Explorations on the Chindwin River, The Upper Burma, 1888

8/9/2019 Explorations on the Chindwin River, The Upper Burma, 1888

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:3< @\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM@CU@^/ PVV@^ NP^KJ-ctr dceecbpotc`r/ v~cmbcvjoos bjpr`d .ns tl` `|b`rrcu` ~jcmejoo- Tlòjt`m`rr ie toc` r`jrim jmd tl` rqioo`m rtjt` ie tl` ~cu`~r v~ù`mt`d ip~`|voi~cma tiqj~dr tl` Lphima Ujoo`s tljt r`jrim/ jmd tl` m`|t rjq cm`cm Acoact/ im tl` ivvirct` e~imtc`~ ie Cmdcj- Ojrt biod q`jtl`~ jmjtt`kvt qjr kjd` ls K~- M``dljk/ vioctcbjo ieecb`~jt Rjdcsj/ jbbik9vjmc`d ls Bjvtjcm Kcblòo/ d-z-k-a-/ jmd ks ojt` jrrcrtjmt/ K~- Iao`/ j'rp~u`si~/ ti v`m`t~jt` ti tl` Lphima Sjoo`s/ npt ct qjr mit rpbb`rrepo/-iqcma/ jr C pmd`~rtjmd/ ti ejcop~` ie rpvvoc`r/ jmd tl` vj~ts ~`tp~m`dnèi~` ~`jblcma tljt ujoo`s/ jmd ip~ hmiqo`da` ie ct jmd ctr cmljnctjmtr-cr rtcoo cmbikvo`t`-C bjmmit lòv tlcmhcma tljt ce q` ljd n``m jno` ti bpotcujt` ki~è~c`mdos ~òjtcimr qctl tl` Lphima Rcmavlir cm tl` s`j~r aim` ns/ q`rlipod lju` ljd tl`c~ jrrcrtjmb` cm zpc`tcma tl` Kiaipma dcrt~cbt/qlcblljr acu`m pr kpbl t~ipno`- J a~`jt ajv `|crtr/ im ip~ kjvr/ cm tl`bip~r` ie tl` Blcmdqcm ~cu`~ n`tq``m ojtctpd`r >59 jmd >19/ npt C tlcmhtljt tl` bip~r` kj~h`d im tl` kjv jbbikvjmscma tlcr vjv`~ cr ejc~osbi~~`bt8 jmd ct qcoo n` r``m tljt tl` a`m`~jo dc~`btcim ie tl` Blcmdqcm~cu`~ tl~ipalipt ctr o`matl cr j octto` `jrt ie riptl tcoo/ jt Kcmacm/ cttp~mr tiqj~dr tl` C~jqjdc- Gprt jt ctr rip~b`r tl` lcal`rt ~jma`r ocìm ctr oèt njmh/ npt e~ikql`~` ip~ hmiqo`da` ie ct jajcm cr b`~tjcm/ tl`lcal ojmd cr joo im tl` ~calt njmh/ tl` a`m`~jo oùò ie tl` bipmt~s titl` `jrt n`cma u`~s oiq- Jt jnipt ojtctpd` >09 >6! sip qcoo r`` tljt tl`Blcmdqcm ~`b`cu`r j t~cnptj~s/ bjoo`d tl`~` tl` Tpwp- Tl` bip~r` ietlcr ~cu`~ qjr jt im` tck` j aìa~jvlcbjo vpwwo`- Kjgi~ Aidqcm+Jprt`m ec~rtrjq ctr riptl`~m n~jmbl cm :+12/ jmd ct qjr tl`m r``m tieoiq ei~ kjms kco`r cm j mi~tl+`jrt`~os dc~`btcim/ tl` ujoo`s n`cma rlptcm ti tl` `jrt ns j oiets ~jma`/ tl` v`jhr ie qlcbl ~ir` ti iu`~ :>/666'e``t/ jmd ct r``k`d ckvirrcno` tljt tlcr ~cu`~/ eoiqcma jt jm òùjtcim ierkos >666 e``t/ bipod ecmd jm `|ct n`tq``m jms tqi ie tl`r` v`jhr+]ù`~tlò`rr ct qjr ri- Cm Kj~bl :


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@\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ- :33eoiqcma tliprjmdr ie e``t .nòiq- Tl` riptl`~m qj~d`~ ie tl` ai~a`~cr`r ti ::/666 e``t/ jmd n`tq``m ct jmd Rj~jk`tlc oc`r j dcrtjmb` jr tl`b~iq eoc`r ie imos jnipt >6 kco`r8 jmd s`t kcdqjs n`tq``m tl`r` tqiv`jhr/ jmd jt j k`jm d`vtl ie :6/666 e``t nòiq tl`c~ b~`rtr/ tl` Tpwpecmdr ctr qjs ipt ti tl` vojcmr ie Np~kj- Oiihcma tl~ipal tl` ajvC bipod r`` n`simd ct9mitlcma- Ct r``k`d jr ce q` ljd ~`jbl`d tl` oietskipmtjcmr/ qlcbl/ jr tl` jmbc`mtr nòcù`d/ `mbc~bo` tl` qi~od/ jmd tljtn`simd tl` ai~a` tl` ~cu`~ kprt `kvts ctròe cmti rvjb`- Q` oima`d ti`|voi~` tl` ksrt`~c`r n`simd/ npt tl` r`jrim ei~ rje` t~juòocma qjrm`j~os vjrt/ ip~ rpvvoc`r ljd ~pm u`~s rli~t/ tl` bipmt~s qjr cmlir+vctjno`/ jmd q` q`~` n`simd cmt`~v~`tjtcim/ ù`m ip~ cmt`~v~`t`~r jmdapcd`r e~ikip~ ojrt bjkv/ j e`q kco`r iee/n`cma pmjno` ti pmd`~rtjmdtl` dcjo`bt ie tl` ucooja`r q` ljd tl`m ~`jbl`d- Q` bipod tl`~èi~`jrh mi zp`rtcimr jr ti ip~ bljmb`r ie ~`jblcma tl` Blcmdqcm- Hjetrqipod v~injnos mit lju` ocu`d/ jmd tl` dceecbpotc`r ie ei~bcma j vjtltl~ipal tl` ai~a` jmd n`simd/ qctl ip~ ockct`d tck` jmd `macm``~cmajvvocjmb`r/ qipod lju` n``m cmrpv`~jno`- Imb` im tl` Blcmdqcm Uu+`kcalt lju` ait im-C qjr pmjno` ti ~`jbl tl` gpmbtcim ie tl` Tpwp jmd Blcmdqcm ojrts`j~/ npt jet`~ C ljd oètNp~kj/ Kjgi~ Njch`r/ D`vpts Bikkcrrcim`~ ietl` Blcmdqcm/ q`mt pv cm j rt`jk`~ dp~cma tl` ~jcmr/ cm Gpos i~Jpaprt/ jmd jvvj~`mtos eipmd ucooja`r/ tlipal vii~ im`r/ jniu` tl`kiptl ie tl` Tpwp- Rt~jma` ti rjs/ jotlipal tl` rt`jk`~ kprt lju`n``m tqcb` vjrt tl` kiptl ie tl` Tpwp/ im m`ctl`~ ibbjrcim dcd jms ietl` vj~ts im nij~d mitcb` ql`~` tl` Tpwp gicm`d tl` Blcmdqcm8 qlcblr``kr u`~s rt~jma`/ jr ct cr ns mi k`jmr jm cmrcamcecbjmt rt~`jk/ pmo`rrctr eimdm`rr ei~ rp~v~cr`r bj~~c`r ct iee m rik` zpct` pm`|v`bt`d dc~`btcim-Dp~cma tl` ~jcmr tl` Blcmdqcm cr mjucajno` ei~ j rt`jk`~ d~jqcma eip~e``t ie qjt`~/ pv ti jnipt ojtctpd` >59- C bjm imos rv`jh ~ipalos/ jr Clju` mit r``m jms kjv ie tl` bip~r`- Ep~tl`~ v~ia~`rr qjr rtivv`d nsj nj~~c`~ ie ~ibh ~pmmcma ~calt jb~irr tl` ~cu`~/ bjprcma j qjt`~ejoo ierik` eip~ i~ ecu` e``t- Nèi~` tlcr qjr ~`jbl`d/ tl` ucooja`r/ qlcbl ljdn``m a~iqcma e`q`~ jmd ej~tl`~ n`tq``m/ jmd ù`~ vii~`~/ ljd b`jr`djotia`tl`~- Mjtcu` cmei~kjtcim rtjt`r tljt tl` ~cu`~ cr pmmjucajno`jniu` tlcr nj~~c`~ tcoo tl` Lphima Ujoo`s cr ~`jbl`d/ ql`~` tl` rt~`jkcr rpeecbc`mtos a`mto` ei~ nijtr ti n` `kvois`d- Jr cm tl` bjr` ie joo~cu`~r cm tlcr ~àcim ie `|b`rrcu` ~jcmejoo/ tl` Blcmdqcm ~cr`r u`~s bim9rcd`~jnos dp~cma tl` ~jcmr/ npt cm tl` biod q`jtl`~/ jmd `rv`bcjoos dp~cma/Kj~bl/ Jv~co/ jmd Kjs/ ct cr ri rljooiq cm vojb`r jr ti kjh` mjucajtcimdceecbpot ù`m ei~ rkjoo rt`jk+ojpmbl`r8 qlco`/ l`~` jmd tl`~`/ qlc~oviior+jmd mj~~iqr j~` tl` t`~~i~ ie rt`jk`~ bjvtjcmr8 jmd cm Jv~co `jbl ietl` tl~`` Aiu`~mk`mt rt`jk`~r bjk` ki~` i~ o`rr ti a~cè9im` ietl`k im ctr u`~s ec~rt t~cv ti H`mdjt- Mi dipnt tl` mjucajtcim bipodn` ckv~iu`d qctlipt u`~s kpbl dceecbpots/ tlipal rlcetcma rjmdnjmhr


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>66 @\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ-Jniu` tl` gpmbtcim ie tl` P~p ~cu`~ qctl tl` Blcmdqcm cr tl` t`jdcrt~cbt- C bipod mit ucrct ct/ npt C iu`~oiih`d ct e~ik j lcoo im tl` ~calt

njmh ie tl` ~cu`~ ivvirct` Likjocm- Ks apcd` tiod k` tljt tl`Kjlj~jgjl ie Kjmcvp~ kjh`r j oj~a` v~iect ipt ie tl` t`j r``d/ qlcbll` npsr cm Tljpmadpt/ jmd ròor cm Bjblj~- Ks apcd`/ qli rvih`@maocrl/ jori rjcd/ .Ns jmd ns vo`mts a`mto`k`m bikcma l`~`/ tl`mr``cma kjms npmajoiqr joo iu`~ tljt rcd`-. J aiid d`jo ie ~cb` cr`|vi~t`d e~ik tl` pvv`~ Blcmdqcm/ jmd im` mitcb`jno` e`jtp~` im tl`~cu`~ cr tl` mpkn`~ ie oima njknii ~jetr/ `jbl ie qlcbl bj~~c`r qljt jtec~rt r``kr ti n` j rkjoo jmd m`jtos npcot ucooja`/ npt qlcbl cr ~`joos jmpkn`~ ie rkjoo rti~`lipr`r ei~ a~jcm/ jmd im` i~ tqi lptr ei~ tl`~jetrk`m jmd tl`c~ ejkcoc`r- C qjr tiod tljt tl` bikk`~bcjo rt`jk`~riet`m di j aiid nprcm`rr cm a~jcm+bj~~scma- Tl` ieocb`~r ie tl` NiknjsNp~kj Bi~vi~jtcim lju` oima bj~~c`d im `|t`mrcu` iv`~jtcimr cm tl`kjamcecb`mt t`jh ei~`rtr ie tl` Blcmdqcm jmd Hjnp ujoo`sr 8 tl`s lju`rù`~jo rtjtcimr im tl` ~cu`~/ tl` lcal`rt n`cma H`mdjt- Ct qcoo n`~`k`kn`~`d tljt Hcma Tlcnjq!r ~`vpdcjtcim ie tl` ja~``k`mt qctl tlcrbikvjms jmd bimecrbjtcim ie tl`c~ v~iv`~ts q`~` jkima tl` bjpr`r ietl` qj~- Ql`m qj~ qjr d`boj~`d/ rù`~jo ie tl` bikvjms!r ieecbcjorq`~` hcoo`d/ jmd itl`~r ljd u`~s mj~~iq `rbjv`r-Riptl ie Kjmcvp~/ jmd nipmdcma Np~kj im tl` q`rt/ oc`r j kjrr ieoiets lcoor/ ~pmmcma cm vj~jooò ~cda`r mi~tl jmd riptl/ jmd cmljnct`d nstl` t~cn`r hmiqm jr Blcmr/ Oprljcr/ Rl`mdpr/ jmd Hphcr/ joo/ C ckjacm`/boiròs jooc`d- Jr tl` Oprljcr pr`d ti ~jcd im ip~ `jrt`~m e~imtc`~/ jmddi rtcoo im tl` Blcttjaima ni~d`~/' ri di tl` Blcmr ~jcd im Np~kj- Tl`sliod tljt lpkjm rjb~cecb`r j~` m`b`rrj~s ti `mrp~` tl` rpbb`rr ie tl`c~ja~cbpotp~jo iv`~jtcimr/ jmd tl`c~ uc`qr lju` mit bljma`d qctl tl`bljma` ie jdkcmcrt~jtcim cm Np~kj/ jmd tl`c~ ~jcdr j~` mit jt joo jbimr`zp`mb` ie ip~ jmm`|jtcim ie tljt bimmt~s- Ct kjs n` m`b`rrj~s/nèi~` tl`r` t~cn`r bjm n` cmdpb`d ti r`tto` diqm zpc`tos/ ti r`md j rkjooei~b` jajcmrt tl`k e~ik Np~kj ti iv`~jt` rckpotjmìpros qctl im`r`mt e~ik Blcttjaima- Tlcr qipod n` tl` n`rt qjs ie iv`mcma pv tl`lcoor/ npt rpbl `|v`dctcimr j~` birtos/ tl` bipmt~s cr u`~s dcembpot ei~t~iivr/ jmd tl` t~jmrvi~t ljr ti n` bj~~c`d im `mtc~òs ns biioc`r8 nptpmo`rr k`t e~ik nitl rcd`r tl` Blcmr qipod k`~òs ~`tc~` nèi~` pr-Cm tl` k`jmtck`/ j rv`bcjo . Blcm oùs. cr n`cma ~jcr`d/ jmd v~`+bjptcimj~s k`jrp~`r j~` n`cma tjh`m ti v~it`bt/ jr ej~ jr virrcno` jtv~`r`mt/ ip~ Np~k`r` rpng`btr e~ik Blcm cmbp~rcimr8 jmd b`~tjcmos mittii riim ce/ jr rtjt`d cm j ojt` Cmdcjm vjv`~/ ct cr t~p` tljt cm tl` kimtlie Ibtin`~/ tqòu` Np~k`r` q`~` hcoo`d/ kjms qipmd`d/ jmd :>6 bj~~c`diee mti roju`~s ns tl` Blcmr-Jr ti tl` bockjt`/ j octto` ~jcm eòo cm D`b`kn`~/ jmd tl`~` q`~` j e`q

' Imostqii~tl~` djsr jet`~ lcr vjv`~ qjr ~`jd/ l` tòà~jvl ~ipalt `qr iej r`~ciprBlcm ~jcd im tl` qlcblm`b`r`ctjt`d m


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@\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ- >6:q`t djsr cm tl` n`acmmcma jmd `md ie Gjmpj~s/ itn`~qcr` ct qjr ecm` jmdvo`jrjmt- Tiqj~dr tl` `md ie Kj~bl tl`~` q`~` j e`q tlpmd`~rti~kr/jmd tl` q`jtl`~ n`bjk` u`~s lit/ bimtcmpcma ri pv ti Jv~co jmd Kjs/ql`m tl` tl`~kik`t`~ ju`~ja`d :669 cm tl` rljd`8 npt ct qjr d~s/ jmdtl` t`kv`~jtp~` qjr vo`jrjmt`~ ti n`j~ tljm cm Bjobpttj jt


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>6> @\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ-qc~`r cm qlcbl bjm n` kjd` ti cmt`~b`vt j acu`m o`matl/ rjs 0 i~ :6 e``t/ie j ~id lòd ns j kjm im tl` rvit/ tl` dcrtjmb` ie qlcbl e~ik tlìnr`~u`~ cr ~`zpc~`d- J tjno` cm tl` inr`~u`~!r mit`+niih acu`r tl` dcr9tjmb`r bi~~`rvimdcma ti tl` jmao`r rpnt`md`d ns tl` ~id/ jmd tl` bikvjrracu`r tl` dc~`btcim- Tlpr n`j~cma jmd dcrtjmb` bjm n` voitt`d jt imb`-C lju` iet`m pr`d tlcr cmrt~pk`mt/ jmd eipmd ct `|bòo`mt/ n`cma jno` tidi jr kpbl jr :< ti >6 kco`r ie u`~s jbbp~jt` ~ipt` rp~u`s i~ t~ju`~r`cm j djs-' Ie bip~r`/ `jbl rp~u`si~ ljd lcr vojm`+tjno`8 jmd j rkjoorpvvos ie lsvrik`t`~r/ jm`~icd nj~ik`t`~r/ jmd bl~imik`t`~ qjtbl`rbikvo`t`d ip~ `zpcvk`mt-Q` t~juòo`d ns qjs ie Bjblj~/ ql`~` q` ljot`d ei~ j e`q djsr tivcbh pv ip~ biioc` `rtjnocrlk`mt e~ik tl` Hljrcj Lcoor/ k`m qli b`~9tjcmos kjh` tl` n`rt vi~t`~r ei~ tl` lcoor im tljt e~imtc`~- Tl`s j~`rt~ima/ lj~ds/ bl``~epo/ `jrcos bimt`mt`d/ jmd bjm bj~~s j oijd ie 56 onr-cm jddctcim ti tl`c~ iqm octto` nòimacmar/ a`m`~joos/ cm joo/ iu`~ 16 onr-Q` ljd im` kjm imb` qctl j a~`jt jvv`tct`/ qli qjr mù`~ rjtcrec`dqctl tl` i~dcmj~s biioc` ~jtcim ie > onr- ie ~cb` djcos/ npt qjmt`d tqcb`tljt jkipmt7 l` qjr tiod tljt ce l` ljd tqi k`m!r ~jtcimr l` kprt

bj~~s tqi k`m!r oijd/ jmd tlcrl` qcoocmaos ja~``d ti di/ jmddcd- Tl`s bj~~s tl`c~ oijdrprv`md`d ns j njmd e~iktlèi~`l`jd/ jmd tlcr o`ju`r tl`c~ljmdr jmd j~kr e~``8 j a~`jttlcma ql`m tl` ~ijd/ jr e~`9zp`mtos ljvv`mr/ oc`r iu`~ i~~ipmd rt``v ejb`r ie ~ibh/qctl u`~s octto` eiitliod/ tl`blcè rpvvi~t n`cma intjcm`de~ik bjm`r jmd b~``v`~r/qlcbl tl` k`m boptbl jr tl`svjrr joima- Tl` Hljrcjrlju` j v`bpocj~ hcmd ie bljc~qlcbl tl`s pr` ei~ bj~~scmavìvo` cm/ jmd qlcbl q` jd9ivt`d qctl a~`jt jdujmtjaèi~ tl` t~jmrvi~t ie rcbh i~

qipmd`d k`m- Ct bimrcrtr ie j rtipt njknii/ jnipt Lsz e``t oima/qlcbl cr rvoct pv ei~ jnipt tqi+tlc~dr ie ctr o`matl- Tl` rvoct vj~t crtl`m iv`m`d ipt ri jr ti ei~k j epmmò/ cmti tl` nittik ie qlcbl crqi~h`d j r`jt8 ljoe ie tl` rvoct vi~tcimr j~` tl`m bpt jqjs/ jmd tl`~`rt j~` qi~h`d qctl bjm` cmti j bikei~tjno` njbh ti tl` r`jt8 j rkjooeiit+~`rt cr rprv`md`d e~ik tl` r`jt8 jmd ql`m im` cr jbbprtik`dti ct/ ct cr mit jt joo jm pmbikei~tjno` kid` ie bimu`sjmb`- C qjr

T~juòocma+bmjc~e tl`Hljrcjr-


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@\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ- >62imb` bj~~c`d tlpr ns tqi k`m/ tp~m jmd tp~m jnipt/ ei~ rc| q``hr/ ljucmarv~jcm`d ks jmho` njdos-

Tl` Hljrcj biioc`r n~ipalt diqm e~ik Rlcooima/ ql`~` C ljd oèt ctql`m C rtj~t`d ei~ Acoact/ j N`~tlim nijt qlcbl C ljd vp~bljr`d cm:6 ti 26 e``tjniu` tl` ~cu`~/ qcmt`~ oùò- Tl` ]9_ Y-r9/9m//im BjK@RYeeirprv`mrcim ~iv`r j~` rt~imaos jmbli~`d __ C[t / t - / gc __ -Njkniir+- ))iu`~/ jmd ti/ ocucma t~``r im tl` _U- .......+))njmhr- Tl`~` cr u`~s octto` dcv/ mit ]_ kjttcma CCki~` tljm eip~ e``t- Tl` r`btcim ie s4)! _U)tl` n~cda` cr j vj~jnioj/ qctl tl` ]O gt)~ijdqjs cm tl` jv`|- Tl` ~ijdqjs 'r]] GWso)~cr kjtt`d/ tl` kjttcma n`cma bp~u`d ~+gv]v]@+cpv im `ctl`~ rcd` ti tl` l`calt ie R`btcim eRprv`mrcim~cda`-jnipt tl~`` e``t/qlcbl acu`r j a~`jt`~cd`j ie r`bp~cts- Cmmpk`~jno` rtjsr jmd apsr acu` j b`~tjcm rtjncoctsti tl` rt~pbtp~`- Vimc`r bjmmit `jrcos vjrr/ jmd cm tl` qcmt`~ j rkjooeoijtcma n~cda` acu`r tl`k vjrrja`- Cm Jrrjk tqi nijtr ejrt`m`d


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>64 @\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ-mit n` rjmbtcim`d/ jmd ql`m ip~ t~jmrvi~t ieecb`~/Bjvtjcm Qcobibhr]j rkj~t sipma eòoiq/ rpaa`rt`d tlcr vojm ti tl` V~ck` Kcmcrt`~/ là~juòs rjcd/ .Ct qipod n` jm iee`mb` jajcmrt tl` D`cts/ qli qipodjrrp~`dos ucrct tl` bipmt~s qctl rik` dc~` jeeocbtcim e L` rjq tqi nijtrri pmmjtp~joos bimm`bt`d-.Q` ~`jbl`d Kjmcvp~ im tl`


9/24

@\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ- >60~`jds/ jmd ljucma inr`~u`d ti tl`k e~ik Kpmic/ C q`mt im ti Tjkkpucj Sjmaivivc tljmj- Tl` Hjnp cr j oima mj~~iq ujoo`s/ eojt jmdiv`m/ oscma ti tl` q`rt jmd riptl+q`rt ie Kjmcvp~/ jmd cm Np~k`r`t`~~cti~s/ tl` nipmdj~s l`~` n`tq``m Kjmcvp~ jmd Np~kj oscma joimatl` eiit ie tl` lcoor ie tl` ei~k`~ rtjt`8 Sjmaivivc tljmj/ j q~`tbl`dbioo`btcim ie lptr cm j ~itt`m rtibhjd`/ ei~kcma im` ie tl` e~imtc`~ ipt+virtr ie Kjmcvp~- Cm tl` Hjnp q` lju` jmitl`~ cmrtjmb` ie tqirt~`jkr eoiqcma cm ivvirct` dc~`btcimr/ k``tcma/ jmd tp~mcma iee jt~calt jmao`r tl~ipal j ~jma` ie lcoor- Tl` Hjnp ujoo`s cr nipmd`d imtl` `jrt ns j oiq ~jma` bjoo`d tl` Jmaiblcma/ ctr v`jhr ~crcma e~ik>666 ti 2666 e``t jniu` tl` r`j/ tl` a`m`~jo oùò ie tl` Hjnp n`cmajvv~i|ckjtòs 566 e``t- Tl` qjt`~rl`d n`tq``m tl` Hjnp ujoo`s jmdtl` rt~`jk ~pmmcma ti Hjo`ksi cr ri u`~s oiq tljt oiihcma riptl e~ikTjkkp/ ct cr dceecbpot ti nòcù` tljt tl`~` cr j qjt`~rl`d tl`~`/ jmdtlcr kjs v`~ljvr lju` o`d ti tl` iod kjvr ljucma tl` mjk` Hjnpbj~~c`d diqm ti Hjo`ksi-Cm tl` rpkk`~ ie :md A-O-C- Tlcmar r``k`d ri njdcm tl` jptpkm ie :2~d C tiih tl` biioc`r pv ti j lcoo/ Ojcblcma/ jnipttl~`` kco`r mi~tl ie


10/24

>65 @\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/ PVV@^ NP^KJ-ti Tjkkp ti `jt ip~ Bl~crtkjr dcmm`~ qctl tl` ieocb`~r tl`~`9Kjgi~Dsb`/ D-J-J-A- Mi~tl+`jrt E~imtc`~/ Oc`pt`mjmt N`~hò`s/ 44tl ^àc+k`mt A-O-C-/ D~- Sipmjm/ jmd K~- Kctblòo/ j sipma bcuco `macm``~ cmblj~a` ie tl` m`q bj~t+~ijd n`tq``m Kjmcvp~ jmd Tjkkp- A`m`~joAi~dim ljd aim` im ti H`mdjt- Im tl` >md Gjmpj~s/ C `kvois`d ksròe cm tl` k`jmtck` cm vpttcma pvb~iq!r m`rtr cm j bipvo` ie oiets t~``r/ im` jt Jphtjpma/ tl` itl`~ imj oiq ~jma` tl~`` kco`r ti tl` `jrt8 e~ik tl`r` C qjr jno` ti ec| ksvirctcimr jmd di rik` tivia~jvls- Tl`r` rtjtcimr cm tl` t~``r q`~`m`b`rrj~s/ iqcma ti tl` d`jd oùò ie tl` ei~`rt/ mi jkipmt ie bo`j~cmaacucma jms `|t`mrcu` uc`q-Tl` A`m`~jo ~`tp~m`d im tl` 2~d/ jmd C ljd j oima tjoh qctl lckjnipt ip~ qi~h- Mitlcma ljd n``m r`tto`d tl`m jnipt tl` Hjnpzp`rtcim/ jmd l` jmd Bjvtjcm ^jch`r/ D`vpts Bikkcrrcim`~/ Blcmdqcm/q`~` jm|cipr tljt ip~ iv`~jtcimr rlipod mit cmbopd` bo`j~cma rik` v`jhrim tl` Jmaiblcma ~jma`/ ql`~` q` ljd liv`d ti kjh` rtjtcimr/ e~ikqlcbl ti `|t`md ip~ t~cjmapojtcim `jrtqj~d- Tl`s tlipalt tljt tl`rprvcbcimr ie tl` Tljpmadpt Rjqnqj qipod n` j~ipr`d jmd tljt l`qipod kcrtjh` ip~ kj~hr ei~ nipmdj~s vcooj~r- Q` ù`mtpjoos ait jbipvo` ie vicmtr oiq`~ diqm im tl` ~jma` ipt ie Tljpmadpt t`~~cti~s/npt ip~ qi~h qipod lju` n``m j octto` n`tt`~ ljd q` n``m jno` ti bo`j~tl` v`jhr q` ljd ec~rt d`bcd`d im-Jr tl`~` qjr mi ing`btcim ti ks aicma ti tl` v`jh jniu` Hjkvj/ Crtj~t`d im tl` 4tl/ ~`jblcma tl` ucooja` cm tl` jet`~miim- Ct ljd ojtòsn``m ucrct`d ns Blcmr/ qli ljd ptt`~os d`rt~is`d ct8 mitlcma npt j e`qblj~~`d rtcbhr ~`kjcm`d ie qljt ljd n``m ~jtl`~ j ecm` ucooja`- D`jdljoe+np~mt npeejoi`r ojs cm pm`|v`bt`d bi~m`~r/ i~ cm tl` gpmao`/ vicrim+cma tl` jtkirvl`~`/ jmd C qjr aojd ti a`t jqjs m`|t ki~mcma- C jrh`dks cmt`~v~`t`~ liq l` hm`q tljt Blcmr jmd mit djbictr ljd np~mt tlùcooja`- L` ~`voc`d/ . Il* n`bjpr` tl` kimjrt`~s ljr n``m np~mt-Ljd djbictr d`rt~is`d tl` ucooja`/ n`cma aiid Npddlcrtr/ tl`s qipodlju` rvj~`d tl` t`kvo`r 8 npt tl` Blcmr ljucma mi ~òcacipr e`j~r/ rvj~`mitlcma-.Tl` Blcmr j~` m`j~os jooc`d ti tl` Hphcr jmd Oprljcr/ qlik tl`s~`r`kno` rt~imaos cm jvv`j~jmb` jmd ljnctr- Tl`s ocu` cm tl` lcoorni~d`~cma tl` Hjnp Ujoo`s ti tl` riptl ie Kjmcvp~/ jmd ~jcd jr ej~ jrtl` Blcmdqcm ~cu`~/ qlcbl tl`s mù`~ b~irr/ jmd qlcbl ~`b`cu`r ctrmjk` e~ik tl`k- Tl` Blcmr j~` je~jcd ie qjt`~/ cmti qlcbl tl`s mù`~u`mtp~` ti jms d`vtl- Ri je~jcd ie tl`k q`~` tl` ucooja`~r tljt tl`stiod k` mù`~/ cm tl` biod q`jtl`~/ cm tl` jt


11/24

@\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM ^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ- >61bikk`mb`k`mt ie tl` ~jcms r`jrim ~jcdcma b`jr`r- J rkjoo apj~d q~jrvojb`d cm rik` ie tl` ucooja`r ocjno` ti jttjbh8 jmd tl` Blcmr q`~` im imìbbjrcim tjh`m ns rp~v~cr`/ rik` Ap~hljr ljucma j~~cu`d gprt tl` ù`mcmanèi~` tl`s jttjbh`d- Tl`s d~`jd`d Ap~hljr u`~s kpbl/ ljucma jm cd`jtljt tl` Ap~hljr j~` bjmmcnjor qli `jt tl`c~ `m`kc`r- Cm tl` Hjnp/ jròr`ql`~` cm tl`r` ~àcimr/ j l`jus/ qlct`/ q`t eia r`tto`r diqm dp~cmatl` `j~os ki~mcma cm joo tl` ujoo`sr jmd iu`~ joo oiq+oscma a~ipmd/ jmd ctcr ckvirrcno` ti r`` tl~ipal ct ei~ki~` tljm j e`q sj~dr- Ct u`~s iet`mdi`r mit ocet tcoo :6 i~ :: j-k- Tl` Blcmr jttjbh prpjoos cm tl` `j~oski~mcma ql`m tlcr eia cr oscma oiq8 tl`s qjct tcoo tl` k`m lju` aimìpt ti tl` ecòdr/ jmd tl`m pmv`~b`cu`d rocv cmti tl` ucooja`/ np~m ct/ jmdcm tl` ~`rpotcma bimeprcim hcoo/ jmd bj~~s iee r kjms jr tl`s bjm-Q` dcd mit ~`jbl tl` v`jh tljt djs/ npt im tl` 5tl C rpbb``d`d cmecmdcma ct- Tl`~` qjr mit kpbl bo`j~cma ti n` dim`/ jmd ct tp~m`d iptjm `|bòo`mt jmd kirt prèpo vicmt- Ct iu`~oiihr tl` qlio` ie tl` HjnpUjoo`s im im` rcd`/ jmd im tl` itl`~/ H`mdjt jmd j oima rt~`tbl ie tl`Blcmdqcm- Ti tl` q`rt tl` uc`q cr nipmd`d ns tl` lcal Blcm ~jma`r/d`mròs biu`~`d ti tl` u`~s rpkkctr ns ei~`rt gpmao`/ j e`q n~iqmvjtbl`r im im` oima rvp~ ~pmmcma diqm cmti tl` ujoo`s/ rliqcma ql`~`q`~` tl` ec~rt ecòdr ie tl`r` d~`jd`d rjuja`r- Nòiq/ tl` Hjnp ojsrt~`tbl`d jt ip~ e``t/ jori biu`~`d qctl ei~`rt/ cm qlcbl ecm` t`jh t~``ra~iq rcd` ns rcd` qctl j vii~ ~òjtcim bjoo`d .cma/. n`j~cma j rt~imaejkcos ~`r`knojmb` ti tl`c`jh/ npt ptt`~os ujopò`rr- Ct qjr j bp~ciprtlcma tljt jotlipal C qjr 2666 e``t jniu` tl` ujoo`s/ u`~s e`q ie tlùcooja`r i~ ù`m tl` rik`qljt `|t`mrcu` ecòdr q`~` ucrcno`/ ri rlpt cmjmd rqjooiq`d pv q`~` tl`s ns tl` tjoo ei~`rt- Ti tl` mi~tl tl` uc`qcr nipmd`d ns tl` Mjaj Lcoor ~crcma ù`~ lcal`~ jmd lcal`~ tiqj~drRj~jk`tlc/ npt ti tl` `jrt tl` `s` d~ivr rpdd`mos rik` tl C ~`tp~m`d ti Tjkkp/ ljucma dim` joo C bipod cm tl`riptl`~m vi~tcim ie tl` ujoo`s- Jt Tjkkp C jajcm vcbh`d pv K~- Iao`/qli ljd n``m dicma rik` aiid qi~h/ jmd tia`tl`~ q` q`mt ti im` ie tl`vicmtr im tl` Jmaiblcma ~jma`/ jo~`jds joopd`d ti/ ~`tp~mcma ti Tjkkpim tl` :1tl8 im tl` ::rt K~- Iao` oèt ei~ Jphtjpma tirp~u`s tl` bipmt~s n`tq``m tljt vojb` jmd H`mdjt ns j ~ijd bjoo`d tl`Kcmtljkc ~ipt`/ jmd ti di rik` ki~` t~cjmapojtcim-Tl` >>md qjr tii q`t j djs ti kiu`/ npt im tl` >2~d C rtj~t`d qctltl` A`m`~jo tl`


12/24

>6< @\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM ^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ-cm blj~a` ie tl` O`hjsjcm dcrt~cbt/ j u`~s jno` jmd w`joipr sipma ieecb`~/qlir` l`jdzpj~t`~r q`~` jt Vipmanscm/ jmd qctl lck C rtj~t`d ei~ tljtvojb`-Im tl` >5tl q` rtivv`d ei~ tl` mcalt jt j vojb` bjoo`d Hjcj/ ql`~`q` oida`d cm j u`~s mcb` octto` . wcjt/. i~ t~juòo`~!r ~`rt+lipr`/ j e`jtp~`cm joo Np~k`r` ucooja`r- Ct cr a`m`~joos j v~`ttcos bj~u`d jmd u`~s qòobj~v`mt`~`d ~iik/ bimrt~pbt`d `mtc~òs ie qiid/ ~jcr`d j e`q e``t e~ik tlà~ipmd/ jmd iv`mcma cm e~imt cmti j rvjbcipr u`~jmdjl- L`~` blio`~jn~ih` ipt jkima ks biioc`r- K~- Kctblòo ljd ljd blio`~j jkima lcrMjaj biioc`r qlco` jt qi~h im tl` Rq`gj ~ipt`8 q` rtivv`d jt im` ielcr bjkvr ei~ tl` mcalt/ jmd kprt lju` vcbh`d pv tl` dcr`jr` tl`~`-Tl` ec~rt bjr` ibbp~~`d jt < v-k-/ gprt jr q` q`~` aicma ti dcmm`~-K~- Djos r`mt ti tl` v~c`rtr/ qli hcmdos vojb`d jt ip~ dcrvirjo im` ietl`c~ rkjoo lipr`r jdgicmcma tl` kimjrt`~s/ cm qlcbl tl`s h`vt jncrliv!r tl~im` jmd rik` rvj~` d~pkr8 ti tlcr q` ~`kiu`d tl` rcbh kjmti h``v lck jvj~t e~ik lcr eòoiqr8 tl` mjtcu` dibti~ jmd C ~`kjcm`dqctl lck tcoo :>/ jmd gprt jr C qjr aicma ti ro``v/ j kjm oscma ckk`dc9jtòs pmd`~ tljt vi~tcim ie tl` ~jcr`d eoii~ ql`~` ks n`d qjr/ nàjm tia~ijm- A`ttcma pv/ C eipmd l` jori ljd n``m r`cw`d/ jmd C ~`kiu`d lckti tl` wcjt ql`~` tl` itl`~ vii~ eòoiq qjr oscma- Tl` dibti~ jmd Cjajcm dcd qljt q` bipod tcoo > j-k- qctlipt rpbb`rr- Jt 5 j-k- j tlc~dkjm qjr r`cw`d- Tl` ec~rt tqi dc`d cm tl` `j~os ki~mcma/ tl` tlc~docma`~`d tcoo tl` jet`~miim8 j r`vis qjr jori r`cw`d cm tl` ki~mcma jmdq` r`mt lck pv ns nijt qctl tl` rcbh biioc`r jmd tl` dibti~ tiVipmanscm-Tl` ucooja`~r q`~` jajcm u`~s aiid cm jrrcrtcma pr cm np~scma tl`d`jd jmd cm a`ttcma nijtr/ b- Joo tl` j~~jma`k`mtr ei~ tl` d`jd jmdrcbh dòjs `d pr/ jmd jr q` ljd j oima kj~bl ie >2 kco`r/ j aiid d`jo iect tl~ipal roprl jmd kpd/ q` dcd mit a`t cm tcoo ojt`- Tl` m`|t djsq` ljot`d ti o`t tl` mjtcu` dibti~ gicm pr jmd ti ~`rt tl` biioc`r-

Vipmanscm cr j oj~acrl ucooja` im tl` Blcmdqcm/ 16 kco`r jniu`H`mdjt/ jmd im tl` ivvirct` njmh cr j oj~a` kj~rl jmd ojh` ql`~` qcodeiqo ie joo hcmdr oct`~joos rqj~k- Rpnjdj~ L`kj Bljmd/ ie tl`44tl A-O-C-/ rtjtcim`d jt Vipmanscm/ pr`d e~`zp`mtos ti ai ipt ei~ jbipvo` ie lip~r ie jm jet`~miim jmd ~`tp~m qctl j bipvo` ie a``r` jmdrc| i~ rù`m dpbhr ie uj~cipr hcmdr/ mit ti k`mtcim rmcv` jmd rpbl rkjooajk`- L` cr j a~`jt rlit `ctl`~ qctl apm i~ ~ceo`8 jmd/ rik`qljt ~j~èi~ j mjtcu`/ n~cmar diqm nc~dr im tl` qcma jr `jrcos jr ql`m rcttcma-Im tl` >3tl/ K~- Djos jmd C/ qctl j apj~d ie 06 k`m ie tl` 44tlpmd`~ L`kj Bljmd/ rtj~t`d im j t~cv ti tl` Psp ~cu`~8 q` kj~bl`d pvti Likjocm ns ojmd/ ~`tp~mcma ns ~cu`~ cm nijtr/ vjscma j rli~t ucrct titl` Trjqnqj ie Tljpmadpt im ip~ qjs diqm- L` qjr u`~s e~c`mdosjmd rjcd q` kcalt `|voi~` jms vj~t ie lcr dikcmcimr-q` rjq rik` Rkjoo bljmmòr bimdpbt


13/24

@\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ- >63aiod+dprt cr n~ipalt diqm! cm njrh`tr e~ik tl` oiq lcoor m`j~/ jmd tl`l`juc`~ rtim`r j~` rcet`d ipt qctl j njknii rcù`8 tl` ecm`~vi~tcim crtl`m vpt cmti j bc~bpoj~ qiid`m ujmòocma u`rrò jmd lòd iu`~ tl` tjmh8qjt`~ cr tl`m vip~`d iu`~ jmd tl` ujmòocma bj~~c`d im tcoo imos tl` aiod+dprt ~`kjcmr8 tl` ~`rcdppk cr j ecm` nojbh l`jus rjmd bimtjcmcma c~im-Im ip~ ~`tp~m ti Vipmanscm im tl` 1tl/ q` eipmd tljt tl` vojb` ljdn``m jttjbh`d ns Blcmr tqi djsr v~ùcipros jmd vj~t ie tl` ucooja`np~m`d nèi~` tl` aj~~crim/ pmd`~ Bjvtjcm Nico`jp/ rpbb``d`d cm d~cucmatl`k iee- Ks N`~tlim nijt v~iu`d kirt prèpo im tl` Blcmdqcm- Crbpoo`d ksròe m`j~os tl` qlio` ie tl` 16 kco`r n`tq``m Likjocmjmd Vipmanscm/ jmd C qjr jno` ti `|voi~` rkjoo b~``hr im tl` qjs/ jmd/aicma jl`jd/ bipod oiih jnipt ei~ aiid vojm`+tjno` rtjtcimr nèi~` tl`l`juc`~ nijt/ cm qlcbl q`~` ks hljodrcr jmd vojm`+tjno`/ bjk` pv/ jmdtlpr rju`d tck`- C ljd cmt`md`d jet`~ tlcr t~cv ti lju` aim` diqm tiH`mdjt/ npt ~pkip~r ie djbictr n`cma cm tl` m`calnip~liid cmdpb`dK~- Djos ti i~ajmcr` tqi ki~` octto` `|bp~rcimr `jrtqj~d cm tl` liv` iebjtblcma rik` ie tl`k 8 jmd jotlipal q` q`~` dcrjvvicmt`d cm tlcr/ Cqjr `mjno`d ti di j aiid d`jo ie qi~h- C ecmjoos ~`jbl`d H`mdjt im tl`!>1tl E`n~pj~s/ ql`~` C eipmd K~- Iao`/ qli ljd kjd` joo j~~jma`k`mtrei~ bikk`mbcma tl` t~cjmapojtcim ie tl` Blcmdqcm-Im tl` :rt Kj~bl/ K~- Iao` q`mt diqm qctl Njvp Gjdp ti j vicmtq` ljd ec|`d j e`q~kco`r diqm tl` ~cu`~/ jmd vicmt`d ipt tl` lcoor jl`jdqlcbl tl` ndnp qjr ti bo`j~8 jmd im tl` >md/ ljucma ait joo lcr k`mjmd nijtr tia`tl`~ jmd j apj~d ie tl` :


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>:6 @\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ-Ct qjr miq a`ttcma u`~s lit jmd joo tl` lcoo-rcd`r q`~` q~`jtl`d cmeojk`r e~ik pmao` ec~`r/ tl` rkih` e~ik qlcbl ~`md`~`d tl` jtkirvl`~ù`~s d`mr`/ jmd a~`jtos lcmd`~`d ip~ qi~h l`mbèi~tl-Jr C lju` rjcd/ tl` bipmt~s ti tl` `jrt ie tl` Blcmdqcm jniu` jmdjnipt H`mdjt bimrcrtr ie j bimepr`d kjrr ie oiq lcoor/ i~ tjno`+ojmdr/cmt`~r`bt`d ns mpk`~ipr ~jucm`r jmd qjt`~+bip~r`r/ jmd `mboircma eojtbpotcujt`d ujoo`sr- Tl` imos virrcno` qjs ie rp~u`scma tlcr bipmt~s crti t~ju`~r` tl` rkjoo rt~`jkr jmd ucooja` vjtlr- Tl`r` lcoor jmd vojt`jp|ròdik jttjcm j l`calt ie 066 e``t jniu` tl` a`m`~jo oùò ie tl` vojcm/jmd j~` joo ie rpbl j pmcei~k òùjtcim tljt ct cr ie mi pr` ti kjh`bo`j~cmar ei~vojm`+tjno` qi~h- Nòiq Hjo`qj/ jori/ tl` bipmt~s tl~ipalqlcbl tl` Blcmdqcm eoiqr cr ri oiq/ i~ n~ih`m pv cmti rpbl j bimeprcimie oiq lcoor/ tljt octto` i~ mi tivia~jvls bipod n` dim` e~ikjms ie ip~t~caimik`t~cbjo rtjtcimr/ jmd kcoctj~s bimrcd`~jtcimr v~ù`mt`d ip~o`jucma tl` ~cu`~ njmhr ei~ jms dcrtjmb`- Tl` ei~`rt im tl`r` oiq lcoorcr u`~s ocalt jmd iv`m9j e`q rtpmt`d jmd rbjmtcos eiocja`d t~``r/ qctloctto` i~ mi pmd`~a~iqtl-Hjo`qj cr u`~s v~`ttcos rctpjt`d im jm òùjt`d timap` ie ojmd/n`tq``m tl` Kscttlj jmd tl` Blcmdqcm/ jt tl`c~ gpmbtcim/ jmd cr tl`vi~t ei~ tl` Hjo` bipmt~s- Tl` im` rt~``t ie tl` ucooja` ~pmr joimatl` ~cda`/ a~jdpjoos ~crcma ti j bikkjmdcma `kcm`mb` b~iqm`d qctlmpk`~ipr a~jbèpo vjaidjr/ rl~cm`r/ jmd wcdtr- L`~` tl` r`visr ocu`d/jmd C jori ljd j wcjt ti dqioo cm9j mcb` jc~s npcodcma iu`~ljmacmatl` ~cu`~ qlcbl eoiqr ej~ nòiq- Tl` qlio` ie tl` vojtei~k cr ien~cbh/ jmd ei~k`d j v`~e`btos ec~k eipmdjtcim ei~ tl` tlìdioct` cmtjhcma inr`~ujtcimr ei~ ojtctpd`/ jmd l`~` C intjcm`d tl` n`rt ~`rpotr-@jbl vjaidj rvc~` cr b~iqm`d qctl tl` prpjo ltc/ i~ acot pkn~òoj/qctl mcm` rkjoo nòor jttjbl`d ti `jbl8 jt mcalt/ ql`m j a`mto`n~``w` vojsr iu`~ tl` lcoo/ tl` jc~ cr epoo ie rq``t ripmd/ qlcbl~cr`r jmd ejoor qctl n`jptcepo èe`bt- Iet`m C ojs jqjh` jt mcaltocrt`mcma qctl vo`jrp~` ti tl`r` cmmpk`~jno` ejc~s tcmhocmar lcal iu`~9l`jd/ qlcbl kcmao`d qctl ks d~`jkr ql`m jt ojrt C ro`vt- J~ipmdHjo`qj ~cr` lcal v`jhr roivcma ti tl` riptl jmd `jrt/ npt ejoocma cmjn~pvt v~`bcvcb`r ti tl` mi~tl/ jmd jt mcalt q` bipod r`` tl` gpmaoèc~`r b~``vcma och` rmjh`r cm oima pmdpojtcma ocm`r pv tl`r` rt``v roiv`r-C jrh`d Bjvtjcm Njch`r! Np~k`r` r`~ujmt liq tl`r` ec~`r i~cacmjt`d-L` rjcd/ . Jt tlcr tck` ie tl` s`j~ tl` a~ipmd cr biu`~`d qctl d`jdo`ju`r jmd d~s a~jrr/ ~ibhr ~ioo e~ik jniu` im ti itl`~r nòiq jmd rt~ch`rvj~hr qlcbl r`t ocalt ti tl` cmeojkkjno` d~s uà`tjtcim-. Q` q`~`cmbocm`d ti viil+viil tlcr `|vojmjtcim jt ec~rt/ npt ep~tl`~ zp`rtcimcmaie itl`~ `mtc~òs cmd`v`md`mt qctm`rr`r joqjsr òcbct`d tl` rjk` ~`vos-Ql`m q` q`mt pv ti H`mdjt C ljd oèt cmrt~pbtcimr qctl ksbljv~drrc/ Gljmp/ ti ai pv ti j bimrvcbpipr vicmt jnipt tl~`` kco`r e~ikHjo`qj jmd >466 e``t jniu` ct/ jmd j kj~h8 im ks ~`tp~m C


15/24

@\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ- >::cmt`mtcim ie a`ttcma pv/ npt tl` djs qjr lit jmd tl` bockn qjr j rtceeim`/ jmd tl` apcd` tiih tl`k ns jm pmm`b`rrj~cos ~ipmdjnipt ~ipt`/v~injnos e~ikmit bo`j~os pmd`~rtjmdcma ql`~` l` qjr qjmt`d ti ai-Tl` r`visr q`~` dcraprt`d jt ljucma ti bockn lcoor/ n`cma v~cmbc9vjoos oima Vjmdcr ie tl` :


16/24

>:> @\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ-ipt ie tl` qjt`~/ qctl j nojbh ~`ò jttjbl`d m`j~ tl` tiv ie `jbl vio`-Im cmzpc~s l` o`j~mr tljt tl`r` j~` ecrlcma rtjtcimr/ tl` k`tlid iebjtblcmaecrl n`cma jr eiooiqr 79J rkjoo njrh`t jnipt rc| cmbl`r d``v cr rprv`md`de~ik tl` tiv ie tl` vio` ns j vc`b` ie bjm`8 ti tl` n~ck ie tl` njrh`t crec|`d j P+rljv`d rtcbh/ tl` `mdr ie qlcbl j~` rvoct- Tl` njknii vio`vjrr`r tl~ipal tl` oiiv ie tl` P jmd tl` njrh`t cr tlpr lòd ti tl`njknii/ npt jooiq`d kiu`k`mt qctl tl` bp~~`mt ie tl` rt~`jk 8 j ~`òqctl j ocm` `mdcma cm tqi rt~imabi~dr/ bj~~scma j liih `jbl/ cr ec|`dti tl` vio` jniu` qjt`~/ jmd tl`rvoct `mdr ie tl` P ~`b`cu` tl`bi~dr jmd liihr- Tl`r` ljma gprtnòiq jmd cm e~imt ie tl` njrh`t/qlcbl cr q`calt`d qctl rtim`r jmdbimtjcmr vjbh`tr ie vipmd`d ~cb` cmo`ju`r/ jmd ljmar m`j~ tl` nittikietl` ~cu`~- Tl` jbtcim ie tl` bp~9

~`mt h``vr tl` njrh`t cm kitcim/rljhcma ipt tl` viqd`~`d ~cb`/qlcbl tl` ecrl bik` ti `jt/ jmdmit r``cma tl` pmnjct`d liihr cmtl` crrpcma boipd/ a`t bjpalt-Tl`c~ tpar vpoo tl` liihr jqjse~ik tl` rvoct rtcbhr liodcma tl`k/jmd tl`c~ rt~paao`r j~` cmdcbjt`dns tl` `bb`mt~cb kiu`k`mtr ie tl`vi~tcim ie tl` njknii liodcma tl`~`ò jniu` tl` rp~ejb`/ ti j nijt+kjm qjctcma m`j~-Jnipt tl~`` kco`r jniu` Hj+o`qj cr j oj~a` iptb~iv ie bijo/ jr`jk ie jnipt :6 e``t tlcbh/ ieqlcbl j aiid d`jo ljd n``m tjh`mipt ei~ tl` rt`jk`~r voscma im tl`Blcmdqcm- Tl` njmh ljd n``mpmd`~kcm`d/ jmd ep~tl`~ `|bjuj+crl+t~jv-tcimr q`~` djma`~ipr jmd ljd n``m rtivv`d ei~ tl` tck` ql`m q`

vjrr`d pv- C kjd` j bj~èpo rp~u`s ie tl` ~cu`~ jr q` q`mt joima-Q` ~`jbl`d Cmdcm im tl` jet`~miim ie tl` :1tl/ jmd ojmd`d jt j vicmtjnipt tl~`` kco`r iee/ql`mb` j vjtl ti Cmdcm bpt iee a~`jt n`md ie tl`~cu`~8 jmd l`~` tl` Trjqnqj k`t pr cm a~`jt rtjt` qctl j v~ib`rrcim ieac~or bj~~scma ujr`r ie eoiq`~r im tl`c~ l`jdr/ kprcbcjmr/ djmbcma ac~or/kjtbloibh k`m/ jmd rv`j~k`m/ jmd v`~rimjo jtt`mdjmtr n`j~cma j aiodpkn~òoj iu`~ lck- L` kipmt`d pr im tqi ò`vljmtr qctl epmms octto`


17/24

@\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM ^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ- >:2rtjt` ti Cmdcm/ ql`~` q` q`~` cmrtjoo`d cm j u`~s ecm` jmd bikkidciprv~c`rer lipr` ,Viimasc Hsipma#-Tl` m`|t e`q djsr q`~` rv`mt ns Bjvtjcm Njch`r cm n~cmacma lcrkàitcjtcimr qctl tl` Trjqnqj ti j rjtcrejbti~s bimboprcim- Jt ec~rtm`~uipr jmd rprvcbcipr/ tl` ojtt`~ riim jbzpc~`d bimecd`mb` cm ip~ aiidejctl/ jmd n`bjk` zpct` e~c`mdos- Im` djs C ucrct`d j bp~cipr ock`rtim`lcoo jnipt rù`m kco`r iee jmd ait j aiid uc`q ie tl` ujoo`s8 jmde~ik tlcr jmd itl`~ vicmtr j~ipmd Cmdcm C kjmja`d ti r`bp~` j aiidd`jo ie tivia~jvls/ tlipal gpmao` ec~`r jmd tlcbh ljw` v~ù`mt`d ksdicma jr kpbl jr C rlipod lju` och`d jmd bipod itl`~qcr` lju` dim`-Qlco` jt Cmdcm/ ks tck` qjr rv`mt jet`~ dcmm`~ cm tjhcma rtj~r ei~ojtctpd`/ jmd Bjvtjcm Njch`r hcmdos jrrcrt`d k` a~`jtos nitl tl`m jmdim itl`~ ibbjrcimr ns ~`bi~dcma ei~ k`- Q` q`~` ei~tpmjt` cm k``tcmarik` cmeop`mtcjo Blcm blcèr qlco` q` q`~` tl`~`/ jmd tl`s ljd j oimacmt`~uc`q qctl Bjvtjcm Njch`r/ cm qlcbl tl`s ja~``d ti pr` tl`c~cmeop`mb` cm vpttcma diqm ~jcdcma im tl` Trjqnqj!r t`~~cti~s- ,Tl`Blcmr ~jcd`d cm Jv~co ojrt jmd bj~~c`d ieetlcr Trjqnqj e~ik Cmdcm/qctl itl`~ bjvtcu`r-# Q` oèt Cmdcm im tl` >>md/ qòo vo`jr`d qctl ip~ucrct/ jmd ~`jbl`d Hjo`qj im tl` >2~d- Im tl` >1tl q` rt`jk`d diqmti Kcmacm/ jmd im tl` qjs q` rjq K~- Iao`!r bjkv/ jmd jmbli~`d- L`bjk` im nij~d ei~ jm lip~ jmd ~`vi~t`d v~ia~`rr- C qjr u`~s ri~~s tiecmd l` ljd n``m rpee`~cmae~ikj njd jttjbh ie eù`~ ei~ j e`q djsr/ nptqjr ~`biu`~cma/ jmd ljd ait im qòo qctl tl` qi~h- Im tl` >


18/24

>:4 @\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM ^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ-r`` tl` rpn+rp~u`si~!r imqj~d kj~hr8 q` rjq im`/ npt bipod mit kjhìpt jms bo`j~cmar im tl` lcal`rt ~jma`- K~- Iao` tl`~èi~` rtj~t`d imtl` :6tl ti vpt tlcmar ~calt- L` ~`tp~m`d im tl` :4tl/ jmd im tl`:0tl jmd :-5tlq` inr`~u`d jt rtjtcimr m`j~ Kcmacm- Im tl` :4tl Jv~coq` ~`b`cu`d tl` ec~rt o`tt`~r q` ljd ljd rcmb` 0tl Kj~bl/ iqcma ti bim+eprcim ~`rpotcma e~ik ip~ virtjo ocm` n`cma bljma`d e~ik ucj Kjmcvp~ti ucj Kjmdjojs-Im tl` :1tl m`qr bjk` tljt j m`q rt`jk`~ aicma diqm tl` ~cu`~n`tq``m Kcmacm jmd Joim ljd ~pm ja~ipmd/ jmd ct qjr dipntepoql`tl`~ ip~ ojpmbl kcalt mit n` qjmt`d ti jrrcrt tl` rt`jk`~- Ip~d`vj~tp~` qjr tl`~èi~` dòjs`d j octto`/ npt q` q`~` jno` ti rtj~t im tl`::rt/ ql`~` q` ljot`d ei~ im` djs ti n~cma pv j~~`j~r ie bi~~`rvimd`mb`/jmd tl`m ~`tp~m`d pv tl` ~cu`~ inr`~ucma- Joo ip~ qi~h jniu` Jodmqjr ecmcrl`d ns tl` `md ie Jv~co/ imos j e`q vicmtr ~`kjcm`d riptl jmd`jrt qlcbl tl` rpn+rp~u`si~ bo`j~`d- Jt Joim q` ocu`d im nij~d jrt`jk`~/ jr jbbikkidjtcim qjr ockct`d cm tl` rkjoo njknii+qjoo`d lptqlcbl dcd dpts ei~ zpj~t`~r jmd k`rr+lipr` ei~ tl` ieecb`~rie tlàj~~crim- Ct ljd n``m u`~s lit ei~ rik` tck` vjrt/ tl` tl`~kik`t`~aicma pv ti :649+:659 cm tl` rljd` e~`zp`mtos dp~cma tl` djs- Tl`jmbli~ja` qjr mit jr rjopn~cipr jr ct kcalt lju` n``m/ jmd tl` ~`rpotqjr tljt C ait j tipbl ie eù`~ cm tl` ec~rtq``h cm Kjs-C qjr u`~s jm|cipr ti ucrct O`vjdjpma L-R- ti vcbh pv rik` vicmtrC ljd v~ùcipros inr`~u`d ti/ jmd C q`mt diqm im` ki~mcma ql`m Cipalt ti lju` rtjs`d cm n`d8 q` ljd j oima qjoh jb~irr j nj~~`m rtimsvojcm/ jmd pv j ~jucm` ql`~` tl` n~`jtlo`rr jtkirvl`~` qjr och` jep~mjb`/ ecmcrlcma pv ns j u`~s rt``v bockn ie 166 e``t- Qctl K~- Iao`!rjrrcrtjmb`/ C ecmcrl`d tl` inr`~ujtcimr jmd ait njbh ti tl` rt`jk ojpmbl/npt C ljd ti ai ti n`d im ks ~`tp~m ti Joim/ jmd qjr im ks njbh tcootl` >4tl/ c- `- m`j~os tl~`` q``hr- C qjr kiu`d pv im tl` :0tl ti tlìeecb`~r!nj~~jbhr/ Bjvtjcm Rja` u`~s hcmdos acucma pv lcr octto` ~iik tik`/ jmd joo tl` ieecb`~r/e~ik Bioimò Tih`~ diqmqj~dr/ dcd qljt tn`sbipod ei~ k`- Tl` ~`rip~b`r ie tl` vojb` q`~` ockct`d/ tl`~` qjr mi cb`/mi ridj qjt`~/ mi bljkvjam`/ tl` bikkcrrj~cjt n~`jd qjr jokirtpm`jtjno`/ jmd C ocu`d im t`j jmd cmdcee`~`mt ripv ei~ tl~`` q``hr-Dp~cma tlcr tck` K~- Iao` qjr u`~s nprs ucrctcma Bljphhjl tqcb`/ljucma n``m dcrjvvicmt`d ns tl` q`jtl`~ ie r``cma joo l` qjmt`d im lcrec~rtucrct- Rik` l`jus rti~kr ljucma bo`j~`d tl` jtkirvl`~` l` qjrki~` rpbb`rrepo im tl` r`bimd t~cv- Jt ojrt im tl` >4tl Kjs/ j rt`jk`~bjk` jmd tiih pr joo ti Kcmasjm/ ql`~` Bjvtjcm Lindjs k`t k`-K~- Iao` jmd C oèt ei~Kjmdjojs im tl` >5tl cm tl` kjco rt`jk`~/ jmdtl`~`/ tljmhr ti tl` hcmd bj~` ie A`m`~jo Rc~ A- Qlct` jmd BjvtjcmLindjs/ C ~jvcdos ~`biu`~`d rt~`matl/ jmd jet`~ j ei~tmcalt!r rtjs q`v~ib``d`d diqm ti Hjmaiim- Q` oèt @jmaiim im tl` >>md Gpm` jmd


19/24

@\VOI^JTCIMRIM TL@ BLCMDQCM ^CU@^/PVV@^ NP^KJ-9DCRBPRRCIM- >:0Tl` ~`rpotr ie ip~ qi~h j~` jr eiooiqr79jm j~`j ie >4 rzpj~` kco`r8 jmd jm jbbp~jt` kjv intjcm`d ie tl` Blcmdqcm~cu`~ n`tq``m tl` Psp ~cu`~ jmd Kimspj nòiq Joim-Jet`~ l` vjv`~/Bjvtjcm @- Q- Dpm ,D`vpts Zpj~t`~kjrt`~+A`m`~jo/mdcjm Cmtòoca`mb`D`vj~tk`mt# rpnkctt`dtl` eiooiqcmamit`r im tl` vjv`~/qlcbl q`~` ~`jd titl` k``tcma- L` rjcd tljt tlipall` ljd t~juòo`d cm tl` bipmt~s d`rb~cn`dns Bioimò Qiidtli~v`/ i~tl ie Kjmcvp~ jmd jrt ie Rjkjaptcma/l` bipod jdd

octto` ti tl` cmei~kjtcim cu`m ns ri `|v`~c`mb`djmd inr`~ujmt j t~juòo`~-L` qipodu`mtp~`ti kjh` j e`q~`kj~hr/tl` ~`rpot ie inr`~ujtcimrkjd` qlco`l` qjr `kvois`d m blj~aìe tl` Cmtòoca`mb`N~jmbl cm Np~kj/ im j rpng`btqlcbltl`m ei~b`d tròeim lcr jtt`mtcim md kcaltkjh` jm jvv~iv~cjt` vv`mdc|ti Bioimò Qiidtli~v`!r vjv`~- Tl` rpng`bt cr/ tl` rsrt`kjtcbbioo`btcim ieaìa~jvlcbjo mei~kjtcim nipt jr s`t pmucrct`dbipmt~c`r- Tl` rpng`bt ljr ljdjm jtt~jbtcim i~kjms dcrtcmapcrl`dk`m/ jmd l` kcalc v`~ljvrn` v`~kctt`d icmrtjmb` Bioimò Spo` jr tl` a~`jt`rtbikvco`~ie cmei~kjtcim e tlcr blj~jbt`~-Ql`m l` `mt`~`dNp~kj/cm Miu`kn`~:


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Explorations on the Chindwin River, The Upper Burma, 1888

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Transcript of Explorations on the Chindwin River, The Upper Burma, 1888