• Explain the use of crude oil as a source of hydrocarbons, as well as their uses.

• Explain that the hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated using fractional distillation.

• Explain, in terms of van der Waals’ forces, the variations in the boiling points of different alkanes.

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Oil prices hit a record high in July 2006

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Fractionating column

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Effect of increasing chain length on the boiling points of alkanes

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 14

Effect of branching on the boiling points of alkanes

• Describe the combustion of alkanes.

• Explain the incomplete combustion of alkanes.

• Describe catalytic cracking to obtain more useful alkanes and alkenes from long-chain hydrocarbons.

• Describe further processing to form branched alkanes and cyclic hydrocarbons.

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Possible cracking reaction of dodecane, C12H26

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Isomerisation reaction for pentane

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Reforming process for pentane into cyclopentane

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Reforming process for pentane into cyclopentane

• Contrast the value of fossil fuels with an over-reliance on non-renewable fossil fuel reserves.

• Examine the importance of developing renewable plant-based fuels, such as alcohols and biodiesel.

• Contrast the value of fossil fuels with increased CO2 levels, leading to global warming and climate change.

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

Uses of crude oil

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original

• Describe the substitution of alkanes in the presence of ultraviolet radiation.

• Describe how homolytic fission leads to the mechanism of radical substitution in alkanes.

• Explain the limitations of radical substitution in synthesis.

Week 14

© Pearson Education Ltd 2008This document may have been altered from the original