Experiment 9. Identification of Unknowns
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Transcript of Experiment 9. Identification of Unknowns
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Experiment 9. Identification of Unknowns
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sol
ether
insol
sol
AA
insol5% NaOH
insol
sol
5% NaHCO3 sol
insol
5% HCl
96% H2SO4
sol
insol
sol
insol
water
Litmus red
Litmus blue
Litmus unchanged
I
N
B
WA
SA
CA AM N
SOLUBILITY CLASSES
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AA amino acids
CA carboxylic acids (5 carbons or less)
AM amines (5 carbons or less)
N alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, amides (5 carbons or less)
SA carboxylic acids, phenols with strong electron withdrawing groups (5 carbons or less)
WA weak acids, phenols, enols, oximes, imides, 1,3-diones, nitro compounds
B aliphatic amines, anilines
N alcohols, aldehydes esters, ketones, ethers, alkynes, akenes
I saturated hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, aryl halides
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Unknowns
1. Carboxylic acids can be characterized by a neutralization equivalent;
2. Amines can be characterized by a neutralization equivalent;
3. Ketones can be characterized by a 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazone derivative, oxime or related compound;
4. Alcohols can be derivatized by phenyl isocyanide derivative,
oxidation to a solid carboxylic acid or ketone;
5. Esters can be characterized by hydrolysis if the acid or alcohol is a solid;
6. Other compounds can be characterized on the basis of derivatives based on their likely structure.
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Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri-St. Louis
Solid UnknownChemistry 263
Preliminary Report FormName: ________________
Date: _ _______Unknown Number ______
Physical Propertiesa) appearance:
b) melting point:c) boiling point:
e) other properties you may have measured:Solubility Tests (use +/- to indicate positive, negative tests)
H2O: _____; 5%NaOH, _____; 5%NaHCO3, _____; 5%HCl, _____ ; H2SO4,_____.
pH(aqueous solution): _____ .
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Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri-St. Louis
Solid Unknown Chemistry 263 Preliminary Report Form Name: _____________
Date:Unknown Number ______
Physical Propertiesa) appearance:b) melting point:c) boiling point:e) other properties you may have measured:
Solubility Tests (use +/- to indicate positive, negative tests)
H2O: _____; 5%NaOH, _____; 5%NaHCO3, _____; 5%HCl, _____ ; H2SO4,_____.
pH(aqueous solution): _____ .