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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SCC

ADMIXED WITH COPPER SLAG INCORPORATED

WITH STEEL FIBER

S. Murugan

PG Student, Dept of Civil Engineering

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai, Tamil Nadu

Dr(Mrs). D. Brindha

Assistant Professor, Dept of Civil Engineering

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai, Tamil Nadu

Abstract— In this paper self-compacting concrete is

admixed with copper slag incorporated with varying

steel fibers. Self-compacting concrete which has a good

flowability characteristics achieves the compaction on

its self. In this work, a total of seven mix are adopted

which is designed by Nansu method with the constant

water to cement ratio as 0.4. From former work it is

identified that when a maximum of 40% of fine

aggregate is replaced with copper slag there is a good

enhancement in the compressive strength. Hence the

same is adopted with the addition of hook end steel

fibers over it. The main purpose of adding fibers is that

to increase the load carrying capacity of the members in

which it is incorporated. In all the mix, the compressive

strength, tensile strength and flexural behaviour is

studied and the results discussed in detail.

Keywords— Self-compacting concrete, Steel fiber,

Copper Slag

I. INTRODUCTION

The construction of modern and complicated civil engineering structures have become a part of today’s fast developing world. Concrete known for its high compressive strength, workability and durability plays a vital role in construction. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a high performance concrete that has very low viscosity and high resistance to segregation, doesn’t require mechanical vibration during casting. Hence, SCC is accepted in the construction industry, When the super plasticizer is added to the concrete, there are more possibilities of segregation. To overcome this situation, the content of the finer particles in the concrete may be increased and simultaneously the coarse particles which tent to block the flow of concrete to heavy reinforcements may be reduced to achieve a better SCC. In this paper we incorporated variation of steel fibre.

Experimental results showed that the compressive strengths of 28 days of SCC were in the range of 41.8-65.6 MPa, and an amount of 30 wt. % of class F fly ash was found to be an optimal value to produce the SCC with excellent flowing and passing capability, preferable durability and mechanical properties [1]

. . The ACI equations used in the study for estimating modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength are governed by the concrete matrix rather than being’s influenced by the fibers at

0.5 vol. %[2]. The various concrete workability tests such as slump flow test, T50cm slump flow, V-funnel test, J-ring and L-box tests were performed and their results were satisfied. From this it is concluded that SCC properties is satisfied by adopting the Nan Su et al. method [3]. The statistical factorial model can simplify the test protocol required to optimize a given mixture by reducing the number of trail batches but however, it needs intensive laboratory testing on available materials. The method based on rheology of paste model can reduce the laboratory work and provide the basis for quality control and further development of new mineral and chemical admixtures [4]. The incorporation of metakolin improved durability, but not the near surface water permeability of the concrete. Equations expressing the effect of replacement level on the examined properties were formulated, whenever appropriate. The most enhancing effect of metakolin as a replacement material was observed in the chloride penetration resistance [5]. Maximum Compressive strength of concrete increased by 34 % at 20% replacement of fine aggregate, and up to 80% replacement ,concrete gain more strength than normal concrete strength. It is observed that up to 30% replacement of natural sand by copper slag, the flexural strength of concrete is increased by 14%. And all percentage replacement of fine aggregate by copper slag the flexural strength of concrete is more than normal mix [6].

II. RESEARCH METHODLOGIES

In our study M40 grade concrete was used for casting

all kind of concrete specimen which are admixed with

40% sand replaced by copper slag and with variation

of steel fibre added with an increments of .2% (Max

1%) This study was concerned with the replacement

of fine aggregate and cement in concrete. The cubes

and cylinder were used for compressive strength and

splitting tensile strength respectively. Beam were

used to find the flexural behaviour respectively

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III. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Fig 1. Flow of Experimental work

The cubes are analysed for compressive strength, the

cylinders for split tensile and RCC beams for flexural

strength and the optimum percentage addition of steel

fibre to achieve the greatest strength and workability

increase calculated.

IV. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND MIX DESIGN

A. Material Properties

Table1. Material properties

Cement Sand Copper

slag

Coarse

Aggregate

Bulk

Density

(g/cc)

- 1.56 1.93 1.45

Specific

Gravity 3.15 2.73 3.8 3.34

B. Mix Design

The procedures of the proposed mix design

method according to Nansu Method can be

summarized in the following steps.

a. Calculation of coarse and fine aggregate

contents

b. Calculation of cement content

c. Calculation of mixing water content

required by cement

d. Calculation of fly ash (FA)

e. Calculation of mixing water content

needed in SCCs

f. Calculation of SP dosage

g. Adjustment of mixing water content

needed in SCC

h. Trial mixes and tests on SCC properties

i. Adjustment of mix proportions

C. Specimen Details

Table 2. Specimen Details

Specimens

used Specimen size

No of

Specimens cast

Cube 150x150x150

mm 21

Cylinder

150mm

diameter and

300 mm height

21

Beam

120mm x

120mm

x1000mm

14

V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Compressive Strength

The result showed that when steel fibre

incorporated into copper slag admixed concrete

specimen, when compressive strength of

concrete is increased to maximum 99.92%.

Addition of steel fibre increases strength

properties of concrete in each proportion.

Table 3 Results of Compressive Strength of Concrete

Cubes

Mix

Identificatio

n

Average

Load

Carryin

g

Capacit

y (kN)

Average

Compressiv

e Strength

(Mpa)

Increase in

Compressiv

e Strength

(%)

CS1 853.5 37.93 -

CS2 948.9 42.17 11.17

S1 1044.4 46.42 22.38

S2 1250.4 55.57 46.06

S3 1547.1 68.76 81.28

S4 1627.2 72.32 90.66

S5 1706.27 75.83 99.92

(a)

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(b)

Fig 2. (a)Max Compressive Strength (Mpa)

(b) Increase in Compressive Strength (%)

B. Split tensile Strength

The result showed that when steel fiber

incorporated into copper slag admixed concrete

specimen, when compressive strength of

concrete is increased to maximum 182.57%.

Addition of steel fiber increases strength

properties of concrete in each proportion.

Table 4 Results of Split Tensile Test on Cylindrical

Specimen

Mix

Identification

Average

Load

(kN)

Average

Split

Tensile

Strength

(Mpa)

Increase

in Split

Tensile

Strength

(%)

CS1 247.63 3.50 -

CS2 284.93 4.03 15.14

S1 387.7 5.48 56.57

S2 401 5.65 61.42

S3 482.3 6.8 94.3

S4 565.18 7.99 128.28

S5 699.73 9.89 182.57

(a)

(b)

Fig3. (a) Average Tensile Strength (N-mm)

(b) Percentage Increase in Strength (%)

C. Flexural behavior of RCC beam

It has been observed that all control

RCC beam are failed by shear failure, whereas

copper slag admixed RCC beam failed

predominately failed by shear failure.

Incorporation steel fiber in RCC beam show

enhanced performance and there by load carrying

capacity are become increased up to 41%.

Table 5 RCC Beam Ultimate Load vs Deflection

Specimen Ultimate

Load (kN)

Deflection

(mm)

CS 1 65.42 7.90

CS 2 70.5 7.04

S 1 74.69 7.97

S 2 76.13 8.9

S 3 80.12 11.26

S 4 85.34 11.5

S 5 92.32 12.56

Fig 4. Flexural Behaviour of RCC Beam

VI. CONCLUSION

A. The incorporated copper slag has benefitted

in the flowability of concrete which is the

ultimate need of the self -compacting

concrete.

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B. The infusion of fibers in the mix has

tremendously increased the strength of the

concrete, hence the section of the members

can be greatly reduced.

C. The flexural behaviour of RCC beam reveals

that the load carrying capacity has increased

on the incorporation of fibers and also it

postpones the initial cracking load.

D. Flexural strength increases with increases in

addition of steel fibers at the same time

while adding 1% of steel fibers, workability

of concrete gets considerably affected.

E. The workability was very good at 0.6%

addition of steel fibers. Moreover, when this

adopted to RCC beam is subjected to

bending test, load-deflection curve is linear

up to 55kN showing good resistant to

flexure.

F. Due to the high increase in strength due to

addition of steel fiber (e.g., nearly 200%

increase in split tensile) beams of thinner

sections can be cast that can withstand larger

Bending Moment that that of normal

concrete.

Acknowledgment

I sincerely express my profound to

Dr.B.SIVAGURUNATHAN, Associate Professor

and Head, Department of Civil Engineering,

Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai for

providing all necessary facilities for doing this project

work.

I express my sincere thanks to my guide

Dr.D.BRINDHA, Assistant Professor, Thiagarajar

College of Engineering, Madurai for his valuable

advice and inspiring guidance which has played a

vital role in carrying out this investigation.

I thank the faculty of Civil Engineering,

Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, for

their valuable advices. I also express my sincere

thanks to all who have directly and indirectly assisted

me in completing the work.

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