Exploration and Exploration and ExpansionExpansion

Exploration and Exploration and ExpansionExpansion

1400 – 1700 1400 – 1700 1400 – 1700 1400 – 1700

•1. Voyages of Discovery•2. Conquest and Colonies•3. New Patterns of Trade•4. The Atlantic Slave Trade

•What drove explorers from the rest of Europe?

1. Voyages of 1. Voyages of DiscoveryDiscovery• Briefly describe the distortions of the map.

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Drive for European Drive for European ExplorationExploration

How did these factors How did these factors contribute towards contribute towards

exploration?exploration?

Drive for European Drive for European ExplorationExploration

How did these factors How did these factors contribute towards contribute towards

exploration?exploration?1. Crusades

2. Renaissance

3. Reformation

4. Nation –States

5. Technological Advances

6. Fame and Fortune

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New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologiesNew Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies

►Hartman Astrolabe(1532) –

►Better Maps [Portulan] –

►Sextant –

►Mariner’s Compass –

•The Rediscovery of the New World (Vikings in AD 1000) in the 15th century would not have happened without key advancements in technology.

Match the term with the picture! Please provide a description of each one.

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New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology

New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology

►Caravel –

►How did the caravel lead to advancements in exploration?

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►Invention of gun powder

2. Conquest and 2. Conquest and ColoniesColonies• What two countries are located on the Iberian

Peninsula?• Two countries that kicked off the age of exploration

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Portugal was the first country to launch large-scale voyages of exploration

Who is this and what did he do?

The PortugueseThe Portuguese1200 - 18001200 - 1800

Discoveries of Islands Discoveries of Islands in the Atlanticin the Atlantic

• The Canary Islands– These islands are located immediately off the coast of Africa.– Portugal signed an agreement with Spain, known as the Treaty of Alcacovas, in

1479.• The Azores Islands

– These islands are located approximately 1200 miles from the Iberian Peninsula.– These nation-states are one-third of the way to the New World.

– What was the significance of the Treaty of Alcacovas?

– Why were the islands called the Canary Islands?

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Portuguese Maritime Portuguese Maritime Empire in AfricaEmpire in Africa

Portuguese Maritime Portuguese Maritime Empire in AfricaEmpire in Africa

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Bartholomew DiazVasco da Gama

Pedro Cabral

Place the correct person next to the picture and identify their explorations

1. Vasco da Gama

1. Bartholomew Diaz

Place the picture and the person where they explored.

The SpanishThe SpanishBriefly describe the characters in the picture. Who are they? What is going on?

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Christofo Colon Christofo Colon [1451-1506][1451-1506]

Christofo Colon Christofo Colon [1451-1506][1451-1506]

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The Admiral of The The Admiral of The AtlanticAtlantic

The Admiral of The The Admiral of The AtlanticAtlantic•For each journey, identify where Columbus explored (use the

map and text on the next page to help)

•First Voyage –

•Second Voyage

•Third Voyage

•Fourth Voyage

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’’Four Voyages on MapFour Voyages on Map1200 - 18001200 - 1800

Americus VespucciAmericus Vespucci• Why is America named in this man’s honor?

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Vasco Nunez de BalboaVasco Nunez de Balboa• What did Balboa discover?

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Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand MagellanFerdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan• For what was Ferdinand

Magellan famous?

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Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration

Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration

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The EnglishThe English• John and Sebastian Cabot (1497-1501)• Sir Francis Drake –

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The DutchThe Dutch• By the early years of the 1600’s, the

Netherlands, once a Spanish possession, had become a powerful trading nation

• Henry Hudson –

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Atlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic Explorations1200 - 18001200 - 1800

Conquest and Conquest and ColoniesColonies

• What two European countries dominated South America?

• What two or three European countries dominated North America?

• Thus began the first wave of immigration to America• What is the second? The third?? The fourth??? When?

OfficialEuropeanColony!

Explorers

Conquistadores

Mission

arie

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PermanentSettlers

• Place the information in the correct order!

Spain Builds an Spain Builds an EmpireEmpire

• What was the Encomienda system –

• How did it affect the Natives?

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•Fernando Cortez –

Spanish Conquests: The Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs - MexicoAztecs - Mexico

Spanish Conquests: The Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs - MexicoAztecs - Mexico

•Montezuma II – –

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The Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma IIThe Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma II•Cortez advantages –

•On November 8, 1519, battle erupted and Montezuma was killed;

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Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortezCortez

Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortezCortez

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•Francisco Pizarro

Spanish Conquest: The Spanish Conquest: The Incas -PeruIncas -Peru

Spanish Conquest: The Spanish Conquest: The Incas -PeruIncas -Peru

•Atahualpa

vsvs..

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Administration of the Administration of the Spanish Empire in the Spanish Empire in the

New WorldNew World

Administration of the Administration of the Spanish Empire in the Spanish Empire in the

New WorldNew World► Result – disease and mistreatment led to 90% fatality rate – 50

million to 4 million

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Father Bartolome de Father Bartolome de Las CasasLas Casas

Father Bartolome de Father Bartolome de Las CasasLas Casas

New Laws New Laws 1542 1542

•Who was he and what did he want to do?

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The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation

The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation

•What was the line of demarcation?

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Treaty of Tordesillas,Treaty of Tordesillas,

•What were the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

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French ColonizationFrench Colonization• Where some areas that the French explored?

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Dutch ExplorationDutch Exploration• Where did the Dutch explore?

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English ColonizationEnglish Colonization• How did the Elizabethan Seas

Dogs help establish Great Britain as the dominant power in the world?

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The Founding of The Founding of VirginiaVirginia• Jamestown-1607

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Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith• Who is he?

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The Virginia ColonyThe Virginia Colony•What was the chief crop of the Virginia colony? Who are the two in the image?

The Failure of The Failure of JamestownJamestown• The settlement was doomed to fail from the

beginning.

• 1.• 2.• 3.• 4.• 5.• 6.

The French and Indian The French and Indian War in North AmericaWar in North America

• Who won the French and Indian War?

• Why was it significant?

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George Washington

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas

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3. New Patterns of 3. New Patterns of TradeTrade

• What were some of the major crops that the United States traded with the rest of the world?

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New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals

•Briefly explain the Triangular Trade?

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The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”

The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet

Potatoes

Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Keanwa!

Cocoa Pineapple

Cassava POTATO

Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE

Syphilis

Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice

Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley

Grape Peach SUGAR CANE

Oats

Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE

Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox

Flu Typhus Measles Malaria

Diptheria Whooping Cough

Trinkets

Liquor

GUNS

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The Introduction to The Introduction to New DiseasesNew Diseases

• European diseases spread to the Americas – small pox, measles, influenza, and malaria

• Mexico – decreased by 30% in the first ten years of contact with Europeans

• Inca empire decreased from about 13 million to 2 million people from 1492 to 1600

• North America – 2 million to 500,000 from 1492 to 1600

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MercantilismMercantilism• What was Mercantilism?

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Balance of TradeBalance of Trade• What is a tariff?

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The Rise of The Rise of CapitalismCapitalism

• What is capitalism?

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4. Trans-Atlantic 4. Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeSlave Trade

4. Trans-Atlantic 4. Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeSlave Trade

•Where did most slaves go to?

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Origins of the Slave Origins of the Slave TradeTrade

Origins of the Slave Origins of the Slave TradeTrade1. Existed in Africa before the coming of the

Europeans.

2. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans slaves.

Sugar cane & sugar plantations in the Americas were in need of labor

First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518.

275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries.

3. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

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The Middle PassageThe Middle PassageThe Middle PassageThe Middle Passage1200 - 18001200 - 1800

““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck

““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck

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African Captives African Captives Thrown OverboardThrown OverboardAfrican Captives African Captives

Thrown OverboardThrown Overboard

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Slaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar MillSlaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar Mill

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Effects of the Slave Effects of the Slave TradeTrade

• African Diaspora –

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