, and Coronado were three of the most notable conquistadors

•Conquistador is Spanish for conqueror

Spanish ConquestSpanish Conquest

Name that ExplorerName that Explorer Conquered Aztecs Conquered Aztecs

and built Mexico and built Mexico CityCity

11stst European to sail European to sail around the worldaround the world

Sailed for Spain and Sailed for Spain and believed he landed believed he landed in the Indiesin the Indies

Claimed land in Claimed land in southern North southern North AmericaAmerica

Hernan Cortes

Ferdinand Magellan


Francisco Coronado

Name that ExplorerName that Explorer Rounded the Rounded the

southern tip of southern tip of AfricaAfrica

Sailed all the way Sailed all the way around Africa to around Africa to IndiaIndia

Called the natives Called the natives Indians because he Indians because he thought he was in thought he was in the Indiesthe Indies

Bartolomeu Dias

Vasco da Gama


Explorer ChartExplorer ChartExplorerExplorer CountryCountry DateDate AccomplishmentAccomplishmentDiasDias PortugalPortugal 14601460 Rounded south tip AfricaRounded south tip AfricaDa GamaDa Gama PortugalPortugal 14971497 Rounded Africa to IndiaRounded Africa to IndiaColumbusColumbus SpainSpain 14921492 Landed/discovered AmericaLanded/discovered AmericaDe BalboaDe Balboa SpainSpain 15131513 Discovered Pacific OceanDiscovered Pacific OceanMagellanMagellan SpainSpain 15211521 11stst European to sail around European to sail around

worldworldCortesCortes SpainSpain 15191519 Conquered Aztecs, built Conquered Aztecs, built

Mexico CityMexico CityCoronadoCoronado SpainSpain 1500’s1500’s Claimed land in Southern Claimed land in Southern

North America for SpainNorth America for Spain

HomeworkHomeworkLesson 2 QuestionsLesson 2 Questions

1.1. Da Gama succeeded in establishing a trade route Da Gama succeeded in establishing a trade route with who and for which country?with who and for which country?

2.2. Columbus was considered a failure at his death Columbus was considered a failure at his death because???because???

3.3. The Spanish explored the Americas and The Spanish explored the Americas and conquered native Indian peoples in search of conquered native Indian peoples in search of what?what?

4.4. Which groups of people discovered the Americas Which groups of people discovered the Americas before Columbus?before Columbus?

5.5. Columbus became convinced that the shortest Columbus became convinced that the shortest route to Asia or the Indies was where?route to Asia or the Indies was where?

6.6. Why did Columbus call the local natives he met Why did Columbus call the local natives he met Indians?Indians?

Spanish and Portuguese Explorer mapSpanish and Portuguese Explorer map

Label: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, India, Portugal, Label: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, India, Portugal, Spain, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and The Silk RoadSpain, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and The Silk Road

Use different colors or type of lines or materials such as dotted, dash, or Use different colors or type of lines or materials such as dotted, dash, or combo to show the route of each of the explorers:combo to show the route of each of the explorers:

Create a Key/Legend to explain the makingsCreate a Key/Legend to explain the makings Mount your map to 9”x12” construction paperMount your map to 9”x12” construction paper Color and decorate your mapColor and decorate your map

Lesson 3Lesson 3 French, Dutch, and English fantastic French, Dutch, and English fantastic

voyages!voyages!

Exploration of North AmericaExploration of North America Why explore North America?Why explore North America? Exploration made Spain and Portugal rich! Exploration made Spain and Portugal rich!

French, Dutch, English also wanted to be French, Dutch, English also wanted to be rich!rich!

Portugal controlled routes to Asia, Africa Portugal controlled routes to Asia, Africa and part of South America.and part of South America.

Spain claimed Central America and the Spain claimed Central America and the rest of South America.rest of South America.

Therefore everyone else went north to Therefore everyone else went north to seek fame and fortune.seek fame and fortune.

Land Claims 1763Land Claims 1763

French VoyagesFrench Voyages 1524 Giovanni da Verrazano from 1524 Giovanni da Verrazano from

Italy.Italy. Searched for the legendary Searched for the legendary

“Northwest Passage”“Northwest Passage” Legendary water route to China Legendary water route to China

through North Americathrough North America Verrazano landed near North Verrazano landed near North

Carolina and mapped the coast up to Carolina and mapped the coast up to Maine.Maine.

VerrazzanoVerrazzano

Northwest PassageNorthwest Passage

Jacques CartierJacques Cartier Jacques CartierJacques Cartier Searched for NW Searched for NW

Passage in 1535Passage in 1535 Discovered Discovered

Montreal, CanadaMontreal, Canada

Cartier’s route from France

Dutch VoyagesDutch Voyages The Dutch are from a country called The Dutch are from a country called

Netherlands.Netherlands. Started exploring 100 years after Started exploring 100 years after

Columbus.Columbus.

Henry HudsonHenry Hudson 1609 from 1609 from

England.England. Looked for NW Looked for NW

Passage.Passage. Hudson river Hudson river

named after him named after him near New York.near New York.

Setup trading posts Setup trading posts in Albany and New in Albany and New York City.York City.

English VoyagesEnglish Voyages 1497, Italian sea captain John Cabot1497, Italian sea captain John Cabot Found an island he called, “New Found an island he called, “New

Found Land”Found Land”

Francis DrakeFrancis Drake 1577, Drake sent on secret voyage 1577, Drake sent on secret voyage

by Queen Elizabeth.by Queen Elizabeth. Stole from Spanish ships and trading Stole from Spanish ships and trading

centers and loaded his ship with centers and loaded his ship with treasures. treasures.

Became the first Became the first EnglishmanEnglishman to sail to sail around the world.around the world.

Known as “El Draque” from old Known as “El Draque” from old Spanish as The Dragon.Spanish as The Dragon.

Rrrrr!

DrakeDrake

Drake, like many explorers cared more about wealth and glory than about settling new land.

Impact on American IndiansImpact on American Indians Europeans got…Europeans got…

• Gold, silver, furs, Gold, silver, furs, fish.fish.

• Corn, potatoes, Corn, potatoes, cocoa, pumpkinscocoa, pumpkins

Indians got…Indians got…• BananasBananas• CattleCattle• ChickensChickens• HorsesHorses• PigsPigs• SheepSheep

American Indians also got…American Indians also got… Contagious diseaseContagious disease

• Sickness that spread from one person to Sickness that spread from one person to another.another.

• Killed thousands of Indians.Killed thousands of Indians.• By 1650, smallpox killed ¾ of Indians.By 1650, smallpox killed ¾ of Indians.

SlaverySlavery Force and violence by Europeans Force and violence by Europeans

also killed thousands of Indians.also killed thousands of Indians. Indians forced to work long hours on Indians forced to work long hours on

farms and mines.farms and mines. Many died of exhaustion.Many died of exhaustion. Also forced many Indians to become Also forced many Indians to become

Christian.Christian.

Increasing hostility…Increasing hostility… 1600’s more and more Europeans 1600’s more and more Europeans

were coming and settling in America.were coming and settling in America. Fights and trouble grew.Fights and trouble grew. Europeans began claiming more land Europeans began claiming more land

that belonged to the Indians the past that belonged to the Indians the past thousand years.thousand years.

Explorer ChartExplorer Chart

ExplorerExplorer CountryCountry DateDate AccomplishmentAccomplishmentVerrazanoVerrazano FranceFrance 15241524 Mapped coast up to MaineMapped coast up to MaineCartierCartier FranceFrance 15351535 Discovered Montreal, CanadaDiscovered Montreal, CanadaHudsonHudson NetherlandNetherland 16091609 Set up trading posts in NYSet up trading posts in NYCabotCabot EnglandEngland 14971497 Discovered NewfoundlandDiscovered NewfoundlandDrakeDrake EnglandEngland 15771577 11stst Englishman to sail around Englishman to sail around

the worldthe world

So….So…. The English, Dutch, and French The English, Dutch, and French

started exploring because……..started exploring because…….. What did the early explorations of What did the early explorations of

Spain and Portugal teach the English, Spain and Portugal teach the English, Dutch and French?Dutch and French?

What did contagious diseases do to What did contagious diseases do to Native Americans?Native Americans?

Lesson 3 QuestionsLesson 3 Questions1.1. What was the Northwest Passage?What was the Northwest Passage?2.2. Francis Drake sailed for who and Francis Drake sailed for who and

accomplished what?accomplished what?3.3. What was Henry Hudson’s What was Henry Hudson’s

accomplishment?accomplishment?4.4. What was the impact of contagious What was the impact of contagious

diseases upon the Native Americans?diseases upon the Native Americans?5.5. Other than diseases, how else did the Other than diseases, how else did the

Native Americans die?Native Americans die?

Explorer ChartExplorer ChartExplorerExplorer CountryCountry DateDate AccomplishmentAccomplishmentDiasDias PortugalPortugal 14601460 Rounded south tip AfricaRounded south tip AfricaDa GamaDa Gama PortugalPortugal 14971497 Rounded Africa to IndiaRounded Africa to IndiaColumbusColumbus SpainSpain 14921492 Landed/discovered AmericaLanded/discovered AmericaDe BalboaDe Balboa SpainSpain 15131513 Discovered Pacific OceanDiscovered Pacific OceanMagellanMagellan SpainSpain 15211521 11stst European to sail around world European to sail around worldCortesCortes SpainSpain 15191519 Conquered Aztecs, built Mexico Conquered Aztecs, built Mexico

CityCityCoronadoCoronado SpainSpain 1500’s1500’s Claimed land in Southern North Claimed land in Southern North

America for SpainAmerica for SpainVerrazanoVerrazano FranceFrance 15241524 Mapped coast up to MaineMapped coast up to MaineCartierCartier FranceFrance 15351535 Discovered Montreal, CanadaDiscovered Montreal, CanadaHudsonHudson NetherlandNetherland 16091609 Set up trading posts in NYSet up trading posts in NYCabotCabot EnglandEngland 14971497 Discovered NewfoundlandDiscovered NewfoundlandDrakeDrake EnglandEngland 15771577 11stst Englishman to sail around the Englishman to sail around the

worldworld

1.1. What were the three main reasons What were the three main reasons Europeans decided to explore?Europeans decided to explore?

2.2. Compare the triangular lateen sail Compare the triangular lateen sail with the old square rigged sail.with the old square rigged sail.

3.3. Columbus was convinced that the Columbus was convinced that the shortest route to Asia, or the Indies shortest route to Asia, or the Indies was where?was where?

4.4. How did Vasco da Gama sail all the How did Vasco da Gama sail all the way to India?way to India?

5.5. Eventually da Gama set up a direct Eventually da Gama set up a direct trade route with who?trade route with who?

1.1. Why did the Europeans want to set Why did the Europeans want to set up a trade route with Asia?up a trade route with Asia?

2.2. Columbus was considered a failure Columbus was considered a failure at the time of his death because?at the time of his death because?

3.3. The Spanish explored the Americas The Spanish explored the Americas and conquered native Indian and conquered native Indian peoples in search of what?peoples in search of what?

4.4. What was the most important result What was the most important result of Portuguese exploration?of Portuguese exploration?

5.5. Magellan and Drake were the first Magellan and Drake were the first to do what?to do what?

1.1. Explain the Northwest Passage.Explain the Northwest Passage.2.2. Why did Columbus call the Taino Why did Columbus call the Taino

people Indians?people Indians?3.3. What did the introduction of What did the introduction of

contagious diseases from European contagious diseases from European explorers do to Native Indians?explorers do to Native Indians?

4.4. Which group of people were the Which group of people were the first to discover the Americas?first to discover the Americas?

Explorers

Documents

Transcript of Explorers