Tutorial – “How to:” 1) Change the resolution on your display 2) Setup Multiple Displays.
Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays
description
Transcript of Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays
![Page 1: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Display Environments
Khairi Reda
![Page 2: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Society is generating data at ever escalating rates
• The rise of the supercomputer
• Advances in data collection instruments and techniques (e.g., high-throughput genome sequencing)
• We can now afford to capture and store larger quantities of information, in the hope that we can learn something unexpected from it
!2background
![Page 3: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
background!3[Tukey and Wilk 66, Tukey 77, Tukey 80]
• Confirm / disconfirm a particular hypothesis
!• Typically involves statistical
tests and computation modeling
!• Perfect for computers
!!!
Confirmatory analysis
• Look for unexpected patterns and outliers
!• Ask new questions!
!• Not a fit task for computers
!!!!
Exploratory analysis
Hypothesis-driven inquiry
Data-driven inquiry
![Page 4: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
background!3[Tukey and Wilk 66, Tukey 77, Tukey 80]
• Confirm / disconfirm a particular hypothesis
!• Typically involves statistical
tests and computation modeling
!• Perfect for computers
!!!
Confirmatory analysis
• Look for unexpected patterns and outliers
!• Ask new questions!
!• Not a fit task for computers
!!!!
Exploratory analysis
Hypothesis-driven inquiry
Data-driven inquiry
![Page 5: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
background!3[Tukey and Wilk 66, Tukey 77, Tukey 80]
• Confirm / disconfirm a particular hypothesis
!• Typically involves statistical
tests and computation modeling
!• Perfect for computers
!!!
Confirmatory analysis
• Look for unexpected patterns and outliers
!• Ask new questions!
!• Not a fit task for computers
!!!!
Exploratory analysis
Hypothesis-driven inquiry
Data-driven inquiry
New perceptual aids are needed to facilitate the exploration of “big data” sources
![Page 6: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Cost of digital displays is decreasing rapidly
• Large high-resolution displays are becoming more affordable
• Deployed in real-world scientific settings
• Collaboration between co-located teams
• Visual analysis and exploration of large-scale datasets
Nanoscale materials science
Earth sciences
Ecology and behavioral
biologybackground[Reda et al. 13b, Febretti et al. 13, Reda et al 13c] !4
Could these display improve the rate and quality of insight during exploratory visual analysis? And how/why??
![Page 7: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
!5
information space
visual exploration
![Page 8: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
!5
information space
visual exploration
![Page 9: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
!5
information space
visual exploration
![Page 10: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
!5
information space
+ + =?
visual exploration
![Page 11: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
!6visual exploration
temporal separation
![Page 12: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
!6visual exploration
temporal separation spatial separation (i.e., juxtaposition)
![Page 13: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
!6visual exploration
temporal separation spatial separation (i.e., juxtaposition)
?Aha!
![Page 14: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
!6visual exploration
temporal separation spatial separation (i.e., juxtaposition)
1. What is the effect of increasing the physical size and resolution of the display on user behavior, during visual exploration?
2. And on insight acquisition?
3. Are there new design patterns for exploratory multi-view visualizations on large high-resolution displays?
?Aha!
![Page 15: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
related work
![Page 16: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
!8
Low-level visualization tasks (e.g., find the state with the highest population growth between 1960 and 1990)
Task completion
time
Data sizeStr
ictly
linea
r sca
ling
User performance on a
big display
[Yost and North 06, Yost et al. 07, Ball et al. 07]related work
![Page 17: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
!9related work [Andrews et al. 10, Andrews and North 13]
![Page 18: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
!9related work [Andrews et al. 10, Andrews and North 13]
![Page 19: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
theory !10
![Page 20: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
theory !10
View1
display
View2
View3
View4
![Page 21: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
theory !10
View1
display
View2
View3
View4time
sequentialaccess to
information
![Page 22: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
theory !10
View1
display
View2
View3
View4
View1 View2
View3 View4
display
time
sequentialaccess to
information
![Page 23: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
theory !10
View1
display
View2
View3
View4
View1 View2
View3 View4
display
time
sequentialaccess to
information
embodied, non-sequential
access to information
![Page 24: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
theory !10
View1
display
View2
View3
View4
View1 View2
View3 View4
display
time
sequentialaccess to
information
embodied, non-sequential
access to information
Cost (Temporal-separation) Cost (Spatial-separation)
![Page 25: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
theory !10
View1
display
View2
View3
View4
View1 View2
View3 View4
display
time
sequentialaccess to
information
embodied, non-sequential
access to information
Cost (Temporal-separation) Cost (Spatial-separation)=>
<
![Page 26: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
!11[Norman 02]
seven stages of
action
Goal
System
Intention
Action
Execution Perception
Interpretation
Evaluation
Cost ~ Usability: the ease and learnability of a human-made object
theory
![Page 27: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
!12[Lam 08]
Cost (temporal-separation)
theory
Form goal!
Visualization tool
Form physical sequence!
Execute physical sequence
Form system operators!
Perceive state
framework of interaction
costs in visualizations
Evaluate interpretation
Interpret perception
![Page 28: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
!12[Lam 08]
Cost (temporal-separation)
theory
framework of interaction
costs in visualizations
Evaluate interpretation
Interpret perception
![Page 29: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
!12[Lam 08]
Cost (temporal-separation)
theory
framework of interaction
costs in visualizations
Evaluate interpretation
Interpret perceptionTemporal-view association
![Page 30: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
!12[Lam 08]
Cost (temporal-separation)
theory
framework of interaction
costs in visualizations
Evaluate interpretation
Interpret perceptionTemporal-view association
Mental map (re)-building[Purchase et al. 07]
Cognitive integration[Ratwani et al. 08, Plumlee & Ware 06 ]
}
![Page 31: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
!12[Lam 08]
Cost (temporal-separation)
theory
Form goal!
Visualization tool
Form physical sequence!
Execute physical sequence
Form system operators!
Perceive state
framework of interaction
costs in visualizations
Evaluate interpretation
Interpret perception
![Page 32: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
!12[Lam 08]
Cost (temporal-separation)
theory “cognitive resistance”
Form goal!
Visualization tool
Form physical sequence!
Execute physical sequence
Form system operators!
Perceive state
framework of interaction
costs in visualizations
Evaluate interpretation
Interpret perception
![Page 33: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
!13[Lam 08]
Perceive stateExecute physical sequence
Visualization tool
Interpret perception
Form goal!
Form system operators!
Form physical sequence!
Evaluate interpretation
Cost (spatial-separation)
theory
![Page 34: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
!13[Lam 08]
Perceive stateExecute physical sequence
Visualization tool
Cost (spatial-separation)
theory
![Page 35: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
!13[Lam 08]
Perceive stateExecute physical sequence
Visualization tool
Cost (spatial-separation)
theory
Potentially strenuous physical navigation
(head turns, walking, leaning)
![Page 36: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
!13[Lam 08]
Perceive stateExecute physical sequence
Visualization tool
Cost (spatial-separation)
theory
Managing attention in a more complex environment
Visually resolve a more cluttered visualization
Potentially strenuous physical navigation
(head turns, walking, leaning)
![Page 37: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
!14
• Study I: exploratory case study
• Comparative visual analysis of ensemble datasets on large displays
• Real-world application + domain expert (behavioral ecology)
!
• Study II: comparative study
• Investigate the effects of increasing the size/resolution of the display on user behavior and insight acquisition
• Simulated analysis task on a real-world dataset
![Page 38: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
!15
to nestto food
off-trail navigation?
Understanding the navigational strategies of Seed harvester ants
case study [Offord et al. 13]
![Page 39: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
!15
to nestto food
off-trail navigation?
Understanding the navigational strategies of Seed harvester ants
case study [Offord et al. 13]
![Page 40: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
!16case study
![Page 41: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
!16case study
![Page 42: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
!16case study
On-trail ants West side ants East North south
![Page 43: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
!16case study
On-trail ants West side ants East North south
design pattern: query-by-example brush
![Page 44: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
!17
Findings: user strategy
case study
• Think-aloud protocol
• Verbal protocol analysis
• Coding scheme: Observations, Hypotheses, and Decisions
• Interactions: Query by example, Workspace management
Workspacemanagement
Query by example
Hypothesis formulation
Decision making
Observing outliers
layout-preserving interactions
temporal separation of views
![Page 45: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
!18
Study II: Effects of increasing the display size and resolution on user analytic behavior and insight acquisition
• Goals
• Measure effects of increasing the display size and resolution on quantity and quality of discoveries made during visual exploration
• Understand variations in user behavior and analytic strategy induced as a result of using a larger display with more pixels
• Study design
• Two display conditions (Small, Large)
• Between-subject design
• Think-aloud protocol
• Scenario
• Open-ended visual exploration task: analysis of Chicago crime patterns between 2006 - 2012 (approximately 2.8 million crime incidents)
experiment
![Page 46: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
experiment !19
Visualization interface
[Cockburn et al. 08]
201220092006
TheftBurglaryNarcotics
overview map
![Page 47: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
experiment !19
Visualization interface
[Cockburn et al. 08]
design pattern: “seed and grow”
201220092006
TheftBurglaryNarcotics
overview map
![Page 48: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
experiment !19
Visualization interface
[Cockburn et al. 08]
design pattern: “seed and grow”
201220092006
TheftBurglaryNarcotics
overview map
![Page 49: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
!20
participantexperimenter
4 m
eter
s
wide-angle video camera
keyboard & mouse
papernotepad
CAVE2
experiment [Reda et al. 13b]
![Page 50: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
!21
Experimental conditions
small !
3 x 4 panels 12 Megapixels 40 degree FOV
large !
13 x 4 panels 54 Megapixels
190 degree FOV
experiment
![Page 51: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
!21
Experimental conditions
small !
3 x 4 panels 12 Megapixels 40 degree FOV
large !
13 x 4 panels 54 Megapixels
190 degree FOV
experiment
![Page 52: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
!22experiment
• Participants
• 10 unpaid volunteers (4 female) recruited from EVL
• Distributed evenly under the two experimental conditions
• Procedure
• 15-minutes training
• 2.5 hours of open-ended exploration
• Think-aloud protocol
• Semi-structured debriefing interview
• Verbal protocol analysis
• Coding scheme: Observation, hypothesis, question, goal, comment.
• 5-points quality score: lower-score refer to isolated insights. Higher scores imply broader, more integrative insights
![Page 53: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
!23
Results: exploration time
experiment
![Page 54: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
!23
Results: exploration time
experiment
0!20!40!60!80!
100!120!140!
large! small!
min
utes!
Average length of exploratory activity!
![Page 55: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
!23
Results: exploration time
experiment
0!20!40!60!80!
100!120!140!
large! small!
min
utes!
Average length of exploratory activity!
t(8) = 33.5, p < .01
![Page 56: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
!24
Results: observations
experiment
![Page 57: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
!24
Results: observations
experiment
0!
40!
80!
120!
160!
200!
O1! O2! O3! O4! O5! All!
Average number of observations!
large!small!
* * * *
![Page 58: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
!24
Results: observations
experiment
0!
40!
80!
120!
160!
200!
O1! O2! O3! O4! O5! All!
Average number of observations!
large!small!
* * * *
𝝌2(4, N=1327) = 263.3, p < .001
![Page 59: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
!24
Results: observations
experiment
0!
40!
80!
120!
160!
200!
O1! O2! O3! O4! O5! All!
Average number of observations!
large!small!
* * * *0!
0.2!
0.4!
0.6!
0.8!
1!
1.2!
1.4!
1.6!
O1! O2! O3! O4! O5! All!
obse
rvat
ion
/ min
ute
of a
nalys
is!
Observation rate!
large!small!
* * *
𝝌2(4, N=1327) = 263.3, p < .001
![Page 60: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
!25
Results: hypotheses
experiment
![Page 61: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
!25
Results: hypotheses
experiment
0!
5!
10!
15!
20!
25!
H1! H2! H3! H4! H5! All!
Average number of hypotheses!
large!small!
![Page 62: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
!25
Results: hypotheses
experiment
0!
5!
10!
15!
20!
25!
H1! H2! H3! H4! H5! All!
Average number of hypotheses!
large!small!
𝝌2(4, N=145) = 67.3, p < .001
![Page 63: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
!25
Results: hypotheses
experiment
0!
5!
10!
15!
20!
25!
H1! H2! H3! H4! H5! All!
Average number of hypotheses!
large!small!
0!
0.05!
0.1!
0.15!
0.2!
0.25!
H1! H2! H3! H4! H5! All!
hypo
thes
is /
min
ute
of a
naly
sis!
Hypothesis formulation rate!
large!small!
𝝌2(4, N=145) = 67.3, p < .001
![Page 64: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
!26
Results: quantity and rate of insights
experiment
• Comparable rate of insight between the two display conditions
• Participants chose to spend 35 minutes extra time on average exploring the dataset with the large display
• This may have caused participants to make more observations with the large display
![Page 65: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
!26
Results: quantity and rate of insights
experiment
• Comparable rate of insight between the two display conditions
• Participants chose to spend 35 minutes extra time on average exploring the dataset with the large display
• This may have caused participants to make more observations with the large display
minutes into activity
com
mut
ativ
e in
sigh
ts
![Page 66: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
!27experiment
Results: quality of insights
![Page 67: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
!27experiment
Results: quality of insights
![Page 68: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
!27experiment
insight “breadth”
prob
abilit
y
• The large display is more likely to elicit broader, more integrative insights.
Results: quality of insights
![Page 69: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
!28
Results: user behavior
experiment
![Page 70: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
!28
Results: user behavior
experiment
participant S1 (small)
![Page 71: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
!28
Results: user behavior
experiment
participant S1 (small)
participant L5 (large)
![Page 72: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
!29experiment
p(large) - p(small) Results: user behavior
![Page 73: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
!29experiment
p(large) - p(small)
• Significant tendency to “integrate information / continue to make observations” with the large display
• More frequent transitions to “form goal” (36% increase, non-significant)
• Suggests the formulation and pursuit of more exploratory goals with the large display
Results: user behavior
![Page 74: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
!30
Discussion: human limits
experiment
• Some complaints suggest information overload situations with the large display • “It’s hard to look over so much! It’s so hard to compare so many things.”
• Difficulty in integrating information across spatially disparate views • “By the time I finished turning my head to the other side I would forget [the contents of
the previous view]”
• Participants on the large display seem to limit themselves to 6-7 columns (87-102 degrees of visual angle)
![Page 75: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
!30
Discussion: human limits
experiment
• Some complaints suggest information overload situations with the large display • “It’s hard to look over so much! It’s so hard to compare so many things.”
• Difficulty in integrating information across spatially disparate views • “By the time I finished turning my head to the other side I would forget [the contents of
the previous view]”
• Participants on the large display seem to limit themselves to 6-7 columns (87-102 degrees of visual angle)
![Page 76: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
!31
Discussion: summary• RQ1 - What is the effect of increasing the display size/resolution on user behavior?
• Significant increase in the length of the exploratory activity.
• Suggests a tendency to pursue more ambitious exploratory goals with the large display
• Small display participants seem to resist exploration when they did not have a priori intuition: “I only bothered to look at the years when I knew something about an area– like Cabrini Green and the Taylor area” !
• Significant tendency to integrate observations / continue to derive new observations!
!• RQ2 - What is the effect of increasing the display size/resolution on insight acquisition?
• Significant increase in the number of observations reported
• Slight increase in the number of hypotheses formulated (not significant)
• Comparable rates of insight (for observations and hypotheses)
• Significant tendency to generate higher-level, more integrative insights.
!• RQ3 - Are there new design patterns for multi-view based visualization on large displays?
• “Seed and grow” design patter
• Loose view coordination model to support multiple exploratory threads
• Lens metaphor to facilitate the exploration of disparate parts of the information space
![Page 77: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
!32
Scientific reasoning through dual search
outlook [Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 78: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 79: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 80: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 81: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 82: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 83: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 84: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 85: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 86: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 87: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 88: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
observations
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
![Page 89: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
observations
!33
Scientific reasoning through dual search: experimenters
outlook
Hypothesis space
experiment / Information
space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
generalize
![Page 90: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
experiment / Information
space
![Page 91: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
experiment / Information
space
![Page 92: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
experiment / Information
space
![Page 93: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 94: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 95: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 96: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 97: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 98: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 99: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 100: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 101: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 102: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 103: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
evidence
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 104: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
evidence
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
evaluate evidence
experiment / Information
space
![Page 105: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
evidence
!34
Scientific reasoning through dual search: theorists
outlook
Hypothesis space
[Klahr and Dunbar 88]
predict
collect evidence
evaluate evidence
re-frame
experiment / Information
space
![Page 106: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
!35contributions
![Page 107: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
!35contributions
theory[c2]
![Page 108: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
!35contributions
theory[c2]
![Page 109: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
!35contributions
theory[c2]
design patterns
[c3]
![Page 110: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
!35contributions
apply
theory[c2]
design patterns
[c3]
![Page 111: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
!35contributions
apply
theory[c2]
design patterns
[c3]
case study + experiment
[c4-5]
![Page 112: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
!35contributions
apply instantiate
theory[c2]
design patterns
[c3]
case study + experiment
[c4-5]
![Page 113: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
!35contributions
apply instantiate
validate
theory[c2]
design patterns
[c3]
case study + experiment
[c4-5]
![Page 114: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
!35contributions
apply instantiate
validate
theory[c2]
design patterns
[c3]
case study + experiment
[c4-5]
![Page 115: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
!35contributions
apply instantiate
validate
theory[c2]
design patterns
[c3]
case study + experiment
[c4-5]
scientific reasoning
hypothesis
observations
[c6]
![Page 116: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
!35contributions
apply instantiate
validate reflect
theory[c2]
design patterns
[c3]
case study + experiment
[c4-5]
scientific reasoning
hypothesis
observations
[c6]
![Page 117: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
!36future work
• New design patterns?
• Desktop has “overview, zoom, detail-on-demand” [Shneiderman, 96]
• “Spread, eye-ball, coalesce”?
• Design space for multi-view-based visualizations on large displays
• Collaborative visual analytics
• This is where the cost investment makes more sense.
• Applications and real-world case studies
![Page 118: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
![Page 119: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
![Page 120: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
thank you!
![Page 121: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Extras
!39
![Page 122: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
background
Why visualize data?
!40
visualization statistics
I II III IVx mean 9 9 9 9y mean 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50
x variance 10 10 10 10
y variance 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75
x/y correlation 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81
[Anscombe’s quartet]
![Page 123: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
background
Why visualize data?
!40
visualization statistics
I II III IVx mean 9 9 9 9y mean 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50
x variance 10 10 10 10
y variance 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75
x/y correlation 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81
[Anscombe’s quartet]
Contained within the data of any investigation is information that can yield conclusions to questions not even originally asked. That is, there can be surprises in the data… To regularly miss surprises by failing to probe thoroughly with visualization tools is terribly inefficient because the cost of intensive data analysis is typically very small compared with the cost of data collection.
-William Cleveland, the Elements of Graphing Data
![Page 124: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
!41
intuition, prior hypotheses,
experience
!!
Visualization
spontaneous observations,
new hypotheses
observations: unit of knowledge acquired from the visualization !hypothesis: conjecture that cannot be directly inferred from the visualization
visual exploration
{insight
form exploratory goals
interpret visual patterns
[Liu and Stasko 10, Treisman 86]
![Page 125: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
!42
Alternate projections of the same information
Multiple visualization states (i.e., exploratory
threads)
Different subsets of information
(aka, small-multiples)
visual exploration
http://flowingdata.com/tag/small-multiples/
[Wang Baldonado et al. 2000]
Vis!workspace 1
Vis!workspace 2
Vis!workspace 3
![Page 126: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
!43
Visualization
• User performance kept pace with increasing data and screen size [Yost et al. 07] • Increased physical navigation over virtual navigation [Ball and North 05, Ball et al. 07] • Mixed results in map-related tasks; some interfaces are poorly-suited to large displays (e.g. context + focus lenses) [Jakobsen and Hornbæk 11]
Intelligence analysis
(text)
• Memory externalization, semantic spatial arrangement (users attach meaning to space), Schematization [Andrews et al. 10] • Automatic inferring of semantics from interactions [Endert et al. 12b]
Office environment
• Improved spatial cognition + embodied memory [Tan 04] • Reduced gender performance disparities in virtual navigation [Tan 03b] • Reduced window switching, and reduced user frustration [Ball and North 05] • Increased productivity in cognitively demanding office work [Czerwinski et al. 03, Bi et al. 09]
related work
![Page 127: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
!44
High-res / reduced FOV
[Ball and North 08]related work
Low-res / wide FOV
• High-resolution + physical navigation is more important to improving user performance
![Page 128: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
!44
High-res / reduced FOV
[Ball and North 08]related work
Low-res / wide FOV
• High-resolution + physical navigation is more important to improving user performance
context + focus displays [Baudisch et al. 02]
![Page 129: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
!45
action
perception
visual exploration
![Page 130: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
!46
action
perception
data mining, filtering,
transformation, re-projection
induction, deduction, analogical thinking
T1
T2
information space insights
visual exploration [Sedig et al. 12]
![Page 131: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
!46
action
perception
data mining, filtering,
transformation, re-projection
induction, deduction, analogical thinking
T1
T2
information space insights
Temporal separation
visual exploration [Sedig et al. 12]
![Page 132: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
!47theory
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
View1 V2 V3 V5V4
[Maxcey-Richard and Hollingworth 13]
unexpected discoveries
Cost (temporal-separation): bottom-up costs
time
![Page 133: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
!47theory
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
View1 V2 V3 V5V4
[Maxcey-Richard and Hollingworth 13]
unexpected discoveries
Cost (temporal-separation): bottom-up costs
timeP(View1)
![Page 134: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
!48theory
• Top-down costs
• Discourage the formation of new exploratory goals
• `Tunnel vision’ phenomenon where exploration is focused on isolated subsets in the information space
!
• Bottom-up cost
• Overuse of visual working memory to retain visual patterns of interest
• Reduction in the probability of making spontaneous inferences relating to patterns deposited in temporally-separated views
Cost (temporal-separation): summary
![Page 135: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
!48theory
• Top-down costs
• Discourage the formation of new exploratory goals
• `Tunnel vision’ phenomenon where exploration is focused on isolated subsets in the information space
!
• Bottom-up cost
• Overuse of visual working memory to retain visual patterns of interest
• Reduction in the probability of making spontaneous inferences relating to patterns deposited in temporally-separated views
Cost (temporal-separation): summary
?
![Page 136: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
!49case study
![Page 137: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
!49
Screen surface
Time
2D movement
Trajec
tory
case study
![Page 138: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
experiment !50
Visualization interface
[Cockburn et al. 08]
201220092006
TheftBurglaryNarcotics
overview map
![Page 139: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
experiment !50
Visualization interface
[Cockburn et al. 08]
design pattern: “seed and grow”
201220092006
TheftBurglaryNarcotics
overview map
![Page 140: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
experiment !50
Visualization interface
[Cockburn et al. 08]
Density of crime incidence
Yearly, weekly, daily crime trends
design pattern: “seed and grow”
201220092006
TheftBurglaryNarcotics
overview map
![Page 141: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
experiment !50
Visualization interface
[Cockburn et al. 08]
Density of crime incidence
Yearly, weekly, daily crime trends
design pattern: “seed and grow”
201220092006
TheftBurglaryNarcotics
overview map
![Page 142: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
!51experiment
structure layoutfreeform layout
large
small
![Page 143: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
!52experiment
• 3 “mental states”
• Make observation
• Form goal
• Formulate hypothesis
• 2 types of interaction
• Layout-preserving (brush-and-link / pan map)
• Layout-changing (create new view, changing view contents)
Results: user behavior
![Page 144: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
!53
Results: user behavior / strategy
experiment
average (small)
average (large)
![Page 145: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
!54
0!
1!
2!
3!
4!
5!
large!
small!
usability utility
usability / utility
experiment
![Page 146: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
!55experiment
Results: quality of insights
Do higher-level insights occur at a later time in the activity?
![Page 147: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
!55experiment
Results: quality of insights
minutes into activity
leve
l of i
nsig
ht
Do higher-level insights occur at a later time in the activity?
![Page 148: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
!56
Form goal!
Visualization tool
Form system operators!
Form physical sequence!
Execute physical sequence Perceive state
Evaluate interpretation
Interpret perception
![Page 149: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
!56
Form goal!
Visualization tool
Form system operators!
Form physical sequence!
Execute physical sequence Perceive state
Evaluate interpretation
Interpret perception
![Page 150: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
!56
Form goal!
Visualization tool
Form system operators!
Form physical sequence!
Execute physical sequence Perceive state
Evaluate interpretation
Interpret perception
![Page 151: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
!56
Form goal!
Visualization tool
Form system operators!
Form physical sequence!
Execute physical sequence Perceive state
Evaluate interpretation
Interpret perception
![Page 152: Exploratory Visual Analysis in Large High-Resolution Displays](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052820/54b6ed654a7959aa218b46f1/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
!57contributions
1. Theory of how interaction costs affect user behavior in exploratory visual analysis
• `Tunnel vision’ phenomenon in situations involving large amounts of data
• Costs are elevated due to excessive temporal-separation of views
2. Effects of increasing the size and resolution of the visualization interface on user behavior and insights acquisition
• Increased user investment / exploration
• More observations
• Formation of higher-level, more integrative insights
3. Design patterns for large high-resolution displays
• Query-by-example brush for the analysis of ensemble data
• “Seed and grow” pattern: loose view coordination model with lens metaphor