Experimental measurements and analysis of the indoor...

CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS

Experimental measurements and analysis

of the indoor conditions in Italian museum

storerooms: a study case

SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013

VIENNA, AUSTRIA

F. Cappelletti, P. Romagnoni and A. Birra

University Iuav of Venezia, Italy

storerooms: a study case

CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013

VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Aims and methods

• Analysis of the compatibility of indoor conditions of the storeroom of the

museum of Oriental Art with the conservation of artworks stored according

to Italian Technical Standard UNI10829:1999

• 3 years monitoring of air temperature and air humidity• 3 years monitoring of air temperature and air humidity

• Elaboration of logged data and evaluation of the quality of the conservation

conditions

• Dynamic simulation and potential improvements

2F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy


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The location

The museum storeroomAbout 400 m2 of floor and 2000 m3 of volume


Ca’ Pesaro palace


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The Museum of Oriental Art: peculiarities

• Variability of the materials of stored objects: metals, tissues,

wood, paper, laquers, parchments

• No heating nor cooling system

• High humidity in outdoor climate both in winter and in summer



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Temperature

Relative humidity

Range

-10°C - 60°C 0 - 95%

(-20°C - 85°C)

Accuracy ± 0.3 °C (0°C - 70°C)

± 3%

Response time

10 s 10 s

The monitoring

• Data Loggers

Museo d'Arte Orientale - Ca' Pesaro Venezia 5

P2

P4

P3

P5

P6


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Parameters for the evaluation of the suitability of the

microclimate for conservation

Monthly statistical distribution of air temperature and RH hourly values

Daily gradient of air temperature and RH

stan

dard

Hourly and 2 hourly gradients of air temperature and RH

Frequency distribution of air parameters inside the suitable ranges for

different materials

Deviation Index (DI)


Ital

ian

tech

nica

lsta

ndar

d

UNI 1

0829

:199

9


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25

30

35C

]

Tissues

Lacquers

Wood

19-24°C

Indoor microclimate analysis: AIR TEMPERATURE

Air temperature P3

0

5

10

15

20

Jan-

03F

eb-0

3M

ar-0

3A

pr-0

3M

ay-0

3Ju

n-03

Jul-0

3A

ug-0

3S

ep-0

3O

ct-0

3N

ov-0

3D

ec-0

3Ja

n-04

Feb

-04

Mar

-04

Apr

-04

May

-04

Jun-

04Ju

l-04

Aug

-04

Sep

-04

Oct

-04

Nov

-04

Dec

-04

Jan-

05F

eb-0

5M

ar-0

5M

ay-0

5M

ay-0

5Ju

n-05

Jul-0

5A

ug-0

5S

ep-0

5O

ct-0

5N

ov-0

5D

ec-0

5

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

Time [months]

19-24°C


Parchments 13-18°C

Paper 18-22°C

Metals no limits


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556065707580

Rel

ativ

e H

umid

ity [%

]

Indoor microclimate: AIR HUMIDITY

Air Humidity P3

Lacquers

Parchments

50-60%

05

10152025303540455055

Jan-

03F

eb-0

3M

ar-0

3A

pr-0

3M

ay-0

3Ju

n-03

Jul-0

3A

ug-0

3S

ep-0

3O

ct-0

3N

ov-0

3D

ec-0

3Ja

n-04

Feb

-04

Mar

-04

Apr

-04

May

-04

Jun-

04Ju

l-04

Aug

-04

Sep

-04

Oct

-04

Nov

-04

Dec

-04

Jan-

05F

eb-0

5M

ar-0

5M

ay-0

5M

ay-0

5Ju

n-05

Jul-0

5A

ug-0

5S

ep-0

5O

ct-0

5N

ov-0

5D

ec-0

5

Rel

ativ

e H

umid

ity [%

]

Time [months]


50-60%

Tissues 30-50%

Paper 40-55 %

Metals <50%

Wood 45-60 %


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Daily gradients P3

0

1

2

3

4

5

Gra

die

nt

of

Tem

pe

ratu

re [°C

]

∆tmax

[°C]

Parchments -

Paper 1.5

Drawings 1.5

Tissues 1.5

Lacquers 1.5

Wood 1.5


0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Gra

die

nt

of

Hu

mid

ity

[%]

Metals -

∆RHmax

[%]

Parchments 6

Paper 6

Drawings 2

Tissues 5

Lacquers 4

Wood 4

Metals -


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Dynamic simulation with TRNSYS 17

Thermal zones: storeroom

offices

museum

Envelope thermal transmittance: 1.03 W/(m2 K) for walls

1.3 W/(m2 K) for roof and floor

5.7 and 3.26 W/(m2 K) for glazing and frame5.7 and 3.26 W/(m2 K) for glazing and frame

Floor Boundary Temperature: temperature profile

Infiltration rate: 0.3 ACH

Occupation time and internal gains: not included

Climatic data file: real data for 2003



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Comparison between real data and simulation output

July 2003

30

32

34

°C]


20

22

24

26

28

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Tem

pera

ure

[°

Time [days]Measured Data Simulation External Temperature


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Comparison between real data and simulation output

July 2003

70

80

90

100

Hum

idity

[%]


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Rel

ativ

e H

umid

ity

Time [days]Measured Data Simulation External RH


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Comparison of the temperature monthly gradient

10

15

20

25

30

35

Tmax

T*max

°CM

axim

um te

mpe

ratu

re


0

5

T*max

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Tmin

T*min

* Simulated values

Max

imum

tem

pera

ture

Min

imum

tem

pera

ture


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Microclimate improving measures

Intervention #1:

• roof insulation with 14 cm of rockwool

• substitution of windows

• reduction of the infiltration rate from 0.3 to 0.1 h-1

Intervention #2: Intervention #2:

• as intervention #1

• control of the air temperature and humidity with a system: 18-26°C (16-

28 °C) ; 55%

Intervention #3:

• as intervention #2

• use of summer ventilation (0.5 ACH from April to September) when the

outside temperature is between 24 and 26°C



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Evaluation of intervention efficacy

Temperature - July 2003

500

600

700

800

Tim

e [h

]


0

100

200

300

400

500

<24 24-25 25-26 26-27 27-28 28-29 29-30 30-31 >31

Tim

e [h

]

Temperature [°C]

Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2


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500

600

700

800

Tim

e [h

]


0

100

200

300

400

500

<24 24-25 25-26 26-27 27-28 28-29 29-30 30-31 >31

Tim

e [h

]

Temperature [°C]



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Relative Humidity - July 2003

500

600

700

Tim

e [h

]

conservation band


0

100

200

300

400

<30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 >60

Tim

e [h

]

Relative Humidity [%]



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500

600

700

Tim

e [h

]

conservation band


0

100

200

300

400

<30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 >60

Tim

e [h

]




VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Comparison of interventions #2 and #3

Heating needs

[kWh]

Cooling needs

[kWh]

Energy need for

de-humidification

[kWh][kWh]

Intervention#2 4795 2256 1541

Intervention#3 4795 2101 2858


- 7 % + 85 %


VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Conclusions

• The microclimate inside the storeroom doesn’t fit the conservation needs for the

main part of the year.

• Otherwise the daily gradients of temperature and humidity are quite in compliance

with the Italian Standard suggestions.

Microclimateanalysis

• Necessity to model the buffer characteristics of materials.

• The improvement of the envelope thermal resistance doesn’t prevent the extreme

values of air temperature.

• An heating and cooling system should be a solution even if the variability of the

objects stored in the storeroom requires an accurate evaluation of temperature and

humidity set-points.


Simulation

Intervention

CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS

THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!

SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013

VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Francesca Cappelletti PhD

Department of Design and Planning in Complex Environments

University Iuav of Venezia, Italy

[email protected]


VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Monthly Deviation Index (DI) for air temperature

Percentage of time outside the standard range (P3, year 2003)

ParchmentsLacquers, tissues, wood

80

100

Paperworst


Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

0

20

40

60

80

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

%

best


VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Monthly Deviation Index (DI) for air humidity

Percentage of time OUTSIDE the required range (P3, year 2003)

Lacquers, parchmentsWood

80

100

Paper


Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

0

20

40

60

80

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

%


VIENNA, AUSTRIA

Space distribution of temperature and humidity

Maximum standard deviation of the hourly values logged by the

different probes every month

4

6

8

10

Tem

pe

ratu

re

[°C

] 2003

2004< 2°C

P2

P4

P3

P5

P6


0

2

4


Tem

pe

ratu

re

[ 2004

2005

0

2

4

6

8

10


Re

lati

ve

Hu

mid

ity

[%

]

2003

2004

2005

< 2°C

3-9%

Experimental measurements and analysis of the indoor...

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