Collaborations and Partnerships. Vannevar Bush Pasteur’s Quadrant.
Experiences and Directions in Spatial Hypertext1945 – Vannevar Bush describes the Memex in “As...
Transcript of Experiences and Directions in Spatial Hypertext1945 – Vannevar Bush describes the Memex in “As...
Experiences and Directions in Spatial Hypertext
Frank ShipmanDepartment of Computer Science &
Center for the Study of Digital LibrariesTexas A&M University
What is Spatial Hypertext?
Hypertext but spatial …so what is hypertext?
Hypertext (or hypermedia) is:1. systems that present the same text
(media) in multiple contexts2. systems that enable the communication of
relationships between documents
Early Timeline of Hypertext
1945 – Vannevar Bush describes the Memex in “As We May Think”
1960s – Douglas Engelbart creates Augment1960s – Ted Nelson uses the term “hypertext”
to describe interconnected body of literature1980s – Many hypertext systems
– KMS, Document Examiner, HyperTies, Guide, NoteCards, Storyspace, Thoth, HAM, VNS, …
– Growing use of the map to provide context
Page-Based Hypertext
Frank Shipman
Dr. Shipman has been researching hypertext, computer-supported cooperative work, and intelligent user interfacessince 1987 at Baylor College of Medicine, University of Colorado, Xerox PARC, and now Texas A&M University.
The field of hypertext includes computer scientists, literary theorists, and writers. The first ACM Hypertext Conferencetook place in 1987 …
Texas A&M University, located in College Station, has 43,000 students …
Map-Based Hypertext
Observations of Xerox NoteCards activities found heavy use of maps.
Aquanet designed to make the map the primary interface (instead of browser)
Late 80s – map-based hypertext– gIBIS, Aquanet, Sepia– Argumentation and knowledge building– Schemas as map legends
Map-Based Hypertext
First ACM Hypertext
ConferenceCollege Station
Texas A&M University
Xerox PARC
University of Colorado
Baylor College of Medicine
Frank Shipman
hypertext
computer-supported cooperative work
intelligent user interfaces
Spatial Hypertext
Observations of Aquanet activities showed links implied rather than explicitly expressed.
VIKI designed to support building and manipulating implicit spatial relations
1993 – first spatial hypertext– VIKI: a visual and kinesthetic analysis tool
Emerged into research area:– HyperMap, CAOS, Manufactur, VKB, Tinderbox,
ART, …
Spatial Hypertext
First ACM Hypertext
Conference College StationTexas A&M University
Xerox PARC
University of Colorado
Baylor College of Medicine
Frank Shipman
hypertext
computer-supported cooperative work
intelligent user interfaces
Frank Shipman
hypertextTexas A&M University
Visual Knowledge Builder
Frank Shipman, Haowei Hsieh,J. Michael Moore, Anna Zacchi, Robert Airhart,
Raghu Akkapeddi, Preetam Maloor, Divya Shah, Kevin Gupton
Center for the Study of Digital Libraries & Department of Computer Science
Texas A&M University1997-present
Navigable History
Problem: inconsistent use of visual cues, interpreting ambiguous layouts
Solution: return to context of interpretationEdit history with multiple navigation
methods:– VCR, slider (relative), timestamp
(absolute), per object/event navigation“Constructive” notion of information space
Links through Space and Time
Why add links?– Links within information space release author from
strict hierarchy– Links to other spaces aid scale / distribution
Navigational issue: – Navigation in space is more complicated than
navigation on page– How to backtrack? What to keep?
Addition: Links can point into history of space
Personal Collection Creation and Use
Getting content in VKB– Embedded Search for NSDL and Google– Drag-and-drop file system folders– Metadata peeling for files, jpg, mp3, search
resultsComprehension and modification of content
– Metadata visualization of NSDL search results– Metadata extraction and applicators– Mouse-based browsing of content (including
mp3 collections)
Metadata Extraction and ApplicationGoal: to allow easy and consistent metadata authoring.Select objects as source for extracting metadata attributes
and values
Menubar of applicators is updated to allow attaching same metadata to other objects.
Experiences
Note-taking, individual authoring tasksOrganizational tasks
– Project management– Conference organization
Group authoring tasks– Poetry, scripts, dual-voice essays
“Real”-world use– Students, researchers, writers, poets
Wide-Area Distributed Spatial Hypertext
VKB FinaleVKB includes features to enable the creation
and use of personal collections.– Embedded search, drag-and-drop folders, and
metadata peeling to get information into the system
– Metadata visualization, metadata extraction and applicators, and mouse-based browsing of contents for comprehension and use
– Study indicates people see value in spatial hypertext for collecting and organizing information resources
Spatial Hypertext Systems: Current Directions
WARP: Web-based Multi-model Adaptive Spatial Hypertext
Luis Francisco-Revilla
VITE: Visualization & ParsingHaowei Hsieh
Hyper-HitchcockFrank Shipman, Andreas Girgensohn, Lynn Wilcox
Workspace used for authoring hypervideo
Explicit links for navigational structure
Spatial layout for ordering of clips into linear video sequences
Summary (Spatial Hypertext)
Spatial hypertext enables emergent expression– Evolving visual languages– Collection, analysis and organization tasks
Features of spatial hypertexts– Multitasking via collections or non-linear views– Implicit structure recognition– Navigable history, links through space and time
Spatial hypertext supports presentation & distribution as well– Publication-oriented spatial hypertexts
Resources on Spatial Hypertext
Workshops on Spatial Hypertext– www.csdl.tamu.edu/~shipman/SpatialHypertext
VKB available at:– www.csdl.tamu.edu/VKB/