EXPLAIN THAT MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISMS HAVE A VARIETY OF

SPECIALIZED CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS, AND ORGANS SYSTEMS THAT PERFORM

SPECIALIZED FUNCTIONS.

Unit 5 Notes for GLI#5

Learning Target #1: I can describe cell theory.

I. Three concepts of cell theory.A. Every living thing is made of one or more cells.B. Cells carry out the functions needed to support life.C. Cells come only from other living cells.

Learning Target #1: I can describe cell theory.

II. All living things are made of cells.A. The cell is the smallest unit of a living things.

1. Unicellular-organisms that are made of a single cell.

a. cannot see without a microscope.

b. single-celled organisms perform all the activities that characterize life.

Learning Target #1: I can describe cell theory.

2. Multicellular- organisms that are made of many cells.a. most you can see without any type of aide.b. different parts of multicellular organisms perform different functionsc. different types of cells work together to help the organism to meet its need.

Ex. Muscles cells help an organism move.

Learning Target #1: I can describe cell theory.

III. Cells carry out the functions needed to support life.A. Functions of life (aka the characteristics of life)

1. Organization- organized in a way that enables it to meet its needs.

a. All cells have parts to it that have a specific function.

2. The ability to grow and develop3. The ability to respond to the

environment4. The ability to reproduce

Learning Target #1: I can describe cell theory.

IV. Cells come from other cells.A. Cells Divide to make more cellsB. One cell divides into two cells

Questions 1-3 and 5 on page 15

Name four characteristics of living things. All living things have some sort of organization, grow and

develop, respond to environment, and reproduce.How did the microscope change human

understanding of life? It allowed people to see cells. Before the microscope

humans did not realize that life could be so small.Explain the three concepts that make up the cell

theory. The three concepts that make up the cell theory included

every living thing is make of one or more cells; cells carry out the functions needed to support life; cells come only form other living cells.

Question #5

Unicellular MulticellularOne cell

Cannot be seen directly

Many cellsComplexEasier to see

Need energyMaterialsSpace to liveCarry out life functions

Learning Target #2: I can describe how organisms are classified by cell types.

I. Organisms can be classified by their cell typeA. Most organisms on Earth are single cell.B. Domain- a broad category of living things that is based on characteristics of their cells.

1. Three domainsa. Archaea- single cell organisms that look

like bacteria but are different genetically

1. Prokaryotes- contains no organelles, genetic material mixed into cytoplasm

Learning Target #2: I can describe how organisms are classified by cell types.

b. Bacteria- single cell organisms. 1. Prokaryotes- contains no organelles, genetic material mixed into cytoplasmc. Eukaryotes-1. Organisms that have cell structures called organelles2. Genetic material in chromosomes found in nucleus of cell.

Learning Target #3: I can explain specialization of cells

I. Cells in multicellular organisms are specialized.A. Most multicellular organisms have many different types of cells

1. ex: blood cells, nerve cells, and muscle cells.

Learning Target #3: I can explain specialization of cells

B. Cells have specialization 1. specific cells perform specific

functionsa. blood cells carry oxygen and

fight infectionb. muscles cells move an organismc. In plants, certain cells do

photosynthesis, others draw water from soil, while others support the weight of the plant.

Learning Target #4: I can explain how cells, tissues, and organs are organized

into systems.

I. A multicellular organism is a community of cells.A. Tissue- a group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job.B. Organ- different tissues working together to perform a specific function.

a. the eye is composed of different tissues that work together to allow sight.

b. a leaf is composed of different tissues that provides a plant with energy and materials.

Learning Target #4: I can explain how cells, tissues, and organs are organized

into systems.C. Organ system- different organs working together.

a. the digestive system is an organ system. The mouth, stomach, liver, intestines, etc. all work together to get energy from food.

Learning Target #4: I can explain how cells, tissues, and organs are organized

into systems.

D. Organism- highest level of organization.a. see all the characteristics of life.

1. organization2. the ability to develop and grow3. the ability to respond to the

environment4. the ability to reproduce. 

E. OrganizationCells Tissues Organ

Organ System Organism

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

I. Organ SystemsA. Respiratory System

1. Function- to provide gas exchange between the blood and the environment.  Primarily, oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere into the body and carbon dioxide is removed from the body.

2. Major Organs-Nose, trachea and lungs

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

B. Skeleton System1. Function-to provide support for the

body, to protect delicate internal organs and to provide attachment sites for the organs

2. Major Organs-Bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

C. Nervous System1. Function-to relay electrical signals

through the body.  The nervous system directs behavior and movement and, along with the endocrine system, controls physiological processes such as digestion, circulation, etc. 

2. Major Organs-Brain, spinal cord and nerves

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

D. Endocrine System1. Function-to relay chemical messages

through the body.  In conjunction with the nervous system, these chemical messages help control physiological processes such as nutrient absorption, growth, etc.

2. Major Organs-hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas and adrenal glands

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

E. Muscular System1. Function-is to provide movement. 

Muscles work in pairs to move limbs and provide the organism with mobility.  Muscles also control the movement of materials through some organs, such as the stomach and intestine, and the heart and circulatory system.

2. Major Organs-Skeletal muscles and smooth muscles throughout the body.

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

F. Digestive System1. Function-to breakdown and absorb

nutrients that are necessary for growth and maintenance

2. Major Organs-Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

G. Reproductive System1. Function-to manufacture cells that

allow reproduction2. Major Organs-ovaries and testes

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.

H. Immune System1. Function- to destroy and remove

invading microbes and viruses from the body

2. Major Organs-Lymph, lymph nodes and vessels, white blood cells

Learning Target #5: I can demonstrate the basic functions of organ systems.